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UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS UAVS DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT Reg Austin Aeronautical Consultant A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication
P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTEFM JWBK459-Austin March 19, 2010 12:44 Printer Name: Yet to ComeUNMANNED AIRCRAFTSYSTEMSUAVS DESIGN, DEVELOPMENTAND DEPLOYMENTReg AustinAeronautical ConsultantA John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTEFM JWBK459-Austin March 19, 2010 12:44 Printer Name: Yet to Come P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTEFM JWBK459-Austin March 19, 2010 12:44 Printer Name: Yet to ComeUNMANNED AIRCRAFTSYSTEMS P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTEFM JWBK459-Austin March 19, 2010 12:44 Printer Name: Yet to ComeAerospace Series ListPath Planning Strategies for CooperativeAutonomous Air VehiclesTsourdos et al August 2010Introduction to Antenna Placement & Installation Macnamara April 2010Principles of Flight Simulation Allerton October 2009Aircraft Fuel Systems Langton et al May 2009The Global Airline Industry Belobaba April 2009Computational Modelling and Simulation ofAircraft and the Environment: Volume 1 - PlatformKinematics and Synthetic EnvironmentDiston April 2009Handbook of Space Technology Ley, Wittmann, Hallmann April 2009Aircraft Performance Theory and Practice for Pilots Swatton August 2008Surrogate Modelling in Engineering Design:A Practical GuideForrester, Sobester, Keane August 2008Aircraft Systems, 3rdEdition Moir & Seabridge March 2008Introduction to Aircraft Aeroelasticity And Loads Wright & Cooper December 2007Stability and Control of Aircraft Systems Langton September 2006Military Avionics Systems Moir & Seabridge February 2006Design and Development of Aircraft Systems Moir & Seabridge June 2004Aircraft Loading and Structural Layout Howe May 2004Aircraft Display Systems Jukes December 2003Civil Avionics Systems Moir & Seabridge Dec 2002 P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTEFM JWBK459-Austin March 19, 2010 12:44 Printer Name: Yet to ComeUNMANNED AIRCRAFTSYSTEMSUAVS DESIGN, DEVELOPMENTAND DEPLOYMENTReg AustinAeronautical ConsultantA John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTEFM JWBK459-Austin March 19, 2010 12:44 Printer Name: Yet to ComeThis edition first published 2010C2010 John Wiley & Sons LtdRegistered officeJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United KingdomFor details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission toreuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com.The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any formor by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright,Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available inelectronic books.Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names andproduct names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respectiveowners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed toprovide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding thatthe publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required,the services of a competent professional should be sought.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataAustin, Reg.Unmanned aircraft systems : UAVS design, development and deployment / Reg Austin.p. cm.Includes index.ISBN 978-0-470-05819-0 (cloth)1. Drone aircraft. 2. Airplanes–Radio control. 3. Navigation (Aeronautics) I. Title.TL718.A97 2010623.7469–dc22 2009054381A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.ISBN 9780470058190 (H/B)Set in 9/11pt Times by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, IndiaPrinted and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham, Wiltshire, UK P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTEFM JWBK459-Austin March 19, 2010 12:44 Printer Name: Yet to ComeMrs Ann Austin, BSc.1938–2010Throughout our 50 years of happy marriage, Ann was most supportive of me in my work.From our helicopter wedding in 1960 through to her organising and conducting the day tours for thewives of the delegates of the International UAS Conferences, Ann became known and well-liked inseveral aeronautical circles world-wide.She did this in addition to bearing and raising our two sons and having her own career in education.One of her dreams was to see the publication of this book which could not have been written without herencouragement and support.The realisation of that dream was stolen from her by her death from cancer.Shewillbesorelymissedbysomany.I dedicate the book to her memory. P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTEFM JWBK459-Austin March 19, 2010 12:44 Printer Name: Yet to Come P1: OTE/OTE/SPH P2: OTEFM JWBK459-Austin March 19, 2010 12:44 Printer Name: Yet to ComeContentsForeword xiiiAcknowledgements xivSeries Preface xvPreface xviiUnits and Abbreviations xix1 Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) 11.1 Some Applications of UAS 11.2 What are UAS? 31.3 Why Unmanned Aircraft? 51.4 The Systemic Basis of UAS 91.5 System Composition 9References 15Part 1 THE DESIGN OF UAV SYSTEMS 172 Introduction to Design and Selection of the System 192.1 Conceptual Phase 192.2 Preliminary Design 202.3 Detail Design 202.4 Selection of the System 203 Aerodynamics and Airframe Configurations 253.1 Lift-induced Drag 253.2 Parasitic Drag 263.3 Rotary-wing Aerodynamics 293.4 Response to Air Turbulence 323.5 Airframe Configurations 343.6 Summary 42References 434 Characteristics of Aircraft Types 454.1 Long-endurance, Long-range Rˆole Aircraft 454.2 Medium-range, Tactical Aircraft 55 [...]... high-altitude surveillance Radar system jamming and destruction Electronic intelligence Airfield base security Airfield damage assessment Elimination of unexploded bombs Introduction to Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) 1.2 3 What are UAS? An unmanned aircraft system is just that – a system It must always be considered as such The system comprises a number of sub-systems which include the aircraft (often referred... over-simplistic view of an unmanned aircraft is that it is an aircraft with its aircrew removed and replaced by a computer system and a radio-link In reality it is more complex than that, and the aircraft must be properly designed, from the beginning, without aircrew and their accommodation, etc The aircraft is merely part, albeit an important part, of a total system The whole system benefits from its being... stations), aircraft launch and recovery sub-systems where applicable, support sub-systems, communication sub-systems, transport sub-systems, etc It must also be considered as part of a local or global air transport/aviation environment with its rules, regulations and disciplines UAS usually have the same elements as systems based upon manned aircraft, but with the airborne element, i.e the aircraft being... aircrew (as a sub -system) , with its interfaces with the aircraft controls and its habitation is replaced by an electronic intelligence and control subsystem The other elements, i.e launch, landing, recovery, communication, support, etc have their equivalents in both manned and unmanned systems Unmanned aircraft must not be confused with model aircraft or with ‘drones’, as is often done by the media A... complete system which, as shown in Figure 1.1, briefly comprises: a) a control station (CS) which houses the system operators, the interfaces between the operators and the rest of the system; b) the aircraft carrying the payload which may be of many types; c) the system of communication between the CS which transmits control inputs to the aircraft and returns payload and other data from the aircraft. .. Travelling wave tube Unmanned aircraft system Unmanned Aircraft System Commander Unmanned Aircraft Study Group (ICAO) UAS pilot Unmanned (or uninhabited) aerial vehicle UAV pilot Unmanned (or uninhabited) combat armed rotorcraft UAV Common automated recovery system (US) Unmanned (or uninhabited) combat air vehicle Universal Control Station (NATO) Unmanned ground-based system Unmanned ground vehicle... the aircraft element is but one part of the coordinated system, it is almost certainly the element which drives the requirements of the other system elements to the greatest extent The aircraft itself will have much in common with manned aircraft, but also several differences which are explained These differences often result from the differences in operational requirements compared with manned aircraft, ... type) Shipboard control station (or system) Small computer system interface/Single card serial interface Synthetic environment Systems engineering and assessment Suppression of enemy air defences Systems Engineering for Autonomous Systems (UK DTC) Specific fuel consumption Stabilisation Force (NATO) Specific gravity Super-high-frequency Shaft horsepower Signals intelligence System integration laboratory Seeking... 15.3 15.4 15.5 Transportation Micro-UAV VTOL Close-range Systems HTOL Close-range Systems Medium-range Systems MALE and HALE Systems 201 201 201 201 202 203 16 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 Design for Reliability Determination of the Required Level of Reliability Achieving Reliability Reliability Data Presentation Multiplexed Systems Reliability by Design Design for Ease of Maintenance 205 206 208 210... Development THE DEVELOPMENT OF UAV SYSTEMS 217 221 18 18.1 18.2 18.3 Introduction to System Development and Certification System Development Certification Establishing Reliability 223 223 224 224 19 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 System Ground Testing UAV Component Testing UAV Sub-assembly and Sub -system Testing Testing Complete UAV Control Station Testing Catapult Launch System Tests Documentation 227 227 . Control of Aircraft Systems Langton September 2006Military Avionics Systems Moir & Seabridge February 2006Design and Development of Aircraft Systems Moir. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) 11.1 Some Applications of UAS 11.2 What are UAS? 31.3 Why Unmanned Aircraft? 51.4 The Systemic Basis of UAS 91.5 System Composition