Green Initiatives for Business Sustainability and Value Creation Arun Kumar Paul Xavier University, India Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya Xavier University, India Sandip Anand Xavier University, India A volume in the Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage (ABSCA) Book Series Published in the United States of America by IGI Global Business Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E Chocolate Avenue Hershey PA, USA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: cust@igi-global.com Web site: http://www.igi-global.com Copyright © 2018 by IGI Global All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Paul, Arun Kumar, 1964- editor | Bhattacharyya, Dipak Kumar, editor | Anand, Sandip, 1976- editor Title: Green initiatives for business sustainability and value creation / Arun Kumar Paul, Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya, and Sandip Anand, editors Description: Hershey, PA : Business Science Reference, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index Identifiers: LCCN 2017008220| ISBN 9781522526629 (h/c) | ISBN 9781522526636 (eISBN) Subjects: LCSH: Management Environmental aspects Classification: LCC HD30.255 G738 2018 | DDC 658.4/083 dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017008220 This book is published in the IGI Global book series Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage (ABSCA) (ISSN: 2327-3429; eISSN: 2327-3437) British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material The views expressed in this book are those of the authors, but not necessarily of the publisher For electronic access to this publication, please contact: eresources@igi-global.com. Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage (ABSCA) Book Series Patricia Ordóđez de Pablos Universidad de Oviedo, Spain ISSN:2327-3429 EISSN:2327-3437 Mission Business entities are constantly seeking new ways through which to gain advantage over their competitors and strengthen their position within the business environment With competition at an all-time high due to technological advancements allowing for competition on a global scale, firms continue to seek new ways through which to improve and strengthen their business processes, procedures, and profitability The Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage (ABSCA) Book Series is a timely series responding to the high demand for state-of-the-art research on how business strategies are created, implemented and re-designed to meet the demands of globalized competitive markets With a focus on local and global challenges, business opportunities and the needs of society, the ABSCA encourages scientific discourse on 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East Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, PA 17033, USA Tel: 717-533-8845 x100 • Fax: 717-533-8661 E-Mail: cust@igi-global.com • www.igi-global.com Table of Contents Preface xii Chapter Environmental Sustainability Practices for SMEs Gurudas Nulkar, HRD, India Chapter Meaning of Green for 3PL Companies 21 Pervin Ersoy, Yaşar University, Turkey Chapter A Temporal Case Study of Green Business Initiatives of a Leading Firm in the Indian Hydrocarbon Industry 45 Kamalika Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, India Nishant K Verma, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, India Chapter Internationalization of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: A Study on Export Performance Using Structural Model 70 Srikant Panigrahy, Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneswar, India Prahlad Mishra Professor, Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneswar, India B P Patra, Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneswar, India Chapter Sustainability Evaluation of Green Urban Logistics Systems: Literature Overview and Proposed Framework 103 Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu, Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France Chapter A Case of Kumbh Mela at Allahabad: Learning for Urban Space Management and the BoP Market 135 Sandip Anand, Xavier University, India   Chapter HR Mediated Reverse Innovation: A Study on Two MNCs in India 150 Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya, Xavier University, India Chapter Explicating Green Biofuel Policy Across Indian States 164 Satyendra Nath Mishra, Xavier University, India Chapter Sustainable Value Enhancement in Closed Loop Supply Networks 182 Arun Kumar Paul, Xavier University, India Chapter 10 Enterprise Integrated Business Process Management and Business Intelligence Framework for Business Process Sustainability 228 Gaurav Kabra, Xavier University, India Vinit Ghosh, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India A Ramesh, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India Chapter 11 Determinants of Sustainable Consumption Behaviour: Review and Conceptual Framework 239 Yatish Joshi, Independent Researcher, India Zillur Rahman, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India Compilation of References 263 About the Contributors 301 Index 303 Detailed Table of Contents Preface xii Chapter Environmental Sustainability Practices for SMEs Gurudas Nulkar, HRD, India The rate and scale of environmental degradation, through economic activities, has triggered widespread awakening among businesses, governments and civil society The world over, corporations have responded by adopting sustainability practices and reporting However, much of these happen within the premises of the corporations As larger organizations outsource their manufacturing and service operations to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), they effectively shift their environmental burden on their vendors In most developing countries, poor regulations and weak enforcement of environment laws leave the SMEs on their own, to improve their environmental practices However, their limited resources and managerial capabilities are often inadequate to undertake sustainability practices This chapter presents the findings of a research conducted among engineering SMEs in India It proposes a lifecycle approach towards environmental practices and discusses potential business benefits and value creation from this The chapter gives a roadmap for green business strategies, which SMEs can implement within their organization Chapter Meaning of Green for 3PL Companies 21 Pervin Ersoy, Yaşar University, Turkey In today’s competitive environment managing green, becoming environmentally friendly and sustainable has become main topic for all industries and companies Therefore, in this chapter it will be addressed how green logistics solutions and practices can help companies to increase their performance with specific practices, cases and results from Turkey’s 3PL service providers’ side This chapter will discuss why being green is important for 3PL companies and the benefits of being green from the business and environment side with current data and real life examples The main purpose of this chapter is to shed light on green performance indicators and to identify benefits of being green for 3PL companies in Turkey   Chapter A Temporal Case Study of Green Business Initiatives of a Leading Firm in the Indian Hydrocarbon Industry 45 Kamalika Chakraborty, Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, India Nishant K Verma, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, India The effective functioning of modern business in the current day and age is incomplete without taking into consideration its extended impact on society and environment In this respect companies need to continuously revisit and analyse their green initiatives to keep them relevant and contribute positively to the global cause This book chapter provides a capable framework for organizations to conduct temporal analysis of their green initiatives and enable them to reflect on their current positions and strategize their future course of actions Further, we analyse the green initiatives of the Indian Hydrocarbon Industry leader: Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) and trace its green journey across defined time periods thereby depicting the use of the developed framework in addressing the gap of temporal analysis in the literature Chapter Internationalization of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry: A Study on Export Performance Using Structural Model 70 Srikant Panigrahy, Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneswar, India Prahlad Mishra Professor, Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneswar, India B P Patra, Xavier Institute of Management Bhubaneswar, India Focusing on internationalization process of firms of developing countries, the present study attempts to identify the important determinants/ variables which affect the Indian pharma firms’ export performance A causal model was built using contingency theory perspective by including important external variables, internal variables, export strategy and export performance affecting Indian pharma firms and was tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method The finding of this study support the conceptual model build using contingency framework and contributes both to export performance researchers for building further the theory and Indian pharma industry to focus on important determinants for export success Chapter Sustainability Evaluation of Green Urban Logistics Systems: Literature Overview and Proposed Framework 103 Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu, Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France This paper aims to propose a systemic vision of literature on sustainable urban logistics assessment and evaluation Although non-extensive, this overview pretends lack of unification in the subject of assessing and evaluating the impacts of green urban logistics systems, and, through the proposal of a general assessment and evaluation framework, the steps done and being in course towards standards on this field First, an overview of the research in urban logistics is provided, after what the main visions of sustainable development and their derived issues for urban logistics assessment and evaluation are presented Then, a framework to assess and evaluate green urban logistics systems via scenario comparison is proposed This framework aims to propose a methodological framework to use and combine existing methods to assess scenarios, and not a “black-box” model of software ready to use This is done to make synergies  between existing methods, and to show that, although they remain at an initial stage, steps on the way of defining standards are made After that, the main applicability and application issues of the proposed methodological framework are addressed, showing those principles of standard from the literature Finally, and to conclude, future developments on urban logistics research are proposed Chapter A Case of Kumbh Mela at Allahabad: Learning for Urban Space Management and the BoP Market 135 Sandip Anand, Xavier University, India Management of mega events like Kumbh Mela, rests on the involvement of communities and local authorities who have rich learning heritage with them Using Kumbh Mela as a case, this chapter highlights the role of various factors which are important for urban pace management Understanding of the market at Kumbh Mela offers insights related to the BoP market The chapter has following key inquiries: a) What kind of space was the Magh/Kumbh Mela? What kind of economic activities happened? b) What was the value system? c) What were the things being communicated? What were the things being remembered by them? This chapter uses exploratory research methodologies Towards the end of the chapter, findings and its implications have been discussed Chapter HR Mediated Reverse Innovation: A Study on Two MNCs in India 150 Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya, Xavier University, India This book chapter at the outset explains the concept of reverse innovation, through literature review and review of the practices in different organizations The chapter then examines the reverse innovation initiatives for business sustainability and value creation of two multinationals in India; one in manufacturing and the other one is in processing (chemical) The chapter then assesses how these two organizations could achieve success, and to what extent such success can be attributed to their sustainable human resource management (HRM) practices Through critical review of HRM practices, the study documents the best HRM practices, and concludes how multinationals in developing countries can emulate such practices for achieving results in reverse innovation for business sustainability and value creation Chapter Explicating Green Biofuel Policy Across Indian States 164 Satyendra Nath Mishra, Xavier University, India In 2003 Government of India envisioned Biofuel Policy to generate [un]skilled employment opportunities, address environmental issues, alternative for petroleum fuel and utilization of wasteland in rural areas The biofuel programme took varied shape across India with focus on social, economic and political priorities of implementing states having varying focus like decentralized development, priority for local use of resources, allocation of wasteland and generating local employment It was observed that existing policy guidelines, land allocation processes and fund allocation channels were not able to address the challenges came with the emergence of different institutional arrangements across different states of India The mismatch to address the specific challenges for emerging institutions created fissure between state and its citizens, and potential withdrawal of private players Compilation of References Ramírez, A M., & Morales, V J G (2011) Effect of reverse logistics and flexibility on organizational performance Economics and Management, 16, 874–881 Ramírez, A M., Morales, V J G., & Bendito, V F (2011) the influence of environment and green logistics: Towards good corporate practices in Europe Economics and Management, 16, 589–596 Rangan, V K., Chau, M., & And Petkoski, D (2011) Segmenting the base of the pyramid Harvard Business Review, (June): 113–117 Rao, P (2007) Greening of the supply chain: An empirical study for SMEs in the Philippine context Journal of Asia Business Studies, 1(2), 55–66 doi:10.1108/15587890780001296 doi:10.1108/15587890780001296 Rao, P., & Holt, D (2005) Do green supply chains lead to competitiveness and economic performance? 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“An investigation into coping by NGOs in Third  About the Contributors World countries.” Her areas of interest include Strategy as Practice, Postcolonial Studies in Management, Critical Management Studies, Social Entrepreneurship She has worked as a Process Engineer at Indian Oil Corporation Limited for three years Her work has been published in the journal “Critical Perspectives in International Business” (CPIB) Pervin Ersoy received her bachelor’s degree in Statistics from Ege University in 2008 Ersoy received her Master Degree in International Trade and Finance in 2010 by Yaşar University where she began working as a Research Assistant in 2011 Furthermore, she also received her PhD degree from the Dokuz Eylül University in the Department of Business Administration in 2014, with a thesis on “Risk Management Strategies at Supply Chain” During the PhD, she participated Zaragoza Logistics Center- PhD Summer Academy and took some Logistics courses She continues to work for Yaşar University, Department of International Logistics Management as a lecturer Her research interests include risk management strategies at supply chain, risk management, strategic logistics planning, event logistics, green logistics and disaster and relief logistics She has published in international peer–reviewed journals and full papers that were published and presented in the proceedings of the National and International Conferences Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu is associate professor in Industrial Engineering at Institut Henri Fayol of the Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne and member of the UMR 5600 “Environment, City and Society” He obtained the French Habilitation to Direct Researches and PhD Theses in Economic Sciences in 2016 He holds a PhD in Computers and Systems Engineering obtained in 2008 at Politecnico di Torino, Italy His PhD subject was multi-echelon urban freight transport optimization for city logistics, mainly 2EVRP He also holds a MSc in Sustainable Transport and Mobility Planning, of Politecnico di Torino/ Università di Torino (Italy) obtained in 2005 and a MSc in Civil and Urban Engineering of INSA-Lyon (France), obtained in 2003 Before his current position, he has been post-doctoral fellow then research engineer the Laboratory of Transport Economics, CNRS, Lyon His main research focuses on the interaction between supply and demand for urban goods transport, group decision support, evaluation, assessment and viability of sustainable urban logistics He is co-editor of a reference book in Sustainable Urban Logistics and author of more of 50 peer review journal papers, more than 20 book chapters and more than 70 communications in national and international conferences Nishant Kumar Verma is a faculty member at Indian Institute of Management Bangalore He is also a Fellow of the Indian Institute of Management Calcutta He holds a B E degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi His doctoral research includes the analysis of various flexibility issues in supply chains This includes the study of flexible replenishment policies in the context of Vendor Managed Inventory and the flexibility requirements of manufacturing firms in general and manufacturing start-ups in particular His other research interests include ‘Event Studies in Operations Management’ and issues in Supply Chain Management His works have been published in journals such as European Journal of Operational Research (EJOR) and Computers and Industrial Engineering (C&IE) 302 303 Index 3PL 21, 26-27, 36 E A Ekol Logistics 27-28 electronic equipment 183-184, 194, 197 emission reduction 26, 31, 36, 40, 56, 60, 244 environmental hazards 229 environmental issues 21-23, 36, 49-50, 135, 164, 186, 197, 244, 251 environmental management 2-6, 8, 12, 15, 25-26, 30, 32, 48, 50, 58, 108, 193 environmentally friendly 21-24, 28, 35, 184, 195-196, 198, 240-241 environmentally friendly vehicles 24, 28 EOQ 182, 186, 198-199, 208, 210, 217 EPQ 182, 186, 198-199, 208, 210, 217 European countries 103 Absorptive capacity 79, 92 attitude - behaviour gap 240 attitude-behaviour inconsistency 241, 252 B biofuel 164-173, 176-177 Business Intelligence 228-229, 231 business practices 2-3, 18, 46, 64-65, 151, 184 Business Process Management 228-230, 232 C carbon dioxide 21-22, 28-30, 38-39, 41, 60 carbon emission 26-27, 29, 34, 36, 40 carbon emissions 21, 26-29, 31, 34, 36-38 citizens 55, 135, 139, 164 city planners 103, 115 clean technologies 2, 11 climate change 30, 37, 40-41, 56, 60, 239 CO2 emissions 38-41 competitive advantage 3-5, 9, 19, 22, 26, 48-49, 51, 92, 152, 163, 183, 229-230 conceptual framework 5, 46, 50-51, 62-65, 76, 229-230, 232, 235-236, 239-241, 252, 254 consumers 18, 24-25, 37, 135, 137-139, 153, 188-189, 194, 196, 198, 239-245, 251-254 consumption 1-2, 8, 11-12, 15, 17, 25-26, 28-31, 37, 39-40, 52, 55, 57, 105, 137-138, 183-184, 188, 234, 239-245, 251-254 D decision making 49, 71, 75, 112, 138, 158, 182, 186, 218-219, 243 Disruptive Innovation 152, 162 F Fair consumption 240 forest land 167-169, 171 fuel consumption 26, 29-31, 37, 39-40, 55 G Global Job Rotation 155, 162 global warming 40, 229 glocalization 152, 154, 162 Green Activities 6, 15 green business practices 2-3 green consumption 240, 242 green initiatives 45-48, 50-52, 54, 58, 61-65 green logistics 21-22, 26-29, 34-35, 37 green logistics solutions 21, 26-27, 37 green supply chain 22-26, 48 Green supply-chain management (GrSCM) 193 greenhouse gas 22, 31, 37-38, 40, 56, 60, 111 greenhouse gas emissions 31, 37-38, 40, 56, 60, 111   Index H human resource management (HRM) 150-152, 155, 157-160 hydrocarbon industry 45-46, 52, 54, 62 I India 1-5, 14-16, 52-57, 60-61, 71, 74, 77, 81, 94, 136138, 143, 146, 150, 152-160, 164-166, 169-170, 172-173, 195 Indian pharma firms 70-71, 73, 93 Information and Communication Technology 228 institution 15, 171, 173, 176-177 inter-organizational co-operation 151 polar ice melt policy 2-3, 6, 13, 15, 17, 27, 49, 52, 54-55, 58, 61-62, 71, 75, 77, 79, 93, 106, 138, 159, 164-167, 169, 171, 173, 176, 182, 188, 194, 217, 254 Q qualification criteria 2, quantitative modeling 196, 219 quantitative models 182, 186, 196, 198 R reverse innovation 150, 152-160, 162-163 root-cause analysis 232, 235 J S jatropha 57, 164-173, 176 jatropha plantation 166-171, 173, 176 scenario assessment 104, 110, 115, 122-123 social costs 229 supply chain management 22-24, 26, 48, 183, 198 supply chains 2-5, 23-24, 38, 182-184, 188-189, 191, 198 sustainability 1-2, 17, 21-22, 24, 27-28, 30-31, 34-35, 39, 46, 48, 54-55, 57-58, 61, 71, 103-104, 106112, 115, 122-123, 137, 144, 150-151, 154, 158, 184-185, 228-236, 239-242, 254 sustainability evaluation 103, 115 sustainable competitive advantage 22, 26, 152, 163, 183, 230 sustainable consumption 239-245, 251-254 sustainable HRM 150-151, 159 sustainable urban logistics 103, 108, 110, 112 L Lean Innovation 154, 162 life cycle 5-6, 11, 111, 123, 154, 162, 183-184, 188189, 240 lower costs 3-4, 10 M management systems 2, 12, 26, 33-34 marketing strategy 71-72, 74, 81, 86, 91-93 Mars Logistics 27, 34 micro-economic theories 229 Micromarketing 154, 162 Mother Nature 229 Multiple Career Path Options 163 N natural calamities natural resource 23, 32, 37, 194 U urban goods transport 103-106, 112-115, 118-123 urban logistics 103-112, 115, 119, 122-123 urban logistics systems 103-106, 109, 122-123 Urban Space Management 135 V O Value-Adding Innovations 158, 163 OMSAN Logistics 27, 33 organizational resources 229 W P pharmaceutical industry 70-72 304 wasteland 164-171, 173, 176-177 ... Kumar, editor | Anand, Sandip, 1976- editor Title: Green initiatives for business sustainability and value creation / Arun Kumar Paul, Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya, and Sandip Anand, editors Description:.. .Green Initiatives for Business Sustainability and Value Creation Arun Kumar Paul Xavier University, India Dipak Kumar Bhattacharyya Xavier University, India Sandip Anand Xavier University,... Environmental Sustainability Practices for SMEs The objective of this chapter is to help SMEs understand the benefits of green business practices and offer them a simple framework for greening their businesses