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Nội dung test bank Giới thiệu về Giải phẫu và Sinh lý học, Cấp độ tổ chức hóa học, Cấp độ tổ chức tế bào, Cấp độ tổ chức, Hệ thống tích hợp, Cấu trúc xương và xương, Bộ xương trục, Bộ xương ruột thừa, Khớp, Mô cơ, Hệ thống cơ bắp , Mô thần kinh, Tủy sống, Thần kinh cột sống và Phản xạ cột sống, Thần kinh não và sọ, Đường dẫn truyền cảm giác và Hệ thần kinh Somatic, Hệ thần kinh tự chủ và Chức năng bậc cao, Các giác quan đặc biệt, Hệ thống nội tiết, Máu Tim, mạch máu và tuần hoàn, hệ thống bạch huyết và miễn dịch, hệ hô hấp, hệ tiêu hóa, trao đổi chất, dinh dưỡng và năng lượng, hệ thống tiết niệu, chất lỏng, chất điện giải và cân bằng axit, hệ thống sinh sản The Chemical Level of Organization, The Cellular Level of Organization,The Tissue Level of Organization,The Integumentary System,Bones and Bone Structure,The Axial Skeleton,The Appendicular Skeleton,Joints, Muscle Tissue,The Muscular System,Nervous Tissue,The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes,The Brain and Cranial Nerves,Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System,The Autonomic Nervous System and HigherOrder Functions,The Special Senses, The Endocrine System,Blood, The Heart,Blood Vessels and Circulation,The Lymphatic System and Immunity,The Respiratory System, The Digestive System,Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics,The Urinary System,Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid—Base Balance, The Reproductive System
Chapterȱ17 TheȱSpecialȱSenses Multiple Choice Questions 1) Olfactoryȱglands A) houseȱtheȱsenseȱofȱsmell B) regenerateȱtoȱformȱnewȱolfactoryȱepithelium C) reactȱtoȱaromaticȱmolecules D) coatȱtheȱolfactoryȱepitheliumȱwithȱaȱpigmentedȱmucus E) groupȱasȱolfactoryȱbulbs Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 2) Olfactoryȱinformationȱisȱfirstȱreceivedȱbyȱwhichȱpartȱofȱtheȱbrain? A) pons B) cerebellum C) thalamus D) cerebrum E) medullaȱoblongata Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 3) Beforeȱanȱolfactoryȱreceptorȱcanȱdetectȱanȱodorant,ȱitȱhasȱto A) contactȱaȱbasalȱcell B) bindȱtoȱreceptorsȱonȱolfactoryȱdendrites C) openȱionȱchannels D) respondȱtoȱappliedȱpressure E) beȱtransportedȱtoȱtheȱolfactoryȱbulbs Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 4) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱtrue ofȱolfactoryȱdiscrimination? A) Thereȱareȱ6ȱprimaryȱsmellsȱknown B) Theȱnumberȱofȱolfactoryȱreceptorsȱdeclineȱasȱweȱage C) Allȱodorantsȱrequireȱtheȱsameȱconcentrationȱtoȱactivateȱanȱolfactoryȱreceptor D) Thereȱareȱdifferentȱtypesȱofȱolfactoryȱreceptorȱcellsȱtoȱdetectȱeachȱtypeȱofȱodorant E) Theȱolfactoryȱreceptorȱpopulationȱdoesȱnotȱdivide Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ17ȱȱTheȱSpecialȱSensesȱȱȱ535 5) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱolfactoryȱpathwaysȱexcept whichȱone? A) Theyȱprojectȱfirstȱtoȱtheȱoccipitalȱlobesȱandȱthenȱtoȱtheȱthalamus B) Neuronsȱfromȱtheȱolfactoryȱepitheliumȱsynapseȱinȱtheȱolfactoryȱbulb C) Informationȱflowsȱtoȱtheȱolfactoryȱcortex,ȱhypothalamus,ȱandȱlimbicȱsystem D) Theyȱreachȱtheȱforebrainȱwithoutȱfirstȱsynapsingȱinȱtheȱthalamus E) Theȱlimbicȱsystem-olfactoryȱpathwayȱconnectionȱmeansȱthatȱthereȱareȱcloseȱtiesȱbetween experiencesȱandȱmemoriesȱwithȱsmell Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 6) Someȱneuralȱtissuesȱretainȱstemȱcellsȱandȱthusȱtheȱcapacityȱtoȱdivideȱandȱreplaceȱlostȱneurons Whichȱofȱtheseȱspecialȱsensesȱcanȱreplaceȱitsȱdamagedȱneuralȱreceptors? A) olfaction B) hearing C) equilibrium D) proprioception E) vision Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 7) Aȱnormal,ȱrelaxedȱinhalationȱcarriesȱaboutȱ ȱofȱtheȱinhaledȱairȱtoȱtheȱolfactoryȱorgans A) 50ȱpercent B) 8ȱpercent C) 2ȱpercent D) 35ȱpercent E) 10ȱpercent Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 8) Olfactoryȱreceptorsȱsendȱaxonsȱthroughȱtheȱcribriformȱplate.ȱTheyȱsynapseȱonȱneuronsȱinȱthe A) medullaȱoblongata B) medialȱgeniculate C) cerebralȱcortex D) olfactoryȱbulb E) olfactoryȱtract Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 536ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 9) Olfactoryȱorgansȱareȱlocatedȱinȱtheȱnasalȱcavityȱinferiorȱtoȱtheȱperforatedȱbonyȱstructure knownȱasȱthe A) cribriformȱplate B) sphenoidȱbone C) sellaȱturcica D) vomer E) zygomaticȱprocess Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 10) Theȱolfactoryȱorganȱconsistsȱofȱtheȱ ȱandȱtheȱlaminaȱpropria A) gustatoryȱcells B) basilarȱmembrane C) olfactoryȱepithelium D) hippocampus E) ethmoidȱbone Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 11) Theȱolfactoryȱreceptorsȱareȱhighlyȱmodified A) epithelialȱcells B) interneurons C) sensoryȱneurons D) motorȱneurons E) neuroglialȱcells Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 12) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtypesȱofȱsensoryȱinformationȱreachesȱtheȱcerebralȱcortexȱdirectly? A) visual B) hearing C) equilibrium D) olfactory E) gustatory Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ17ȱȱTheȱSpecialȱSensesȱȱȱ537 13) Whenȱodorantȱmoleculesȱcontactȱtheȱdendriticȱprocessesȱofȱolfactoryȱreceptorsȱtheȱinitial responseȱis A) anȱactionȱpotential B) activationȱofȱaȱkinase C) aȱgeneratorȱpotential D) aȱhyperpolarizationȱpotential E) aȱconversionȱofȱ11-transȱretinalȱtoȱ11-cis retinal Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 14) Duringȱaȱsinusȱinfectionȱitȱisȱdifficultȱtoȱsmellȱbecause A) basalȱcellȱdivisionȱdecreases B) olfactoryȱglandsȱstopȱproducingȱmucus C) olfactoryȱsupportingȱcellsȱblockȱodorantȱmoleculesȱfromȱreachingȱtheȱreceptors D) theȱhypothalamusȱstopsȱrespondingȱtoȱolfactoryȱstimulation E) excessȱmucusȱblocksȱodorantȱmoleculesȱfromȱreachingȱtheȱreceptors Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 17-1 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 15) Damageȱtoȱtheȱinsulaȱisȱmostȱlikelyȱtoȱaffectȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱsenses? A) olfaction B) gustation C) vision D) hearing E) equilibrium Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 16) Ourȱtasteȱbudsȱareȱmostȱreceptiveȱtoȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱtypesȱofȱcompounds? A) sweet B) salty C) sweetȱandȱsalty D) bitter E) umami Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 538ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 17) Asȱweȱage A) tasteȱbudȱsensitivityȱincreases B) tasteȱbudȱsensitivityȱdoubles C) theȱnumberȱofȱtasteȱbudsȱincreases D) theȱnumberȱofȱtasteȱbudsȱdecreases E) theȱnumberȱofȱtasteȱbudsȱdecreasesȱbutȱtheȱnumberȱofȱolfactoryȱreceptorsȱincreasesȱto compensate Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 18) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱcorrectlyȱstatesȱhowȱaȱgustatoryȱreceptorȱwillȱbeȱstimulatedȱbyȱan acidicȱorȱsourȱcompound? A) Gȱproteinsȱwillȱbeȱactivated B) Hydrogenȱionsȱwillȱdiffuseȱintoȱtheȱreceptorȱcellȱcausingȱdepolarization C) Sodiumȱionsȱwillȱdiffuseȱintoȱtheȱreceptorȱcellȱcausingȱdepolarization D) Secondȱmessengersȱwillȱbeȱactivated E) Adenylateȱcyclaseȱwillȱbeȱactivated Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 19) Theȱfunctionȱofȱgustatoryȱreceptorsȱparallelsȱthatȱof A) photoreceptorsȱinȱtheȱeye B) mechanoreceptorsȱinȱtheȱear C) olfactoryȱreceptors D) lamellarȱcorpuscles E) proprioceptors Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 20) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱlingualȱpapillaeȱhasȱtheȱlargestȱnumberȱofȱtasteȱbuds? A) pharynx B) foliateȱpapillae C) filiformȱpapillae D) fungiformȱpapillae E) vallateȱpapillae Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ17ȱȱTheȱSpecialȱSensesȱȱȱ539 21) Destructionȱtoȱyourȱleftȱglossopharyngealȱnerveȱwouldȱresultȱin A) inabilityȱtoȱsenseȱsweetnessȱatȱtheȱtipȱofȱyourȱtongue B) inabilityȱtoȱidentifyȱsourȱandȱbitterȱfoodsȱatȱtheȱposteriorȱone-thirdȱofȱtheȱtongue C) inabilityȱtoȱsmell D) inabilityȱtoȱsee E) inabilityȱtoȱhear Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 22) Stimulationȱofȱreceptorsȱwithinȱtheȱtrigeminalȱnerveȱmightȱproduceȱaȱperceptionȱof A) intenselyȱsweet B) intenselyȱsour C) quiteȱsalty D) pepperyȱhot E) bitter Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 23) Anȱadultȱhasȱapproximatelyȱ ȱtasteȱbuds A) 100 B) 10,000 C) 4,000,000 D) 500 E) 50,000 Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 24) Aȱpatientȱwhoȱexperiencedȱheadȱtraumaȱhasȱlostȱtheȱabilityȱtoȱtasteȱspicyȱfood.ȱYouȱshould expectȱdamageȱtoȱcranialȱnerve A) VII B) III C) IX D) V E) XII Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 25) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱnotȱoneȱofȱtheȱsixȱprimaryȱtasteȱsensations? A) sweet B) peppery C) sour D) salty E) umami Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 540ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 26) Theȱtasteȱsensationȱthatȱisȱtriggeredȱbyȱtheȱaminoȱacidȱglutamateȱisȱknownȱas A) sweet B) umami C) salty D) peppery E) sour Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 27) Theȱsenseȱofȱtasteȱisȱalsoȱknownȱas A) proprioception B) maculation C) gustation D) olfaction E) sublation Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 28) Theȱmembraneȱstructuresȱthatȱrespondȱtoȱchemicalȱstimuliȱtoȱproduceȱsweet,ȱbitter,ȱand umamiȱsensationsȱareȱcalled A) gustatoryȱhairs B) chemically-gatedȱionȱchannels C) voltage-regulatedȱionȱchannels D) Gȱproteins E) papillae Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 29) Tasteȱbudsȱareȱclustersȱofȱindividual A) vallateȱpapillae B) gustatoryȱhairs C) epithelialȱcells D) olfactoryȱreceptors E) gustatoryȱreceptors Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ17ȱȱTheȱSpecialȱSensesȱȱȱ541 30) Eachȱgustatoryȱcellȱextendsȱ ȱ(calledȱtasteȱhairs)ȱintoȱtheȱsurroundingȱfluidsȱthroughȱa narrowȱtasteȱpore A) microvilli B) villi C) papillae D) palpebra E) Gȱproteins Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 31) Tasteȱbudsȱonȱtheȱtongueȱareȱoftenȱassociatedȱwithȱepithelialȱprojectionsȱcalled A) macula B) lingualȱpapillae C) ganglionȱcells D) pharyngealȱpapillae E) ampulla Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 32) Aȱtypicalȱgustatoryȱcellȱsurvivesȱforȱonlyȱaboutȱ ȱday(s)ȱbeforeȱitȱisȱreplaced A) 10 B) C) 60 D) 30 E) 365 Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-2 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 33) Tearsȱpassȱthroughȱwhichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱstructuresȱbeforeȱemptyingȱintoȱtheȱnasalȱcavity? A) anteriorȱchamber B) posteriorȱchamber C) nasolacrimalȱduct D) scleralȱvenousȱsinus E) corneoscleralȱjunction Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 34) Whichȱstructureȱofȱtheȱeyeȱisȱtheȱmostȱsensitiveȱbutȱcontainsȱnoȱbloodȱvessels? A) iris B) choroid C) retina D) sclera E) cornea Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 542ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 35) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱincorrectly matched? A) anteriorȱchamber:ȱbetweenȱtheȱcorneaȱandȱtheȱiris B) posteriorȱchamber:ȱbetweenȱtheȱirisȱandȱtheȱlens C) ciliaryȱbody:ȱsiteȱofȱextrinsicȱeyeȱmuscleȱattachment D) retina:ȱconsistsȱofȱaȱpigmentedȱlayerȱandȱaȱneuralȱlayer E) sclera:ȱcoversȱmostȱofȱtheȱocularȱsurface Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 36) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱaȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱpigmentedȱlayerȱofȱtheȱretina? A) provideȱeyeȱcolor B) houseȱtheȱphotoreceptors C) secreteȱvitreousȱhumor D) absorbȱlightȱpassingȱthroughȱtheȱneuralȱlayer E) refractȱlightȱontoȱtheȱphotoreceptors Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 37) Theȱpurposeȱofȱtheȱintrinsicallyȱphotosensitiveȱretinalȱganglionȱcellȱ(ipRGC)ȱphotoreceptors are A) toȱgiveȱclearȱsharpȱvision B) toȱallowȱusȱtoȱseeȱinȱdimȱlight C) toȱreplaceȱrodsȱasȱweȱage D) influenceȱtheȱcircadianȱrhythm E) toȱprovideȱcolorȱvision Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 38) TheȱprimaryȱcauseȱofȱblindnessȱinȱtheȱUnitedȱStatesȱis A) cataracts B) diabeticȱretinopathy C) glaucoma D) retinalȱdetachment E) retinopathyȱofȱprematurity Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ17ȱȱTheȱSpecialȱSensesȱȱȱ543 39) Jonathanȱreceivedȱaȱstrongȱblowȱtoȱtheȱeye.ȱTheȱeyeballȱremainedȱintactȱbutȱheȱsuddenlyȱcould notȱsee.ȱThisȱhasȱlikelyȱcaused A) developmentȱofȱcataracts B) aȱdetachedȱretina C) developmentȱofȱglaucoma D) astigmatism E) myopia Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 40) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱisȱfalse concerningȱlacrimalȱglands? A) Theyȱproduceȱaȱstronglyȱhypertonicȱfluid B) Theyȱproduceȱmostȱofȱtheȱvolumeȱofȱtears C) Theyȱproduceȱlysozyme D) Theyȱproduceȱwatery,ȱslightlyȱalkalineȱsecretions E) Theyȱareȱlocatedȱinȱrecessesȱinȱtheȱfrontalȱbones Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 41) Allȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱareȱtrueȱofȱtheȱfibrousȱlayerȱofȱtheȱeyeȱexcept thatȱit A) consistsȱofȱtheȱscleraȱandȱcornea B) providesȱmechanicalȱsupportȱandȱsomeȱprotectionȱforȱtheȱeye C) producesȱaqueousȱhumor D) contributesȱsubstantialȱfocusingȱpower E) isȱwhereȱextrinsicȱeyeȱmusclesȱinsert Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 42) Whatȱstructureȱchangesȱtheȱshapeȱofȱtheȱlensȱforȱfarȱandȱnearȱvision? A) aqueousȱhumor B) ciliaryȱbody C) iris D) extrinsicȱeyeȱmuscles E) macula Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 43) Theȱeyelidsȱareȱconnectedȱatȱthe A) palpebralȱfissure B) medialȱandȱlateralȱangles C) lacrimalȱcaruncle D) chalazion E) conjunctiva Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 560ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 114) Theȱcochlearȱductȱliesȱbetweenȱwhichȱtwoȱstructures? A) utricleȱandȱsaccule B) vestibuleȱandȱsemicircularȱcanals C) basilarȱandȱtectorialȱmembranes D) scalaȱvestibuliȱandȱscalaȱtympani E) ganglionȱcellsȱandȱtheȱcochlearȱnerve Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 115) Whenȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱvibratesȱwithȱtheȱsameȱfrequencyȱasȱtheȱincomingȱsoundȱwaves itȱisȱknownȱas A) resonance B) amplitude C) pitch D) hertz E) cycles Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 116) Asȱtheȱstapesȱvibratesȱtheȱovalȱwindow,ȱpressureȱwavesȱfirstȱbegin A) inȱtheȱendolymphȱofȱtheȱscalaȱvestibuli B) inȱtheȱendolymphȱofȱtheȱscalaȱtympani C) inȱtheȱperilymphȱofȱtheȱscalaȱvestibuli D) inȱtheȱperilymphȱofȱtheȱscalaȱtympani E) inȱtheȱendolymphȱofȱtheȱcochlearȱduct Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 117) Whichȱstructureȱofȱtheȱbrainȱdoesȱnot receiveȱanyȱauditoryȱinput? A) superiorȱolivaryȱnucleusȱofȱtheȱpons B) inferiorȱcolliculiȱofȱtheȱmidbrain C) auditoryȱcortexȱofȱtheȱtemporalȱlobe D) medialȱgeniculateȱnucleusȱofȱtheȱthalamus E) pinealȱglandȱofȱtheȱepithalamus Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ17ȱȱTheȱSpecialȱSensesȱȱȱ561 118) Theȱ ȱearȱcollectsȱsoundsȱwavesȱandȱtransmitsȱthemȱtoȱtheȱ ȱear,ȱwhich containsȱauditoryȱossicles A) inner;ȱmiddle B) outer;ȱmiddle C) outer;ȱinner D) middle;ȱinner E) superficial;ȱdeep Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 119) Theȱexternalȱacousticȱmeatusȱendsȱatȱthe A) tympanicȱmembrane B) auditoryȱossicles C) cochlea D) pinna E) vestibule Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 120) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱbasilarȱmembrane? A) movesȱupȱandȱdownȱdueȱtoȱcurrentsȱinȱtheȱperilymph B) transmitsȱmovementȱofȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱtoȱtheȱinnerȱear C) supportsȱtheȱolfactoryȱorgan D) tinyȱductȱnecessaryȱforȱtheȱstaticȱsenseȱofȱequilibrium E) coversȱoverȱtheȱovalȱwindow Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 121) Theȱ ȱconvey(s)ȱinformationȱaboutȱheadȱpositionȱwithȱrespectȱtoȱgravity A) cochlea B) utricle C) ampulla D) saccule E) utricleȱandȱtheȱsaccule Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 122) Aȱsoundȱwithȱaȱfrequencyȱofȱ12,000ȱhertzȱwould A) beȱveryȱloud B) beȱbarelyȱaudible C) beȱhigh-pitched D) beȱlow-pitched E) damageȱtheȱtympanicȱmembrane Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 562ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 123) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱotoliths? A) moveȱupȱandȱdownȱwhenȱtheȱstapesȱmovesȱbackȱandȱforth B) transmitȱmovementȱofȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱtoȱtheȱinnerȱear C) bendingȱtheseȱproducesȱreceptorȱpotentialȱinȱhairȱcells D) tinyȱweightsȱnecessaryȱforȱtheȱstaticȱsenseȱofȱequilibrium E) sealȱtheȱovalȱwindow Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 124) Theȱauditoryȱossiclesȱconnectȱthe A) tympanicȱmembraneȱtoȱtheȱovalȱwindow B) tympanicȱmembraneȱtoȱtheȱroundȱwindow C) ovalȱwindowȱtoȱtheȱroundȱwindow D) stapediusȱtoȱtheȱtympanicȱmembrane E) otitisȱtoȱtheȱmedia Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 125) TheȱstructureȱthatȱformsȱtheȱȈroofȈȱofȱtheȱspiralȱorganȱisȱthe A) basilarȱmembrane B) tectorialȱmembrane C) stapedius D) perilymph E) endolymph Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 126) Theȱstructureȱthatȱsupportsȱtheȱspiralȱorganȱisȱthe A) tectorialȱmembrane B) basilarȱmembrane C) membranousȱlabyrinth D) vestibularȱduct E) tympanicȱmembrane Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 127) Gravityȱandȱlinearȱaccelerationȱareȱsensedȱinȱthe A) semicircularȱcanals B) cochlea C) scalaȱtympani D) sacculeȱandȱutricle E) spiralȱorgan Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ17ȱȱTheȱSpecialȱSensesȱȱȱ563 128) Theȱsensoryȱreceptorsȱofȱtheȱsemicircularȱcanalsȱareȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) saccules B) ampullaryȱcrest C) perilymph D) utricles E) basilarȱmembrane Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 129) Theȱregionȱofȱtheȱampullaȱthatȱcontainsȱtheȱreceptorsȱforȱrotationalȱ(dynamic)ȱequilibriumȱare called A) utricles B) ampullaryȱcrests C) saccules D) fovea E) maculae Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 130) Theȱsuperficialȱhardȱpartȱofȱtheȱinnerȱearȱisȱcalledȱtheȱ ȱandȱcontainsȱ A) bonyȱlabyrinth;ȱperilymph B) membranousȱlabyrinth;ȱperilymph C) membranousȱlabyrinth;ȱendolymph D) cochlea;ȱperilymph E) bonyȱlabyrinth;ȱendolymph Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 131) Movementȱofȱtheȱendolymphȱinȱtheȱsemicircularȱcanals A) producesȱaȱrushingȱsound B) allowsȱusȱtoȱhearȱlowȱtones C) signalsȱrotationalȱmovements D) signalsȱbodyȱpositionȱwithȱrespectȱtoȱgravity E) signalsȱlinearȱacceleration Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 564ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 132) Theȱstructureȱattachedȱtoȱtheȱovalȱwindowȱthatȱtransmitsȱvibrationsȱfromȱtheȱtympanic membraneȱtoȱtheȱinnerȱearȱisȱthe A) malleus B) basilarȱmembrane C) incus D) stapes E) auditoryȱtube Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 133) Lowȱfrequencyȱsoundsȱstimulateȱhairȱcellsȱonȱwhichȱpartȱofȱtheȱbasilarȱmembrane? A) areaȱcloseȱtoȱtheȱroundȱwindow B) theȱentireȱmembrane C) theȱdistalȱend D) theȱmiddleȱregion E) areaȱcloseȱtoȱtheȱovalȱwindow Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 134) Theȱenergyȱfromȱaȱpressureȱwaveȱinȱtheȱcochlearȱfluidȱisȱreleasedȱbyȱtheȱbulgingȱand stretchingȱofȱthe A) tectorialȱmembrane B) cochlearȱduct C) roundȱwindow D) vestibularȱmembrane E) ovalȱwindow Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 135) Theȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱauditoryȱtubeȱisȱto A) helpȱmaintainȱequilibrium B) amplifyȱsounds C) equalizeȱairȱpressureȱonȱbothȱsidesȱofȱtheȱtympanicȱmembrane D) redistributeȱendolymphȱafterȱhearingȱaȱsound E) provideȱaȱpassagewayȱforȱsoundȱwavesȱtoȱenterȱtheȱear Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ17ȱȱTheȱSpecialȱSensesȱȱȱ565 136) Standingȱstillȱinȱanȱelevatorȱthatȱsuddenlyȱlowersȱwillȱstimulateȱreceptorsȱinȱthe A) basilarȱmembrane B) spiralȱorgan C) semicircularȱcanals D) bonyȱlabyrinth E) utricleȱandȱsaccule Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 137) Anȱinfectionȱthatȱdamagesȱtheȱvestibularȱnerveȱcouldȱresultȱinȱaȱlossȱof A) hearingȱandȱequilibrium B) olfaction C) visualȱacuity D) hearing E) equilibrium Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 138) Theȱhairȱcellsȱofȱtheȱutricleȱandȱsacculeȱareȱclusteredȱin A) ampullae B) cristae C) ampullaryȱcupulae D) maculae E) otoconia Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 139) Theȱfrequencyȱofȱaȱperceivedȱsoundȱdependsȱon A) theȱfrequencyȱofȱstereociliaȱvibration B) theȱnumberȱofȱhairȱcellsȱthatȱareȱstimulated C) whichȱpartȱofȱtheȱcochlearȱductȱisȱstimulated D) theȱmovementȱofȱperilymphȱinȱtheȱcochlearȱduct E) theȱfrequencyȱofȱvibrationȱofȱtheȱtectorialȱmembrane Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 566ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 140) Theȱfollowingȱisȱaȱlistȱofȱtheȱstepsȱthatȱoccurȱinȱtheȱproductionȱofȱanȱauditoryȱsensation.ȱWhat isȱtheȱproperȱsequenceȱforȱtheseȱsteps? 1.ȱTheȱpressureȱwaveȱdistortsȱtheȱbasilarȱmembraneȱonȱitsȱwayȱtoȱtheȱroundȱwindow 2.ȱMovementȱofȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱcausesȱdisplacementȱofȱtheȱmalleus 3.ȱDisplacementȱofȱtheȱstereociliaȱstimulatesȱsensoryȱneuronsȱofȱtheȱcochlearȱnerve 4.ȱMovementȱofȱtheȱmalleusȱcausesȱmovementȱofȱtheȱincusȱandȱstapes 5.ȱDistortionȱofȱtheȱbasilarȱmembraneȱforcesȱtheȱhairȱcellsȱofȱtheȱspiralȱorganȱtoȱvibrateȱagainst theȱtectorialȱmembrane 6.ȱMovementȱofȱtheȱovalȱwindowȱestablishesȱpressureȱwavesȱinȱtheȱperilymphȱofȱtheȱscala vestibuli A) 2,ȱ4,ȱ1,ȱ6,ȱ5,ȱ3 B) 2,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ3,ȱ5,ȱ1 C) 2,ȱ1,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ5,ȱ3 D) 2,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ1,ȱ5,ȱ3 E) 2,ȱ5,ȱ4,ȱ6,ȱ1,ȱ3 Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 141) Perceptionȱofȱgravityȱandȱlinearȱaccelerationȱdependsȱon A) changesȱinȱtheȱpressureȱexertedȱbyȱtheȱampullaryȱcupulaȱonȱhairȱcells B) vibrationsȱofȱtheȱtectorialȱmembraneȱstrikingȱhairȱcells C) theȱforceȱexertedȱbyȱotolithsȱonȱhairȱcellsȱofȱtheȱmaculae D) theȱmovementȱofȱendolymphȱwithinȱtheȱsemicircularȱcanals E) theȱbendingȱofȱhairȱcellsȱinȱtheȱampullae Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 142) Soundȱwavesȱareȱconvertedȱintoȱmechanicalȱmovementsȱbyȱthe A) auditoryȱossicles B) cochlea C) ovalȱwindow D) roundȱwindow E) tympanicȱmembrane Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 143) Theȱcellȱbodiesȱofȱsensoryȱneuronsȱthatȱinnervateȱtheȱhairȱcellsȱofȱtheȱcochleaȱformȱthe ȱganglion A) vestibular B) spiral C) cochlear D) acoustic E) auditory Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ17ȱȱTheȱSpecialȱSensesȱȱȱ567 144) Theȱvestibularȱnucleiȱatȱtheȱboundaryȱofȱtheȱponsȱandȱtheȱmedullaȱfunctionȱinȱallȱofȱthe followingȱexcept A) integratingȱtheȱvestibularȱinformationȱarrivingȱfromȱeachȱsideȱofȱtheȱhead B) relayingȱvestibularȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱcerebellum C) relayingȱvestibularȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱcerebralȱcortex D) sendingȱcommandsȱtoȱmotorȱnucleiȱinȱtheȱbrainȱstemȱandȱspinalȱcord E) sendingȱinformationȱtoȱtheȱvestibularȱcomplexȱofȱtheȱinnerȱear Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 145) Whichȱofȱtheȱfollowingȱdescriptionsȱbestȱmatchesȱtheȱtermȱstereocilia? A) moveȱupȱandȱdownȱwhenȱtheȱstapesȱmovesȱbackȱandȱforth B) transmitȱmovementȱofȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱtoȱtheȱinnerȱear C) bendingȱtheseȱproducesȱreceptorȱpotentialȱinȱhairȱcells D) tinyȱweightsȱnecessaryȱforȱtheȱstaticȱsenseȱofȱequilibrium E) sealȱtheȱovalȱwindow Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 146) Theȱelevatedȱridgesȱwithinȱtheȱsemicircularȱcanalsȱthatȱsupportȱtheȱhairȱcellsȱareȱknownȱas A) ampullaryȱcrests B) maculae C) canals D) vestibules E) otoliths Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 147) ȱfillsȱtheȱmembranousȱlabyrinth A) Perilymph B) CSF C) Interstitialȱfluid D) Endolymph E) Blood Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 568ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 148) Theȱ ȱisȱaȱregionȱofȱdenseȱboneȱthatȱsurroundsȱandȱprotectsȱtheȱmembranous labyrinth A) sellaȱturcica B) ossicle C) auditoryȱcanal D) membranousȱlabyrinth E) bonyȱlabyrinth Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 149) ȱisȱaȱfluidȱsimilarȱtoȱcerebrospinalȱfluidȱthatȱfillsȱtheȱspaceȱbetweenȱtheȱbonyȱlabyrinth andȱtheȱmembranousȱlabyrinth A) Perilymph B) Endoplasma C) Interstitialȱfluid D) Endolymph E) Blood Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 150) Theȱhairȱcellsȱofȱtheȱcochlearȱductȱareȱlocatedȱinȱthe A) spiralȱorgan B) ossicles C) ampullaryȱcrest D) utricle E) saccule Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 151) ȱdeafnessȱresultsȱfromȱconditionsȱinȱtheȱouterȱorȱmiddleȱearȱthatȱblockȱtheȱtransferȱof vibrationsȱfromȱtheȱenvironmentȱtoȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱorȱtoȱtheȱovalȱwindow A) Sensory B) Nerve C) Conductive D) Mechanical E) Macular Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ17ȱȱTheȱSpecialȱSensesȱȱȱ569 152) ȱdeafnessȱoccursȱbecauseȱofȱaȱproblemȱinȱtheȱcochleaȱorȱsomewhereȱalongȱthe auditoryȱpathway A) Vibrational B) Nerve C) Conductive D) Mechanical E) Macular Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 153) Abnormalȱjumpyȱeyeȱmovementsȱthatȱmayȱappearȱafterȱbrainȱstemȱorȱinnerȱearȱdamageȱare called A) tinnitus B) vertigo C) strabismus D) nystagmus E) trismus Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 154) ȱsensationsȱinformȱusȱofȱtheȱpositionȱofȱtheȱheadȱinȱspaceȱbyȱmonitoringȱgravity, linearȱacceleration,ȱandȱrotation A) Nociceptor B) Proprioceptor C) Olfactory D) Gustatory E) Vestibular Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 155) Whenȱyouȱspinȱquickly,ȱyouȱmayȱfeelȱdizzy.ȱWhichȱcomponentȱofȱtheȱinnerȱearȱgeneratesȱthe sensationsȱthatȱcanȱleadȱtoȱthisȱfeeling? A) spiralȱorgan B) maculae C) otoliths D) semicircularȱcanals E) ossicles Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 570ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e Figureȱ17-2ȱTheȱEar UseȱFigureȱ17-2ȱtoȱanswerȱtheȱfollowingȱquestions: 156) IdentifyȱtheȱstructuresȱlabeledȱȈ8.Ȉ A) cochlea B) auditoryȱossicles C) auricle D) tympanicȱmembrane E) vestibule Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 157) Whichȱstructureȱcontainsȱtheȱreceptorsȱforȱhearing? A) B) C) D) 10 E) 11 Answer: E LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ17ȱȱTheȱSpecialȱSensesȱȱȱ571 158) Whichȱstructureȱisȱknownȱasȱtheȱvestibule? A) B) C) D) 10 E) 11 Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 159) Identifyȱtheȱstructureȱthatȱisȱcalledȱtheȱpinnaȱorȱauricle A) B) C) D) E) Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 160) IdentifyȱtheȱstructureȱlabeledȱȈ3.Ȉ A) cochlea B) semicircularȱcanals C) auricle D) tympanicȱmembrane E) vestibule Answer: D LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding In-Text Figure Based Questions 1) Chooseȱtheȱcorrectȱwordȱfromȱeachȱpairing:ȱTheȱlacrimalȱglandȱisȱlocatedȱ(inferior,ȱsuperior) andȱ(lateral,ȱmedial)ȱtoȱtheȱeye.ȱ(Figureȱ17 -4) A) inferior;ȱlateral B) inferior;ȱmedial C) superior;ȱlateral D) superior;ȱmedial Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 572ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 2) Amacrineȱcellsȱareȱfoundȱwhereȱwhatȱotherȱtypesȱofȱcellsȱsynapse?ȱHorizontalȱcellsȱareȱfound whereȱwhatȱotherȱtypesȱofȱcellsȱsynapse?ȱ(Figureȱ17-7) A) bipolarȱcellsȱsynapseȱwithȱganglionȱcells;ȱphotoreceptorsȱsynapseȱwithȱbipolarȱcells B) photoreceptorsȱsynapseȱwithȱbipolarȱcells;ȱbipolarȱcellsȱsynapseȱwithȱganglionȱcells C) photoreceptorsȱsynapseȱwithȱganglionȱcells;ȱbipolarȱcellsȱsynapseȱwithȱganglionȱcells D) horizontalȱcellsȱsynapseȱwithȱphotoreceptors;ȱamacrineȱcellsȱsynapseȱwithȱganglionȱcells E) horizontalȱcellsȱsynapseȱwithȱbipolarȱcells;ȱamacrineȱcellsȱsynapseȱwithȱbipolarȱcells Answer: A LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 3) Theȱtympanicȱcavityȱandȱauditoryȱossiclesȱareȱfoundȱinȱwhichȱanatomicalȱregionȱofȱtheȱear? (Figureȱ17-21) A) externalȱear B) middleȱear C) internalȱear D) temporalȱear E) vestibuleȱofȱear Answer: B LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering 4) Theȱscalaȱvestibuliȱandȱscalaȱtympaniȱcontainȱaȱdifferentȱfluidȱthanȱtheȱcochlearȱduct.ȱWhat typeȱofȱfluidȱdoesȱeachȱchamberȱcontain?ȱ(Figureȱ17-28) A) Theȱscalaȱvestibuliȱandȱscalaȱtympaniȱcontainȱvitreousȱhumor;ȱtheȱcochlearȱductȱcontains aqueousȱhumor B) Theȱscalaȱvestibuliȱandȱscalaȱtympaniȱcontainȱaqueousȱhumor;ȱtheȱcochlearȱductȱcontains vitreousȱhumor C) Theȱscalaȱvestibuliȱandȱscalaȱtympaniȱcontainȱperilymph,ȱtheȱcochlearȱductȱcontains endolymph D) Theȱscalaȱvestibuliȱandȱscalaȱtympaniȱcontainȱendolymph,ȱtheȱcochlearȱductȱcontains perilymph E) TheȱscalaȱvestibuliȱandȱscalaȱtympaniȱcontainȱCSF;ȱtheȱcochlearȱductȱcontainsȱotoliths Answer: C LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Remembering Essay Questions 1) Robbieȱhasȱbeenȱdiagnosedȱwithȱpigmentaryȱglaucoma.ȱInȱthisȱtypeȱofȱglaucoma,ȱpigment granulesȱfromȱtheȱirisȱbreakȱoffȱintoȱtheȱaqueousȱhumor.ȱDescribeȱtheȱstepsȱofȱaqueousȱhumor formation,ȱcirculation,ȱandȱdrainageȱandȱhowȱglaucomaȱmayȱdevelop Answer: Theȱepithelialȱcellsȱofȱtheȱciliaryȱprocessesȱofȱtheȱciliaryȱbodyȱproduceȱaqueousȱhumor Itȱisȱsecretedȱintoȱtheȱposteriorȱchamberȱthenȱflowsȱintoȱtheȱanteriorȱchamberȱthrough theȱpupil.ȱAfterȱfilteringȱthroughȱconnectiveȱtissuesȱatȱtheȱbaseȱofȱtheȱirisȱitȱentersȱthe scleralȱvenousȱsinusȱintoȱveinsȱinȱtheȱsclera.ȱIfȱpigmentȱpiecesȱblockȱtheȱscleralȱvenous sinusȱcanalȱtheȱfluidȱthatȱisȱcontinuouslyȱproducedȱcannotȱdrainȱatȱtheȱsameȱrateȱand intraocularȱpressureȱwillȱincreaseȱcausingȱglaucoma LearningȱOutcome: 17-3 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc Chapterȱ17ȱȱTheȱSpecialȱSensesȱȱȱ573 2) Sallyȇsȱdriverȇsȱlicenseȱindicatesȱthatȱsheȱmustȱwearȱglassesȱwhenȱsheȱdrives.ȱSheȱdoesȱnotȱneed glassesȱtoȱseeȱobjectsȱthatȱareȱclose.ȱWhatȱtypeȱofȱlensesȱisȱinȱSallyȇsȱeyeglasses?ȱHowȱdoȱthey work? Answer: Sallyȱisȱapparentlyȱnearsightedȱ(myopic)ȱandȱneedsȱdivergingȱlensesȱtoȱcorrectȱthe conditionȱbyȱmovingȱtheȱfocalȱdistanceȱbackȱinȱtheȱeyeȱtoȱtheȱretina LearningȱOutcome: 17-4 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying 3) Traceȱtheȱpathwayȱofȱaȱnerveȱimpulseȱfromȱtheȱeyeȱtoȱtheȱcortex Answer: ganglionȱcellȱȱopticȱnerveȱ(cranialȱnerveȱI)ȱthroughȱopticȱchiasmȱȱlateralȱgeniculate nucleusȱofȱthalamusȱȱprimaryȱvisualȱcortexȱ(occipitalȱlobe) LearningȱOutcome: 17-5 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 4) Whatȱsixȱbasicȱstepsȱareȱinvolvedȱinȱtheȱprocessȱofȱhearing? Answer: (1)ȱSoundȱwavesȱarriveȱatȱtheȱtympanicȱmembrane (2)ȱMovementȱofȱtheȱtympanicȱmembraneȱcausesȱdisplacementȱofȱtheȱauditoryȱossicles (3)ȱMovementȱofȱtheȱstapesȱatȱtheȱovalȱwindowȱestablishesȱpressureȱwavesȱinȱthe perilymphȱofȱtheȱvestibularȱduct (4)ȱTheȱpressureȱwavesȱdistortȱtheȱbasilarȱmembraneȱonȱtheirȱwayȱtoȱtheȱroundȱwindow ofȱtheȱtympanicȱduct (5)ȱVibrationȱofȱtheȱbasilarȱmembraneȱcausesȱvibrationȱofȱhairȱcellsȱandȱbendingȱof stereociliaȱagainstȱtheȱtectorialȱmembrane (6)ȱInformationȱaboutȱtheȱregionȱandȱintensityȱofȱstimulationȱisȱrelayedȱtoȱtheȱbrainȱstem overȱtheȱcochlearȱbranchȱofȱNȱVIII LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Understanding 5) Eachȱofȱtheȱspecialȱsensesȱcanȱbeȱexpectedȱtoȱdeclineȱinȱsomeȱwayȱoverȱtime.ȱDescribeȱsomeȱof theȱchangesȱcommonlyȱseenȱinȱtheȱfunctionȱofȱtheȱspecialȱsensesȱwithȱage Answer: Olfactoryȱreceptorsȱareȱreducedȱinȱnumberȱandȱolfactoryȱglandsȱdeclineȱinȱactivity.ȱBoth changesȱreduceȱolfactoryȱacuity.ȱGustatoryȱsenseȱdeclinesȱwithȱaȱdeclineȱinȱtheȱnumber ofȱtasteȱbudsȱandȱtasteȱreceptors.ȱVisionȱsuffersȱfromȱaȱlossȱofȱretinalȱfunction,ȱclouding ofȱlensȱandȱcornea,ȱandȱlossȱofȱlensȱelasticity,ȱleadingȱtoȱsenileȱhyperopiaȱ(presbyopia) Hearingȱdeclinesȱdueȱtoȱaccumulationȱofȱcerumen,ȱscarringȱofȱtheȱtympanum,ȱarthritis ofȱtheȱossicularȱchain,ȱandȱlossȱofȱproximalȱhairȱcellsȱinȱtheȱorganȱofȱCorti,ȱleadingȱto high-toneȱdeafness.ȱBalanceȱdeclinesȱdueȱtoȱnerveȱproblems,ȱfluidȱproblems,ȱand vascularȱproblems,ȱleadingȱtoȱfaultyȱorȱdelayedȱvestibularȱinformation.ȱThatȱdecline coupledȱwithȱaȱsluggishȱandȱweakȱmotorȱresponseȱincreasesȱtheȱriskȱofȱfallsȱand consequentȱtrauma LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 574ȱȱȱTestȱBankȱforȱFundamentalsȱofȱAnatomyȱ&ȱPhysiology,ȱ11e 6) Howȱwouldȱblockageȱofȱtheȱauditoryȱ(Eustachian)ȱtubeȱatȱitsȱexitȱinȱtheȱnasopharynxȱby lymphaticȱtissueȱ(ȈadenoidsȈ)ȱaffectȱearȱfunctionȱandȱhealth? Answer: Blockageȱofȱtheȱauditoryȱtubeȱleadsȱtoȱpainȱbecauseȱpressureȱcannotȱequilibrateȱbetween theȱmiddleȱearȱandȱtheȱatmosphere.ȱAlso,ȱfluidȱcanȱaccumulateȱ(otitisȱmedia)ȱinȱthe middleȱear,ȱwhichȱisȱalsoȱpainfulȱandȱpotentiallyȱinfective.ȱUntreated,ȱadenoidsȱcanȱlead toȱscarringȱofȱtheȱtympanumȱandȱsomeȱlossȱofȱhearing LearningȱOutcome: 17-6 BloomȇsȱTaxonomy: Applying Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc ... 560ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e 114) Theȱcochlearȱductȱliesȱbetweenȱwhichȱtwoȱstructures? A) utricle and saccule B) vestibule and semicircularȱcanals C) basilar and tectorialȱmembranes... 538ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e 17) Asȱweȱage A) tasteȱbudȱsensitivityȱincreases B) tasteȱbudȱsensitivityȱdoubles C) theȱnumber of tasteȱbudsȱincreases D) theȱnumber of tasteȱbudsȱdecreases... Copyrightȱ©ȱ2018ȱPearsonȱEducation,ȱInc 542ȱȱ Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 11e 35) Which of theȱfollowingȱisȱincorrectly matched? A) anteriorȱchamber:ȱbetweenȱtheȱcornea and theȱiris B) posteriorȱchamber:ȱbetweenȱtheȱiris and theȱlens