7 UNIT Further education Teacher: Dương Nguyễn Hồng Minh School: High school for the gifted Class: 11 Bio-Chem Group : Ngô Trung Vượng Đỗ Đinh Thu Hương Nguyễn Đỗ Kim Ngân Lưu Thị Thu Hiền Mục lục…………………………………….…………………… Vocabulary……………………………………….…………2 Grammar………………………………………………………6 Listening………………………………………………… ……9 Reading……………………………………………………….13 1 Academic (adj): involving a lot of reading and studying rather than practical or technical skills Ex: academic subjects/qualifications Academy (n): a school or college for special  training  Academically (adv): in a way that involves a lot of reading and studying rather than practical or technical skills Vocational (adj): connected with the skills, knowledge, etc that you need to have in order to a particular job Ex: vocational education/qualifications/training  Vocation (n): a type of work or way of life that you believe is especially suitable for you Analytical/ Analytic (adj): using a logical method of thinking about something in order to understand it, especially by looking at all the parts separately Ex: She has a clear analytical mind An analytic approach to the problem  Analyse (v): to examine the nature or structure of something, especially by separating it into its parts, in order to understand or explain it Bachelor’s degree (n): the first degree that you get when you study at a university Bachelor's degrees include Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BSc) Postgraduate (n): a person who already holds a first degree and who is doing advanced study or research; a graduate student Doctorate (n): the highest university degree Master’s degree (n): a further university degree that you study for after a first degree Explore (v): to examine something completely or carefully in order to find out more about it Ex: These ideas will be explored in more detail in chapter  Exploration (n): an examination of something in order to find out about it  Explorative/ Exploratory (adj): done with the intention of examining something in order to find out more about it Ex: Exploratory surgery Exploratory expedition up the Amazon Take into account: to consider or remember something when judging a situation Ex: I hope my teacher will take into account the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she marks my paper I think you have to take into account that he's a good deal younger than the rest of us 10 Motivation (n): the feeling of wanting to something, especially something that involves hard work and effort Ex: He's intelligent enough but he lacks motivation  Motivation letter (n): a letter used for expressing your reason, expectation when you apply for something  Motivated (adj): wanting to something, especially something that involves hard work and effort  Motivational (adj): making somebody want to something, especially something that involves hard work and effort 11 Undertake (v): to agree or promise that you will something Ex: He undertook to finish the job by Friday  Undertaking (n): an agreement or a promise to something 12 Preparatory (adj): done in order to prepare for something Ex: preparatory meetings After a few preparatory drawings, she completed the portrait in one session  Prepare (v): to make yourself ready to something or for something that you expect to happen Put the verb in each sentence in the present perfect continuous or present perfect: I (try) to learn English for years I (wait) for two hours, but she (not come) yet She (read) all the works of Dickens How many have you (read)? I (wait) hear nearly half an hour for my girlfriend Joana Do you think she (forget) to come? Mary (rest) in the garden all day because she (be) ill Although john (study) at the university for five years he (not get) his degree yet Jack (go) to Switzerland for a holiday; I never (be) there We (live) for the last five months, and just (decide) to move You already (drink) cups of tea since I (sit) here That book (lie) on the table for weeks You (not read) it yet? HOW TO FIND FULFILLING WORK The idea that work might be fulfilling, rather than just necessary, is a strikingly recent invention Open Dr Johnson's celebrated dictionary, published in 1755, and the word fulfillment doesn't even appear Nowadays in a prosperous world, we don't only expect to obtain money through our labor, we also, to a greater or lesser extent, expect to find meaning and satisfaction It's a big ask and helps to explain why so many of us have career crises often on a Sunday evening as the Sun begins to set To help us on the quest for fulfilling work here are six useful ideas: Firstly, accept the being confused about careers is perfectly normal In a pre-industrial world there were, at most, some 2,000 different trades out there; nowadays there' are estimated to be half a million different options The result we can become so _ about making the wrong choice, we end up making no choice at all; psychologists call this "the paradox of choice", paralysis stemming from too many options We should acknowledge that _ is natural, and fear entirely normal; but let neither of these scupper our chances forever Secondly, know yourself It's the oldest philosophical _, and has particular relevance to careers For 99% of us knowing what we want to doesn't arise spontaneously; like for example, knowing what to eat Most of us don't have a calling; we don't hear a commanding god like voice directing us to accountancy, or packaging and _ That isn't to say we don't have taste or inclinations, we just don't know them clearly enough, which is a perilous position to be in, as not having a plan quickly puts us at the mercy of those who have one We only catch glimpses, little hints of our tastes So what we have to is learn to pick up on their faint sounds: start by parking any concerns for money for a time; financial panic too often kills all dialogue with the more authentic, passionate sides of one's nature Write down, without being too logical or analytical about it, everything you've ever enjoyed doing or making, which might include building a tree-house, or sorting out the winter clothes The weirder and more offbeat list, the better In the long and confused tangle that follows there will, somewhere, be the shape of an ideal future working self, but it'll be very messed up, and in need of being analyzed thoroughly That's where philosophy comes in Philosophy is the art clearing up, and demanding logic of our first thoughts Thirdly, think a lot If it might take a couple of days, even a week, to choose a new car, it could, fairly, take a year or more of sustained daily reflection to start to a career that fits We tend to feel guilty about this: imagining we're being self-indulgent-far from it; we may need to empty every weekend for months to sort out the biggest _of our lives To make sure we don't continue to spend the rest of our lives trapped in a job unwittingly chosen for us by our unknowing 16 year-old selves, we need to be properly generous about the amount of time we'll need to give this Fourthly, try something It's tempting to imagine we'll be able to work out the shape of the workplace, and of our own characters 10 simply through pure process of reflection, but we need data, and we can only understand ourselves and others by colliding with the real world, in the process getting to know both it and our own natures We need to take small, non-irrevocable steps to gather information, for example by: shadowing, interning, or volunteering We mustn't think we always have to resign on Monday; we can investigate our futures through branching projects on the side of existing jobs Five, reflect on what makes people unhappy Every successful business is at heart an to solve someone else's problem; the bigger and more urgent problem, the greater the opportunity To flex your entrepreneurial muscles, consider an average day and everything in it that might make someone unhappy: from losing the house keys, to finding the food a little greasy, to arguing yet again with their spouse Each of these is a business opportunity waiting to be exploited; it's a chance for us to serve, which is what work really is It's easy to imagine that everything's been done and tried- nonsense; we're unhappy enough for to have many more centuries of invention and creativity to it Six, be confident So many bad self-help books are about confidence; it can be tempting to 10 the whole topic as nonsense; but in a peculiar and rather humbling way, it really does seem as if the difference between success and failure is sometimes nothing less than the courage to give it a go The ability to imagine oneself into a role, to surmise one doesn't need to ask anyone for permission that many of the top positions simply belong to those who dare to boldly ask for them A lack of confidence is at heart a misunderstanding of the way the world works; it's an internalized 11 feudalism which imagines that only certain people but not oneself, have the right, preordained, to get certain things It isn't true As we know, a lot more is possible than we might think at our moments of timidity and doubt That's a start of the path towards a job we won't regret on our death beds, which should always be the ultimate criterion 12 FURTHER EDUCATION IN EUROPE Studying abroad opens up amazing opportunities There are a wide range of countries for international students to consider For high school students who have planned to pursue higher education in Europe, here are a few steps you could take: Choose the country and university where you want to study: Before deciding on where to study, you need to have an idea of what you want to in the future Exploring your talents and interests can help you figure out your needs Knowing this, you can easily pick a school that meets your targets Besides, each country has its own national characteristics, advantages and disadvantages The best idea would be to some thorough searching before your trip abroad To this, you should explore the educational system, entry requirements and opportunities to receive education in the chosen specialty You should check out the living conditions, pricing, including the possibility to receive scholarships that fully or partially cover tuition fees, and opportunities for part-time work in your free time It is also important to know the university ranking and how well the programme you're considering is appreciated worldwide Prepare for admission The higher the school is rated, the higher qualifications it requires The basic requirement for admission to any European university is a certificate confirming the knowledge of a foreign language If you select an 13 English-language programme, you have to pass the TOEFL or IELTS certificate exam (or any other required) There are also other necessary documents students need to prepare for school admission Nearly all European universities require applicants who have not yet graduated from school to submit a statement on academic performance over the past three years They can also take into account the grade point average for their core subjects In countries such as the UK, Norway and Germany, school education takes 12 years to complete; so to make up for the difference in the educational systems, all foreign students have to undertake preparatory training programmes, such as A-levels or the IB Diploma Programme Sometimes, to enrol in a European university, students need to take tests on a major subject or submit a motivation letter Here, you will explain your choice of profession and educational institution, and your future plans You're advised to provide some details of your achievements, such as awards in competitions or other special talents Recommendations from teachers are also more than welcome Finally, students must add the filled out registration form, photos, a copy of the foreign passport and, perhaps, references on their financial standing, and submit the document package to the university The process of assessing documents can take months to a year, so it is advisable that students should plan ahead and make preparations as early as possible 14 Exercise 1: Decide whether the following statements are True, False or Not Given: N.o Statement Students don't need to understand the state of the country they want to study in All universities in Europe set the same requirements for the applicants Students need to submit a certificate of a foreign language to get admission to any European university It's mandatory for students to submit teachers' letter of recommendations to get a university's True False Not given 15 admission It takes universities years to assess international students' papers Exercise 2: Fill in each gap with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage: 1.The passage gives advice to students who want to in European countries 2.Thorough searching is necessary because each nation has its own , strengths and weaknesses 3.One more thing for students to consider is how popular the is and the ranking of the university 4.An alternative to the A-levels is the which is mandatory for students who want to enrol on universities in England, Norway and Germany Students' choice of profession, educational institution, future plans and achievements will be expressed in a THE END 16