ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 TEST READING PASSAGE 01 CROP-GROWING SKYSCRAPERS Sentence 01 Original sentence By the year 2050, nearly 80% of the Earth’s population will live in urban centres Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends, the human population will increase by about three billion people by then By (time), S V Ving O, S V Complete sentence Nearly 80% of the Earth’s population will live in urban centres by the year 2050 The human population will increase by about three billion people by then (if we) apply the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends Summary Nearly 80% of people on Earth will live in urban centres by the year 2050 The human population will at least increase by about three billion people by then according to the study of population Explanation in Vietnamese Tính đến năm 2050, gần 80% dân số Trái Đất sinh sống trung tâm thị Nếu áp dụng cách ước tính thận trọng vào xu hướng nhân học tại, dân số giới tăng khoảng tỷ người lúc Sentence 02 Original sentence If successfully implemented, proponents claim, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming S V (that) If V-PII, S V O1, O2, and O3 that VO Complete sentence Proponents claim (that) if (vertical farms are) successfully implemented, vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal, (vertical farms offer) sustainable production of a ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all crops), and eventually (vertical farms offer) the repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming Summary People believe that if this model is successful, vertical farms will help to renew urban areas, make sustainable food products of many kinds, and eventually repair the ecosystems that have been damaged by horizontal farming Explanation in Vietnamese Những người ủng hộ ý tưởng khẳng định áp dụng thành công, nông trại theo chiều dọc hứa hẹn làm đô thị, đem lại sản xuất bền vững nguồn thực phẩm an tồn đa dạng (thơng qua việc sản xuất quanh năm lương thực), cuối khôi phục lại hệ thống sinh thái trước phải hy sinh cho mô hình canh tác theo chiều ngang truyền thống Sentence 03 Original sentence It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted Along the way, we despoiled most of the land we worked, often turning verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts S V O (that) SV Along the way, S V O (that) SV, Ving O Complete sentence It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops (that) we now take for granted Along the way, we despoiled most of the land (that) we worked This action often turns verdant, natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts Summary Humans spent 10,000 years learning how to grow most of the crops that we now not value Along the way, we damaged most of the land we worked, thus making natural ecozones deserts Explanation in Vietnamese Con người phải 10000 năm để học cách trồng hầu hết giống trồng lương thực mà coi hiển nhiên Trong q trình đó, làm thối hóa hầu hết vùng đất canh tác thường biến chúng từ khu sinh thái tự nhiên xanh tươi trở thành sa mạc bán khô cằn Sentence 04 Original sentence ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can no more than hope for a good weather year However, more often than not now, due to a rapidly changing climate, that is not what happens S V that SVO, yet S V O and V O However, due to smth, S V what V Complete sentence This means that, for the majority, we (as) humans have shelter from the elements, yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and (we) can no more than hope for a good weather year However, more often than not now, due to a rapidly changing climate, that (a good weather year) is not what happens Summary The majority of humans are protected from the bad weather, but we make our foodbearing plants experience the bad weather conditions and hope for a good weather year However, that now cannot happen because the climate is changing quickly Explanation in Vietnamese Điều có nghĩa là, hầu hết loài người che chở khỏi yếu tố thời tiết xấu, lại để mặc cho loài sản xuất lương thực chống chọi với điều kiện khắc nghiệt bên chẳng thể làm ngồi hy vọng cho năm mưa thuận gió hòa Tuy nhiên, điều khó xảy thời tiết thay đổi nhanh chóng Sentence 05 Original sentence A major drawback of vertical farming, however, is that the plants would require artificial light Without it, those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly, reducing the efficiency of the system However, S V that SVO.Without it, S V O and V, Ving O Complete sentence However, a major drawback of vertical farming is that the plants would require artificial light Without (artificial light), those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and (those plants) grow more quickly This reduces the efficiency of the system Summary However, a big disadvantage of vertical farming is that the plants need artificial light Without it, those plants nearest the windows would get more sunlight and grow more quickly, so the system becomes less effective Explanation in Vietnamese ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS Tuynhiên, nhược điểm lớn mơ hình canh tác theo chiều dọc loài cần ánh sáng nhân tạo Khơng có ánh sáng này, gần cửa sổ tiếp xúc với nhiều ánh sáng phát triển nhanh hơn, làm giảm hiệu hệ thống Sentence 06 Original sentence Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap, renewable energy is available, and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future S V O unless SV, and S V O *cheap, renewable energy = Noun Phrase = [Adjective 1, Adjective Noun] Complete sentence Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive, unless cheap, renewable energy is available, and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future Summary Producing enough light could be very expensive unless we have cheap and renewable energy to use, and this seems to be a hope for future, not a possible thing in the near future Explanation in Vietnamese Việc tạo đủ ánh sáng đắt đỏ, trừ có sẵn nguồn lượng tái tạo giá rẻ; điều mong muốn cho tương lai khả tương lai gần Sentence 07 Original sentence At the moment, though, more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have on the environment, particularly as regards the use of energy At the moment, S V the detrimental impact (that) SVO, particulary as regards O Complete sentence However, at the moment, more (attempt) needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact that it (vertical farming) would have on the environment, particularly as regards the use of energy Summary ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS However, at the moment, we need to more things to reduce the bad impact of vertical farming on the environment, particularly impacts related to the use of energy Explanation in Vietnamese Tuy nhiên, cần làm nhiều việc để giảm thiểu ảnh hưởng có hại mơ hình canh tác theo chiều dọc đến môi trường, đặc biệt liên quan đến việc sử dụng lượng Sentence 08 Original sentence While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future, most experts currently believe it is far more likely that we will simply use the space available on urban rooftops While SV (that) SV, S V (that) S V that SVO Complete sentence While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future, currently most experts believe (that) it is far more likely that we will simply use the space available on urban rooftops Summary Although much of our food will be able to be grown in tall buildings in future, most experts now believe that we will possibly use the space on urban rooftops Explanation in Vietnamese Mặc dù có khả nhiều loại lương thực trồng tòa cao ốc tương lai, nhiên hầu hết chuyên gia tin nhiều khả đơn giản sử dụng khơng gian sẵn có mái nhà thị mà READING PASSAGE 02 THE FALKIRK WHEEL Sentence 01 Original sentence Historically, the two canals had been joined near the town of Falkirk by a sequence of 11 locks - enclosed sections of canal in which the water level could be raised or lowered - that stepped down across a distance of 1.5 km S V –[ ]- that V [ ]=(which) (be) O in which SV Complete sentence ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS Historically, the two canals had been joined near the town of Falkirk by a sequence of 11 locks which are enclosed sections of canal in which the water level could be raised or lowered These 11 locks stepped down across a distance of 1.5 km Summary The two canals had been joined near the town of Falkirk by a series of 11 locks becoming walls of canal in which the water level that stepped down across a distance of 1.5 km could be raised or lowered Explanation in Vietnamese Về mặt lịch sử, hai kênh đào nối với gần thị trấn Falkkirk dãy gồm 11 cửa- đoạn đóng kín kênh mực nước nâng lên hạ xuống- Các cửa hạ thấp dần suốt đoạn dài 1,5km Sentence 02 Original sentence When the project was launched in 1994, the British Waterways authority were keen to create a dramatic twenty-first-century landmark which would not only be a fitting commemoration of the Millennium, but also a lasting symbol of the economic regeneration of the region When SV, S V O which V not only O1, but also O2 Complete sentence When the project was launched in 1994, the British Waterways authority were keen to create a dramatic twenty-first-century landmark This landmark would not only be a fitting commemoration of the Millennium, but it is also a lasting symbol of the economic regeneration of the region Summary When the project started in 1994, the authorities of British Waterways wanted to create a landmark which will be a fitting ceremonies of the Millennium and a symbol of the economic recovery of the region Explanation in Vietnamese Khi dự án khởi công năm 1994, quan quản lý đường thủy Anh có ý định tạo dấu mốc ấn tượng kỷ 21 Đây không công trình tưởng niệm phù hợp Thiên niên kỷ mà biểu tượng lâu dài phục hồi kinh tế vùng Sentence 03 Original sentence The unique shape of the structure is claimed to have been inspired by various sources, both manmade and natural, most notably a Celtic double headed axe, but also the vast turning propeller of a ship, the ribcage of a whale or the spine of a fish ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS S V by smth, most notably O1, but also O2 Complete sentence It is claimed that the unique shape of the structure has been inspired by various sources, which are both manmade and natural This shape has been inspired most notably by a Celtic double headed axe, but also the vast turning propeller of a ship, the ribcage of a whale or the spine of a fish Summary The unique shape of the structure has been inspired by both manmade and natural sources, including most remarkably a Celtic double headed axe, the propeller of a ship, the ribcage of a whale or the spine of a fish Explanation in Vietnamese Hình dạng độc đáo cấu trúc cho lấy cảm hứng từ nhiều nguồn khác nhau, bao gồm nhân tạo lẫn tự nhiên, đáng ý hình dạng búa hai đầu thời Celtic, có cánh quạt quay khổng lồ tàu, xương sườn cá voi, hay xương sống cá Sentence 04 Original sentence In the summer of 2001, the structure was then dismantled and transported on 35 lorries to Falkirk, before all being bolted back together again on the ground, and finally lifted into position in five large sections by crane In (time),S V1 and V2, before SV, and V Complete sentence In the summer of 2001, the structure was then dismantled and transported on 35 lorries to Falkirk, before it (the structure) was bolted back together again on the ground, and finally it (the structure) was lifted into position in five large sections by crane Summary In 2001, the system was taken apart into smaller pieces and carried to Falkirl by 35 lorries Next, it was bolted back together again on the ground Finally, it was lifted into positions in five large sections by crane Explanation in Vietnamese Vào mùa hè năm 2001, cấu trúc sau tháo dỡ vận chuyển 35 xe tải thị trấn Falkirk trước chúng bắt vít với trở lại mặt đất, cuối nâng lên vào vị trí phần lớn cần trục Sentence 05 Original sentence ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS Two eight-metre-wide cogs orbit a fixed inner cog of the same width, connected by two smaller cogs travelling in the opposite direction to the outer cogs - so ensuring that the gondolas always remain level S V O, (which) V by smth - so Ving that SVO Complete sentence Two eight-metre-wide cogs orbit a fixed inner cog of the same width These cogs are connected by two smaller cogs which travel in the opposite direction to the outer cogs This ensures that the gondolas always remain level Summary Two cogs orbit a fixed cog of the same width, connected by two smaller cogs travelling in the opposite direction to the outer cogs This ensures that the gondolas always remain level Explanation in Vietnamese Hai bánh cưa rộng tám mét quay quanh cưa bên cố định có độ rộng nối hai bánh cưa nhỏ quay theo hướng ngược lại với bánh cưa bên ngoài- đảm bảo khoang chứa ln trì mức độ Sentence 06 Original sentence The Wheel could not be constructed to elevate boats over the full 35-metre difference between the two canals, owing to the presence of the historically important Antonine Wall, which was built by the Romans in the second century AD S V, Ving O, which V by smb Complete sentence The Wheel could not be constructed to elevate boats over the full 35-metre difference between the two canals This is because of the presence of the historically important Antonine Wall, which was built by the Romans in the second century AD Summary The Wheel could not be built to lift up boats over the full 35-metre difference between the two canals because there was the Antonine Wall built by the Romans in the second century AD Explanation in Vietnamese Bánh xe không xây dựng để nâng thuyền vượt chênh lệch tối đa 35 mét hai kênh đào diện tường Antonine lịch sử xây dựng người La Mã vào kỷ thứ sau Công nguyên ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS READING PASSAGE 03 Reducing the Effects of Climate Change Sentence 01 Original sentence Such is our dependence on fossil fuels, and such is the volume of carbon dioxide already released into the atmosphere, that many experts agree that significant global warming is now inevitable Inversion: Such is O, and such is O that SVO e.g Such was a difficult question that I couldn’t answer = It is such a difficult question that I couldn’t answer Complete sentence Both our dependence on fossil fuels and the volume of carbon dioxide that has been already released into the atmosphere are so great that many experts agree that significant global warming is now inevitable Summary Because we depend so much on fossil fuels and release a great amount of CO2, many experts agree that we now cannot stop global warming Explanation in Vietnamese Sự phụ thuộc vào nhiên liệu hóa thạch lượng carbon dioxide thải bầu khí lớn mà chuyên gia phải đồng ý tượng nóng lên tồn cầu đáng kể tránh khỏi Sentence 02 Original sentence For decades, MayDay parades in Moscow have taken place under clear blue skies, aircraft having deposited dry ice, silver iodide and cement powder to disperse clouds For decades, S V, (and) O which VO Complete sentence For decades, MayDay parades in Moscow have taken place under clear blue skies, and aircrafts which have deposited dry ice, silver iodide and cement powder to disperse clouds Summary For decades, MayDay parades in Moscow have taken place under clear blue skies Aircrafts with some kinds of chemical substances can make clouds go away 10 ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS Explanation in Vietnamese Trong nhiều thập kỷ, diễu hành nhân ngày Quốc tế Lao động diễn bầu trời xanh, máy bay phải thả băng khô, bạc iodide bột xi măng để làm tan mây Sentence 03 Original sentence The majority of geo-engineering projects so far carried out - which include planting forests in deserts and depositing iron in the ocean to stimulate the growth of algae have focused on achieving a general cooling of the Earth S V – [ ]- VO [ ]= which VO Complete sentence The majority of geo-engineering projects that have been carried out so far - which include planting forests in deserts and include depositing iron in the ocean to stimulate the growth of algae –have focused on achieving a general cooling of the Earth Summary Most geo-engineering projects - which include planting forests in deserts and dropping iron in the ocean to speed up the growth of algae – have focused on making the Earth cooler Explanation in Vietnamese Phần lớn dự án địa kỹ thuật tiến hành nay, bao gồm việc trồng rừng sa mạc việc thả sắt đại dương để kích thích phát triển tảo, tập trung vào mục đích làm giảm nhiệt độ trung bình Trái Đất Sentence 04 Original sentence Whereas the regions native evergreen pines shade the snow an absorb radiation, birches would shed their leaves in winter, thus enabling radiation to be reflected by the snow Whereas SVO, S V O, thus Ving O Complete sentence Whereas the regions native evergreen pines shade the snow and absorb radiation, birches would shed their leaves in winter, and therefore this enables radiation to be reflected by the snow Summary 11 ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS Whereas evergreen pines shade the snow and take in radiation, birches would lose their leaves in winter This makes radiation be reflected by the snow Explanation in Vietnamese Trong thông thường xanh vùng địa phủ bóng lên tuyết hấp thụ nguồn xạ, bạch dương lại rụng vào mùa đơng, khiến cho nguồn xạ bị phản chiếu lại tuyết Sentence 05 Original sentence Re-routing Russian rivers to increase cold water flow to ice-forming areas could also be used to slow down warming, say some climate scientists S say that SVO Complete sentence Some climate scientists say that re-routing Russian rivers to increase cold water flow to ice-forming areas could also be used to slow down warming Summary Scientists believe changing the direction of Russian rivers to increase cold water flow to ice-forming areas could help with global warming Explanation in Vietnamese Một số nhà khoa học khí tượng cho rằng, việc định hướng lại dòng chảy dòng sơng Nga để tăng lên dòng nước lạnh chảy vào vùng tạo băng sử dụng để làm chậm q trình nóng lên Sentence 06 Original sentence And Dr Phil Rasch of the US-based Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is equally guarded about the role of geo-engineering: 'I think all of us agree that if we were to end geo-engineering on a given day, then the planet would return to its pre-engineered condition very rapidly, and probably within ten to twenty years That’s certainly something to worry about.’ And S V: S V (that) S V that if S (V-simple past) O, then S would V O That S V O Complete sentence And Dr Phil Rasch of the US-based Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is equally guarded about the role of geo-engineering: 'I think all of us agree that if we were to end geo-engineering on a given day, then the planet would return to its pre-engineered condition very rapidly, and probably this would happen within ten to twenty years That’s certainly something to worry about.’ 12 ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS Summary Dr Phil Rasch equally emphasizes the role of geo-engineering: ‘if we ended geoengineering some day, then the planet would quickly return to the poor conditions in the past That’s certainly something to worry about.’ Explanation in Vietnamese Và tiến sĩ Phil Rasch thuộc Viên thí nghiệm quốc gia Tây Bắc Thái Bình Dương có trụ sở đặt Mỹ bảo vệ cách tương tự vai trò địa kỹ thuật: ‘ Tôi nghĩ tất đồng ý dừng việc áp dụng địa kỹ thuật vào ngày đó, vòng 10 đến 20 năm hành tinh trở lại trạng thái trước kỹ thuật đời Đó chắn điều đáng lo ngại’ Sentence 07 Original sentence ‘Geo-engineering plans to inject stratospheric aerosols or to seed clouds would act to cool the planet, and act to increase the extent of sea ice,’ says Rasch ‘But all the models suggest some impact on the distribution of precipitation.’ S say (that) SV1O and V2O But S V O Complete sentence Rasch says, ‘Geo-engineering plans to inject stratospheric aerosols or plans to seed clouds would act to cool the planet, and act to increase the extent of sea ice,’ ‘But all the models suggest some impact on the distribution of precipitation.’ Summary ‘Geo-engineering plans are to add sprays into the atmosphere or to produce rain, which would help to cool the planet and recover sea ice.’ ‘But all the models have shown some impact on rainfall.’ Explanation in Vietnamese Rasch cho biết, ‘Cách làm kỹ thuật địa khí hậu bao gồm việc đưa sương vào tầng bình lưu việc tạo mưa để làm mát Trái đất đồng thời làm mở rộng vùng biển băng,’ ‘Nhưng tất mơ hình số ảnh hưởng đến việc phân bổ lượng mưa.’ Sentence 08 Original sentence “A further risk with geo-engineering projects is that you can “overshoot “, says Dr Dan Hunt, from the University of Bristol’s School of Geophysical Sciences, who has studied the likely impacts of the sunshade and aerosol schemes on the climate Complete sentence 13 ielts-dinhthang.com | Đinh Thắng IELTS Dr Dan Hunt, from the University of Bristol’s School of Geophysical Sciences, who has studied the likely impacts of the sunshade and aerosol schemes on the climate, says: ‘A further risk with geo-engineering projects is that you can “overshoot “ S who VO say: ‘SV that SV’ Summary Dr Dan Hunt, who has studied the possible impacts of the sunshade and aerosol plans on the climate says: ‘The disadvantage of geo-engineering projects is that you can go further than you expect’ Explanation in Vietnamese Tiến sĩ Dr Dan Hunt, từ Khoa Khoa học Địa vật lý trường Đại học Bristol, người nghiên cứu tác động đến khí hậu đề án che ánh nắng tạo sương mù: “Một nguy dự án liên quan đến kỹ thuật địa khí hậu bị “quá tay” Sentence 09 Original sentence According to Dr Martin Sommerkorn, climate change advisor for the World Wildlife Fund’s International Arctic Programme, ‘Human-induced climate change has brought humanity to a position where we shouldn’t exclude thinking thoroughly about this topic and its possibilities.’ According to smb, ‘S V O to a position where SVO’ Complete sentence (*unchanged) According to Dr Martin Sommerkorn, climate change advisor for the World Wildlife Fund’s International Arctic Programme, ‘Human-induced climate change has brought humanity to a position where we shouldn’t exclude thinking thoroughly about this topic and its possibilities.’ Summary According to Dr Martin Sommerkorn, ‘Climate change caused by human activities has made us to think carefully about this topic and its possibilities.’ Explanation in Vietnamese Theo tiến sĩ Dr Martin Sommerkorn, cố vấn biến đổi khí hậu cho chương trình Bắc Cực quốc tế thuộc Quỹ Quốc tế Bảo vệ Thiên nhiên, ‘Biến đổi khí hậu gây người đẩy nhân loại đến tình khơng thể không cân nhắc cách kỹ lưỡng chủ đề khả xảy ra.’ 14 ...ielts -dinhthang. com | Đinh Thắng IELTS BOOST YOUR COMPREHENSION CAMBRIDGE IELTS 11 TEST READING PASSAGE 01 CROP-GROWING SKYSCRAPERS... farms offer the promise of urban renewal, (vertical farms offer) sustainable production of a ielts -dinhthang. com | Đinh Thắng IELTS safe and varied food supply (through year-round production of all... khu sinh thái tự nhiên xanh tươi trở thành sa mạc bán khô cằn Sentence 04 Original sentence ielts -dinhthang. com | Đinh Thắng IELTS This means that, for the majority, we humans have shelter from