CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES ON ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIAL NETWORKS RESEARCH IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF ORGANIZATIONS Series Editor: Michael Lounsbury Recent Volumes: Volume 25: The Sociology of Entrepreneurship Volume 26: Studying Difference between Organizations: Comparative Approaches to Organizational Research Volume 27: Institutions and Ideology Volume 28: Stanford’s Organization Theory Renaissance, 1970À2000 Volume 29: Technology and Organization: Essays in Honour of Joan Woodward Volume 30A: Markets on Trial: The Economic Sociology of the US Financial Crisis: Part A Volume 30B: Markets on Trial: The Economic Sociology of the US Financial Crisis: Part B Volume 31: Categories in Markets: Origins and Evolution Volume 32: Philosophy and Organization Theory Volume 33: Communities and Organizations Volume 34: Rethinking Power in Organizations, Institutions, and Markets Volume 35: Reinventing Hierarchy and Bureaucracy À From the Bureau to Network Organisations Volume 36: The Garbage Can Model of Organizational Choice À Looking Forward at Forty Volume 37: Managing ‘Human Resources’ by Exploiting and Exploring People’s Potentials Volume 38: Configurational Theory and Methods in Organizational Research Volume 39A: Institutional Logics in Action, Part A Volume 39B: Institutional Logics in Action, Part B RESEARCH IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF ORGANIZATIONS VOLUME 40 CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES ON ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIAL NETWORKS EDITED BY DANIEL J BRASS GIUSEPPE (JOE) LABIANCA AJAY MEHRA DANIEL S HALGIN STEPHEN P BORGATTI Department of Management, LINKS Center for Social Network Analysis, Gatton College of Business and Economics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA United Kingdom À North America À Japan India À Malaysia À China Emerald Group Publishing Limited Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK First edition 2014 Copyright r 2014 Emerald Group Publishing Limited Reprints and permission service Contact: permissions@emeraldinsight.com No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters’ suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-1-78350-751-1 ISSN: 0733-558X (Series) ISOQAR certified Management System, awarded to Emerald for adherence to Environmental standard ISO 14001:2004 Certificate Number 1985 ISO 14001 CONTENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS ix ADVISORY BOARD xv SOCIAL NETWORK RESEARCH: CONFUSIONS, CRITICISMS, AND CONTROVERSIES Stephen P Borgatti, Daniel J Brass and Daniel S Halgin THEORY HOW ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY CAN HELP NETWORK THEORIZING: LINKING STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS VIA CROSS-LEVEL ANALOGIES Omar Lizardo and Melissa Fletcher Pirkey 33 MAKING PIPES, USING PIPES: HOW TIE INITIATION, RECIPROCITY, POSITIVE EMOTIONS, AND REPUTATION CREATE NEW ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIAL CAPITAL Wayne Baker 57 BRINGING AGENCY BACK INTO NETWORK RESEARCH: CONSTRAINED AGENCY AND NETWORK ACTION Ranjay Gulati and Sameer B Srivastava 73 TOWARD A STRATEGIC MULTIPLEXITY PERSPECTIVE ON INTERFIRM NETWORKS Andrew Shipilov and Stan Li 95 v vi CONTENTS IN EITHER MARKET OR HIERARCHY, BUT NOT IN BOTH SIMULTANEOUSLY: WHERE STRONG-TIE NETWORKS ARE FOUND IN THE ECONOMY Ezra W Zuckerman 111 BROKERAGE AS A PROCESS: DECOUPLING THIRD PARTY ACTION FROM SOCIAL NETWORK STRUCTURE David Obstfeld, Stephen P Borgatti and Jason Davis 135 EMBEDDED BROKERAGE: HUBS VERSUS LOCALS Ronald S Burt and Jennifer Merluzzi 161 THE POWER OF THE WEAK Martin Gargiulo and Gokhan Ertug 179 COHESION, POWER, AND FRAGMENTATION: SOME THEORETICAL OBSERVATIONS BASED ON A HISTORICAL CASE Mark S Mizruchi 199 AFFECT IN ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS Tiziana Casciaro 219 NEGATIVE TIES IN ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS Giuseppe (Joe) Labianca 239 METHODS THE DUALITY OF ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR ATTRIBUTES: TURNING REGRESSION MODELING “INSIDE OUT” Ronald L Breiger and David Melamed 263 A PRELIMINARY LOOK AT ACCURACY IN EGONETS David Krackhardt 277 vii Contents DO YOU KNOW MY FRIEND? ATTENDING TO THE ACCURACY OF EGOCENTERED NETWORK DATA Bill McEvily 295 IMAGINARY WORLDS: USING VISUAL NETWORK SCALES TO CAPTURE PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL NETWORKS Ajay Mehra, Stephen P Borgatti, Scott Soltis, Theresa Floyd, Daniel S Halgin, Brandon Ofem and Virginie Lopez-Kidwell 315 THE TWO-PIPE PROBLEM: ANALYSING AND THEORIZING ABOUT 2-MODE NETWORKS Antoine Vernet, Martin Kilduff and Ammon Salter 337 APPLICATIONS PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTIFICATION AND PROTOTYPICALITY AS ORIGINS OF KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE NETWORKS Alberto Monti and Giuseppe Soda 357 APPROPRIATENESS AND STRUCTURE IN ORGANIZATIONS: SECONDARY SOCIALIZATION THROUGH DYNAMICS OF ADVICE NETWORKS AND WEAK CULTURE Emmanuel Lazega 381 THE NETWORK DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL STATUS: PROBLEMS AND POSSIBILITIES Alessandro Lomi and Vanina J Torlo´ 403 CORPORATE SOCIAL CAPITAL IN CHINESE GUANXI CULTURE Yanjie Bian and Lei Zhang 421 viii CONTENTS THE CAUSAL STATUS OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN LABOR MARKETS Roberto M Fernandez and Roman V Galperin 445 ONLINE COMMUNITIES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SOCIAL NETWORK RESEARCH Peter Groenewegen and Christine Moser 463 NETWORKING SCHOLARS IN A NETWORKED ORGANIZATION Barry Wellman, Dimitrina Dimitrova, Zack Hayat, Guang Ying Mo and Lilia Smale 479 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Wayne Baker Stephen M Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Yanjie Bian University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China Stephen P Borgatti Department of Management, LINKS Center for Social Network Analysis, Gatton College of Business and Economics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Daniel J Brass Department of Management, LINKS Center for Social Network Analysis, Gatton College of Business and Economics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA Ronald L Breiger School of Sociology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Ronald S Burt Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Tiziana Casciaro Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Jason Davis INSEAD Strategy Area, Fontainebleau, France Dimitrina Dimitrova Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ix ... Greenwich, London, UK Antoine Vernet Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, London, UK xiii List of Contributors Barry Wellman Faculty of Information, University of Toronto, Toronto,... Information; Money Social Network Research: Confusions, Criticisms, and Controversies 11 ties studied in social network research Social relations include such things as kinship relations (e.g.,... COHESION, POWER, AND FRAGMENTATION: SOME THEORETICAL OBSERVATIONS BASED ON A HISTORICAL CASE Mark S Mizruchi 199 AFFECT IN ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORKS Tiziana Casciaro 219 NEGATIVE TIES IN ORGANIZATIONAL