Present perfect I Cách sử dụng hồn thành Khi nói khoảng thời gian chưa kết thúc (the period time which hasn’t finished yet) Examples: • I have eaten apples today • I have spoken to her several times recently → “recently” khoảng thời gian chưa kết thúc, ta sử dụng HTHT • She has never been to Italy → “never” means in her life, and her life is unfinished • We haven’t seen her today = Hôm chưa gặp cô (“hôm nay” khoảng thời gian chưa kết thúc, vài sang ngày mới) • They have worked really hard this week = Tuần họ làm việc chăm (“tuần này” khoảng thời gian chưa kết thúc, ngày sang tuần mới) So sánh với QKĐ • I have spoken to her several times recently • I spoke to her a long time ago → Trong trường hợp này, “a long time ago” khoảng thời gian kết thúc, khơng dùng HTHT mà phải dùng QKĐ: “I spoke” Khi nói hành động bắt đầu khứ xảy tại, có khả tiếp tục tương lai Đây cách sử dụng phổ biến hồn thành Examples: • I have lived here since I was born → sống • He has known her for 30 years → Bây họ biết So sánh với QKĐ • He has known her for 30 years • He knew her when they were at university → Bây họ khơng biết Khi nói hành động xảy khứ kết quan trọng quan trọng Examples: • I have lost my book → Hiện tơi khơng có sách • He has eaten too much → Vì ăn nhiều, nên anh cảm thấy khơng ổn, He has eaten too much anh bị đau dày So sánh với QKĐ • I have lost my book → tơi muốn tìm lại sách • I lost my book → Có thể tơi tìm lại sách, khơng, khơng quan trọng, tơi khơng quan tâm việc xảy sau sách Sử dụng hồn thành với từ “already”, “yet” “just Nếu câu có từ thơng thường dùng HTHT Examples: • Have you sent it to him yet? = Tơi muốn bạn làm việc trước thời điểm mà tơi nói Chúng ta dùng hồn thành với yet để diễn đạt người nói mong đợi điều xảy Yet dùng câu hỏi câu phù định • I have already finished everything = Mất thời gian để hồn thành tơi dự đốn Chúng ta dùng hoàn thành với already để nhấn mạnh hành động hoàn thành sớm thời gian dự định • They have just arrived = Họ vừa đến At 18.00, Phuong arrived home At 18.01, we can say: Phuong has just arrived home Just dùng để hành động vừa xảy II Các từ với hồn thành – Since + thời điểm khứ: since 1982, since Junuary….: kể từ For + khoảng thời gian: for three days, for ten minutes, ….: vòng I haven’t heard from her for months (Tơi khơng nghe tin tức từ cô tháng He hasn’t met her since she was a little girl (Anh không gặp kể từ cô bé.) – Already: Dùng câu khẳng định hay câu hỏi, ALREADY đứng sau have đứng cuối câu I have already had the answer = I have had the answer already Have you typed my letter already? – Yet: chưa Dùng câu phủ định nghi vấn YET thường đứng cuối câu John hasn’t written his report yet = John hasn’t written his report I hasn’t decided what to yet = I hasn’t decided what to Have you read this article yet? = Have you read this article? – Just: vừa Dùng để hành động vừa xảy I have just met him I have just tidied up the kitchen I have just had lunch – Recently, Lately: gần He has recently arrived from New York – So far: We haven’t finished the English tenses so far – Up to now, up to the present, up to this moment, until now, until this time: đến tận She hasn’t come up to now – Ever: chưa EVER dùng câu nghi vấn Have you ever gone abroad? – Never… before: chưa I have never eaten a mango before Have you eaten a mango? – In/Over/During/For + the + past/last + time: thời gian qua It has rained in the past week She hasn’t talked to me over the last days III Bài tập Exercise 1: A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?" B: I don't know I (see, never) Sam (arrive) that movie in San Diego a week ago My best friend and I (know) each other for over fifteen years We still get together once a week Stinson is a fantastic writer He (write) ten very creative short stories in the last year One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway I (have, not) Things (change) (start) this much fun since I (be) a kid a great deal at Coltech, Inc When we first working here three years ago, the company (have, only) six employees Since then, we (expand) to include more than 2000 full-time workers I (tell) (wander) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he off into the forest and (be) Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) (be) bitten by a snake the bus this morning You late to work too many times You are fired! Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never) the ocean He should come with us to Miami 10 How sad! George (dream) of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it He (see, never) the ocean 11 In the last hundred years, traveling (become) much easier and very comfortable In the 19th century, it (take) two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon The trip (be) very rough and often dangerous Things (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours 12 Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change) (see) you You (grow) 13 This tree (be) since the last time I at least a foot! planted by the settlers who (found) our city over four hundred years ago 14 This mountain (be, never) (try) climbed by anyone Several mountaineers to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) 15 I (visit, never) several times The last time I (go) Africa, but I (travel) The trying to reach the summit to South America to South America, I (visit) Brazil and Peru I (spend) two weeks in the Amazon, (hike) week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) for a over the Nazca Lines Exercise 2: Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology (change) a great deal The first computers (be) designed for basic tasks They (have, not) not) much memory and they (be, very powerful Early computers were often quite expensive and customers often (pay) (do) simple machines thousands of dollars for machines which actually very little Most computers (be) separate, individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games Times (change) Computers (become) very practical applications Programmers (create) powerful machines with a large selection of useful programs which everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping We are still playing video games, but today's games (become) faster, more exciting interactive adventures Many computer users (get, also) (begin) (start) communicating with other computer users around the world We to create international communities online In short, the simple, individual machines of the past (evolve) Web of knowledge on the Internet and into an international World Wide ... dùng hoàn thành với yet để diễn đạt người nói mong đợi điều xảy Yet dùng câu hỏi câu phù định • I have already finished everything = Mất thời gian để hồn thành tơi dự đốn Chúng ta dùng hồn thành. .. thời gian để hồn thành tơi dự đốn Chúng ta dùng hồn thành với already để nhấn mạnh hành động hoàn thành sớm thời gian dự định • They have just arrived = Họ vừa đến At 18.00, Phuong arrived home... 18.01, we can say: Phuong has just arrived home Just dùng để hành động vừa xảy II Các từ với hồn thành – Since + thời điểm khứ: since 1982, since Junuary….: kể từ For + khoảng thời gian: for three