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Chapter 19 - Principles of asepsis. Our bodies are amazing structures that defend us against infections under normal circumstances. As you read this chapter you will learn about disease-causing microorganisms, how the body defends itself against infections, and ways that infections might occur.
PowerPoint® to accompany Medical Assisting Chapter 19 Second Edition Ramutkowski Booth Pugh Thompson Whicker Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Permission required for reproduction or display Principles of Asepsis Objectives 191 Explain the historical background of infectious disease prevention 192 Identify the types of microorganisms that cause disease 193 Explain the disease process 194 Explain how the body’s defenses protect against infection 195 Describe the cycle of infection Principles of Asepsis Objectives (cont.) 196 Identify and describe the various methods of disease transmission 197 Explain how you can break the cycle of infection 198 Compare and contrast medical and surgical asepsis 199 Describe how to perform aseptic hand washing Principles of Asepsis Objectives (cont.) 1910 Define Bloodborne Pathogens Standards and Universal Precautions as described by the rules and regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 1911 Explain the role of Universal Precautions in the duties of the medical assistant Principles of Asepsis Objectives (cont.) 1912 List the procedures and legal requirements for disposing of hazardous waste 1913 Explain how to educate patients in preventing disease transmission Introduction Our bodies are amazing structures that defend us against infections under normal circumstances You will learn: About disease causing microorganisms How the body fights against disease Ways infections occur You can be instrumental in helping to break the cycle of infection by practicing asepsis in the office and educating patients in the prevention of disease transmission History of Infectious Disease Prevention Hippocrates – first attempt to prevent infection. He believed: Environment and natural forces play an important part in role of disease and health Simple treatments, using strong drugs and surgery only as a last resort Joseph Lister Discovered how to use chemical antiseptics to control surgery related infections Used antiseptics to disinfect surgical equipment and supplies Microorganisms are simple forms of life commonly made up of a single cell only seen with a microscope Holmes and Semmelweis Holmes Demonstrated that puerperal fever was carried from patient to patient by doctors Semmelweis Also concluded puerperal fever was a communicable disease Microorganisms Microorganisms live all around us Viruses – smallest infectious agent Viruses Bacteria – single celled reproduced quickly Bacteria Protozoans – single celled found in soil Protozoans (most do not cause disease) Fungi – complex cell structure (most do not Fungi cause disease) Parasites – cause disease Parasites 10 Universal Precautions Use universal blood and body fluid precautions for: Blood and blood products Human tissue Semen and vaginal secretions Saliva from dental procedures Cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural and other body fluids 34 Standard Precautions Combination of Universal Precautions and rules to reduce the risk of disease transmission Applies to: Blood All body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat Nonintact skin Mucous membrane 35 OSHA Routine Safeguards Category I Tasks: Those that expose a worker to blood, body fluids, or tissue or those that have a chance of spills or splashes. (Always were specific protective measures) Category II Tasks: Do not usually involve risk of exposure Category III Tasks: Do not require special protection 36 Personal Protective Equipment Employers must provide personal protective equipment (PPE) at no charge to the employee Disposable, sterile, exam & utility gloves Masks and protective eyewear or face shields Protective clothing 37 Postprocedure Cleanup OSHA required steps: Decontaminate all exposed surfaces Replace protective coverings on surfaces or equipment Decontaminate receptacles Pick up any broken glass with tongs Discard all potentially infectious waste materials 38 Apply Your Knowledge The physician is going to remove a small growth from your patient’s back. In order to prepare for this procedure what steps would you take to prevent the spread of infection? 39 Apply Your Knowledge Answer The physician is going to remove a small growth from your patient’s back. In order to prepare for this procedure what steps would you take to prevent the spread of infection? Use medical asepsis while preparing the patient and then use surgical asepsis during the procedure. Follow all CDC and OSHA rules for the prevention of infection and disease 40 Exposure Incidents A worker has reason to believe that he has come in contact with a substance that may transmit infection Notify physician or employer Employer must offer free medical evaluation Testing for HBV if not immunized Postexposure evaluation with written report 41 Educating Patients Stress basic principles of hygiene and disease prevention Handwashing Daily hygiene Use tissues when coughing or sneezing Routinely disinfect rooms at home 42 Educating Patients (cont.) You will teach patient about: You will teach patient about: Nutrition and diet Exercise and weight control Prevention of sexually transmitted disease Smoking cessation Proper use of medications Stress reduction techniques 43 Your Role in Patient Education Remember the following factors when providing education: Psychological and lifestyle factors Patient’s age and family circumstances Disease and disorders Patient’s psychological condition Remind patient to eat healthfully 44 Apply Your Knowledge What is the first step to take after you have been stuck with a bloodtinged needle? 45 Apply Your Knowledge Answer What is the first step to take after you have been stuck with a bloodtinged needle? Notify the physician or employer 46 Summary Medical Assistant You must follow federal regulations related to infection control and asepsis You need to know the how pathogens cause disease, how disease is transmitted and how to prevent the spread of infection 47 End of Chapter 48 ... Explain how you can break the cycle of infection 19 8 Compare and contrast medical and surgical asepsis 19 9 Describe how to perform aseptic hand washing Principles of Asepsis Objectives (cont.) 19 10 Define Bloodborne Pathogens Standards and ... Explain how the body’s defenses protect against infection 19 5 Describe the cycle of infection Principles of Asepsis Objectives (cont.) 19 6 Identify and describe the various methods of disease transmission 19 7 Explain how you can break the cycle of infection...Principles of Asepsis Objectives 19 1 Explain the historical background of infectious disease prevention 19 2 Identify the types of microorganisms that cause disease 19 3 Explain the disease process 19 4 Explain how the body’s defenses protect against