MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY LÊ THÁI HÒA ENGLISH NOMINAL CLAUSES AND THEIR VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION VERSION IN “GONE WITH THE WIND” NOVEL (MỆNH ĐỀ DANH TÍNH TIẾNG ANH VÀ BẢN DỊCH TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG CỦA CHÚNG TRONG CUỐN TIỂU THUYẾT “CUỐN THEO CHIỀU GIÓ) M.A THESIS Field: English Language Code: 8220201 Hanoi, 2018 II MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY LÊ THÁI HÒA ENGLISH NOMINAL CLAUSES AND THEIR VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION VERSION IN “GONE WITH THE WIND” NOVEL (MỆNH ĐỀ DANH TÍNH TIẾNG ANH VÀ BẢN DỊCH TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG CỦA CHÚNG TRONG CUỐN TIỂU THUYẾT “CUỐN THEO CHIỀU GIÓ) Field: English Language Code: 8220201 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr HOANG TUYET MINH Hanoi, 2018 II STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled “ENGLISH NOMINAL CLAUSES AND THEIR VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION VERSION IN “GONE WITH THE WIND” NOVEL submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Language Except where the reference is indicated, no other person‟s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, 2018 Lê Thái Hòa Approved by SUPERVISOR Assoc Prof Dr Hoàng Tuyết Minh Date:…………………… II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Dr Hoàng Tuyết Minh of Ha Noi Open University for her enormously helpful advice, constant and tireless help and support throughout this study I would also thank the organizers of this master course, Assoc Prof Dr Nguyễn Văn Đạo, the Head of the Department of Post –Graduate Studies, My sinsere thanks go to Ms Lê Phương Thảo and the whole staff of the department of Post Graduate Studies of Ha Noi Open University for their help, encouragement, assistant and valuable advice I wish to acknowledge my gratitude to the teachers teaching at at the Department of Post Graduate Studies of Ha Noi Open University, whose helpful and interesting lectures on the area of valuable knowledge have enlightened the arguments in the study I highly appreciate the helpful advice, assistance and participation from my colleagues, friends and students at HOU My work could not be in good progress without them Finally, I am so indebted to my parents, my wife and my family for the support and encouragement the provided during the course However, the study still has limitations, so all suggestions and recommendations would be welcomed Hanoi, November 2018 Lê Thái Hòa II TABLE OF CONTENT STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii ABSTRACT vii SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS viii LIST OF TABLES ix CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 11 1.1 Rationale 11 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study 11 1.3 Research questions 12 1.4 Methods of the study 12 1.5 Scope of the study 12 1.6 Significance of the study 12 1.7 Structure of the study 13 CHAPTER II: LITTERATURE REVIEW 14 2.1 Previous studies 14 2.1.2 An overview of clauses in English 15 2.1.3Types of clause 16 2 An overview of English Nominal clause 17 2.3 Realization of nominal clauses in English 18 2.3.1 That-Clauses 18 2.3.2 Wh-Interrogative Clauses 19 2.3.3 Yes-No and Alternative Interrogative Clause 20 2.3.4 Nominal Relative Clause 20 2.3.5 To-Infinitive Nominal Clauses 22 2.3.6 Nominal – ing clauses 23 2.3.7 Nominal bare infinitive clauses 25 2.4 Summary 25 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 27 3.1 Setting of the study 27 3.2 Methods of the study 27 3.3 Data collection and analysis 28 II 3.4 Procedures 28 3.5 Summary 29 CHAPTER IV 30 4.1 That – Clause 30 4.2 Wh – interrogative clauses 34 4.3 Yes - No and Alternative interrogative clauses 38 4.4 Nominal relative clauses 41 4.5 To-Infinitive nominal Clauses 45 4.6 –ing Clauses 49 4.7 Bare Infinitive 53 4.8 Implications for teaching English nominal clauses 54 4.9 Summary 55 CHAPER V: CONCLUSION 59 5.1 Summary 59 5.2 Concluding remark 59 5.3 Limitations and suggestions for further study 61 II ABSTRACT This graduate thesis analyzes the occurrence of the nominal clauses in “Gone with the wind” novel Nominal clauses were chosen because the writer tried to give understanding about the types and functions of nominal clauses and extra knowledge to avoid ambiguity in comprehending long and sophisticated sentences Nominal clauses have seven types and eight different functions Those types are the That-clauses, the wh-interrogative clauses, the yes-no interrogative clauses, the nominal relative clauses, the to-infinitive nominal clauses, the –ing nominal clauses and bare infinitive clauses As for function, they can be a subject, a direct object, an indirect object, a subject complement, an object complement, an appositive, a prepositional complement, and an adjectival complement Each type has a role as a sub-clause in the sentence In this thesis, there are two problems to study The first problem deals with the types of nominal clauses used in “Gone with the wind” novel This problem examines the data from a syntactic perspective The second problem deals with the stylistic functions of those in the sentence For the second problem, a stylistic perspective will be the core of the analysis The research is an empirical research The writer collected data of the nominal clauses from the “Gone with the wind” novel From the data, the research has drawn out the concluding table for each function with the aim at clarifying the similarities as well as differences between the two languages In order to conduct the study, Descriptive, Comparative, Quantitative and Qualitative methods are used to fulfill the duty of the research and to simplify the reader in understanding the novel II SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS Adj (A) Adjective AdjC (AC) Adjective Complement App Appositive C Complement CA Contrastive Analysis Co Object Complement Cs Subject Complement Inf Infinitive L1 First Language L2 Foreign Language N Noun NP Noun Phrase O Object Od Direct Object Oi Indirect Object Op Operator Prep Preposition Prep.C Preposition Complement Q-element Clause element containing the Q-word Q-word Interrogative word S Subject S1 The subject of the first clause S2 The subject of the second clause V Verb VP Verb Phrase II LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 English That – clauses Subject in English and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.2 English that – clauses direct object and their Vietnamese equivalents 30 31 Table 4.3 English that – clauses Subject Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.4 English that – clauses Appositive and their Vietnamese equivalents 32 33 Table 4.5 English that – clauses Adjectival Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents 33 Table 4.6 The English Wh – Interrogative Clauses Subject and their Vietnamese equivalents 34 Table 4.7 The English Wh – Interrogative clauses Direct Object and its Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.8 English Wh – Interrogative Clauses Subject Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.9 English Wh –Interrogative Clauses Appositive and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.10 English Wh –Interrogative Clauses Adjectival Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.11 English Wh –Interrogative Clauses Prepositional Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.12 Yes /No Interrogative Clauses Subject and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.13 English Yes /No Interrogative Clauses Subject Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.14 English Yes /No Interrogative Clauses Direct Object and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.15 English Yes /No Interrogative Clauses Prepositional Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.16 English Yes /No Interrogative Clauses Adjectival Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.17 English Nominal Relative Clauses Subject and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.18 English Nominal Relative Clauses Direct Object and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.19 English Nominal Relative Clauses Indirect Object and II 34 35 36 36 37 38 38 39 40 40 41 42 their Vietnamese equivalents 43 Table 4.20 English Nominal Relative Clauses Subject Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents 43 Table 4.21 English Nominal Relative Clauses Object Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.22 English Nominal Relative Clauses Prepositional Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.23 English To-infinitive Nominal Clauses Subject and their Vietnamese equivalents 44 45 46 Table 4.24 English To-infinitive Nominal Clauses Direct Object and their Vietnamese equivalents 47 Table 4.25 English To-infinitive Nominal Clauses Subject Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.26 English To-infinitive Nominal Clauses Adjectival Complement 47 and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.27 English Nominal –ing Clauses Subject and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.28 English Nominal –ing Clauses Direct Object and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.29 English Nominal –ing Clauses Subject Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.30 English Nominal –ing Clauses Prepositional Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.31 English Nominal –ing Clauses Adjectival Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.32 English Nominal bare infinitive Clauses Subject Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents Table 4.33 English Nominal bare infinitive Clauses Object Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents 48 49 50 51 51 52 52 53 Table 4.34 Summary the similarities and differences between English nominal clauses and their Vietnamese equivalents in terms of their syntactic and semantic features 56 II Đi ăn nhiều bất ngờ hơn, Rhett biết rõ cách gọi thức ăn nghệ thuật nấu nướng [page 749] Table 4.27 English Nominal –ing Clauses Subject and their Vietnamese equivalents English - Nominal – ing clause + V + … Ing form - Possessive + Ing form + … + V + … VP + V + … Việc + VP + V + … Vietnamese Sự/ Việc + VP + V + … 4.6.2 Direct Object Nominal-ing clause as direct object can come directly after the head verb Or it can be separated from the head verb by a noun or a pronoun After the head verb: to admit; to advise; to anticipate; to avoid; to cease; to dread; to continue; to delay; to deny; to mention; to stop; to intend; to enjoy etc Examples from “Gone with the wind” novel and their Vietnamese translation version God’lmighty, Ma ought to stop licking us! We’re nineteen and Tom’s twenty one, and she acts like we’re six years old.‖ [page 10] Thiên địa ơi, má đừng đánh bọn phải Hai đứa mày mười chin tuổi anh Tom hai mươi mốt, mà làm đám lên sáu [page 9] ―Miss Pitty told us they hadn’t intended announcing it till next year, because Miss Melly hasn’t been very well [page 13] Theo Pity người ta muốn để sang năm mớiloan báo Melly khơng khỏe [page 12] But this man seemed not to care for rules and evidently enjoyed talking of things no one ever talked about [page 170] Còn tên đàn ơng khơng quan tâm đến tục lệ hiển nhiên thích thú bàn chuyện chẳng buồn nói tới [page 177] Table 4.28 English Nominal –ing Clauses Direct Object and their Vietnamese equivalents English … V1 + V2 + ing + … Vietnamese … V + V2 + … 4.6.3 Subject Complement The nominal-ing clause as subject complement is used with appositive meaning It often comes after the link verbs “to be”and “to mean” However, The nominal-ing clause as subject complement goes with “to be” quite rare in the “Gone with the wind” novel, so II the examples focus on “to mean” The The nominal-ing clause subject complement is used similarly to the Vietnamese version Examples from “Gone with the wind” novel and their Vietnamese translation version ―Of course, it will mean fighting,‖ said Charles, after several more embarrassed attempts ―But don’t you fret, Miss Scarlett, it’ll be over in a month and we’ll have them howling [page 118] Dĩ nhiên phải chiến đấu, đừng băn khoăn, Scarlett! Chỉ có chiến thắng, toàn thắng [page 124] It would mean leaving the Church! Scarlett thought it over and decided that, in a choice between the Church and Ashley, she would choose Ashley! [page 259] Làm có nghĩa từ bỏ giáo đường! Nghĩ tới nghĩ lui, Scarlett nhận thấy Giáo hội Ashley, phải chọn lựa , nàng chọn Ashley [page 266] ―No, Miss Wilkes There’s work for you You must go for a doctor— Not Dr Meade He’s implicated in this and is probably explaining to the Yankees at this very minute [page 742] Chưa được, Wilkes Còn nhiều việc cần nhờ tới Cần gọi bác sỹ…bác sỹ Meade khơng Ông ta tham dự vụ có lẽ tranh cãi với bọn Yankees [page 709] Table 4.29 English Nominal –ing Clauses Subject Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents English S+V (copula) Vietnamese S + / + VP + ing –clause 4.6.4 Prepositional Complement Nominal-ing clause may serve as prepositional complement after a verb, an adjective or a noun It is said that there is almost no structural difference between the –ing clause as preposition complement in English and the Vietnamese equivalence However, in Vietnamese the way to use the word depends on the meaning of the verb in particular cases Examples from “Gone with the wind” novel and their Vietnamese translation version He’s kind of set on getting an education, and you two have pulled him out of the University of Virginia and Alabama and South Carolina and now Georgia [page 8] Boyd hiếu học, hai anh lại làm cho anh lần lượtphải bỏ học Virgninia, Alabama, South Carolina tới Georgia [page 7] And anyway, the Yankees are too scared of us to fight There won’t be any war, and I’m tired of hearing about it.‖ [page 9] II Vả lại, bọn Yankee sợ dám đánh Nhất định khơng có chiến tranh đâu, tơi chán nghe chuyện [page 8] The boys were enchanted, as she had intended them to be, and they hastened to apologize for boring her [page 9] Đúng Scarlett mong mỏi, hai vội xin lỗi làm nàng vui [page 8] Table 4.30 English Nominal –ing Clauses Prepositional Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents … V + Prep + ing clause English … N + Prep + ing clause … Adj + Prep + ing clause V1 + (Prep) + (Việc/ chuyện) + V2 + … Vietnamese N + (Prep) + (Việc/ chuyện) + V + … Adj + (Prep) + (Việc/ chuyện) + V + … 4.6.5 Adjectival Complement The nominal-ing clause as adjective complement is lexically dependent The number of adjective with which it is used is quite considerable The most frequently seen are: “busy” and “worth” Examples from “Gone with the wind” novel and their Vietnamese translation version This was worth getting expelled from the university [page 13] Vậy bị đuổi khỏi Đại học chẳng có đáng tiếc [page 13] ―It is too, Melly, and if you weren’t always so busy looking for the good in people that haven’t got any good in them, you’d see it [page 116] Thật Melly, chị khơng bận rộn tối ngày tìm hay người bê bối, chị thấy điều [page 122] When noon came, she put off her apron and sneaked away from the hospital while Mrs Merriwether was busy writing a letter for a gangling, illiterate mountaineer [page 277] Tới trưa, nàng vội cởi áo choàngvà bệnh viện lúc bà Merriwether bận viết thư giùm anh chàng người sơn cước mù chữ [page 281] Table 4.31 English Nominal –ing Clauses Adjectival Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents English … + Adj + V + ing … Vietnamese … V/ Adj + (trong/ / với + (việc) + VP + … II 4.7 Bare Infinitive Based on Qirk theory (1985:1067) the nominal bare infinitive clause is servely limited in its functions It may be the subject complement or rarely the subject in a pseudo cleft sentence A bare infinitive clause may function as object complement with a relatively few superordinate verbs 4.7.1 Subject Complement The nominal bare infinitive clauses as subject complement mostly come after the verb “to be” The choice between bare- infinitive or to-infinitive depends on the purpose Examples from “Gone with the wind” novel and their Vietnamese translation version But how much more beautiful is sacrifice than all the gold and gems of the Ind [ page 171] Nhưng hy sinh cao quý tất vàng bạc châu báu Ấn Độ gom lại [ page 179] Table 4.32 English Nominal bare infinitive Clauses Subject Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents English S + be + V… Vietnamese S + (thì/ là) + V … 4.7.2 Object Complement The nominal bare infinitive object complement only goes with few verbs like: “make; let; help” The decision to use bare infinitive clause sometimes depends on the structure of the sentence Examples from “Gone with the wind” novel and their Vietnamese translation version And she fusses around so much, trying to the right thing and make you feel at home, that she always manages to say and just exactly the wrong thing [ page 18] Bà ta, lúc rối rít, săn đón, cố làm cho khách thoải mái, cuối nói làm tồn chuyện khơng phải chỗ [ page 17] This knowledge did not make Gerald feel inferior to his neighbors: Nothing could ever make Gerald feel that he was inferior in any way to anyone [ page 51] Tuy biết thế, ông không muốn hạ thể diện chút láng giềng Chẳng có khiến cho Gẻald O’Hara tán tỉnh gái [ page 47] In the bedroom where the wraps were laid, she found Cathleen Calvert preening before the mirror and biting her lips to make them look redder [ page 94] Trong phòng ngủ, nơi cất gói áo, nàng thấy Cathleen Calvert sửa sang mái tóc trước gương cắn môi đỏ thắm [ page 98] II Table 4.33 English Nominal bare infinitive Clauses Object Complement and their Vietnamese equivalents English S + (make/ let/ help) + (O) +V…… Vietnamese S + (ép buộc/ để/ giúp) + (ai) + V… 4.8 Implications for teaching English nominal clauses In order to teach English nominal clauses, teachers should help students become familiar and master the functions and types of English nominal clauses as well as their Vietnamese equivalents First of of, because of the quite large scale of English nominal clauses, teachers should focus on the definition of what an English nominal clause is in order to help learners grasp the key element of the structure And then the positions or functions must be worked out clearly and exercises toward function should be practrised regularly so that learners can find out the differences between them: There are four posible functions that English nominal clauses may play a role in English sentence structures They are: Subject, Object, Complement and Appositive Every English nominal may function in some or all of these functions English nominal clauses can be realized through eight types: Thatclauses; Wh-interrogative clauses; Yes-No interrogative clauses; Exclamative clauses; Nominal relative clauses, To-infinitive clauses; Ing-clauses and bare infinitive clauses This teaching method grants students master the realization of English nominal clauses Another effective teaching method which teachers can use is to encourage group work or pair work among students Teachers can get students practice in pair or group of three in the classroom To optimize the learning experience, The real-life circumstance and real-life conservation provide share learning experiences and opportunities for them to learn through peer correction and clarification This has been proved to be one of the most effective method because of the fact that students who connect with each other can attain high level of thinking and preserve information for longer than those working on their own One of the next teaching methods for English nominal clauses is that teachers can hold a contest in which one group creates English nominal clauses However, there are some sentences are right in grammatical rule and the others contain mistakes Other groups will determine which sentences are correct and which are not The group which has the most correct answers in the fastest time will be the winner This method makes the learning process more exciting and increase more competitive among students This is a way to help students put English nominal clauses inti their long term memory Finally, it is a fact that not all students learn in the same way Neither all teachers teach in the same way However, teachers should teach what the students need not II what he knows When teaching English Nominal Clauses, together with teaching the eight majors types of it, teachers should point out the differences and similarities between English Nominal Clauses and their Vietnamese equivalents This will help the learners avoid commiting intralingual errors The teacher should also help the learners avoid commiting developmental errors by pointing out the differences between English Nominal Clauses and the structures that they have learnt before, for example the word order of the English Wh-Interrogative Clause is “ Wh-word + statement” not “Wh-word + Op-n‟t + S” of the Wh-question Owing to in learning process, the learners may fail to distinguish: + English Nominal Clauses with Adjective Clauses (E.g: “He stopped watching the film on the TV” , and He stopped to watch the film on the TV” + That – Clause Appopsitive and Adjective Clause (: My opinion that you disagree with so strongly has not been properly represented” and “ My opinion, that no action need to be taken yet, is shared by most of us here) + That – Clauses with comment clauses: (e.g “ You know, I think you are wrong” and “ You know (that) I think you are wrong”) It could be the teacher who should help the learners to overcome the above –mentioned confusion 4.9 Summary In this chapter, the writer has taken an investigation on English nominal clauses from “Gone with the wind” novel as well as provided the Vietnamese translation version into types and functions with a structural table drawn from each function This chaper covers mostly English nominal clauses and with the Vietnamese translation, readers can master the similarities as well as the differences bet ween the two languages There are some functions of English nominal clauses not including in the “Gone with the wind” novel so they are not presented in the examples as well as their structures II Table 4.34 Summary the similarities and differences between English nominal clauses and their Vietnamese equivalents in terms of their syntactic and semantic features That Clauses S Od Cs App AC S Od Wh-Interrogative Clauses English Func-tions Kinds of nomin al clause s Cs App AC Pre C Vietnamese That + Clause + Verb + C Copula Causative Verb expressing Emotive Việc/sự/cuộc + Clause + V + C Điều/chuyện Copula Causative Verb expressing emotive … V +(O) + That + Clause … V + (O) + + Clause S+V Be (copula) S + V + Clause Sự thực/ là/thì Thực tế/ có nghĩa ……… +(That) + Clause The fact+ (that) + Clause Clause ending in a factive abstract noun Việc/ sự/ …+ (rằng) + Clause Clause ending in a factive abstract noun S + V + Adj + That – Clause (copula) S + V (thì/là + Adj + + Clause trở nên) Q – word + Clause +… (việc) + Clause + Q - + V + … (việc) + Q – word + Clause + V … S + V + Q – word + Clause S + V + Q – word + Clause S + V + Clause + Q – word S + V + Q - word + Clause (copula) S+V (là) S+V (là) N + Q – word + Clause + … (Abstract) Clause ending in factive + Q - word abstract N S+V + Q - word + Clause + Clause + Q - word N (abstract) + Q – word + Clause + … Clause ending in + Q – word + Clause factive abstract N + Adj + Q – word + Clause S + là/thì S + là/thì + Adj + Q – word + Clause + Adj + Clause + Q – word S + V + (Prep) + (việc) + Q – word + Clause S + V (copula) + Adj + Prep + Q – word + Clause S + V + Prep + Q – word + Clause N + Prep + Q – word + Clause … N + (Prep) + (việc) + Clause + Q – word II Yes-No Interrogative Clauses Vietnamese Whether + Clause + (or not) + V + (…) Whether + (or not) + Clause + V + (…) It + V + Adj + whether … + Clause Dù/liệu + Clause + hay không + V + (…) Dù/liệu + Clause + hay chưa + V + (…) Cs S+V (be) S+V (là) Od S+V (factual) S + Whether (or not) + Clause +( liệu) + Clause … + hay chưa/ hay không S + V + (liệu) + S + V … + hay không + whether / if + Clause S + V + Prep + Whether + (or not) + Clause… S + V(be) + Adj + Prep + whether + (or not) Prep.C + Clause N + Prep + whether + Clause S + V + Prep + ( liệu) + Clause + hay không S + V + Prep +(liệu) + Clause + hay không N + Prep +( liệu)+ Clause + hay không S + V + Adj + whether / if + Clause (copula) S+V+ Adj + whether + to-infinitive (copula) + Clause S + (thì) + Adj + (dù/ liệu) + Clause + hay + không S Q – word + (S) + V1 + V + … (copula) Q – word + (S) + V1 + V + … (thì/ là) Od S + V + Q – word + Clause S + V + Q – word + Clause AC Nominal Relative Clauses English Func-tions Kin ds of nom inal clau ses Oi (S) + V + OI (Q – word + Clause) whoever whatever +OD (S) + V + OD + Prep + OI (Q-word + Clause) bất kỳ/cứ bất kỳ/ Cs S+V (copula) Co (S) + V + O + CO (Q-word + Clause) (S) + V + O + C S + V + Prep + C Prep (Q-word + Clause) S + V(be) + Adj + Prep + C Prep (Q-word + Clause) S + V + Prep + C Prep (Q-word + Clause) S + (thì) + Adj + Prep + C (Q-word + Clause) CPrep +CS (Q-word (+S) + V + … S+V (là) +C (Q-word ( + mà) + S + V + … (Q-word + Clause) II Nominal Ing Clauses To-Infinitive Nominal Clauses Vietnamese S To – infinitive + Clause + V + … It + be + Adj + to - infinitive clause It + be + Adj + for sb / sth + to – infinitive clause Việc + V1 + V2 + … (Việc) + V1 + V2 (thì) + Adj (Việc) + V1 + V2 (thì) + Adj + + N Od …V + to + V + … … V + N/Pron + to + V + … … V + N/Pron + V + … …V + V + … … V + N/Pron + V + … Cs S+V + to –infinitive Clause (copula) S + + VP … Adj + (for sb.) + to – infinitive clause … Adj + (đối với ai/ cho ai) + VP … (V + VP) S Nominal – ing clause + V + … - Ing form - Possessive + Ing form + … + V + … VP + V + … Việc + VP + V + … Sự/ Việc + VP + V + … Od … V1 + V2 + ing + … … V1 + V2 + … Cs S+V (copula) Ac CPrep AC + ing –clause S + / + VP … V + Prep + ing clause … N + Prep + ing clause … Adj + Prep + ing clause V1 + (Prep) + (Việc/ chuyện) + V2 + … N + (Prep) + (Việc/ chuyện) + V + … Adj + (Prep) + (Việc/ chuyện) + V + … … + Adj + V + ing … … V/ Adj + (trong/về /với + (việc) + VP + … Cs S + be + V… S + (thì/ là) + V … Co S + (make/ let/ help) + (O) +V…… S + (ép buộc/ để/ giúp) + (ai) + V… Clauses Bare Infinitive English Func-tions Kinds of nomin al clause s II CHAPER V: CONCLUSION 5.1 Summary This study has been an attempt at presenting, classifying and describing all the possible cases of the structures of English Nominal Status clauses toward Quirk, Randolph Et al (1985), A Comprehensive Grammar of The English Language as the background theory for the study From the background theory, the writer makes a contrastive analysis on English nominal clauses with the Vietnamese translatin version in “Gone with the wind” novel in order to find out the key elements, the functions and types of English nominal clauses in comparison with the Vietnamese equivalents This is to aim learners of English may find easily in writing, reading, speaking or understanding English nominal clauses Also, an attempt has been made at finding out how these structures are understood and realized in Vietnamese, resulting in the similarities and disfferences identifying by means of formulas 5.2 Concluding remark The purpose of this study is to give description and features of English nominal clauses and their equivalent realizations in Vietnamese to illustrate the differences and similarities of nominal clauses in the two languages Syntactically, English nominal clauses have seven types and eight functions Those types are the That-clauses, the wh-interrogative clauses, the yes-no interrogative clauses, the nominal relative clauses, the to-infinitive nominal clauses, the –ing nominal clauses and bare infinitive clauses As for function, they can be a subject, a direct object, an indirect object, a subject complement, an object complement, an appositive, a prepositional complement, and an adjectival complement However, in comparison with their Vietnamese equivalent realizations, the description and the contrastive analysisis done in the previous chapter show that there are both similsrities and disfferences between English Nominal Clauses and the Vietnamese Equivalences 5.2.1 Similarities The English structure “That S + V-(là) + Clause + Verb + Complement” is similar to the Vietnamese structure: “ Việc/ Điều/ Chuyện + Clause + thì/ là/ dường + Complement” The English structure: “S + V (copula) + adj + That + Clause” is similar to the Vietnames one: II “ S + V (là / thì/ trở nên) + Adj + Rằng/ + Clause” The English structure: “S + V + Q-word + Clause” is similar to the Vietnames one: “S + V + Q-word + Clause” The English Structure: “S + V (copula) + Q-word + Clause” is similar to the Vietnames one: “S + V + Q-word + Clause” The English Structure: “N(abstract) + Q-word + Clause” and “ Clause noun) + Q-word + Clause” are similar to Vietnamese one: “N(abstract) + Q-word + Clause” and “Clause Clause” (ending in factive abstract (ending in factive abstract noun) + Q-word + The English Structure: “ S + V(copula) + Adj + Q-word + Clause” is similar to the Vietnamese one: “S + V (thì/ là) + Adj + Q-word + Clause” The English structure: “S + V + Prep + Q-word + Clause” and “ N + Prep + Q-word + Clause” are similar to the Vietnamese ones: “S + V + (Prep) + Q-word + Clause” and “N + Prep + Q-word + Clause” 5.2.2 Differences Vietnamese is typical of isolating and analytic language It does not have the exact equivalents of English “to-infinitive clause” and nominal “-Ing clause” These clauses are correspondent to verb combinations in Vietnamese In Vietnamese there are no formal subject (position fillers) like in English (It and There) When translated into Vietnamese the “real” subject or the words that are regarded as the noun signal “ việc/ điều” must be indicated at the head of the sentence The English Wh-interrogative Clause and Nominal Relative Clause always have a Qelement at the beginning of the dependent clause, whereas, the Q-element in the Vietnamese equivalents come at the end of the causes in most cases The translation from the “Gone with the wind” novel into Vietnamese equivalents and analysis in this study has been taken from two kinds of sources: The first source is the materials or references in which the examples involved have been examined, described and classified The second source is the translation from the “Gone with the wind” novel into Vietnamese equivalents Especially, The translation equivalents have been checked and adjusted by native speakers of Vietnamese with linguistic expertise as well as the language instinct for their mother tongue II It is hoped that the present study will make a small contribution to upgrade the quality of teaching and learning pedagogical gramma of English for Vietnamese teachers and students 5.3 Limitations and suggestions for further study This thesis aims at investigating English Clause of Nominal Status and contract them with their Vietnamese equivalences However, The problem of English Nominal Clauses cannot be completely covered in such a thesis On the basic of what this paper has achieved, the following researchers may be possible: - Relationship between Noun –Phrases and Nominal Clauses - Distinction between finite and nonfinite nominal clauses in terms of structure, meaning and frequency of usage II REFERENCES In English Alexander, L.G (1998), Longman English Grammar, Longman, London Azar, B.S (1989), Understanding and using English Grammar, Prentic Hall Regents Inc 3.Borsiey, R D (1991), Syntactic Theory A Unified Approach Edward Arrnold 4.Chalker, Sylvia (1984),Current English Grammar London: Mac Millan, Close, R.A (1975), A reference Grammar for Students of English Longman, Collins Cobuild.(1990), EnglishGrammar Rupa& Co Cook, V.J (1991), Chomsky’s Universal Grammar An Introduction Basil Black well Dixon, R.M.W (1991), A New Approach to English Grammar, on Semantic Priciples Clarendon Press Oxford Dowing, Angela; Locke, Phillip (1992), A University Course in English Grammar Prentice Hall International 10 Eastwood, Jonh (1994), Oxford Guide to English Grammar Oxford University Press 11 Freeborn, Dennis.(1987), A course Book in English Grammar London: MacNillan 12 Graver, B.D (2001), Advanced English Practice, Third Edition, Oxford University Press, Hongkong 13 Halliday, M.A.K (1985), An Introduction to Functional Grammar London: Hodder and Stoughton 14 Hatch, Evelyn & Brown, Cheryl (1995), Vocabulary, Semantics, and Language Education Cambridge University Press 18 Hornby, A.S (1989), Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Oxford University Press 15 Hurford&Heasley (2001), Semantics, Cambridge University Press 16 Jacobs, R.A (1995), English Syntax: A grammar for English Language Professionals, Oxford University Press, New York 17 James, Carl (1980), Contrastive Annalysis Essex: Longman 18 Jones, Leo.(1990), Progress to First Certificate, 2nd end, revised Cambridge University Press 19 Leech, G., Startvik, I (1992), A Communicative Grammar of English Longman 20 Leech, G.N (1987), Meaning and the English Verb Longman Group Ltd 21 Margaret Mitchell (1936), Gone with the wind Macmillan Publishing Company II 22 Plalmer, Frank.(1994), Grammar.2nd edn London: Pengiun 23.Quirk, Randolph Et al (1973), A University Grammar of English, ESSEX: Longman 24 Quirk, Randolph Et al (1973), A University Grammar of English, Workbook: Longman 25 Quirk, Randolph Et al (1985), A Comprehensive Grammar of The English Language 26 Quirk, R & Greenbaum (1987), A University Grammar of English, Longman Group UK Limited, Hong Kong 27 Swan, Michael.(1980), Practical English Usage Oxford: Oxford University Press In Vietnamese 28 Diệp Quang Ban (2003), Ngữ pháp Tiếng Việt (tập 1-2), NXB Giáo Dục 29.Diệp Quang Ban (2004), Ngữ pháp Tiếng Việt: Phần câu, NXB Sư phạm 30.Trần Hữu Mạnh (2007), Ngôn ngữ học đối chiếu, Nhà xuất ĐHQG Hà Nội 31.Lê Khả Kế.(1991) English-Vietnamese Dictionary Nhà Xuất Bản: Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh 32 Vũ Kim Thư (dịch)(2012), Cuốn theo chiều gió.Nhà xuất văn học II APPENDIX II ... they may appear in “Gone with the wind” novel 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study This study is aimed at describing the features of English nominal clauses in “Gone with the wind and their Vietnamese. .. with Vietnamese translation version in a novel English nominal clauses and their Vietnamese translation version in “Gone with the wind” novel was chosen to help learners of English realize the. .. comparison with Vietnamese translation version in a novel Therefore, English nominal clauses and their Vietnamese translation version in “Gone with the wind” novel was chosen to help learners of English