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DÙNG ĐỂ GIẢNG DẠY VÀ PHỤ ĐẠO CHO HỌC SINH LỚP 10. TÀI LIỆU RẤT HAY VÀ CHI TIẾT. MỘT GIÁO ÁN RẤT HỮU ÍCH CHO HỌC SINH CŨNG NHƯ GIÁO VIÊN TRONG VIỆC GIẢNG DẠY VÀ HỌC TẬP.DÙNG ĐỂ GIẢNG DẠY VÀ PHỤ ĐẠO CHO HỌC SINH LỚP 10. TÀI LIỆU RẤT HAY VÀ CHI TIẾT. MỘT GIÁO ÁN RẤT HỮU ÍCH CHO HỌC SINH CŨNG NHƯ GIÁO VIÊN TRONG VIỆC GIẢNG DẠY VÀ HỌC TẬP.DÙNG ĐỂ GIẢNG DẠY VÀ PHỤ ĐẠO CHO HỌC SINH LỚP 10. TÀI LIỆU RẤT HAY VÀ CHI TIẾT. MỘT GIÁO ÁN RẤT HỮU ÍCH CHO HỌC SINH CŨNG NHƯ GIÁO VIÊN TRONG VIỆC GIẢNG DẠY VÀ HỌC TẬP.
TOPIC 1: THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE AND THE ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY I THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE (Thì đơn) A công thức: Đối với động từ “ TO BE “: S+ AM / IS / ARE S+ AM / IS / ARE + NOT AM / IS / ARE + S ? Eg: - I am a pupil - I am not a pupil - He is intelligent - He is not intelligent Đối với động từ thường: - Are you a pupil ? - Is he intelligent ? I, WE, YOU, THEY + VO HE, SHE, IT + VS/ES DO + S + VO ? DOES S + DON’T + VO DOESN’T Ex: The sun rises in the east She doesn’t cook every day Do they often visit their aunt? VO = V-infintive : động từ nguyên mẫu B Cách dùng: To express the truth (Diễn tả thật hiển nhiên, câu phát biểu tổng quát, chân lý) Ex: The sun rises in the East To express the habits at present (Diễn tả thói quen, viecj xảy thường xuyên tại) Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle Diễn tả việc xảy theo thời gian biểu chương trình, kế hoạch định theo thời gian biểu Ex: The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning C Dấu hiệu nhận biết - Trạng từ thời gian với đơn: - every (day/ week / month/ year) Three times a week, twice a month, once a week, from time to time… as a rule always (luôn luôn) usually ( thường xuyên) often (thường) sometimes = occasionally = at times (thỉnh thoảng) seldom (ít khi) rarely (hiếm khi) normally (thông thường) never (không bao giờ) all the time (luôn luôn) = at all times seldom (ít khi), rarely (hiếm khi), normally (thơng thường) never (khơng bao giờ), all the time (luôn luôn) = at all times D Cách thêm s,es vào sau động từ: Động từ thêm “ES” có tận là: S, SH, CH, X, O, Z Động từ tận “ Y “, trước nguyên âm A,E,U,I,O ta giữ nguyên Y thêm S Ex: plays, employs, destroys… Động từ tận “Y “,nhưng trước phụ âm ta biến “ -Y” -> “ -IES” Ex: studystudies E.g - We go to school on time everyday - Do you go to school on time everyday? - The Earth moves around the sun - Does the Earth move around the sun? - It doesn’t rain in the dry season - Does it rain in the dry season? II ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY(Trạng từ tần xuất) - Vị trí: Trước Tobe, sau động từ thường, trợ từ động từ chính: Always, usually often sometimes, occasionally seldom, rarely never Position of the Adverbs: (Vị trí trạng từ) After To be / Modal Verbs: (Sau to be động từ khiếm khuyết) S + Tobe / Modal Verbs + Adverbs Ex1: She… is always at home on Sundays Ex2: I have ever been to London Before Ordinary Verbs: (Trước động từ thường) Ex: He sometimes visits his uncle Question: How often + / does + S + V + O +? S + Adverbs + V + O … Ex: How often you go to the cinema?- Once a week Note: - trạng từ “as a rule” đứng đầu câu - trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định như: “seldom, hardly ever, rarely, never ” không dùng câu phủ định III EXERCISE: Exercise 1: Put the verb in the bracket into the simple present tense I ………………………….(eat) my breakfast in the kitchen every day These boys often ……………….………(play) football at weekends It …………………… (rain) in the winter She ……………………………….(go) to school three days a week My little boy often …………… …………(watch) cartoon film She ………………………… (study) English very well My father often ……………………………(play) tennis in the morning Ann ……………………………… (speak) German very well 9. your mother (walk) to work every day? 10 They (not /play) soccer in the morning 11 Phong, An , Ha, Lan (be) close friend 12 On Friday, I (have) English 13 At 12 a.m every day, I (have) lunch and (go) to bed 14 In the autumn, I rarely (go) _sailing and (go) to school 15 Every day, Mr.Hung (not go) _to work by car 16 There (be) _many flowers in our garden 17. they (go) to school by bus today? 18 My father (read) a newspaper in the morning 19 Giang (like) _Music but I (like) Math 20 Every night, We (go) to bed at 10p.m 21 Ann(like) her job very much 22 Sometimes, I (play) badminton 23 We usually (read) _books,(listen) _to music or (watch) _TV 24 Every day she (go) to work by bike 25 He (teach) _in a big school in town 26. _he (play) sports? 27.He (go) _to bed at 11.30 p.m 28. your students (play) soccer every afternoon? Exercise 2: Put “DO or DOES” into the following sentences to make questions 1……… the students study hard every day? 2……… Mr Brown go to his office every day? 3……… you want cream and sugar in your coffee? 4….…….the children go to bed very early? …… …that girl come from South Africa? 6…………you know that Italian student? 7…………Miss Lan prefer coffee to tea? 8…………your English lessons seem very difficult? Exercise : Multiple choice questions: I at school at the weekend a am b is c are d be She on Friday a don’t study b isn’t study c doesn’t study d aren’t study My students hard working a does not b isn’t c aren’t d don’t He a new haircut today a have b has c haves d to have I usually breakfast at 7.00 a have b has c haves d to have she in a house? a Does she live b Do she live c Is she live d Are she live Where your children ? a be b does be c are d is My sister in a bank a work b works c workes d to work Dog meat a likes b like c to like d liking 10 She in Florida a live b livees c living d lives 11 It almost every day in Manchester a raines b rain c.rains d raining 12 We to Spain every summer a fly b flys c flyes d flies 13 My mother eggs for breakfast every morning a fry b frys c fries d fryes 14 The bank at four o'clock a close b closes c closing d to close 15 John _ hard in class, but I _ he'll pass a try / don’t think b tries / doesn’t think c tries/ don’t think d try/ doesn’t think 16 Water at 100 degree Centigrade A boil B boils C boiling D is boiling 17 George to the movies very often A not go B don’t go C doesn’t go D not to 18 How many languages ? A you speak B are you speak C are you speaking D will you speak 19 The swimming pool at 9.00 am and at 6.30 pm A open/ close B opens / closes C opens/ close D open / closes 20 I your telephone number A not know B don’t know C don’t knew D am not knowing 21 Bad students never hard A works B work C are working D is working 22 Those children for hours every afternoon A sleep B sleeps C is sleeping D are sleeping 23 Light faster than sound A travels B travels C travel D is travelling 24 He usually his work before o’clock A finish B finishes C is finishing D finishing 25 Mr Lam always early a gets up b get up c got up d have got up 26.My father to work by bus everyday a go b goes c went d going 27.The plan _ off on time yesterday a take b takes c took d taken 28. you _ pop music ? a Do – like b does – like c – likes d did- like 29 I _ born in 1980 a Am b were c was d did 30 Where she live last year ? a Do b does c did d was c watches d watchs 31 Mary _ TV every night a Watch b watched 32 Everybody was dancing when I _ a come b came c comes d coming 33 What time Nam a civic Education lesson on Monday ? a do_ have b does_ have c does – has d did _ have 34 He _ to America with his parents months ago a go b went c goes d was going 35 We sometimes _ speaking English a practice b practices c are practicing d practiced 36 He doesn’t usually _ newspapers after dinner a Read b reads c am reading d was reading 37 I’m not interested in _ a fish b fishing c fishes d fished 38 The picnic to Perfume pagoda with my classmate last week the most memorable one for me a is b were c was d are 39 She _ to school on Sundays a doesn’t go b don’t go c doesn’t goes d didn’t go 40 Every year , between February and March , Chua Huong festival hundreds of thousands of people from all over the country a attract b attracted c attracts d is attracting 41 Which sentence is true? a I am usually free on Sundays b I usually am free on Sundays c I am free on Sundays usually d I am free on usually Sundays Exercise 4: Put the “adverb of frequency” in brackets in its correct position We go to Hanoi in the spring (always) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… My neighbors are out on Sundays (usually) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… We travel by plane (sometimes) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… Jim never phones me I have to phone him (always) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… We go to a restaurant on Friday evenings (often) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… She is late for class (seldom) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… I didn’t understand the directions (fully) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… I get up at six o’clock (normally) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… What you after school? (usually) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Is Phong interested in stamps? (always) ………………………………………………………………………………………………… TOPIC 2: THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE(thì khứ đơn) A Công thức: Đối với động từ “ TO BE “: I, HE, SHE IT + S + WAS + WAS + WAS NOT WERE WE, YOU, THEY + WERE Eg: - He was at home last night - He was not at home last night - They were at school yesterday - Were they at school yesterday ? Đối với động từ thường: S + VED / V2 S ? S + DIDN’T + Vinf Eg: - I visited my grandparents days ago - My sister bought this pen yesterday DID + S + Vinf ? - I didn’t visit my gandparents days ago – Did your sister buy this pen yesterday ? B Cách dùng : Diễn tả hành động hay việc xảy thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: Tom went to Paris last week Diễn tả hành động diễn suốt khoảng thời gian khứ, hoàn toàn chấm dứt Ex : She worked as a secretary for five years and now she is a teacher Thói quen khứ Ex : I used to play football when I was a little boy C Dấu hiệu nhận biết – Các trạng từ: Yesterday : hôm qua last week / month / year : tuần / tháng / năm trước Two weeks ago : tuần cách In 1995 : năm 1995 - When S was young/ little boy - D EXERCISES: Exercise 1: Give the correct form of the verb in bracket: 1) I (go) to Ben Thanh market last Monday 2) He (get) up at o’clock yesterday 3) What time you (go) .to bed last night? 4) She ( not/ go) to work last weekend 5) Lan (meet) .her at the party years ago 6) Last summer vacation,Mom (not /buy) me a new buy 7) When .he (leave) for work last week ? 8) What you (do) yesterday? 9) We (begin) to learn English years ago 10) She (be) .an engineer last week 11) Lan (be /not) at home yesterday 12) He (wear) .the shirt last week 13) They (be ) here yesterday 14) you (go) .to school yesterday? 15) Tam (be) at home last night? – Yes, he (be) 16) Where .he (go) yesterday? 17) I (be) sick last night 18) Why you (not /come ) to class yesterday? 19) Hoa (buy) a lot of things for her birthday party 20) What time .you (leave) home for school yesterday? 21) He …………………………….…(live) in London last year 22) He ……………………… (live) in London from 1980 to 1985 23) They ………………………… (sell) their house several days ago 24) When…………….…you ………….… (see) her ? 25) ………………… he come to see you last night ? Yes he came 26) She ………………….…… (met) me in the street last Sunday 27) I …………………… ….(wait) for the telephone call all this morning 28) I……………………… …… (study) music when I was at school 29) They ……………………………… (sell) their house last year 30) They ………………………….…(walk) to the corner two days ago 31) Professor ………………………….…(teach) another class last year 32) We ………………………….….(spend) two weeks in Japan in 2000 33) He ……………………………… … (meet) his friends some days ago 34) We ……………………….…….(speak) to our friends last week Exercise 2: Put (DID, WAS or WERE ) into the brackets 35 Where …………………………… you born? Where ………………… ….…… your mother born? 36 When ………………….………………………………………… you start school? 37 How many schools ………………………………………………………………….you go to ? 38 What …………………………………………………………… your favourite subject? 39 Where …………… you live when you ………………………….……… a child? 40 ………………………………………………………………… they live in a house or a flat? Exercise 3: Choose the best answer: 1- He a doctor two years ago a am b is c was d were 2- It cold yesterday a.aren’t b is n’t c wasn’t d weren’t 3- he an engineer yesterday No, he a.is/ isn’t b.are/aren’t c.was/wasn’t d.were/weren’t 4- The windows open last Monday a am b is c was d were 5- Where Nam yesterday? a am b is c was d were 6- Why he unhappy last Tuesday? a am b is c was d were 7I your trip to Nha Trang two years ago a remember b remembers c remembered d rememberred 8Ba the cap all day yesterday a wear b wears c weared d wore 9I a lot of fish yesterday a eated b ate c eats d eat 10Her aunt her to see Cham Temple last year a taked b took c take d takes 11Tuan a new bike yesterday a haved b has c had d have 12 she a new ruler yesterday? a didn’t buy b doesn’t bought c did not buy d does not bought 13He with his parents about his vacation in Da Lat last year a didn’t talk b doesn’t talked c didn’t talked d don’t talk 14 they school yesterday? a Didn’t comed b Didn’t come c Doesn’t comed d Doesn’t come 15 the windows yesterday? a Didn’t close b Didn’t closed c Doesn’t closed d Doesn’t close 16- They to Ha Long for their last summer vacation A go B are going C was going D went 17- She to brush her teeth yesterday A forget B forgot C forgetting D was forgetting 18- Ba his room yesterday afternoon A clean and tidy B cleaned and tidied C cleaned and tidy 19- Why you come yesterday? A can not B can’t C don’t D couldn’t TOPIC 3: WH – QUESTIONS(câu hỏi với từ để hỏi “Wh-“) - Các từ để hỏi: who, whom, whose, what, which, where, when, why, how(Old/long/far/fast/many/much…) Question words To ask about Example Who Hỏi người Who is your English teacher? What Hỏi người, vật, việc, kiện What happened last night? Where Hỏi nơi chốn Where you live? When Hỏi thời gian When did you buy this book? Which Hỏi chọn lựa Which class you like? Why Hỏi lý Why were you late? Whose Hỏi sở hữu Whose pen is this? How Hỏi cách thức, chất lượng How old is she? - With “TO BE”(đối với đt to be): Wh- + be + S (+ …)? E.g: What is the time? – It’s - With “Modal Verbs”(đối với đt khiếm khuyết): Wh- + KK + S + V (+ …)? * Những động từ khiếm khuyết: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, ought to E.g: How many languages can you speak? - With ordinary verbs(đối với động từ thường): Wh- + do/does/did + S + V (+…)? E.g: Where did you go yesterday? – I went to the bookstore Who you teach English every day? - Question words used as subject ( Từ để hỏi dùng làm chủ từ): Wh-question + V + O +? E.g: Who teaches you English every day? - Question words use as objects or modifiers.(Từ để hỏi dùng làm tân ngữ bổ ngữ): Wh-question+ aux.V+ S +Vm + O? Aux V: auxiliary verb trợ động từ Vm: main verb động từ Ex: Who you teach English every day? What: What…be (look) like? Hỏi miêu tả: What is the weather like in Ha Noi? What + noun (color, subject, kind of, size…) Hỏi chi tiết: What color is it? What time Hỏi thời gian cụ thể What time you often get up? How + Adj/Adv Hỏi mức độ tính chất: How deep is this river? How far Hỏi khoảng cách How long Hỏi độ dài / thời gian: How long have you been staying here? How many/much Hỏi số lượng: How many students are there in the class? How often Hỏi độ thường xuyên: How often you go to the cinema? EXERCISES: Exercise 1: Make the questions for the following sentences Miss Phuong went home early → Why ……………………… .…….……………………………… .…? I met Phong’s father → Who …………………………… .………………………… .……… ? they wanted something → What ………………………………… .…………………… .… ………? The machine cost a lot of money → How much money …………………………………………… .…….…………? The meeting finished at o’clock → What time …………………… …………………… .… .……………… ? My aunt and uncle live in Chicago Where We often have dinner at 7:00 pm What time I am reading an English book at the moment What It takes me 30 minutes to go to school How long 10 She speaks English very fluently How 11 I have written over twenty novels How many 12 This street is twenty kilometers long How long 13 I spent 10 dollars on this shirt How much 14 I have been learning English for years How long 15 She will be married to a rich man Who 16 Tom goes to the library twice a week How often 17 I went to school late because I missed the bus Why 18 She is a doctor What 19 They were watching a game show What 20 He like studying Math What subject 21 The weather is very nice in this country What 22 She wanted to become an English teacher What 23 They are cutting trees in the forest for wood For what 24 They are coming to visit tomorrow When 25 He is going to work right now Where 26 She talked to him for an hour How long Exercise 2: Make questions for the underlined parts or the given answers It’s a quarter past five now Her full name is Nguyen Minh Thu She is in grade 10 My phone number is 838 888 My address is 25 Quang Trung Street There are five people in my family My father is a teacher There is a picture on the wall Yes, his house is next to a bookshop 10 She goes to the super market twice a week Exercise 3: Make questions from the words given does / what time / get up / she → ………………………………………….… ………………… ? – At seven o’clock for / does / have / breakfast / she / what →………………………………………… …… ……………? – A bread and an egg to work / she / does / go / how → ………………………………………… ………….………… ? – By bus she / does / what / in the evening / → ………………………………………… …… ………… ? – She watches television bed / time / does / go to / what / she → …………………………………………………………… ? – At nine o’clock TOPIC 4: I GERUND (V-ing): DANH ĐỘNG TỪ * Các dạng Gerund: - Ving Ex: Learning English is very necessary (Việc học tiếng anh cần thiết - Being V3 (bị động) Ex: Being laughed is terrible (Bị chế nhạo thật khủng khiếp - Having V3 (hoàn thành) Ex: Having told lie make me regreted.(Việc nói dối làm tơi hối hận) - Having been V3 (bị động hoàn thành) Ex: having been told lie makes me angry (Việc bị nói dối làm tức giận) * Chức năng: As Subject (làm chủ ngữ) Ex: Walking is good for our health As complement (làm bổ ngữ) My hobby is swimming As Object (làm tân ngữ) : V + Gerund (Ving) Ex: I enjoy playing chess with my grandfather Động từ với gerund: admit : thừa nhận mind : ngại anticipate : liệu trước postpone : trì hỗn appreciate : đánh giá cao practise : luyện tập avoid : tránh resent : phật ý, oán be worth : đáng (được) recollect : hồi tưởng can’t help : tránh risk : liều lĩnh complete : hoản thành spend : dùng, trãi qua consider : xem xét, can nhắc suggest : gợi ý, đề nghị defer : hoãn lại tolerate : chịu đưng, tha thou delay : trì hoãn understand : hiểu deny : phủ nhận forgive : tha thứ dislike / detest : khơng thích encourage : khuyến khích dread : sợ imagine : tưởng tượng encourage : khuyến khích mention : đề cập enjoy : thích miss : bỏ lở escape : thoát khỏi It’s no use / good : Vơ ích fancy : thích to look forward to : mong, đợi finish : hoàn thành can’t bear / stand : chịu involve : bao gồm, liên quan have difficulty / trouble: có vấn đề, gặp khó khăn keep : tiếp tục Các giới từ: on / in/ to/ at/ up/ with… Ex: She admitted stealing his money This job involves meeting people Do you enjoy going to the beach? After Prep (sau giới từ): on, in, at, of, up, out, …… Ex: she insists on going out for dinner Verb + preposition + verb-ing Sau bảng động từ có giới từ theo sau, động từ khác sau động từ phải dùng dạng verb-ing Verb + prepositions + V-ing Whose: Whose đại từ quan hệ sở hữu Whose đứng sau danh từ người vật thay cho tính từ sở hữu sở hữu cách trước danh từ Whose kèm với danh từ John found a cat whose leg was broken o RELATIVE ADVERDS (TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ) When: When trạng từ quan hệ thời gian, đứng sau danh từ thời gian When thay cho at/on/in + danh từ thời gian then May Day is a day when people hold a meeting Where: Where trạng từ quan hệ nơi chốn, đứng sau danh từ nơi chốn Where thay cho at/on/in + danh từ nơi chốn there Do you know the country where I was born? Why: Why trạng từ quan hệ lí Why thay cho for which B EXCERCISES Exercise 1: Use a relative pronoun (WHO, WHOM, WHICH, or THAT) to combine these pairs of sentences Use commas when necessary I bought a cell phone I can use it to send and receive e-mail Now, there are psychologists They help technophobes use technology A lot of people suffer from techno stress Those people work in my office Some people dream of a job They can the job without technology My stereo doesn’t work today It worked yesterday The man is a computer expert You are talking to him Some documents have been found They were stolen from a car Dr Michelle Weil wrote a book about “techno trees” She is a psychologist He works for a computer magazine The magazine is very popular in Mexico 10 Marta has a brother Her brother’s name is Manuel 11 Do you know the man? They are talking about him 12 This subject is very important We are going to discuss it 13 Mr Brown is coming today He teaches me French 14 Tom loves his parents’ house He was born in that house 15 Do you remember the year? The Second World War ended in that year 16 The girl chatted with him yesterday She arrived here at 6:30 …………………… 17 I’m reading a book I bought it in Sydney in 1996 ………………… 18 The mechanic is an experienced one I sent for him to repair my motorbike ………………… 19 Oxford university has many colleges It’s one of the oldest one in the world ………………… 20.The police blocked up the road This caused a traffic jam …………………… 21.This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last year ……………………… 23 Mr Phong is our geography teacher He has been teaching in our school for ten years ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 2: Choose the best answer The woman _lives next door to us is a doctor a that b whom c who d a and c Mr Green is the man _ I was talking about a whom b who c which d whose That is the place _the accident occurred a which b where c when d who The restaurant _Bob recommended was too expensive a where b which c whose d when There was time movies cost a dime a which b that c whose d when Paul O’Grady, died a few years ago, was a kind and loving man a whom b that c who d which Bogota, is the capital city of Columbia, is a cosmopolitan city a who b that c which d where I enjoy talking to the people I had dinner with last night a who b whom c whose d when Sally lost her job, wasn’t surprise a which b who c whom d that 10 I have three brothers, are professional athletes a two of whom b who of two c two of that d whom of two 11 The boy to I lend my money is poor a who b that c whom d whose 12 The land and the people I have met are nice a that b who c which d whose 13 The letter……….our sister is reading is from London a who b that c which d b & c are correct 14 He gives me the tickets………….he bought yesterday a Which b where c when d why 15 Do you know the music……… is being played on the radio? a that b why c where d who 16 This is the man, ………I met in Paris a that b who c whom d which 17 The man……….was driving the car was badly injured a which b whom c whose d who 18 He’s a person……….wanted to buy your house a whom b who c that d b& c are correct 19 That’s the woman,………I was telling you about a who b that c whom d b & c are correct 20 Mr Nam,……… is coming here, is my English teacher a Whom b who c that d b & c are correct 21 Thank you for the gift………you sent to me a who b whom c which d whose 22 The lady…………has gone to Paris was here yesterday a whose b who c whom d which 23 The man …………father is a botanist is a biologist a whose b who c whom d which 24 This is a book,………I bought at the bookstore a where b which c that d b &c are correct 25 John is the man,…………we are going to recommend for the job a who b whom c that d b & c are correct 26 John found a cat…………leg was broken a which b whom c whose d who 27 1945 is the year,……….the revolution took place in this year a when b which c where d why 28 Genghis Khan, _ name means “very mighty ruler”, was a Mongol emperor in the Middle Ages A whom B whose C who D how 29 The children _ sang at the Mayor's parade were from the local school A whose B where C who D whom 30 The school program _ has been interrupted by revision tests require a regular course study A whose B who C what D that 31 The girl dress you admire has been working for an export company since she left school A who B what C whose D whom 32 The young man was released after the court was found innocent of all the charges against him A who B who he C which D whose 33 Is that the same film we watched last year? A when B which C why D who 34 The girl _ I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully A whose B from whom C from whose D whom 35 The first television picture _ John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November, 1905 was a boy worked in the office next to Baird's workroom in London A which / whom B who / which C that / whose D that / who 36 Joyce Bews, was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England, _ she still lives, was 100 last year A that / in which B who / where C that / where D who / that 37 The pollution they were talking is getting worse A that B about which C which D whom 39 Robert Riva, an Italian used to play for Cremonese, now coaches the Reigate under 11's football team A when B which C where D who 40 When I was at school, there was a girl in my class skin was so sensitive that she couldn't expose her skin to the sun even with cream on A where B whose C whom D that 41 Unfortunately, the friend with I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so I'll have to cancel my trip A who B whom C where D that 42 The new stadium, will be completed next year, will seat 30,000 spectators A what B where C when D which 43 Blenheim Palace, _ Churchill was born, is now open to the public A when B where C which D whose TOPIC 10: THE PRESENT PROGRESS / BE GOING TO / WILL ( PHÂN BIỆT : HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN - TƯƠNG LAI GẦN - TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN ) 1) Thì tương lai đơn: S + will/shall + Vinf Chỉ lời hứa, việc khơng có chuẩn bị trước Ex: A - My car is broken down ! B - Don't worry ! I will repair it for you Giải thích: Vì B khơng biết trước A có xe hư nên khơng có chuẩn bị mà đột xuất nên ta dùng tương lai đơn 2) Thì tương lai gần: S + is / am / are + going to + Vinf - Chỉ hành động có ý định làm - Chỉ dự đoán Ex: - Oh, your luggage is ready now What time are you going to leave ? ( hành lý sẳn sàng, bạn định khởi hành? ) A: Look at those dark clouds! ( nhìn mây đen kìa! ) B: Yes, it is going to rain soon ( ừ, trời mưa ) 3) Thì tiếp diễn: S + is/am/are +Ving - Chỉ hành động chuẩn bị kế hoạch sẳn, thường có thời gian cụ thể kế hoạch lớn, quan trọng định làm thường có thời gian xác định Ex: We are having a party next Sunday Would you like to come? ( chúng tơi có tổ chức bữa tiệc vào chủ nhật tới, mời bạn đến dự ) Giải thích: Đã mời người ta chuyện phải chuẩn bị hết 4) So sánh tiếp diễn tương lai gần: - Hiện tiếp diễn hơn, dấu hiệu : có thời gian cụ thể, có lời mời (would you like ), chuyện quan trọng ( đám cưới, xây nhà, mua xe ) Ex: I am having my house built next week ( tuần tới xây nhà) 5) Phân biệt cách dùng Will Be going to Ex: Jessica: It's my birthday soon I'll be twenty next Friday Deborah: Oh, really? Are you going to have a party? Jessica: I'm going to have a meal in a restaurantwith a few friends Deborah: That'll be nice Will có ý nghĩa trung dung Ta dùng will để miêu tả kiện (fact) tương lai I'll be twenty next Friday The spacecraft will come down in the Pacific Ocean tomorrow morning Ta dùng “be going to” để miêu tả dự định, chuyện ta định làm We're going to have a meal Tom is going to sell his car Will không diễn tả dự định (intention) It's her birthday She's going to have a meal with her friends KHÔNG VIẾT She'll have a meal Nhưng ta thường dùng“be going to”để miêu tả dự định dùng “will” để miêu tả chi tiết đưa lời bình luận We're all going to have a meal There'll be about ten of us - Oh, that'll be nice Ta dùngPresent Continuous giống “be going to” - We're going to drive/We're driving down to the South of France - That'll be a long journey - Yes, it'll take two days We'll arrive on Sunday Quyết định dự định (Decisions and intentions) WILL BE GOING TO Ta dùng will để miêu tả định Be going to nghĩa ta định đồng ý làm chuyện lúc nói - There's a postbox over there I'll post these - I'm going out I'm going to post these letters letters - You still haven't put those shelves up, Trevor - You still haven't put those shelves up, Trevor I know I'm going to it tomorrow -OK, I'll it tomorrow Trevor định lúc nói Trevor định trước Tiên đốn (Predictions) WILL BE GOING TO Ta dùng will để tiên đoán chuyện xảy Ta dùng be going to dựa tình hình tương lai quan sát để tiên đoán chuyện xảy tương lai I think United will win the game One day people will travel to Mars There isn't a cloud in the sky It's going to be a lovely day This bag isn't very strong It's going to break Thường dùng hai hình thức để tiên đốn Ví dụ như, ta cũng thể nói: I think United are going to win the game Thường be going to trang trọng nghiêng văn nói will Exercise: Write the following sentences in the most likely form (present progressive or be going to) I am afraid I cannot come to dinner on Saturday I ………………………… Tim (meet) My cousins …………………………… to stay with us on the weekend (come) Look at that car ! It …………………… that tree (hit) Did you hear that the company ……………………… a new factory ? (open) Kate is really unhappy at work so she ……………………………… a new job soon (look for) At 9.00 on Monday she ………………………… to the hairdresser (go) She looks really upset I think she ………………………… (cry) Look at the sky! It …………………… a lovely day today (be) Yes, I’ll join you all this evening I ………………………….(not work) 10 There’s no point in running now We ………………………… the bus anyway (miss) A Choose the one word or phrase – a, b, c or d - that best completes the sentence My parents tomorrow to stay with me for a few days a come b will have come c are commitd came I'll return Bob's pen to him the next time I him a see b will see c I'm going to see d have seen The firework display, part of the city's centenary celebration, place on the 21st August in Cannon Park a will take b is taking c is going to take d takes This is the first time we to Scotland so it's all new to us a are going b Were c have been d will go Look at those cars! They ! a will crash b are crashing c will be crashed d are going to crash We hope the excursion will help us a lot after working hard a relax b relaxing e relaxed d be relaxed Goodnight I you in the morning a see b am seeing, c am going to see d will see What's in the letter? Why a don't you let me to read it b don't you let me reading it c won't you let rue read it d won't you let me to read it Only in this house safe and secure a I feel b I feel c I feel d feel 10 Hurry The next bus at 7:15 a leave b leaves c is leaving d will leave 11 Nobody can persuade her her mind a change b to change c changing d changed 12 'We're having a party at the weekend' 'Great! Who a will being invited b is going to invite c is going to be invited d will invite 13 I'll give you a map a in order for you find the way all right so that you will find the way all right in order that you can find the way all right b and c are all correct 14 He was busy his homework a doing b to c that he was doing d he was doing 15 'Are Alice and Tom still living in New York? "No, they to Dallas,' a are moving b had already moved c have just moved d will moved b c d TOPIC 11: Although vs In spite of – Because vs Because of Although/ though/ even though/ much as + clause (mệnh đề) Despite / in spite of + noun/ noun phrases (cụm danh từ) Because / since/ as/ for + clause (mệnh đề) Because of + noun/ noun phrases (cụm danh từ) Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ sau: 1) Nếu chủ ngữ mệnh đề giống nhau: Bỏ chủ ngữ, động từ thêm ING Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time 2) Nếu chủ từ danh từ + be + tính từ: Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ, bỏ to be Although the rain is heavy, N ADJ Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, ADJ N 3) Nếu mệnh đề gồm đại từ + be + tính từ : Đổi đại từ(I, We, You, They, She, He, It) thành tính từ sỡ hửu(my, our, your, their, her, his, its), đổi tính từ thành danh từ, bỏ be Although He was sick, Despite / in spite of his sickness, 4) Nếu mệnh đề gồm đại từ + động từ + trạng từ: Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ, trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ Although he behaved impolitely, Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior , 5) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ: Thì bỏ there be Although there was an accident , Despite / in spite of an accident, Đây cơng thức chung nhất, nhiều trường hợp đặc biệt phức tạp hơn, cần giải linh hoạt phương pháp biến đổi từ loại Although a special guest attended suddenly in the party,… In spite of the sudden attendance of a special guest in the party,… Trong câu này, trạng từ suddenly chuyển thành tính từ sudden, động từ attend chuyển thành attendance khơng có đại từ nên sử dụng cấu trúc sở hữu với of 6) Nếu câu có dạng : It (be) + tính từ thời tiết => Đổi tính từ thành danh từ thêm the phía trước Although it was rainy, => Despite / in spite of the rain, ……… Các tính từ danh từ thường gặp mẫu là: Foggy => fog ( sương mù ) Snowy => snow (tuyết) Rainy => rain (mưa) Stormy => storm ( bão) 7) Nếu câu có dạng: Danh từ + (be) + p.p ( câu bị động) => Đổi p.p thành danh từ, thêm the phía trước of phía sau, danh từ câu đem xuống để sau of Although television was invented, => Despite / in spite of the invention of television, ……… 8) Phương pháp cuối cũng phương pháp dễ : thêm the fact that trước mệnh đề Phương pháp áp dụng cho câu mà không cần phân tích xem thuộc mẫu này, nhiên phương pháp khơng khuyến khích sử dụng suy cho biến đổi rèn luyện cho em cách sử dụng cấu trúc câu, câu thêm the fact that viết lại hết em khơng nâng cao trình độ Phương pháp áp dụng gặp câu q phức tạp mà khơng có cách biến đổi Một trường hợp khác mà em sử dụng : lúc thi gặp câu khó mà qn cách biển đổi Ex: Although he behaved impolitely, => Despite / in spite of the fact that he behaved impolitely, Công thức cũng áp dụng cho biến đổi từ BECAUSE -> BECAUSE OF Bài tập: I Viết lại câu sau giữ nguyên nghĩa Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well In spite of ……………… Mary could not go to school because she was sick Because of ………………… Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time Despite …………… My mother told me to go to school although I was sick In spite of …………… Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home Because of ……………………… Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad Despite ……………………… Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman Despite ……………………… In spite of his god salary, Tom gave up his job Although ……………………… Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep In spite of ……………………… 10 In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies Even though ……………………… 11 Though he is rich, he never helps the poor => Despite………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12.Although she is poor, she is always happy => In spite of…………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Though it rained heavily, we still went to school => Despite……………………………………………………………………………………… 14 She decided to accept the job despite the low salary => Though………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 Though he has an English name, he is in fact German => In spite of……………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Although he was inexperienced, he got a good salary => Despite…………………………………………………………………………………………… 17 In spite of her laziness, she passed the exam => Though…………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 Although she was sad, she smiled => Despite……………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 Though her grades were low, she was admitted to the university => In spite of 20 Although the weather was bad, they went swimming => Despite……………………………………………………………………………………………… II Fill in the blanks with “because/ because of/ although/ in spite of” We arrived late ………… the bad weather She refused the job …the high salary We did the test well… …it was difficult The flight was not delayed… …the fog … … the car was cheap, it was in good condition I put the food in the fridge … I want it to get cold … Janet wanted to save money, she gave up smoking …it rained a lot, we enjoyed our vacation a/ .all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong b/ …………we had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong 10 a/ I went home early …… …I was feeling sick b/ I went to work the previous da…………… …I was still feeling sick 11 I couldn’t get to sleep …………….…there was a lot of noise 12 I didn’t get the job ……… …being extremely qualified 13 ………the traffic was bad, I arrived on time 14 I couldn’t sleep ………… I was really tired 15 I went swimming …………………It was raining 16 Mary didn’t go to school ………….she was ill III Rewrite the sentences using the word given: 1/ I don’t trust John because he behaves badly (because of) _ 2/ Peter passed all the exams with good results because of his hard work (because) _ 3/ He succeeded in his life although he came from a poor family (despite) _ 4/ He can’t smile because his mother died (because of) _ 5/ He retired earlier than his age because of his illness (because) _ 6/ Don’t shout at him although he is lazy (despite) _ 7/ They are always happy although they have very little money ( In spite of) _ 8/ Rice grows well here because of the warm and wet climate (Because) _ TOPIC 12: REPORTED SPEECH (CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT) - Trong câu trực tiếp thông tin từ người thứ đến thẳng người thứ hai (người thứ nói trực tiếp với người thứ hai) Ex: He said "I bought a new motorbike for myself yesterday" - Trong câu gián tiếp thông tin từ người thứ qua người thứ hai đến với người thứ ba Khi câu có biến đổi mặt ngữ pháp Ex: He said he had bought a new motorbike for himself the day before - Để biến đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần: Nếu động từ tường thuật hện (say, tell, talk, ask… ) khơng có thay đổi Ex: She says: “ I will take an exam tomorrow” > She says she will take an exam the following day Nếu động từ câu tường thuật khứ (said, told, asked…… ) cần có thay đổi câu gián tiếp Quy tắc đổi sau: Đổi chủ ngữ đại từ nhân xưng khác câu trực chủ ngữ thành phần thứ Lùi động từ vế thứ xuống cấp so với lúc ban đầu Biến đổi đại từ thị, phó từ thời gian địa điểm theo bảng qui định Bảng đổi động từ Direct speech Simple present Present progressive Present perfect (Progressive) Simple past Will/Shall Can/May Indirect speech Simple past Past progressive Past perfect (Progressive) Past perfect Would/ Should Could/ Might Bảng đổi đại từ thị, phó từ địa điểm thời gian Today Yesterday The day before yesterday Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Next + Time Last + Time Time + ago This, these Here, Overhere That day The day before Two days before The next/ the following day In two days' time The following + Time The previous + Time Time + before That, those There, Overthere Nếu lời nói hành động xảy ngày khơng cần phải đổi thời gian At breakfast this morning he said "I will be busy today" At breakfast this morning he said he would be busy today Các suy luận logic mặt thời gian tất nhiên cần thiết lời nói thuật lại sau hai ngày (On Monday) He said " I'll be leaving on Wednesday " (On Tuesday) He said he would be leaving tomorrow (On Wednesday) He said he would be leaving today 43 Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể) S+say(s)/said+(that)+S+V *says/say to+Otells/tell+O said to+Otold+O Eg:He said to me”I haven’t finished my work”He told me he hadn’t finished his work Reported questions:(Tường thuật dạng câu hỏi) a Yes/No questions: S+asked/wanted to know/wondered+if/whether+S+V Eg ”Are you angry?”he askedHe asked if/whether I was angry (Chuyển câu hỏi câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định thực thay đổi thì,trạng từ thời gian,nơi chốn,chủ ngữ,tân ngữ ) b Wh-questions: S+asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered+Wh-words+S+V *says/say to+Oasks/ask+O said to+Oasked+O Eg ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher The teacher asked us what we were talking about Reported commands.(Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh) *Khẳng định:S+told+O+to-infinitive Eg.”Please wait for me here,Mary.”Tom saidTom told Mary to wait for him there *Phủ định:S+told+O+not to-infinitive Eg.”Don’t talk in class”,the teacher said to us. >The teacher told us not to talk in class *Reporting verbs (động từ tường thuật): -agree,decide,offer,promise,refuse +to-infinitive -advise,ask,encourage,invite,remind,tell,want,warn +O+to infinitive -admit(thừa nhận),deny(phủ nhận),stop,suggest +-ing form) Câu điều kiện lời nói gián tiếp: 1.Điều kiện có thật,có thể xảy ra:Chúng ta áp dụng quy tắc chung lời nói gián tiếp Eg.He said,”If I have much money,I’ll travel around the world.” He said (that)If he had much money ,he would travel around the world 2.Điều kiện khơng có thật/giả sử:Chúng ta giữ nguyên,không đổi Eg.”If I had two wings,I would fly everywhere”,he said He said If he had two wings,he would fly everywhere Exercise 1: Rewrite following sentences so that the meaning stay the same 1.”If I were you,I wouldn’t buy this car” He advised 2.”Shall I carry your suicase,Lan?”said Nam Nam offered 3.”Yes,all right,I’ll share the food with you,Dave.” Ann agreed 4.”Sue,can you remember to buy some bread?” Paul reminded 5.”Don’t touch anything in this room”,the man said to the children The man ordered 6.”I must go home to make the dinner”,said Mary Mary 7.”Are you going to Ho Chi Minh City next week?”Tom asked me Tom asked 8.”Have you finished your homework?”Mom asked Mom asked if 9.She said to me:”I can’t it by myself” She told me that 10.”Does your brother live in London,Nam?”Lan asked 44 Lan wanted to know if 11.”Don’t repeat this mistake again.”his father warned him His father warned him 12.”Give me a smile,”The photographer said to me The 13.”Don’t leave these book on the table” ,the librarian said to the students The librarian told the students 14.”Have you travelled abroad much?”he asked me He 15.”Who has written this note?” the boss asked the secretary The boss asked 16.”I have just received a postcard from my sister,”my friend said to me My friend told me 17.”This story happened long ago”he said He said TOPIC 13: CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1) Câu điều kiện có thực câu mà người nói dùng để diễn đạt hành động tình thường xảy (thói quen) xảy (trong tương lai) điều kiện mệnh thoả mãn Nếu nói tương lai, dạng câu sử dụng nói đến điều kiện thực xảy TƯƠNG LAI (FUTURE ACTION) If he tries much more, he will improve his English If I have money, I will buy a new car THÓI QUEN (HABITUAL) if + S + simple present tense + simple present tense If the doctor has morning office hours, he visits every patiens in the affternoon I usually walk to school if I have enough time MỆNH LỆNH (COMMAND) If + S + simple present tense + command form of verb + If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me Please call me if you hear anything from Jane I/Chia động từ ngoặc If the book (not be )…………………………… expensive, I'll buy it I'll go out if it (not rain)……………………………… If that hat costs much, I (buy) …………………………… a small one I will lend them some money if they (ask) …………………………… me My dog (bark) …………………………… if it (hear) ………………………… any strange sound 45 They (not/let) …………………………… you in if you (come) late If you (not go) ……………………………… away, I (send) ……………………………… for a policeman What ……………….we(do)…………………… if they not come tomorrow? If I (not/eat) …………………………… breakfast tomorrow morning, I (get) ………………………… hungry during class 10 If she (come) ……………………………… late again, she (lose) ……………………………her job 11 I (let) …………………………… you know if I (find) …………………………………… out what’s happening 12 We (phone) …………………………………… you if we have time 13 If I’m free on Saturday, I (go) ………………………… to the mountains 14 She (have) …………………………… a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this 15 I know I (feel) ……………………….better if I (stop) …………………… smoking 16 He’s waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago If his mother (come) ………………………… home, he (have) …………………………………… a lot of presents 17 The kitchen will look better if we (have) ………………………………… red curtains 18 If you (not be) …………………… so busy, I (show) ………………………… you how to play 19 It (be) ………………………………… quicker if you (use)……………………… a computer 20 If we (have) ………………………………… some eggs, I (make) ………………………………… you a cake 21 Bring him another if he (not/like) ……………………………… this one 22 She (be) ………………………… angry if she (hear) ………………………… this tomorrow 23 Unless you are more careful, you (not/have) …………………………… an accident 24 If you (like)…………………………., I (get) ………………………………… you a job in this company II Đọc mẩu đối thoại sau chọn dạng câu điều kiện cách gạch Rita: Have you heard about the pop festival? Mary: Yes, it's,/it'll be good if Littlesaigon are playing They're a great band Rita: Will you be able to go, Nancy? Nancy: If (1) I ask/I'll ask my boss, he’ll give me some time off work, I expect Mary: How are we going to get there? Rita: Well, if (2) there are/there'll be enough people, we can hire a minibus Mary: I won't be going if (3) it’s/it'll be too expensive Rita: It (4) isn’t costing/won't cost much if we all (5) share/will share the cost Nancy: If (6) I see/I’ll see the others later on tonight, (7) I ask/I'll ask them if they want to go III Bình luận tình sau Sử dụng “if + đơn + will/can” a It might rain If it does, everyone can eat inside If it rains, everyone can eat inside b The children mustn't go near Nancy's dog It'll bite them If the children go near Nancy's dog, it'll bite them Rita might fail her driving test But she can take it again 46 _ Liverpool might lose If they do, Terry will be upset _ The office may be closed In that case, Mike won't be able to get in _ Cathy may arrive a bit early If she does, she can help her mother to get things ready _ The party might go on all night If it does, no one will want to any work tomorrow _ Alice may miss the train But she can get the next one _ Is Jack going to enter the race? He'll probably win it _ 47 ... learn English years ago 10 ) She (be) .an engineer last week 11 ) Lan (be /not) at home yesterday 12 ) He (wear) .the shirt last week 13 ) They (be ) here yesterday 14 ) you (go) ... went 17 - She to brush her teeth yesterday A forget B forgot C forgetting D was forgetting 18 - Ba his room yesterday afternoon A clean and tidy B cleaned and tidied C cleaned and tidy... path 13 When we (pay) ………… the bill, we left the restaurant 14 When the firework (go) …………….off, the dog (run) ………… away 15 Marie Curie (award) …………….a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 19 11 16