10089.book Page i Monday, July 23, 2007 3:17 PM Advance Praise “Todd’s methods of discussing topics are tactfully approached so they are not confusing to the reader, and his explanations are clear and easy to understand.” —Amazon Reader Review “I passed my CCNA on the first try after reading this book thoroughly …If you read the book and all the review questions and written labs at the end of each chapter, you will be well prepared for the exam.” —Amazon Reader Review “This is a great book! Todd Lammle has the ability to make complex topics simple Cisco books are essential once you’ve mastered networking basics, but there is nothing like Sybex for learning the concepts from A to Z.” —Amazon Reader Review “Todd has been an authority in this field for as long as I can remember His style of writing keeps the book from becoming a sleep aid and provides nuts and bolts information that is both excellent real-world reference and directly relevant to exam objectives If you are considering taking the CCNA exam, you would be ill advised to not give this book a thorough read.” —Amazon Reader Review “This is the first book review I have ever written on Amazon I’ve been in the computer/network support field for many years, but had almost no contact with Cisco equipment I basically knew the ‘enable’ and ‘config’ Cisco commands I had originally planned on shelling out the $3000 to take a CCNA boot camp, but decided that that was way too much money So I bought this book instead … took a week off from work (which I would have done anyway for the class), and went at it My homegrown boot camp paid off because I passed the exam on the first try, saving almost $2900!” —Amazon Reader Review “This is the best technical book I have ever read!!” —Amazon Reader Review “This book is excellent resource for preparation for CCNA certification It has needed information regarding the Cisco’s objective Sample test and Bonus Test give extra knowledge for exam’s question Users have more knowledge and practice of test exams I will recommend this book for anyone who does not have any knowledge of CCNA material.” —Amazon Reader Review 10089.book Page ii Monday, July 23, 2007 3:17 PM “I’ve recently passed the CCNA exam with 985 out of 1000 points and Todd Lammle’s book was my only study material (along with a Cisco 2500 router) “It covers all relevant topics in such an easy-to-understand way and gives you a great networking/Cisco knowledge to build upon Even now, while I’m pursuing other certifications, it serves as an irreplaceable reference Every chapter concludes with review questions, hands-on exercises or labs to give you the opportunity of applying your new skills in realworld scenarios and the CD provides additional sample tests and flashcards to consolidate your knowledge “By reading the book twice and doing all the exercises you will be able to answer just about any question you may encounter on the exam Highly recommended!” —Amazon Reader Review “I had made three previous attempts using Cisco Press but could not get over the hump Needless to say I was getting pretty discouraged However, I had heard good things about the Sybex book by Todd Lammle and decided to give it a try It was the best thing I could have done The book read great and it explained the required concepts and topics very well The review questions and Hand-on Labs at the end of each chapter were also very helpful “I took the test last weekend and passed!! “Thank you!!” —Amazon Reader Review “Good exam prep I read this book and with only slight network experience was able to pass the CCNA.” —Amazon Reader Review “There isn’t much more I can say about this book than has already been said I used Todd’s guide to help me pass the CCNA in 2000 and am using him again to recertify Just an excellent book Period.” —Amazon Reader Review “This book covered everything I needed to pass the exam, with hands-on experience, and the bonus material What a great written book this is The best I have ever read “I recommend this book highly!!” —Amazon Reader Review 10089.book Page iii Monday, July 23, 2007 3:17 PM CCNA : ® Cisco® Certified Network Associate Study Guide Sixth Edition Todd Lammle Wiley Publishing, Inc 10089.book Page iv Monday, July 23, 2007 3:17 PM Acquisitions Editor: Jeff Kellum Development Editor: Toni Zuccarini Ackley Technical Editor: Patrick J Conlan Production Editor: Sarah Groff-Palermo Copy Editor: Judy Flynn Production Manager: Tim Tate Vice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard Swadley Vice President and Executive Publisher: Joseph B Wikert Vice President and Publisher: Neil Edde Media Project Supervisor: Laura Atkinson Media Development Specialist: Josh Frank Media Quality Assurance: Angie Denny Book Designers: Judy Fung and Bill Gibson Compositor: Craig Woods, Happenstance Type-O-Rama Proofreader: Nancy Riddiough Indexer: Ted Laux Anniversary Logo Design: Richard Pacifico Cover Designer: Ryan Sneed Copyright © 2007 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-0-470-11008-9 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600 Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572-3447, fax (317) 572-4355, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read For general information on our other products and services or to obtain technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S at (800) 762-2974, outside the U.S at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002 Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the publisher TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission Cisco and CCNA are registered trademarks of Cisco Systems, Inc All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book 10 10089.book Page v Monday, July 23, 2007 3:17 PM To Our Valued Readers: Thank you for looking to Sybex for your CCNA exam prep needs We at Sybex are proud of our reputation for providing certification candidates with the practical knowledge and skills needed to succeed in the highly competitive IT marketplace This latest edition of the best-selling CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide reflects our commitment to provide CCNA candidates with the most up-to-date, accurate, and accessible instructional material on the market As with previous editions, Todd and the editors have worked hard to ensure that the study guide you hold in your hands is comprehensive, in-depth, and pedagogically sound We’re confident that this book will exceed the demanding standards of the certification marketplace and help you, the CCNA certification candidate, succeed in your endeavors As always, your feedback is important to us If you believe you’ve identified an error in the book, please visit the Customer Support section of the Wiley website And if you have general comments or suggestions, feel free to drop me a line directly at nedde@wiley.com At Sybex, we’re continually striving to meet the needs of individuals preparing for certification exams Good luck in pursuit of your CCNA certification! Neil Edde Publisher—Certification Sybex, an Imprint of Wiley 10089.book Page vi Monday, July 23, 2007 3:17 PM 10089.book Page vii Monday, July 23, 2007 3:17 PM Acknowledgments Monica Lammle’s writing style and voice, editing ability, encouragement, and dedication to ensuring that my books are concise yet highly readable has been invaluable to the success of this and many other projects She brings clarity and life to what can truly be some very arcane and difficult material! Mr Patrick Conlan has got to be the personification of perseverance—he’s a rock! Patrick literally hashed and rehashed each topic in this guide with me at all hours of the day and night—scrutinizing the material until we both agreed it was verifiably solid He was so instrumental in the development of this book that I hired him at GlobalNet Training to work as a course developer and trainer! You’re going to be hearing a lot more from Mr Conlan in the technical instruction and writing arena in the future for sure Daniel Aguilera, who has worked with me at GlobalNet Training for seven years, also worked diligently, helping me put together the bonus exams you’ll find on the CD (so be sure to give him a call if you happen to find a problem ) Dan possesses both the intelligence and optimism required to be a great source of encouragement and a deep reservoir of problemsolving ability whenever I found myself discouraged or burned out Toni Zuccarini Ackley was the main editor of this—the newest book in the Sybex Cisco series Thank you Toni for having the patience of Job, and for working so hard on this book with me I’m so happy (and relieved) that you took on the job and, most of all, that you didn’t run screaming from the room the next day! Jeff Kellum is instrumental to my success in the Cisco world and is my acquisitions editor Jeff, thanks for your guidance and continued patience Although we work well together and put out fantastic material, I am sure he groans when he sees my name on caller ID! In addition, Sarah Groff-Palermo was an excellent production editor and she worked really hard to get the book done as quickly as possible, without missing the small mistakes that are so easy to over look Judy Flynn was the copy editor and she showed me that you can actually write a book and still have patience, be helpful but yet work extremely hard to get this book out on the shelves as fast as possible, and for that I thank you tremendously Both Sarah and Judy worked very hard editing the book for what will hopefully turn out to be a great guide to lead you on your journey toward becoming a CCNA Finally a big thanks to Craig Woods and Happenstance-Type-O-Rama, and the CD team: Laura Atkinson, Josh Frank, and Angie Denny 10089.book Page viii Monday, July 23, 2007 3:17 PM 10089.book Page ix Monday, July 23, 2007 3:17 PM Contents at a Glance Introduction xxiii Assessment Test xxxiii Chapter Internetworking Chapter Introduction to TCP/IP Chapter Subnetting, Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSMs), and Troubleshooting TCP/IP 111 Cisco’s Internetworking Operating System (IOS) and Security Device Manager (SDM) 171 Chapter Managing a Cisco Internetwork 251 Chapter IP Routing 327 Chapter Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 417 Chapter Layer Switching and Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 493 Chapter Virtual LANs (VLANs) 551 Chapter 10 Security 609 Chapter 11 Network Address Translation (NAT) 669 Chapter 12 Cisco’s Wireless Technologies 703 Chapter 13 Internet Protocol Version (IPv6) 739 Chapter 14 Wide Area Networks 773 Chapter 67 Glossary 851 Index 911 10089.book Page x Monday, July 23, 2007 3:17 PM ... the CD, you’ll be more than prepared for the exam CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide in PDF Sybex offers the CCNA Exam 640- 802 Study Guide in PDF on the CD so you can read the... need to pass all three exams The two-step method involves passing the following: Exam 640- 822: Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices 1(ICND1) Exam 640- 816: Introduction to Cisco Networking Devices... need to know to pass the CCNA exam Since the new 640- 802 exam is so hard, Cisco wants to reward you for taking the two-test approach Or so it seems If you take the ICND1 exam, you actually receive