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KẾ TOÁN 26E giúp nâng cao tư duy của học sinh với nội dung giải quyết từng giai đoạn của quá trình học tập từ động lực đến thành thạo. Hệ thống tích hợp này thúc đẩy sinh viên học tập, cung cấp các cơ hội thực hành để chuẩn bị tốt hơn cho các kỳ thi và giúp sinh viên đạt được thành thạo với các công cụ để giúp họ tạo kết nối và nhìn thấy bức tranh lớn. Hệ thống học tập hoàn chỉnh được xây dựng xung quanh cách sinh viên sử dụng sách giáo khoa và tài nguyên trực tuyến để học, nghiên cứu và hoàn thành bài tập về nhà, cho phép họ đạt được thành công cuối cùng trong khóa học này. Nội dung mới bao gồm Triển lãm động do tác giả viết cho phép sinh viên thấy các kết nối và mối quan hệ hơn bao giờ hết Triển lãm động cho phép sinh viên thay đổi các biến trong một kịch bản và xem cách thay đổi gợn qua hệ thống kế toán, giúp sinh viên hiểu các khái niệm liên quan đến nhau như thế nào. Ngoài nhiều tài sản kỹ thuật số mới được tạo cho phiên bản này, nội dung sách giáo khoa cũng đã được sửa đổi để bao gồm tiêu chuẩn ghi nhận doanh thu mới và nhấn mạnh hơn vào các công ty dịch vụ trong các chương kế toán quản lý.
CHAPTER The Adjusting Process Warren Reeve Duchac ©2016 human/iStock/360/Getty Images Accounting 26e Nature of the Adjusting Process (slide of 2) • • The accounting period concept requires that revenues and expenses be reported in the proper period Under the accrual basis of accounting, revenues are reported on the income statement in the period in which they are earned o o • For example, revenue is reported when the services are provided to customers Cash may or may not be received from customers during this period The accounting concept supporting this reporting of revenues is called the revenue recognition concept Nature of the Adjusting Process (slide of 2) • • • Under accrual accounting, revenues are recognized when services have been performed or products have been delivered to customers Revenue is measured as assets received, such as cash or accounts receivable, in exchange for a service or product This process of recording revenues is called revenue recognition The accounting concept supporting reporting revenues and related expenses in the same period is called the matching concept Under the cash basis of accounting, revenues and expenses are reported on the income statement in the period in which cash is received or paid The Adjusting Process (slide of 2) • Under the accrual basis, some of the accounts need updating at the end of the accounting period for the following reasons: o o o Some expenses are not recorded daily Some revenues and expenses are incurred as time passes rather than as separate transactions Some revenues and expenses may be unrecorded The Adjusting Process (slide of 2) • • The analysis and updating of accounts at the end of the period before the financial statements are prepared is called the adjusting process The journal entries that bring the accounts up to date at the end of the accounting period are called adjusting entries Types of Accounts Requiring Adjustment • The following basic types of accounts require adjusting entries: o o o o Prepaid expenses are the advance payment of future expenses and are recorded as assets when cash is paid Unearned revenues are the advance receipt of future revenues and are recorded as liabilities when cash is received Accrued revenues are unrecorded revenues that have been earned and for which cash has yet to be received Accrued expenses are unrecorded expenses that have been incurred and for which cash has yet to be paid Depreciation Expense (slide of 4) • • • • Fixed assets, or plant assets, are physical resources that are owned and used by a business and are permanent or have a long life As time passes, a fixed asset loses its ability to provide useful services This decrease in usefulness is called depreciation All fixed assets, except land, lose their usefulness and, thus, are said to depreciate As a fixed asset depreciates, a portion of its cost should be recorded as an expense This periodic expense is called depreciation expense Depreciation Expense (slide of 4) • • The fixed asset account is not decreased (credited) when making the related adjusting entry This is because both the original cost of a fixed asset and the depreciation recorded since its purchase are reported on the balance sheet Instead, an account entitled Accumulated Depreciation is increased (credited) Accumulated depreciation accounts are called contra accounts, or contra asset accounts Depreciation Expense (slide of 4) • Normal titles for fixed asset accounts and their related contra asset accounts are as follows: Depreciation Expense (slide of 4) • • The difference between the original cost of the office equipment and the balance in the accumulated depreciation—office equipment account is called the book value of the asset (or net book value) It is computed as follows: Book Value of Asset = Cost of the Asset – Accumulated Depreciation of Asset Adjusted Trial Balance • The purpose of the adjusted trial balance is to verify the equality of the total debit and credit balances before the financial statements are prepared Financial Analysis and Interpretation: Vertical Analysis • Comparing each item in a financial statement with a total amount from the same statement is referred to as vertical analysis ... have been delivered to customers Revenue is measured as assets received, such as cash or accounts receivable, in exchange for a service or product This process of recording revenues is called... the same period is called the matching concept Under the cash basis of accounting, revenues and expenses are reported on the income statement in the period in which cash is received or paid The... revenues that have been earned and for which cash has yet to be received Accrued expenses are unrecorded expenses that have been incurred and for which cash has yet to be paid Depreciation Expense