Shutterstock; p.68 (k): Radu Bercan/Shutterstock; p.68 (l): Andrey Pavlov/Shutterstock; p.68 (m): Dr Martin Oeggerli/Visuals Unlimited/Corbis; p.68 (n): Brandon Alms/Shutterstock; p.68 (o): E.O./Shutterstock; p.68 (p): Leo Shoot/Shutterstock; p.68 (q): Andy Rouse/Nature Picture Library/Corbis; p.68 (r): Christopher Meder/ Shutterstock; p.68 (s): saluha/Getty Images; p.68 (t): Xavier MARCHANT/Shutterstock; p.69 (TL): Photography by David Thyberg/Getty Images; p.69 (TR): Gerard Lacz/FLPA; p.69 (BL): Mark Newman/FLPA; p.69 (BR): Mary Evans Picture Library/ Alamy; p.70 (TL): Buddy Mays/Alamy; p.70 (a): ritfuse/ Shutterstock; p.70 (b): imageBROKER/Alamy; p.70 (c): John Kimbler/Tom Stack & Associates/Alamy; p.70 (d): Eric Isselee/ Getty Images; p.70 (CR): Photoshot Holdings Ltd/Alamy; p.70 (BR): Nature Picture Library/Alamy; p.71 (TL): Jeff Rotman/Alamy; p.71 (TC): Arterra Picture Library/Alamy; p.71 (TR): dpa picture alliance/Alamy; p.71 (BL): ALEXANDER JOE/Getty Images; p.71 (BR): Valeriy Kirsanov/Getty Images; p.72 (lion): Deborah Kolb/ Shutterstock; p.72 (giraffe): Volodymyr Burdiak/Shutterstock; p.72 (grass): orangecrush/Shutterstock; p.72 (bird): johnbraid/ Shutterstock; p.72 (snake): Patrick K Campbell/Shutterstock; p.72 (mouse): Piotr Krzeslak/Shutterstock; p.72 (eagle): Mark Caunt/ Shutterstock; p.72 (fish): Vlada Z/Shutterstock; p.72 (frog): Eduard Kyslynskyy/Shutterstock; p.72 (insect): encikAn/Shutterstock; p.72 (plants): mexrix/Shutterstock; p.76 (Ellen): Goodshoot RF/Getty Images; p.76 (Evie): AdiniMalibuBarbie/Getty Images; p.76 (Lily), p.76 (Grace): Design Pics Inc/Alamy; p.76 (Ollie): MISHELLA/ Shutterstock; p.77: Alfred Mitz/Alamy; p.79: MJTH/Shutterstock; p.80 (a), p.80 (f), p.84, p.85 (Jean De Florette), p.85 (Avatar), p.85 (Manon Des Sources): Photos 12/Alamy; p.80 (b), p.80 (h), p.80 (j), p.85 (Sherlock Holmes)p.102 (e): AF archive/Alamy; p.80 (c), p.111 (TR): CBW/Alamy; p.80 (d): Murder On The Orient Express, FILM Copyright © 1974 Studiocanal Films Ltd All Rights reserved/The Kobal Collection; p.80 (e): Marguerite Smits Van Oyen/Nature Picture Library; p.80 (g): Dreamworks/20th Century Fox/The Kobal Collection; p.80 (i): NBC/Douglas Gorenstein/ NBCU Photo Bank/Getty Images; p.80 (k): Atmosphere Entertainment MM/The Kobal Collection; p.81 (Liz): Huntstock, Inc/Alamy; p.81 (Steve): Tetra Images/Alamy; p.81 (Jenny), p.119: Blend Images/Alamy; p.81 (Phil): Johner Images/Alamy; p.82 (B): Universal/The Kobal Collection; p.83 (T): Directphoto Collection/ Alamy; p.85 (Godzilla): Warner Bros/The Kobal Collection; p.86 (TL): NetPhotos3/Alamy; p.86 (TR): Hero Images Inc./Alamy; p.86 (CR): JMiks/Shutterstock; p.86 (BL): kay/Shutterstock; p.86 (BC): PSL Images/Alamy; p.86 (BR): Peter Dazeley/Getty Images; p.87: ra2studio/Shutterstock; p.88 (TL): LIONEL BONAVENTURE/Getty Images; p.88 (BL): nevarpp/Getty Images; p.90 (a): Flashon Studio/Shutterstock; p.90 (b): Thinkstock Images/Getty Images; p.90 (c): Exra Bailey/Getty Images; p.90 (d): cagan/Getty Images; p.90 (e): Yganko/Shutterstock; p.90 (f): PathDoc/Shutterstock; p.90 (g): Alan Bailey/Shutterstock; p.90 (h): focal point/Shutterstock; p.90 (i): M.Sobreira/Alamy; p.91 (BL): CORDIER Sylvain/Getty Images; p.91 (BR): Photoman29/Shutterstock; p.92 (TL): Gannet77/Getty Images; p.92 (TR): Bildagentur Zoonar GmbH/ Shutterstock; p.92 (BL): Alain Daussin/Getty Images; p.92 (BR): Johannes Mann/Corbis; p.93 (a): Pavel Klimenko/Getty Images; p.93 (b): Clive Brunskill/Getty Images; p.93 (c): PHILIPPE HUGUEN/Getty Images; p.93 (d): Szasz-Fabian Jozsef/ Shutterstock; p.93 (TR): david sanger photography/Alamy; p.93 (BR): Tim Gainey/Alamy; p.94 (a): Image Source Plus/Alamy; p.94 (b): Nik Taylor/Alamy; p.94 (c): snapgalleria/Shutterstock; p.94 (d): Oleksiy Mark/Shutterstock; p.95 (cake): Dasha Petrenko/ Shutterstock; p.95 (gold): cigdem/Shutterstock; p.97: Ruth Amos StairSteady Products Ltd; p.98 (TR): Tom Merton/GettyImages; p.98 (CL): Allyson Scott/Alamy; p.98 (BL): New Line Cinema/The Kobal Collection; p.99 (TL): WENN Ltd/Alamy, p.99 (TR): WENN UK/Alamy, p.99 (BL): PAUL ELLIS/Getty Images, p.99 (BR): Antoine Antoniol/Getty Images; p.101: Startraks Photo/REX; p.102 (a): Digital Vision/Getty Images; p.102 (b): Robert Warren/Getty Images; p.102 (d): Dmitry Kalinovsky/Shutterstock; p.102 (f): Catherine Yeulet/Getty Images; p.102 (g): Jaimie Duplass/ Shuttterstock; p.102 (h): Digital Storm/Shutterstock; p.103 (TR): Ian Walton/Getty Images; p.103 (BR): Ed Freeman/Getty Images; 160 Acknowledgements p.104: 26kot/Shutterstock; p.106 (TL): Erik Pendzich/REX; p.106 (TR), p.114 (B): epa european pressphoto agency b.v./Alamy; p.106 (BL): Aflo Co Ltd./Alamy; p.106 (BR): PRAKASH MATHEMA/AFP/Getty Images; p.107 (TR): RIA Novosti/Alamy; p.107 (CL): Nancy Brown/Getty Images; p.107 (CR): Brent Winebrenner/Getty Images; p.107 (BL): ableimages/Alamy; p.108 (TC): iStock.com/pictafolio; p.108 (TR): pictafolio/Getty Images; p.108 (CR): BONNINSTUDIO/Shutterstock; p.108 (BL): Pixellover RM4/Alamy; p.108 (BR): David L Moore/Alamy; p.109 (B/G): Julian Cartwright/Alamy; p.110 (T): PT Images/Shutterstock; p.110 (B): Cultura RM/Nancy Honey; p.112 (a): Trevor Smith/Alamy; p.112 (d): Lakeview images/Shutterstock; p.112 (e): Gaschwald/ Shutterstock; p.113 (TL): CHRISTOPHER JUE/epa/Corbis; p.113 (TR): viphotos/Shutterstock; p.113 (BL): Luca Ghidoni/Getty Images; p.113 (BR): Gavriel Jecan/Corbis; p.114 (T): Dan Kitwood/ Getty Images; p.115 (a): Alex Kalmbach/Shutterstock; p.115 (b): taelove7/Shutterstock; p.115 (c): mark wragg/Getty Images; p.115 (d): Viorel Sima/Shutterstock; p.115 (e): Andreas von Einsiedel/ Alamy; p.115 (f): maigi/Shutterstock; p.115 (TR): bbostjan/Getty Images; p.115 (BR): Heike Richter, New Zealand/Getty Images; p.116 (T): Arnau Ramos Oviedo/Alamy; p.117 (T): caia image/ Alamy; p.117 (C): Chris George/Alamy; p.117 (B): mariait/ Shutterstock; p.121: Y-tea/Shutterstock Commissioned photography by Neil Matthews: p.10, p.11, p.17 (TL), p.17 (TC), p.25 (TR), p.42 (TR), p.42 (BL), p.42 (BR), p.45, p.47 (TR), p.66 (BR), p.78, p.81 (TR), p.81 (L), p.105 (T), p.109 (T), p.109 (C), p.109 (B), p.111 (TL) Front cover photo by Leon van den Edisvag/Shutterstock Illustrations Mark Duffin p.88; Stuart Harrison pp.16, 34, 56, 78, 95, 100, 112; Alek Sotirovski (Beehive Illustration) pp.26, 61, 105 The publishers are grateful to the following contributors: text design and layouts: emc design Ltd; cover design: Andrew Ward; picture research: Alison Prior and Ann Thomson; audio recordings: produced by IH Sound and recorded at DSound, London; Texts and exercises on pp.11, 25, 47, 81, 106-7, 109: Emma Heyderman; Grammar reference section: Louise Hashemi