K C A L B A R N E I P IG PA O R PAOLO DI MARTINO is Senior Lecturer in International Business History at the Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham ANDREW POPP is Professor of Business History at the University of Liverpool PETER SCOTT is Professor of International Business History at the University of Reading’s Henley Business School COVER IMAGE: Celebrations of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1897, at a workshop of W H Wilmot Ltd, 62-64 Albion Street, in Birmingham’s Jewellery Quarter Ownership Talbots and image of Pickering and Mayell PEOPLE, PL ACES AND BUSINESS CULTURES This collection brings together new research into nineteenthand twentieth-century British and European economic history, socio-cultural history and business history It is inspired by the work and legacy of Francesca Carnevali who, throughout her career, encouraged a lively dialogue between these different disciplines The book offers innovative views and perspectives on key debates and emphasises the connections between economic environments and wider social and cultural elements It also considers methodological issues and emerging approaches in economic history Topics include banks and business finance in the nineteenth century, mass-market retailing and class demarcations, economic microhistory, and comparative history and capitalism Economic, business, social and cultural historians alike will find it of interest EDITED BY DI MARTINO, POPP, SCOT T EDITED BY PAOLO DI MARTINO ANDREW POPP AND PETER SCOT T PEOPLE, PLACES AND BUSINESS CULTURES Essays in Honour of Francesca Carnevali People, Markets, Goods: Economies and Societies in History Volume People, Places and Business Cultures 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm People, Markets, Goods: Economies and Societies in History ISSN: 2051-7467 Series editors Barry Doyle – University of Huddersfield Nigel Goose – University of Hertfordshire Steve Hindle – The Huntington Library Jane Humphries – University of Oxford Willem M Jongman – University of Groningen The interactions of economy and society, people and goods, transactions and actions are at the root of most human behaviours Economic and social historians are participants in the same conversation about how markets have developed historically and how they have been constituted by economic actors and agencies in various social, institutional and geographical contexts New debates now underpin much research in economic and social, cultural, demographic, urban and political history Their themes have enduring resonance – financial stability and instability, the costs of health and welfare, the implications of poverty and riches, flows of trade and the centrality of communications This paperback series aims to attract historians interested in economics and economists with an interest in history by publishing high quality, cutting edge academic research in the broad field of economic and social history from the late medieval/ early modern period to the present day It encourages the interaction of qualitative and quantitative methods through both excellent monographs and collections offering path-breaking overviews of key research concerns Taking as its benchmark international relevance and excellence it is open to scholars and subjects of any geographical areas from the case study to the multi-nation comparison Previously published titles in the series are listed at the end of the volume 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm People, Places and Business Cultures Essays in Honour of Francesca Carnevali Edited by Paolo Di Martino, Andrew Popp and Peter Scott tHe boydell Press 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm © Contributors 2017 All Rights Reserved Except as permitted under current legislation no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner First published 2017 The Boydell Press, Woodbridge ISBN 978-1-78327-212-9 The Boydell Press is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK and of Boydell & Brewer Inc 668 Mt Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620–2731, USA website: www.boydellandbrewer.com A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The publisher has no responsibility for the continued existence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate This publication is printed on acid-free paper Typeset by BBR, Sheffield 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm To the memory of Francesca Carnevali, 1964–2013 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm Contents ix x xi xiv List of Illustrations  List of Tables  List of Contributors  Acknowledgements  PART I INTRODUCTION Editors’ Introduction: Economic History ‘As If People Mattered’  Paolo Di Martino, Peter Scott and Andrew Popp Politics, Society, and Culture in the World of Production: Some Reflections on Francesca Carnevali’s Legacy  Paolo Di Martino 13 PART II BETWEEN ECONOMICS AND CULTURE: EXPLAINING BUSINESS PRACTICES IN THEIR HISTORICAL CONTEXT Custom and Spectacle: The Public Staging of Business Life  Andrew Popp 29 The Political Economy of Financing Italian Small Businesses, 1950–1990s  Alberto Rinaldi and Anna Spadavecchia 55 Banks and Business Finance in Britain Before 1914: A Comparative Evaluation  Leslie Hannah 75 Large-Scale Retailing, Mass-Market Strategies and the Blurring of Class Demarcations in Interwar Britain  Peter Scott and James T Walker 99 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm viiiCONTENTS ‘Made in England’: Making and Selling the Piano, 1851–1914  Lucy Newton (with Francesca Carnevali) 127 PART III MAKING PEOPLE MATTER: EMERGING APPROACHES IN ECONOMIC HISTORY Twentieth-Century British History: Perspectives, Trajectories and Some Thoughts on a Revised Textbook  Matthew Hilton 155 From Social Capital to Social Assemblage  Kenneth Lipartito 177 Economic History and Microhistory  Chris Wickham 193 Europe’s Difference and Comparative History: Searching for European Capitalism  Andrea Colli 201 PART IV CONCLUSIONS Editors’ Conclusion  Paolo Di Martino, Peter Scott and Andrew Popp 223 Appendix: Francesca Carnevali – Full List of Publications  231 Bibliography  Index  Tabula in Memoriam  233 260 267 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm Illustrations 1.1 Postcard of the Liverpool Exchange, 1904 Courtesy of Guy Atkins  31 4.1 Boots’ appeal to the classes and the masses Courtesy of Boots plc Archives, Beeston  105 4.2 Open merchandise display at Marks & Spencer in 1930 Courtesy of Marks & Spencer Company Archive, Leeds  107 5.1 D’Almaine’s Pianoforte Manufactory (Thomas Hosmer Shepherd, c.1835) © Museum of London  140 2284 (Boydell - 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Business Cultures).indd 259 10/02/2017 12:27 pm Index 20th Century Britain: Economic, Cultural, and Social Change ​8–9, 21, 155–75 passim Affluence ​9, 172 Albert, Michel ​204 Alexandra Magazine, The ​132 Amatori, Franco ​207 American economy ​6, 23, 130 Annales ​194, 195, 196, 197 Anthropology ​32, 194, 196, 204 Archival sources, importance of in historical methodology ​225, 226 See also Microhistory Army & Navy Stores ​132, 136 Artigiancassa ​6, 69–74 passim Artisan firms ​6, 57, 60, 61, 69–74 passim Asymmetric information ​56, 73 Atlantic Ocean ​37 Autolycus ​181 Baker, Bruce ​36, 40, 42 Balfour, Harold ​114 Banca Commerciale Italiana ​64 Banca d’America e d’Italia ​66 Banco di Roma ​64 Bank of England ​89 Bank of Ireland ​89 Bank of Italy (Banca d’Italia) ​6, 57, 59, 74 Bank–industry relationships ​4, 16, 75–96 passim, 225 Banks ​4–7, 75–95 passim See also Finance, corporate American banks ​79–95 passim Bad debt ratios ​77 British banks Cartel arrangement ​17, 76, 80 Centralised lending model ​76 Concentration ​76 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 260 Conservatism ​82 Lending to new firms ​82 Failure rates ​83–4 French banks ​84–5, 88 German banks ​84–95 passim Italian banks ​17, 55–74 passim, 75 Japanese banks ​87 Merchant banks ​84 Overseas banks ​84 Oxford’s banks ​79–83 Savings banks ​80 Barclays Bank ​75, 77, 79, 83, 95 Barings Bank ​89 Bentall’s of Kingston ​118 Berg, Maxine ​128 Big business (corporations) ​10–11, 17–18, 56, 58, 60, 67, 177, 203–20 passim Big Business and the Wealth of Nations ​ 206 Billinge’s Advertiser ​44 Binns of Sunderland ​104 Birmingham jewellery industry (jewellery quarter) ​9, 19, 20, 22, 190, 197, 226 BMW ​83 Bois, Guy ​200 Boot, Florence ​118 Boot, Jesse ​118, 120, 123 Boot, John ​123 Boots the Chemists ​7, 102, 104–5, 108, 110, 118, 120, 123–4 Bourdieu, Pierre ​11, 195 British Home Stores ​7, 110 Broadberry, Stephen ​26, 90, 131 Broadwood family ​147–9 Evelyn ​148 James Henry Shudi ​149 James Shudi ​147 John ​147 Thomas ​147 Thomas junior ​149 10/02/2017 12:27 pm INDEX261 Walter Stewart ​149 Broderip, Francis ​149 Brooke, Stephen ​159 Brown, Callum ​163 Brunner Mond ​95 Burke, Peter ​37 Business history ​3, 4, 5, 13, 21, 25, 33, 47, 53, 202, 204, 206, 207, 208, 213, 219, 226 Business History ​201, 202 Byrne, Paul ​165 Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure ​223–4 Cameron, Rondo ​74 Capie, Forrest ​82 Capital markets ​15, 55, 63, 76, 78, 80, 87–9, 91, 95, 201, 219 Capitalism ​10–11, 23, 32, 35, 36, 53, 58, 183, 201–19 passim Capitalisme contre capitalism ​203–4 Carnevali, Francesca ​3–12 passim, 13–26 passim, 32, 33, 34, 52, 53, 55, 56, 73, 74, 75–6, 89, 99, 124, 127–8, 130, 138, 151, 155, 156, 157, 160, 166, 172, 173, 178, 185, 190, 197, 198, 200, 201, 223–9 passim Cassis, Youssef ​207 Cerutti, Simona ​194 Chandler, Alfred ​78, 91, 205, 206, 207, 216 Channon, Derek ​206 Chavs ​161 Chicago Board of Trade ​35–6, 47, 53 Chitham, Frank ​100, 116, 121 Class ​7–8, 22, 33, 47, 48, 53, 59, 60, 61, 72, 73, 99–125 passim, 132, 133, 134, 136, 139, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162 Classes and Cultures ​158 Cliometrics See New economic history Co-operative Wholesale Society ​103, 113 Coase, Ronald ​33, 177 Cole, W A. ​224 Collard, Francis William ​149 Colli, Andrea ​xi, 10–12, 58 Comparative history ​8, 10, 201, 203 Conservative Party ​56, 76, 114 Consumer credit ​100, 103, 133 Consumption ​5, 8, 11, 12, 21, 22, 24, 25, 99–125 passim, 128, 132, 162, 172, 218, 227–8 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 261 Cotton Brokers ​29, 32, 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 46, 51, 53 Brokers’ Association ​39, 40 Broking ​37–8, 42, 43 Market ​32 Rooms ​30 Crafts, Nicholas ​90, 91, 93 Credit Lyonnais ​94 Credito Italiano ​64 Crooked Line, A ​156 Cultural history ​9, 23, 156, 166–7, 170, 178, 191, 195 Customs See Sociology, Social beliefs Cyclopedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures ​141 Daunton, Martin ​163 David, Paul ​224 Davies, Andrew ​162 Davis, Lance E. ​226 Davis, Natalie Zemon ​195, 196 De Vries, Jan ​128 Deane, Phyllis ​224 Death of Christian Britain, The ​163 Debenhams ​107, 118 Deleuze, Gilles ​183 Design ​135, 148 Deutsche Bank ​94 Di Martino, Paolo ​xi Distribution ​4–5, 7–8, 11, 17, 21–5 passim, 57, 90, 99–125 passim, 227, 228 See also Retailing Dobbs, W C. ​149 Dolge, Alfred ​147 Drage, Benjamin ​105 Drage’s Ltd ​7, 105–6 Driscoll, Jimmy ​118 Dumbell, Stanley ​38, 40, 47 Dyas, Gareth ​206 Dyer, Christopher ​199, 200 Eagle Insurance ​83 Economic history ​3, 4, 9–10, 226, 228–9 See also New economic history Importance of a multi-disciplinary perspective ​227 Economic History Review ​20, 21, 33, 157, 228 Economic sociology See Sociology Education ​7, 100, 125, 159, 161 10/02/2017 12:27 pm 262INDEX Ehrlich, Cyril ​134, 149 Eley, Geoff ​156–7, 173 Ellison, Thomas ​38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48 Empire ​38, 157, 168–9, 172 Englishwoman’s Domestic Magazine, The ​ 132 Entertainment (cinema, leisure, sport) ​7, 33, 38, 42, 101–4 passim, 108, 116–17, 118, 119, 121, 123, 125, 133, 137, 158, 162, 186, 228 Entrepreneurship ​14, 22, 129, 217, 219 Europe’s Advantage ​16, 75, 201 Exhibitions ​133 Great Exhibition, 1851, London ​129, 132 Ideal Home Exhibition ​132 Furnisher and Decorator, The ​8, 132 Gaggio, Dario ​189 Geertz, Clifford ​194, 195 Gender ​13, 35, 117, 151, 160–5 passim Gentlemen capitalism (gentlemanly capitalism) ​15 Germany (German economy) ​6, 7, 14–18 passim, 54, 56, 73, 84, 85, 87, 91–4 passim, 96, 134, 142, 206–8, 212–13, 216 Gerschenkron, Alexander ​26, 209 Gillett, Arthur ​82–3 Gilletts Bank ​79, 81, 82 Ginzburg, Carlo ​193, 195 Glass-Steagall Act ​56 Globalisation ​6, 172, 203–4, 220 Goldberg, Jessica ​199, 200 Faide e parentele Lo stato genovese visto Goldman Sachs ​89 dalla Fontanabuona ​194 Granovetter, Mark ​20, 179 Familiarity of Strangers, The ​199 Great Britain Fashion ​99, 113, 117, 129, 135, 136, 228 Banking See Banks, British banks Fatherhood and the British Working Class ​ Economic decline, Industrial decline 160 (British malaise) ​4, 14–18 passim, Feinstein, Charles ​224 78, 130, 151 Fenwick’s of Newcastle ​104 London Stock Exchange ​87, 90, 95 Finance, corporate ​5–7, 58, 75–95 ‘Made in Britain’ ​8, 25, 172 passim, 201–2, 212, 216, 219 See also Manufacturing ​6, 8, 14–15, 25, 38, Banks 120, 123, 202, 211 New issues ​87–8 Greaves, Julian ​159 Non-bank lenders ​78, 80, 88–9 Greif, Avner ​179, 182, 199 Financial history ​5–7, 14, 224, 229 Grendi, Edoardo ​193, 198 Financial markets See Capital markets Grossman, Richard ​78 Financial services ​75–95 passim Guattari, Félix ​183 Mis-selling ​89 Guinnane, Timothy ​181 Firms Hahn, Barbara ​36, 40, 42 Family firm (family capitalism) ​ Hall, Nigel ​38–9 145–51, 201 Hall, Stuart ​169 Governance (ownership) ​10, 201–16 Hannah, Leslie ​xi, 6, 12, 17 passim Harrison, Brian ​158 Knowledge-based view ​139, 145 Harrods ​100, 116, 136, 137 Organisational structure ​216–17 Hearth and Home ​8, 132 passim Heath, C E. ​148 Fisher, Kate ​159 Hennessy, Peter ​158 Flexible specialisation ​138, 143, 150, 151 Heritage, John ​199 Ford, Henry ​82 Hicks, John ​76 Forty, Adrian ​128 Hikino, Takashi ​207 France (French economy) ​17, 18, 55–6, Hilton, Matthew ​xi, 8–9, 11 73, 84–5, 96, 134, 142, 206–8, 216 Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Frasers of Glasgow ​104 Television ​162 Freeman, Hardy & Willis ​101 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 262 10/02/2017 12:27 pm INDEX263 Hobsbawm, Eric ​157 Holt, George ​39 Household goods ​8, 128 See also Pianos Identity ​22–4 passim, 33, 41–2, 48, 53, 55, 170, 187–90 passim See also Class Il consumo di devozioni ​194 Il formaggio e i vermi ​194, 196 Imai, Masami ​78 Industrial districts (IDs) ​4–6, 8, 14, 16–20 passim, 24, 33–4, 42, 52, 128–31 passim, 138–45, 150, 190, 202, 225–8 See also Flexible specialisation Firm co-operation within ​144–5 Knowledge transfer ​139, 142, 145 Industrial welfare movement ​7–8, 100, 101, 120–4 Inequality ​95, 159, 170, 171 Innovative capabilities ​92–3 International Cotton Association ​29 Isaac, John R. ​29 Italy (Italian economy) ​5–6, 17, 18, 55–74 passim, 85, 96–7, 198, 199, 201, 206, 208, 209, 212, 214 Japan (Japanese economy) ​87, 135, 142, 204, 205, 206, 208, 214 Jewellery ​4, 5, 124, 172, 185–90 passim, 226 See also Birmingham jewellery industry; Providence, Rhode Island John Lewis Partnership ​121 Johnson, Dr ​177 Johnson, Paul ​7, 117 Jones, Geoffrey ​128 Jones, Max ​159 Jones, Owen ​161 Kennard’s of Croydon ​118 Kittner, Anita ​118 Krugman, Paul ​224 Kynaston, David ​158 L’eridatà immateriale ​194 Labour Party ​56, 159 Ladurie, Emmanuel Le Roy ​196 Landes, David ​91 Landscape for a Good Woman ​166 Larsson, Mats ​201 Latour, Bruno ​183 Lawrence, John ​159, 161 Legitimacy ​5, 12, 223 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 263 Levi, Giovanni ​193, 198 Lewis, John ​121 Lewis, John Spedan ​121 Lewis’s of Liverpool ​120 Liberalism ​94, 170–1 Lipartito, Kenneth ​xii, 12, 47 Lipton’s ​80, 101 Liverpool ​5, 29 Cotton Association ​31, 44, 45 Cotton Bank ​31, 45 Cotton Clearing House ​31, 45, 50 Exchange ​29, 30, 38, 43, 44, 46, 48, 51 Mercury ​29 Town Hall ​43 Living standards and welfare ​61, 99–125 passim, 229 Working hours ​101, 123 Loeb, Lori Anne ​128 London ​5, 6, 15, 22, 36, 38, 53, 79–95 passim, 104, 105, 121, 131, 132, 135–43 passim, 148, 151, 167, 172, 226 Luxury ​4, 14, 21–2, 24, 124, 225, 227, 228, 229 Macclesfield, Lord ​82 MacKenzie, Donald ​36 Madoff, Bernie ​181 Mäenpää, Sari ​39 Manchester ​39–40, 82, 118 Manufacturing Jeweler ​198 Marconi ​95 Market (the) ​4, 9, 11–12, 16–18 passim, 20, 33–54 passim, 55, 57, 58, 63, 73, 138, 157, 162, 171, 178–88 passim, 204, 205, 212, 223, 224 Marketing ​4, 5, 8, 11, 21, 24–5, 94, 105, 128, 130, 218, 225, 227 Marks, Simon ​108–9 Marks & Spencer ​7, 101, 107, 108–9, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 119, 121–2, 123, 224 Marshall, Alfred ​11, 34, 138–9, 142 Mason, Tony ​162 Mass distribution See Distribution Mass production See Production Matthews, R C O. ​224 Mayer, Michael ​207 Mazower, Mark ​167 McCloskey, Deirdre ​24 McKenzie, John ​168 McKibbin, Ross ​158 10/02/2017 12:27 pm 264INDEX Mediobanca ​66 Mersey, River ​37 Microhistorie ​194, 196 Microhistory ​9–10, 32, 131, 193–201 passim, 223–9 passim Midland Bank ​83 Military history ​160–82 passim Mills, Terence ​8, 91 Modern British history ​155–7 passim Montague Burton Ltd ​7, 108, 113, 119, 120, 123–4 Montaillou ​196 Morris, William ​82–3, 95 Morris Motors ​83, 95 Multinationals (multinational company) ​ 6, 93, 218–19 Munster and Leinster Bank ​89 NEMJSA ​52, 185–90, 197 Neoclassical economics ​3, 4, 178, 224, 225, 228 New economic history ​3, 4–5, 10, 224, 226–8 New institutional economics ​22–3, 186, 198, 227 See also Coase, Ronald; Williamson, Oliver Bounded rationality ​23 Moral hazard ​78 Opportunism ​4, 23, 190, 225, 227–8 New Orleans ​42 New York ​41, 79, 82, 84 Newton, Lucy ​xii, 8, 12, 25 Nex, Jennifer Susan ​146 North, Douglass ​179 Oldenziel, Ruth ​128 Oliver, Michael ​166 Orchard, G B. ​42 Owen, John ​44–4 Panayi, Panikos ​168 Parties and People ​158 Pavan, Robert ​206 Pedler, John ​29–30 People (importance of, in history) ​223–9 passim Piano, Organ and Music Trades Journal, The ​136 Pianoforte Dealers’ Guide, The ​135 Pianos ​8, 25, 124 Firm longevity ​149–50 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 264 Industry structure ​143–4 Manufacturers Brinsmeads ​150 Broadwood & Sons ​135, 142, 143–4, 146–9, 150 Chappell and Company ​137 Clementi & Co. ​144, 149 Collard ​144 Hopkinson’s ​144 Longman & Broderip ​149 Longman, Lukey & Broderip ​149 Robert Wornum ​144 Wilkinson & Co. ​149 Production processes ​141–3 Piketty, Thomas ​159, 170, 171 Political economy ​4–6, 16–18 passim, 55–74 passim, 75, 162, 204, 217–18, 227 Political history ​11, 164, 170, 194 Popp, Andrew ​xii, 5, 12 Porter, Bernard ​168 Poverty ​159, 163, 229 Price, Christopher ​166 Price’s Fifty Shilling Tailors ​113 Prochaska, Frank ​163 Production ​5, 7, 11, 12, 13–26 passim, 57–9, 61, 67, 73–3, 92, 99, 101, 109–13 passim, 124, 127–34 passim, 151, 172, 178, 180, 227–8 Protestantism ​183 Providence, Rhode Island, USA ​5, 9, 10, 22, 23, 33, 52, 185, 186, 189–91, 197, 200, 226 Pugh, Martin ​163 Putnam, Robert ​179 Quaderni Storici ​193 Raggio, Osvaldo ​194 Ramella, Franco ​199 Resale price maintenance ​100, 112–13 Retailing ​7–8, 99–125 passim, 132 Co-operatives ​80, 100, 102–3, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 120, 121, 133 Department stores ​101, 102, 104, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 132, 133, 137 Display ​101, 106, 107, 118–19 Leisure element ​101, 102, 104, 116–19 Mail order ​133, 136 Multiples ​100, 101, 102, 105, 108, 112–13, 114, 116, 120 Penny bazaars ​102, 106, 121, 133 10/02/2017 12:27 pm INDEX265 Services ​102 Variety stores ​106–7, 108, 112, 117 Return of Martin Guerre, The ​195 Revel, Jacques ​194 Rinaldi, Alberto ​xii, 5–6, 12, 58 Rollings, Neil ​169 Rose, Frederick ​149 Rose, George Daniel ​149 Rose, George Thomas ​149 Rose, Nikolas ​164 Roskill, O W. ​108, 111, 114, 119 Rugg, Julie ​159 Rumelt, Richard ​206 Sabel, Charles F. ​19, 34, 73 Sainsbury’s ​113 Savage, Mike ​161 Scale and Scope ​206 Schenk, Catherine ​159 Schumpeter, Joseph ​11, 91, 224 Schwarz, Bill ​169 Scott, Peter ​xii, 7–8, 12, 17 Second World War (WWII) ​10, 56, 58, 63, 74, 75, 114, 158, 165, 193, 211 Seeking a Role ​158 Selfridge, Gordon ​104, 117, 118, 120 Selfridges ​104, 106, 118 Shakespeare, William ​177, 190 Shell (oil company) ​95 Shudi, family Barbara ​147 Burkat ​147 Henry Fowler ​148, 149 James ​148 John ​147 Siemens, Georg ​94 Singer Manufacturing Co. ​101 Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) ​5–6, 56–9, 61, 63, 66–74 passim Small firms ​17, 19, 111, 138, 139, 143, 150, 178, 201–2, 227 See also Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) Smart Brothers Ltd ​106 Smith, Adam ​11 Smith, Samuel ​40, 43, 47, 50 Social assemblage ​9 Social capital ​8–9, 23, 177–91 passim, 198–9 Social history ​5, 8, 51, 156, 159, 194, 225–6 Social justice (social exclusion) ​159, 170–1 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 265 Sociology ​10–11, 20, 23, 32, 35, 37, 50, 202–5, 227–8 Embeddedness ​9, 17, 35, 52, 177–93 passim Social beliefs (norms) ​5, 12, 23–4, 29–55 passim, 125, 187–91 passim Spadavecchia, Anna ​xiii, 5–6, 12 State (the) ​37, 55–6, 58, 60–1, 67, 70–3 passim, 114, 164–72 passim, 178, 184, 195, 208 Steedman, Carolyn ​166 Stephenson, W L. ​123 Stock exchanges See Capital markets Stock market See Capital markets Strange, Julie-Marie ​8, 21, 155, 156, 157, 160, 162, 166, 173 Street, John ​162 Supply chains ​101, 109–14 Sutcliffe-Braithwaite, Florence ​161 Szreter, Simon ​159 Technology ​6, 22, 49, 57, 129, 133–4, 136, 139, 148, 183, 205, 224 Tedlow, Richard S. ​128 Terra e telai ​199 Thanheiser, Heinz ​206 Thatcher, Margaret ​90, 158, 167 Thomas, Dixon ​166 Thomas, Mark ​90 Thompson, E P. ​32, 47, 48, 50, 51, 195 Thurow, Lester C. ​204 Times Furnishing Co. ​106 Tinkler, Penny ​162 Tomlinson, Charles ​141 Tomlinson, Jim ​157, 164 Torre, Angelo ​194 Trade associations ​8, 20, 23, 52, 100, 112, 114, 120, 178 Trade unions ​70, 121, 165, 197 Transactions cost economics See New institutional economics Treasury (the) ​17, 67 Trivellato, Francesca ​182, 199 Trust ​8–9, 12, 19–21, 34–5, 52, 145–6, 177–93 passim, 197–8, 213–14, 223 Unions See Trade unions United Drug Co. ​108 University of Birmingham, Centre for Modern British Studies ​8, 155 US economy See American economy 10/02/2017 12:27 pm 266INDEX Value chains See Supply chains Veblen, Thorstein ​11, 224 Vernon, James ​170 W H Smith ​107, 119 Walker, James ​xiii, 7–8, 12 Watson, Katherine ​159 Weber, Max ​183 Weeping Britannia ​166 Welfare ​7, 69, 100–3, 120–5 passim, 163, 165, 229 White Man’s World, The ​169 Whiteleys ​136 Whittington, Richard ​207 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 266 Wholesale Society for Scotland ​103 Wickham, Chris ​xiii, 10, 32 Wilkinson, George ​149 Williamson, Oliver ​20, 23, 224, 227 Winter’s Tale, The ​177 Woolworths ​7, 106, 108, 110, 112, 119, 122–3, 124 Wrigley, Chris ​165 Yorkshire Penny Bank ​89 Zaloom, Caitlin ​35, 36, 47, 48, 49 Zeitlin, Jonathan ​19, 32, 34, 73 10/02/2017 12:27 pm Tabula in Memoriam Gerben Bakker Youssef Cassis Andrea Colli Malcolm Dick Paolo Di Martino Barry Doyle Elaine Fulton Nigel Goose Leslie Hannah Matthew Hilton Steve Hindle Jane Humphries Willem M Jongman Ken Lipartito Alex Mold Anne L Murphy Lucy Newton Giandomenico Piluso Noelle Plack Andrew Popp Alberto Rinaldi Peter Scott Anna Spadavecchia Jim Tomlinson Michelangelo Vasta James Walker Chris Wickham Simon Yarrow 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 267 10/02/2017 12:27 pm People, Markets, Goods: Economies and Societies in History ISSN: 2051-7467 Previous titles Landlords and Tenants in Britain, 1440–1660: Tawney’s Agrarian Problem Revisited edited by Jane Whittle, 2013 Child Workers and Industrial Health in Britain, 1780–1850 Peter Kirby, 2013 Publishing Business in Eighteenth-Century England James Raven, 2014 The First Century of Welfare: Poverty and Poor Relief in Lancashire, 1620–1730 Jonathan Healey, 2014 Population, Welfare and Economic Change in Britain 1290–1834 edited by Chris Briggs, P M Kitson and S J Thompson, 2014 Crises in Economic and Social History: A Comparative Perspective edited by A T Brown, Andy Burn and Rob Doherty, 2015 Slavery Hinterland: Transatlantic Slavery and Continental Europe, 1680–1850 edited by Felix Brahm and Eve Rosenhaft, 2016 Almshouses in Early Modern England: Charitable Housing in the Mixed Economy of Welfare, 1550–1725 Angela Nicholls, 2017 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures).indd 268 10/02/2017 12:27 pm K C A L B A R N E I P IG PA O R PAOLO DI MARTINO is Senior Lecturer in International Business History at the Birmingham Business School, University of Birmingham ANDREW POPP is Professor of Business History at the University of Liverpool PETER SCOTT is Professor of International Business History at the University of Reading’s Henley Business School COVER IMAGE: Celebrations of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1897, at a workshop of W H Wilmot Ltd, 62-64 Albion Street, in Birmingham’s Jewellery Quarter Ownership Talbots and image of Pickering and Mayell PEOPLE, PL ACES AND BUSINESS CULTURES This collection brings together new research into nineteenthand twentieth-century British and European economic history, socio-cultural history and business history It is inspired by the work and legacy of Francesca Carnevali who, throughout her career, encouraged a lively dialogue between these different disciplines The book offers innovative views and perspectives on key debates and emphasises the connections between economic environments and wider social and cultural elements It also considers methodological issues and emerging approaches in economic history Topics include banks and business finance in the nineteenth century, mass-market retailing and class demarcations, economic microhistory, and comparative history and capitalism Economic, business, social and cultural historians alike will find it of interest EDITED BY DI MARTINO, POPP, SCOT T EDITED BY PAOLO DI MARTINO ANDREW POPP AND PETER SCOT T PEOPLE, PLACES AND BUSINESS CULTURES Essays in Honour of Francesca Carnevali ... the end of the volume 2284 (Boydell - Business Cultures) .indd 10/02/2017 12:27 pm People, Places and Business Cultures Essays in Honour of Francesca Carnevali Edited by Paolo Di Martino, Andrew... International Journal of Business History (2003–07) and President of the Business History Conference Lucy Newton is Associate Professor in Business History in the School of International Business. .. Staging of Business Life  Andrew Popp 29 The Political Economy of Financing Italian Small Businesses, 1950–1990s  Alberto Rinaldi and Anna Spadavecchia 55 Banks and Business Finance in Britain Before