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THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Contents .8 TO THE TEACHER .9 TO THE STUDENT 10 1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal verbs .12 come from . 12 figure out . 13 give back . 13 look for 13 put on 13 run into 14 show up . 14 take off 15 2. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and do, does, and did .19 come off 20 doze off . 21 fall for . 21 give in . 21 hear about 21 pull through . 21 stay off 22 throw up 22 3. FOCUS ON: three-word phrasal verbs .25 feel up to . 25 get over with 25 go along with . 25 go in for . 26 look forward to 26 put up with 26 screw out of . 26 talk down to . 26 4. FOCUS ON: present and past continuous phrasal verbs .29 cheat on . 29 go after 29 look up 30 pay for . 30 plan for 31 point to 31 put to . 31 wrap up . 32 5. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-word phrasal verbs .35 break down 35 burn down . 37 call in 37 find out 37 hand back 37 look at . 38 setup 38 6. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of three-word phrasal verbs 43 boil down to . 43 come down with .43 come up with . 44 get around to 44 get out of . 44 go back on . 44 go through with 45 monkey around with .45 7. FOCUS ON: separable phrasal verbs with long objects .48 cut up 48 hold up 49 let out 49 point out 50 run over . 50 see about . 51 take apart . 51 take in . 51 8. FOCUS ON: present perfect phrasal verbs .57 burn out . 57 fall over . 58 fight back 58 hear of . 59 pick out . 59 tear down . 59 work in 60 9. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require an additional particle when used with an object, 1 .64 break out . 65 catch up . 65 chicken out 66 get along 66 give up 66 hang up 66 hook up . 67 work up . 67 10. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 1 .72 fall off . 72 fill in . 73 go ahead 73 grow up . 74 hand out 74 kick back . 75 lay off 75 screw up 76 11. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used in compound nouns .81 backup . 82 cut off 83 drop off . 84 follow up . 85 take out 85 try out 86 wake up . 87 work out 87 12. FOCUS ON: past perfect phrasal verbs 94 back off . 94 come across . 95 come up . 95 fall through . 96 put out . 96 screw on 97 sign in . 97 sign out 97 13. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 1 101 call off . 101 dose off . 101 hand in 102 let off .103 light up 103 track down . 104 14. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 1 108 butt in 109 dress up . 109 dry up 109 fill out 110 put away 110 stick up 110 use up 111 15. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and will or be going to .117 blow away . 118 come through . 118 dry out . 119 fix up . 119 go with 120 head back .121 tell on 122 16. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with gerund objects, 1 .126 believe in . 126 carry on . 127 count on . 127 get through 128 go for .129 hold off 129 put past 129 think about .130 17. FOCUS ON: adverbs and phrasal verbs 135 come over 136 get back at . 136 go about . 137 grow out of 137 rip up . 137 wear down . 138 18. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and can, could, will, and would 143 breakthrough 144 figure on 144 get off 145 go beyond 146 lift upon . 146 line up . 146 stand around 147 tell apart 147 19. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb right 151 aim at 151 bring back 152 bring over 152 cool off 152 go back 153 hand over . 153 pull over 153 warm up 154 20. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs followed by the -ing form 159 end up 159 go around .159 Go off 161 hang around . 162 lie around .163 start out . 163 stay up . 163 21. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and should and ought to 168 look around 169 look over . 169 pick on 169 settle down 170 step on . 170 take out on . 170 think ahead 171 zip up 171 22. FOCUS ON: the particle up and the adverbs right and all 175 burn up 176 clear up . 176 count up . 177 eat up . 177 heat up .177 pay up 177 plug up 178 wipe up 178 23. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require an additional particle when used with an object, 2 .182 crack down 182 cut down 182 drop out . 184 get away 184 hold out . 185 make up . 185 stay out 187 watch out . 187 24. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 2 .191 come down 191 Let up 192 print out 192 show off 193 slow down . 193 stop over 194 trade in 194 25. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and have to, have got to, and must .199 do with . 200 have on 200 hurry up . 201 knock over . 201 lighten up . 201 plan ahead 201 settle for 202 think up . 202 26. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb back 205 get together 205 go over 206 go up . 207 let in on . 207 open up 208 put together 208 shut off 208 start up 209 27. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle off and the adverb right 213 bite off .214 break off 214 dry off . 214 knock off . 215 tear off . 215 wash off . 215 wear off . 216 wipe off . 216 28. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 2 221 beef up 221 break up . 221 call back 222 call up 222 carry out 222 give away 223 mess up . 223 stand up . 224 29. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and might, may, and can .228 ask for . 228 come apart . 229 drop in . 229 flip out .229 look out . 229 luck out . 229 make out 230 run across 230 30. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 2 234 lock in . 235 Lock out 235 punch in . 236 put out . 236 sort out 237 space out 238 wash up . 238 31. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and gerund subjects 244 care for 244 cut out . 245 do away with . 245 do without 246 look into 246 plan on 246 put off 246 rule out 247 32. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle out 250 clean out 251 clear out . 252 come out 252 empty out .254 fall out . 254 go out 254 leave out 255 stick out . 255 33. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and midsentence adverbs 261 blow up . 262 catch on .262 come about 263 fall behind 263 goof around . 263 help out . 264 know about 264 pull off 264 34. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-and three-word phrasal verbs, 2 268 do over 268 float around . 269 lead up to . 269 put up to 269 stand for 269 stick around . 270 stick to .270 take back . 271 35. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs 275 fool around 276 go by . 276 hold against . 277 leave behind . 277 live with 277 make of . 278 narrow down 278 trick into 278 36. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle down .282 back down . 282 calm down . 283 fall down . 283 go down . 283 lay down 284 put down 284 run down . 285 sit down . 286 37. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 3 .291 brush off 291 come on . 292 cover up . 293 hang out . 293 leave over left over . 293 Let down . 294 talk to 295 38. FOCUS ON: the verb keep and adverbs and adverbials showing degrees of variability .300 keep at . 301 keep away 301 keep down . 301 keep from 302 keep off . 302 keep on 302 keep to .303 keep up 303 39. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 3 307 chop up 308 cross off . 308 fill up . 308 pick up 309 sell out .310 straighten out .311 take over 311 wipe out . 312 40. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs vs. phrasal verbs followed by the -ing form 318 -ing form .318 gerund .318 blow off . 318 burst out 319 come back 319 get off on . 320 go away .320 run around . 320 stick with . 321 41. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs with the particle in that require into when used with an object 325 break in . 326 Check out 327 go in 328 let in 328 plug in . 328 sneak in . 329 sneak out . 329 42. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with get, 1 .333 get back .333 get behind 334 get down 335 get in . 335 get out . 336 get over . 337 get up 338 43. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect phrasal verbs .342 blow out 343 give out . 344 gross out 344 run up 344 shut up .345 stop off 345 try on . 345 44. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives and passive phrasal verbs with the verb get .351 beat up .352 mix up . 353 piss off 354 rip off 354 45. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the verb turn 359 turn down 359 turn in 359 turn into . 360 turn off 360 turn on . 361 turn out 362 turn over 363 turn up . 364 46. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of phrasal verbs with the particle into 369 build in 369 bump into 369 con into . 370 con out of 370 freak out 370 make for 370 talk into . 370 talk out of 371 47. FOCUS ON: particles used without verbs .375 brush up . 375 come in 376 cut back .376 move in . 377 move out 377 pull out 378 put in . 378 run out . 379 48. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect passive phrasal verbs 383 close down . 384 knock out . 384 look down on . 385 look up to 385 put back . 385 switch off .386 throw out . 386 49. FOCUS ON: combinations of get, right, back, and to .391 dog up . 394 get ahead . 394 get back to . 394 get on 394 get to . 395 hang on 396 start off 396 throw away 396 50. FOCUS ON: Keep at it! 401 ask out . 401 come down to 401 deal with 401 hold on 402 pay back 402 take up on 402 turn around 402 wear out . 403 Answers 409 Index .431 Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS To the Teacher / iv To the Student / v 1. Separable and Nonseparable Phrasal Verbs / 1 2. Phrasal Verbs and do, does, and did / 8 3. Three-Word Phrasal Verbs / 14 4. Present and Past Continuous Phrasal Verbs / 18 5. Pronunciation of Two-Word Phrasal Verbs / 24 6. Pronunciation of Three-Word Phrasal Verbs / 32 7. Separable Phrasal Verbs with Long Objects / 37 8. Present Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 46 9. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an Additional Particle When Used with an Object, 1 / 53 10. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 1 / 61 11. Phrasal Verbs Used in Compound Nouns / 70 12. Past Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 83 13. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 1 / 91 14. Participle Adjectives Formed from Phrasal Verbs, 1 / 98 15. Phrasal Verbs and will or be going to /107 16. Phrasal Verbs with Gerund Objects, 1 / 116 17. Adverbs and Phrasal Verbs / 125 18. Phrasal Verbs and can, could, will, and would / 133 19. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb right I 141 20. Phrasal Verbs Followed by the -ing Form / 149 21. Phrasal Verbs and should and ought to 158 22. The Particle up and the Adverbs right and all I 165 23. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an Additional Particle When Used with an Object, 2 / 172 24. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 2 / 180 25. Phrasal Verbs and have to, have got to, and must / 188 iii 26. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb bade / 194 27. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle off and the Adverb right I 202 28. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 210 29. Phrasal Verbs and might, may, and can /217 30. Participle Adjectives Formed from Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 223 31. Phrasal Verbs and Gerund Subjects / 233 32. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle our / 239 33. Phrasal Verbs and Midsentence Adverbs / 250 34. Pronunciation of Two- and Three- Word Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 257 35. Gerund Phrasal Verbs / 264 36. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle down / 271 37. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 3 / 280 38. The Verb keep and Adverbs and Adverbials Showing Degrees of Variability / 289 39. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 3 / 296 40. Gerund Phrasal Verbs vs. Phrasal Verbs Followed by the -ing Form / 307 41. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs with the Particle in That Require into When Used with an Object / 314 42. Phrasal Verbs with get, 1 / 322 43. Modals and Present Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 331 44. Participle Adjectives and Passive Phrasal Verbs with the Verb get I 340 45. Phrasal Verbs with the Verb rum / 348 46. Pronunciation of Phrasal Verbs with the Particle into / 358 47. Particles Used Without Verbs / 364 48. Modals and Present Perfect Passive Phrasal Verbs / 372 49. Combinations of get, right, back, and tо / 380 50. Keep at It! / 390 Answers to Exercises / 398 Index / 410 TO THE TEACHER The inspiration for The Ultimate Phrasal Verb Book came about when a student asked me for a textbook to help her learn the meanings of common phrasal verbs. I had nothing to offer. The only textbook focusing on common verbs that I could give her contains not one phrasal verb — it teaches arise but not get up, awake but not wake up, seek but not look for. Phrasal verbs are verbs, not idiomatic curiosities. There is no logic to classifying take over with take the bull by the horns. Phrasal verbs are an essential part of spoken and written English at all levels, and no student who hopes to master the language can afford to overlook them. Although this textbook is intended primarily for high-intermediate to advanced students, ambitious students at lower levels will benefit from it as well. Only some FOCUS sections may prove to be a little beyond them; otherwise, there is nothing to prevent any student from studying the definitions and examples and attempting the exercises. A vocabulary textbook should provide mechanics as well as meaning. Students want to know more than what a word means — they want to know how to use it correctly. The importance of mechanics is the reason for the emphasis on the prepositions required when some phrasal verbs are used transitively and for the inclusion of reviews of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs. Prepositions are the glue that holds English together, but many students falter when using newly learned verbs because they do not know that a preposition is also required, or if they do, which one. This aspect of English is not given the attention it deserves because it is difficult to teach — there are no rules that govern when a preposition, or which preposition, is required, and no teacher likes to say "You just have to remember." The hope of the latter feature, the discussion of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs, is that combining practice with phrasal verbs and practice with a variety of grammatical structures will increase not only the student's confidence in the knowledge of phrasal verbs but also his or her willingness and ability to use them in a wider range of situations. There is inevitably a degree of oversimplification. That phrasal verb particles are sometimes prepositions and sometimes adverbs is mentioned only once. No purpose is served by differentiating between them, and the overlap between the two is confusing to the student. Phrasal verbs are not identified as transitive or intransitive because this is dictated by logic. Less common meanings of some phrasal verbs have not been included. Adverb placement is presented and illustrated in simplified form without discussion of the different types of adverbs — doing so would have gone beyond the scope of this textbook. iv THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Student And no differentiation is made between recognized adjectives derived from past participles and past participles with adjectival meaning. The adjectival use of past participles (both phrasal and nonphrasal) is an extremely important aspect of spoken English — something every student of English should be familiar with — yet the dividing line between true adjectives derived from past participles and passive sentences employing past participles with adjectival meanings is ill- defined and problematic. Native speakers of English regularly use past participles in superficially passive sentences with purely adjectival meaning. Whether the past participles are verbs or actually adjectives is of no concern to the native speaker and is entirely irrelevant to the student of English. Rather than distract the student with an unnecessary element of confusion, both are referred to as participle adjectives throughout this textbook. The exercises in this textbook are intended to reinforce meaning and mechanics. A cloze exercise always comes first, followed by exercises focusing on sentence structure and the FOCUS discussion. Last are exercises that ask the student to answer questions or write original sentences. There is a good deal of review built into this textbook. Every section contains two or more exercises requiring the student to refer back to a previous section in order to review a phrasal verb, participle adjective, or noun. When a phrasal verb has two or more meanings, it is intentional that no help is provided to the student in determining which meaning applies; students have to review them all and figure it out for themselves. I have tried in this textbook to imitate the form and content of everyday English. If occasionally the register and subject matter of some examples and exercises seem not quite right for formal discourse, that is deliberate. Students need to learn formal English, of course, but since most people speak informally most of the time, students need to gain familiarity with the syntax, usage, and content of the informal English they read and hear every day at work, at school, at home, and on television. TO THE STUDENT Phrasal verbs are combinations of ordinary verbs like put, take, come, and go and particles like in, out, on, and off. They are a very important part of everyday English. Every student of English needs a basic understanding of the most common phrasal verbs and also of common nouns and adjectives made from phrasal verbs. Most phrasal verbs are nor informal, slang, or improper for educated speech or formal writing. Exactly the opposite is true — most phrasal verbs are acceptable at all levels of spoken or written English. In fact, for many of the phrasal verbs in this textbook, there is no alternative to the phrasal verb — there is no other way to say it. v . Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb bade / 194 27. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle off and the Adverb right I 202 28. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 210 29. Phrasal Verbs. Phrasal Verbs with Gerund Objects, 1 / 116 17. Adverbs and Phrasal Verbs / 125 18. Phrasal Verbs and can, could, will, and would / 133 19. Phrasal Verbs