MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION NGUYEN TRUNG KIEN TEACHING TECHNICAL PRACTICE TOWARDS DEVELOPING COLLABORATIVE WORKING SKILLS FOR PEDAGOGICAL STUDENTS Major: Theory and method of teaching Department of Industrial Engineering Code: 9.14.01.11 SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL THESIS INSCIENCEEDUCATION Ha Noi - 2020 The thesis is completed at: HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION Supervisors: Assos Prof Dr Le Hong Son Assos Prof Dr Dang Thanh Hung Referee1: Assos Prof Dr Ta Tri Phuong Ha Noi Pedagogical University Referee 2: Assos Prof Dr Do Anh Tuan Hung Yen University of Technology and Edication Referee 3: Assos Prof Dr Dang Van Nghia Ha Noi National University of Education The thesis will be examined by Examination Board of Ha Noi University of Education, at……………………………………… The thesis can be found at: - National Library, Ha Noi - Ha Noi University of Education Library PREAMBLE RESASON CHOOSES THE THESIS TOPIC The world is entering the era of technology revolution 4.0, setting the task for the education sector in the new phase to train generations of learners who can adapt to worldwide developments, including Modern skills Resolution No 29-NQ/TW “on fundamental and comprehensive innovation of education and training, meeting the requirements of industrialization and modernization in the context of socialist-oriented market economy and integration international” was approved by the 11th Central Conference of the 11th session Training activities now require students to spend a lot of time on self-study and group work, students have to study individually, and have to cooperate with each other to complete the learning tasks These are the main reasons why the author chooses the thesis topic: “Teaching technical practice towards developing collaborative working skills for pedagogical students ” PURPOSE RESEARCH Research theoretical basis and practical basis of teaching technical skills (TTS) towards developing collaborative working skills (CWS) for pedagogical students ; thereby proposing measures to teach the practicetechnical towards developing CWS for pedagogical students , in order to improving the quality of teaching in colleges and universities of education with technical training in this time GUEST, OBJECTAND RANGE RESEARCH 3.1 Guest research The process of teaching practicetechnical in the current training program of Technical Education 3.2 Objectresearch The nature of the relationship between teaching practicetechnical and improving CWS for pedagogical students 3.3 Rangeresearch - Researching the teaching activities of the practicetechnical in the classroom space - Survey at: Nam Dinh Teacher Training College; Nam Dinh University of Technology Education; Hanoi University of Education; Thai Nguyen University of Technology - Proposing measures to teach technical skills towards developing skills of teaching skills for students - Experimental organization in the teaching of basic electric practice at Nam Dinh University of Technology Education THEORY OF SCIENCE If building and using measures teaching inpractice technical towards developing CWS for pedagogical students with the nature, theoretical principles, requirements and necessary techniques, it will have better accomplish the item Teaching targets, developing CWS for students, there by improving the quality of teaching practice technical RESEARCH DUTY 5.1 Researching the theoretical basis of teaching practice technical towards developing CWS, proposing the system of CWS for current students technical 5.2 Surveying and analyzing teaching inpractice technical towards developing CWS for pedagogical students 5.3 Proposing measures to teach practice technical towards developing CWS for pedagogical students , applying to teach Practice basic electricity 5.4 Testing and evaluating research results RESEARCH METHOD 6.1 Method of theoretical research: Analyzing documents, synthesizing documents, systematizing, generalizing materials sources to build theoretical basis for the topic 6.2 Practical research methods: Survey by questionnaires, observation, interviews, expert advice and pedagogical experiment 6.3 Mathematical statistics method: Data processing in the status survey and testing and evaluation of proposed measures CONTRIBUTION OF THE THESIS 7.1 In theory: Developing the theoretical basis of teaching practicetechnical towards developing CWS for students, namely: - Clarify the concept, characteristics, structure and criteria of CWS - Clarify the principles of teaching practice technical towards developing CWS for students - Proposing the system of CWSfor students of technical education 7.2 In terms of practice: - Proposing models of teaching practice technical towards developing CWS for students - Proposing measures of teaching practice technical towards developing CWS for students STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS The main content of the thesis consists of chapters and conclusions and recommendations (135 pages), including 30 tables and 16 pictures There are also: introduction (5 pages), reference number: 95; Appendix: 11 (31 pages) Chapter THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF TEACHING PRACTICE TECHNICAL TOWARDS DEVELOPING COLLABORATIVE WORKING SKILLS FOR STUDENTS 1.1 Overview of research issues This content presents researches on the direction of research on the teaching practicetechnical, teaching collaborativein the world and in Vietnam On that basis, give the following conclusions: Teaching practicetechnicalis one of the teaching activities that are widely researched and implemented in the world and in Vietnam This research is a research direction that has been interested in many domestic and foreign authors, serving as a basis for implementing many activities teaching collaborativeand study in regions around the world, including Vietnam The development of CWS for students is in accordance with the viewpoint of modern teaching and perspectives on educational innovation in our country today Theresearches have been studies on teaching practice technical towards developing a number of vocational skills for learners, but mainly on personal manipulation skills, there has not been a separate study on CWS in the working environment ofteam work The published works on collaborative teaching CWS for students only mention the general theoretical issues, propose measures to organize collaborative activities in the theoretical teaching environment, there are not many works going into the study of developing CWS in practical teaching, including teaching practice technical 1.2 Basic concepts related to the topic 1.2.1 Teaching practical techniques Teaching practice technical is a pedagogical process organized by lectures with the aim of teaching learners to consolidate, apply knowledge and form skills, labor skills; contribute to forming technical capacity for learners 1.2.2 Skill Skills are a kind of controlled and conscious activities, which are carried out technically on the basis of applying knowledge, thereby achieving certain results 1.2.3 Collaborative Collaboration is the concept of the environment and working relationship, characterized by the willingness of individuals to work together with one or a group of others on the basis of common goals and interests 1.2.4 Collaborative working skills Collaborative working skills are a collection of words and actions that are carried out consciously and technically in the process of coordinating with others on the basis of applying knowledge and action methods to achieve results general 1.3 Some basic content aboutCollaborative working skills 1.3.1 Characteristics of collaborative working skills - Firstly, CWS aspect of certain actions or actions - Secondly, CWS have a basic foundation of positive interdependence of individuals participating in common activities - Third, CWS are both stable and flexible, flexible and creative - Fourthly, the mechanism of CWS is actually a mechanism of coordination and action in different group activities 1.3.2 Structure of collaborative working skills Figure 1.1 Structure of collaborative working skills 1.3.3 The process of formation and development of CWS The process of formation and development of CWS is a process that is implemented in a rational and scientific way through five stages: - The stage of receiving knowledge about the CWS to equip the students with the purpose, requirements, tasks and ways of CWS - The stage of expressing the process of CWS reconstructing the operation to form an activity symbol, making it capable of being ready to apply in a specific situation in a positive way - The stage of mastering the method of building and implementing CWS At this stage, CWS is formed by observation, consciously implementing activities that have been and have been done before - The stage of proficient implementation of CWS in a conscious manner At this stage, CWS are gradually developed thanks to regular practice, drawing experiences through many times of implementation - Creative application phase of CWS in different situations On the basis of the skill of teaching skills, it has been practiced in normal conditions, students can apply to cooperate effectively in new situations 1.3.4 Assess collaborative working skills In view of the thesis, the basis of assessing LVHT skills is expressed through five criteria: - Correctness: Assessing the level of identifying the purpose, meaning, requirements, ways of CWS and properly implementing CWS activities - Completeness: Assessing the implementation of the CWS in the CWS process (skill in teamwork, team communication, task assignment, development relationships skills, skills to action together) - Proficiency: Assessing the level of maturity in the implementation of CWS activities in basic conditions - Effectiveness: Assessing the quality and progress in the process of CWS at a standard time - Flexibility: Assessing the ability to quickly handle, respond in the CWS process to suit the actual situation 1.4 Some issues in teaching practice technical towards developing collaborative working skills for Students of Technical Education 1.4.1 Principles of teaching practice technical towards development collaborative working skills 11 Chapter TEACHING REALITY PRACTICE TECHNICAL TOWARDS THE DEVELOPMENT COLLABORATIVEWORKING SKILLSFOR STUDENTS 2.1 Overview of surveying the situation The topic of surveying three groups of subjects is: 52 lectures are directly working and teaching at colleges and universities with technical teacher training, 554 students, 46 students have graduated, now working in localities throughout the country with many different environments Since then, the topic has been conducted: - Evaluate the awareness of lectures about teaching practice technical towards developing CWS for pedagogical students - Evaluate the status of organizing teaching practice technical towards developing CWS for pedagogical students - Evaluate the role of CWS in professional practice after graduation - Study about the factors affecting teaching and learning practice technical towards developing CWS for pedagogical students - Study CWS of pedagogical students in this time 2.2 Survey results 2.2.1 Reality of lectures and students' awareness about teaching practical techniques towards developing collaborative working skills for students The survey results confirm that the majority of lectures are basically having good perceptions about the importance, characteristics and basic requirements of teaching practice technical towards developing CWS for students They have also identified their role in developing CWS for students However, on the specific tasks of lectures in the teaching processpractice technical towards developing CWS for students, lectures still have certain mistakes Quite a lot of lectures mistakenly 12 believe that in teaching towards developing CWS for students, actively participate and be willing to solve problems that occur in the process of collaborative working of students For students, most of them have understood the basic characteristics of teaching practice technical towards developing CWS, but there are still many students who are not fully aware yet, deeply about this issue, in which the 3rd, 4th and 5th year students after having gone through specialized learning activities have better knowledge than the first year students entering the school 2.2.2 Reality of teaching practical techniques towards developing collaborative working skills for students Basically, the requirements and contents of practical teaching are quite convenient to design and practice technical training in collaborative groups for students, but in fact, due to the investment of time and effort, rarely lectures redesign, besides most lectures think that assessing the capacity of students before organizing practice for lectures is not difficult In terms of facilities, practical tools and materials when designing practical teaching techniques in collaborative groups for students, it is quite sufficient and convenient to work in groups The fact about equipment and teaching conditions when organizing teaching practice techniques in collaborative groups for students is quite convenient, but the division of collaborative groups, ways of dividing lectures' groups when organizing teaching collaborative technical practice for students is relatively simple; mostly random, not paying attention to techniques or pedagogical intentions in group division 2.2.3 Reality of the role of collaborative working skills of students Technical pedagogy in professional practice 13 With the results of the survey of former students, it is possible to affirm that the collaborative working skills are important in the practical career activities of students after graduation In addition, practical skills are information that the thesis needs to consider in order to develop appropriate collaborative working skills development measures 2.2.4 Reality of collaborative working skills of students of Technical Education Through the survey results, we consider that students are basically aware of the role and willingness to work However, system CWS of students is still limited There are many reasons for this fact, maybe due to objective reasons are quite large class sizes, making it difficult to divide groups; facilities and conditions of facilities are not really guaranteed for teaching activities practice technical in the direction of developing CWS for students; besides, there are some subjective reasons such as: lectures have not really spent time designing activities of collaborative practice technical for students; lectures not have much support, orientation and use of methods when organizing teaching practice technical towards developing CWS; students have not been consulted, fully instructed about principles, manipulation, group cooperation behavior for students; the assessment of practice results has not promoted the motivation for active students to cooperate 14 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER Awareness of lectures and students about teaching practice technical towards developing CWS is right, and highly appreciate the role of teaching in this direction However, there are still incomplete perceptions about teaching practice technical towards developing CWS, equipping lectures and students with knowledge about teaching practice technical towards developing CWS is a necessary issue Teaching practice technical towards developing CWS for students current are not really good Lectures have not considered the CWS as the target to be achieved when teaching Very few lectures apply positive techniques and methods, mainly traditionally grouping and teaching Lectures not have processes and methods to determine goals, select methods, control, guide and inspect collaborative teaching effectively Lectures also face certain difficulties in teaching practicetechnical towards developing CWS for students Specifically, the contents of the syllabus and materials are not convenient for designing cooperation tasks; grasp the capacity of each student before organizing practice; Lectures not have the skills to observe, evaluate and adjust collaborative activities of students; conditions and teaching facilities are also incomplete and synchronous These are issues that need to be addressed Through investigation of the status CWS of students of technical education shows that students have awareness of CWS, students also more or less have the skills to work in certain cooperation, but the development of these skills is mainly at medium level, the children have shown some basic skills but the level of proficiency is not high, not stable, and need to continue to develop 15 CHAPTER TEACHING METHODS OFPRACTICE TECHNICALTOWARDS DEVELOPING COLLABORATIVEWORKING SKILLS 3.1 Principles for building technical practice teaching methods towards developing collaborative working skills Ensuring teaching in association with the objectives and content of the program Ensuring between personal study and group study Ensure systematic Ensure practicality Ensure comprehensive effectiveness 3.2 Methods of teaching technical practice towards developing collaborative working skills for students 3.2.1 Improve knowledge about collaborative work for students The thesis proposes to improve the knowledge of CWS for students through the construction of a CWS handbook 3.2.2 Develop a process of teaching technical practice towards developing collaborative working skills Figure The process of designing practical tasks towards developing CWS for students 16 Figure Process of organizing practice activities towards developingCWS for students 3.2.3 Use collaborative teaching methods and techniques The use of appropriate methods and techniques will create a learning environment to promote the working efficiency of student groups, while ensuring the objectives, learning requirements, and developing CWS for students Each content of technical expertise has different methods and cooperative teaching techniques, even one content can use many methods, cooperative teaching techniques Within the thesis limit, how to exploit and use teaching methods according to projects, case study, techniques of tablecloths and Jigsaw techniques 3.2.4 Building a collaborative environment through IT communication In order to apply IT platforms to create a highly interactive and shared environment, it is implemented both during class and outside of class time Through the Internet data system initially established by lectures, 17 students exploit, exchange and interact with each other through websites, webquests, emails, forums, via online applications such as Facebook, Skype , Zalo, Google Driver to create an environment for students to easily connect, cooperate with each other, to both improve the quality of learning, and to work towards developing CWS for students 3.2.5 Assessment of technical practice teaching focuses on collaborative working skills Lectures have evaluation methods to create a positive dependency relationship among group members, based on criterias: (1) Results, working capacity of individual students, (2) Conclusion overall performance of the group, (3) CWS in the process of team-work Lectures design practical tasks before organizing teaching practicetechnical must be based on practical content, make appropriate requirements and tasks, and can evaluate the results of working capacity of individually, can evaluate the overall performance of the group 3.3.Application of basic electric practice teaching towards developing collaborative working skills for students The thesis has applied above measures to teaching Practice Basic Electrical according to the Detailed Syllabus of Practice Basic Electrical of Nam Dinh University of Technology Education(2016) These measures are implemented before, during and outside of practice hours, establishing a network of documents related to practical contents that are readily available for students to easily access; Students can exchange and discuss with each other anytime, anywhere; The synchronous implementation of measures into the teaching process Technical practice will resonate the positive impacts on the learning process of students, help students to ensure knowledge, skills and attitudes as required subjects, developing CWS 18 CONCLUSION OF CHAPTER Chapter of the thesis has made the following contents with scientific results and meanings: On the basis of theory and practice of teaching practice technical towards developing CWS for students, based on the characteristics of teaching practice technical, the project has built measures reflect different ways of impacting on the teaching process Practice techniques to develop CWS for students Measures clearly determine the purpose, content, method of implementation, conditions of implementation, with the orientation to create favorable environments for students to work collaborative together and with lectures Measures are taken to meet the stages from designing to prepare teaching to organizing, controlling teaching and assessing, aiming to both improve learning outcomes and develop skills cooperation for students To deploy teaching practice technical towards developing CWS for students to be effective, lectures need to use synchronous coordination, intermingling measures together The application of measures also requires lectures to invest and prepare carefully, based on the condition of facilities, equipment, facilities, capacity of students as well as based on specific contents of activities Based on the proposed measures, the thesis has applied toteachPracticebasic electricity towards developing CWS for students The feasibility as well as the effectiveness of measures and application in teaching Practice basic electricity will be tested and evaluated in chapter of the thesis 19 Chapter TESTING AND EVALUATION 4.1 Purpose, object and method of testing - The general purpose of testing is to check the correctness of the scientific hypothesis that the topic stated, the specific purpose of the test to assess the correctness and feasibility of the proposed topic measures; evaluate the effectiveness of implementing Practice basic electricity - Experimental subject by expert method and pedagogical experimental method; with pedagogical experimental methods, the thesis selected test subjects as the second-year student, Nam Dinh University of Technology Education, conducted experiments in phases in the second semester of 2018 - 2019 - Experts' method are applied for comments through Expert opinion form, through interview activities that the author directly conducts with a number of qualified and experienced experts in teaching practice technical Experimental pedagogical methods are conducted in parallel teaching classes and experiments with the same content Experimental class teaches according to the proposal of the thesis, the teaching class teaches normally The method of assessing the learning results of students in the experimental and general classes is applied the same 4.2 Testing by expert method Expert methods are conducted through the exchange and sending of documents on the skills of Collaborative Work and the characteristics of teaching Technological practice towards developing skills Collaborative work for students, from which professionals give comments on measures developed through expert opinion votes and direct interview activities - Qualitative results: Most experts agree with the proposal of the concept, structure of CWS and teaching methods practice technical towards developing CWS of 20 students In particular, many experts identify each content of different practice technical , depending on the specific teaching conditions and the application of appropriate measures - Quantitative results: In general, the comments and suggestions of experts are very valuable, helping the author complete the measures that the topic has built Regarding the results of evaluating the effectiveness of applying measures to teaching Practice Basic Electric of experts, lectures have the expertise and directly teach the subjects of Electrical Engineering, basically all the assessment pole Table 4.1 An overview of the measures developed 3- High level, 2- Medium, 1-Low level Scientific, Content rated Possibility Effectiveness logical 3 Measure 1: Improve collaborative knowledge for students through collaborative Handbook 26 31 25 10 Measure 2: Develop teaching process Technical practice towards developing CWS 19 14 22 12 18 10 Measure3: Usingcollaborative teaching methods and techniques 27 23 10 28 Measure 4: Enhancing the cooperation environment through the application of IT and communication 29 25 31 Measure 5: Innovating theassessment and assessment of teaching towards CWS for students 22 12 16 13 21 12 21 4.3 Test and evaluate by pedagogical experiment method Pedagogical career methods are organized at Nam Dinh University of Technical Education, lectures teach the same part of Practice Basic Electric in experiment and control classes In which, the experiment class implements the proposed measures, the class of teaching is deployed normally.Experimental process is organized into phases on the object of 72 year students in Electrical System, Automatic Control, Electricity - Electronics in Nam Dinh University of Technology Education - Qualitative results: Through the data collected through observation, observing directly 10 sessions of experiment and control classes, we can affirm the attitude and spirit of cooperation of the experimental groups is much higher than that of the control groups Most of the students of the experimental classes were interested in learning new ways by communicating, collaborating and seeing "more fun" Through this, they also found that their CWS were practiced training and development - Quantitative results: Based on the results and the comparative score graph of the experiment and control classes, the percentage of good and good grades in the experimental classes is always higher than that of the general class, the second test has a clear difference than the test firstly, the CWS of the experimental students also have better development level General assessment: Through empirical results from 01/2018 to 3/2019, applying teaching methods Practicing techniques for teaching Practice Basic Electric at Nam Dinh University of Technology Educationtowards developing CWS gave positive results, learning results as well as CWS of students of experimental classes have been developed higher than that of the general class 22 CONCLUSION CHAPTER The measures proposed by the dissertation are the plans to actualize the application of teaching reasoning basis practice technical towards developing CWS for students, with orientation for application in different practice technical subjects In fact, in order for the implementation of teaching to be effective, it is necessary to flexibly apply measures based on specific conditions The application of measures at the beginning will have certain acquaintances with both lectures and students Once you understand the thought of teaching and forming habits in practice, students will be excited, enthusiastic and proactive, thereby both improving learning results and developing CWS At the end of the experiment, the students are very excited and the evaluation results show that the CWS of the students have evolved quite well in all groups of CWS In addition, the results also showed that it has initially formed for students behavior, mental attitude to actively cooperate in learning and training These learning skills and qualities are very meaningful for university students in the development trend of society today Experimental results in both batches and direct interview of lectures and students all showed positive results This confirms the advantage of the proposed and tested measures Applying to teaching practice technical towards development CWS is a right direction in training, contributing to improving teaching efficiency and implementing teacher training goals in the current period 23 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion Teaching in the direction of developing CWS is a long-standing teaching thought, playing an important role in developing the necessary skills for learners to adapt to the interactive environment of integration, become a teaching strategy of many educational countries to develop and bring many remarkable results Teaching practice technical towards developing CWS for students based on psychology, sociology, modern education, in accordance with the characteristics of teaching practice technical In particular, taking dual goals is to both develop thinking, skills, practice, and develop CWS In fact, most lectures and students have a basic awareness of teaching requirements towards developing CWS, but the design and use at teacher training institutions limited; level of CWS of students is still at medium and low level, can not immediately meet the requirements of learning and professional activities later Based on theoretical basis and practical teaching practice technical towards developing CWS, the thesis has proposed measures in teaching practice technical, can use spirit operational, reasonable in teaching practice technical in general The thesis has appliedteaching the orientation for Practice basic electricity The results of testing and evaluation confirmed the science and ability to deploy into practice the measures, improve the quality of teaching and develop CWS for students Teaching practice technical towards development CWS to improve the quality and effectiveness of teaching, implementing the goal of improving the quality of training in the current stage teacher training institutions now on 24 Recommendations 2.1 With institutions training teacher - Need to research, innovate and synchronize the output standards, program framework, forms of examination and evaluation of students' learning results in the direction of developing CWS - Ensuring facilities, connecting equipment, teaching equipment and learning materials for students - Creating conditions on mechanism, unifying the policy of innovating teaching methods, bringing CWS becomes a basic goal in training - Necessary to encourage teaching activities in the direction of developing CWS, with seminars on this content 2.2 With lecturers - Research and learn about CWS, create conditions for students to develop this skill - In teaching practice technical, need to compile maximizing the application of IT to create an ollaborative environment for students - Need to invest in designing appropriate learning content, both as an expert in the field of expertise; is the organizer, controller, guide and willing to assist when students have difficulties 2.3 With students - Actively participate in the process before, during and after learning practice technical, confidence in individual and group activities - Proactively approach and practice and develop CWS of themselves Actively learn, do, ready to cooperate with classmates and lectures LIST OF WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS HAS BEEN PUBLISHED Nguyen Trung Kien (2013), "Organizing collaborative teaching in industrial engineering training program under credit system", Education Journal, No 316 (August 2013), pp.39-41 Nguyen Trung Kien (2018), "Orientation for developing collaborative capacity for students of Nam Dinh Teacher Training College through practical teaching", Education Journal, Special issue (October 2018), p.61-64 Nguyen Trung Kien (2019),"Some basic issues of collaborative working skills", Journal of Educational Science (January 2019), No 13, p.143-147 Nguyen Trung Kien (2019), "Some theories about teaching towards developing collaborative working skills for students", Education Journal, No 454 (May 2019), p.40-44 ... Assos Prof Dr Le Hong Son Assos Prof Dr Dang Thanh Hung Referee1: Assos Prof Dr Ta Tri Phuong Ha Noi Pedagogical University Referee 2: Assos Prof Dr Do Anh Tuan Hung Yen University of Technology... Noi University of Education Library PREAMBLE RESASON CHOOSES THE THESIS TOPIC The world is entering the era of technology revolution 4.0, setting the task for the education sector in the new phase... reasons why the author chooses the thesis topic: “Teaching technical practice towards developing collaborative working skills for pedagogical students ” PURPOSE RESEARCH Research theoretical basis