This page intentionally left blank Jonson, Hor ac e a n d t h e C l a ssic a l T r a di t ion The influence of the Roman poet Horace on Ben Jonson has often been acknowledged, but never fully explored Discussing Jonson’s Horatianism in detail, this study also places Jonson’s densely intertextual relationship with Horace’s Latin text within the broader context of his complex negotiations with a range of other ‘rivals’ to the Horatian model, including Pindar, Seneca, Juvenal and Martial The new reading of Jonson’s classicism that emerges is one founded not upon static imitation, but rather upon a lively dialogue between competing models€ – an allusive mode that extends into the Â�seventeenth-century reception of Jonson himself as a latter-day ‘Horace’ In the course of this analysis, the book provides fresh readings of many of Jonson’s best-known poems€– including ‘Inviting a Friend to Supper’ and ‘To Penshurst’€– as well as a new perspective on many lesser-known pieces, and a range of unpublished manuscript material v ic t or i a mou l is Lecturer in Latin literature at the University of Cambridge She is an active translator of early modern Latin, contributing to several major recent translation projects In addiÂ� tion, she has published a range of articles on classical material in Jonson, Donne and Milton, and on the reception of Virgil, Horace and Pindar Jonson, Hor ace a n d t h e C l a ssic a l T r a di t ion V ic tor i a Mou l CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521117425 © Victoria Moul 2010 This publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published in print format 2010 ISBN-13 978-0-511-71269-2 eBook (NetLibrary) ISBN-13 978-0-521-11742-5 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate For my parents, with love and gratitude Contents Acknowledgements List of abbreviations page ix x Introduction:€imitation, allusion, translation: reading Jonson’s Horace 1â•…Jonson’s Odes:€Horatian lyric presence and the dialogue with Pindar 13 2â•… Horatian libertas in Jonson’s epigrams and epistles 54 3â•…Competing voices in Jonson’s verse satire:€Horace and Juvenal 94 4â•… Poetaster:€classical translation and cultural authority 135 5â•…Translating Horace, translating Jonson 173 Conclusion:€More remov’ d mysteries:€Jonson’s textual ‘occasions’ 211 Appendix:€manuscript transcriptions Bibliography Index of passages discussed General index 217 226 241 245 vii 234 Bibliography Griffin, Miriam, ‘De Beneficiis and Roman Society’, Journal of Roman Studies, 93 (2003), 92–113 â•… Seneca:€a Philosopher in Politics (Oxford:€Clarendon Press, 1976) Griffith, J G., ‘The ending of Juvenal’s First Satire and Lucilius, Book 30’, Hermes, 98 (1970), 56–72 Guillén, Claudio, ‘Notes towards the Study of the Renaissance Letter’, in Barbara Kiefer Lewalski (ed.), Renaissance Genres:€ Essays on Theory, History and Interpretation (Cambridge, MA:€Harvard University Press, 1986), pp 70–101 Gunmere, Richard M (trans.), Seneca:€ Ad Lucilium Epistulae Morales, vols (Cambridge, MA:€Harvard University Press, 1920; repr 2001) Gunn, Thom, Collected Poems (London:€Faber and Faber, 1993) â•… The Man with Night Sweats (London:€Faber and Faber, 1992) â•… The Occasions of Poetry:€ Essays in Criticism and Autobiography, ed Clive Wilmer (London:€Faber and Faber, 1982) Hamilton, John T., Soliciting Darkness:€ Pindar, Obscurity, and the Classical Tradition (Cambridge, MA and London:€Harvard University Press, 2003) Hardie, Philip, ‘Vt pictura poesis? Horace and the Visual Arts’, in Niall Rudd (ed.), Horace 2000:€a Celebration Essays for the Bimillenium (London:€Duckworth, 1993), pp 120–39 Hardman, C B., ‘Penshurst’s Co-operative Fish’, Notes and Queries, 244 (1999), 250–1 Harrison, S J., ‘Horace, Pindar, Iullus Antonius, and Augustus:€ Odes 4.2’, in S J Harrison (ed.), Homage to Horace:€a Bimillenary Celebration (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), pp 108–27 Harvey, R A., A Commentary on Persius (Leiden:€Brill, 1981) Hawlin, Stefan, ‘Epistemes and Imitations:€ Thom Gunn on Ben Jonson’, Proceedings of the Modern Languages Association, 122 (2007), 1522–4 Hegel, G W F., Aesthetics:€ Lectures on Fine Arts, trans T M Knox, vols (Oxford:€Clarendon Press, 1975) Helgerson, Richard, Self-Crowned Laureates:€ Spenser, Jonson, Milton and the Literary System (Berkeley:€University of California Press, 1984) Henderson, John, Writing Down Rome:€ Satire, Comedy, and Other Offences in Latin Poetry (Oxford:€Clarendon Press, 1999) Herford, C H and Percy Simpson (eds.), Ben Jonson, 11 vols (Oxford:€Clarendon Press, 1925–52) Hinds, Stephen, Allusion and Intertext:€ Dynamics of Appropriation in Roman Poetry (Cambridge University Press, 1998) Hobsbaum, Philip, ‘Ben Jonson in the Seventeenth Century’, Michigan Quarterly Review, 16 (1977), 405–23 Hoskins, John, Directions for Speech and Style, ed Hoyt H Hudson, Princeton Studies in English 12 (Princeton University Press, 1935) Howell, Peter, A Commentary on Book One of the Epigrams of Martial (London: Athlone Press, 1980) Hudson, Hoyt Hopewell, The Epigram in the English Renaissance (Princeton University Press, 1947) Bibliography 235 Hunter, R., ‘Horace on Friendship and Free Speech: Epistles I.18 and Satires I.4’, Hermes 113 (1985), 480–90 Inwood, Brad, Reading Seneca:€ Stoic Philosophy at Rome (Oxford:€Clarendon Press, 2005) Jackson, Gabriele Bernhard, ‘Structural Interplay in Ben Jonson’s Drama’, in Alvin Kernan (ed.), Two Renaissance Mythmakers:€Christopher Marlowe and Ben Jonson (Baltimore and London:€John Hopkins University Press, 1977), pp 113–45 Jardine, Lisa, Erasmus, Man of Letters:€ the Construction of Charisma in Print (Princeton University Press, 1993) John, Lisle C., ‘Ben Jonson’s “To Sir William Sidney, on His Birthday”, Modern Languages Review, 52 (1957), 168–76 Johnson, W R., Horace and the Dialectic of Freedom:€Readings in Epistles I (Ithaca and London:€Cornell University Press, 1993) Kallendorf, Craig, The Other Virgil:€‘Pessimistic’ Readings of the Aeneid in Early Modern Culture, Classical Presences (Oxford University Press, 2007) Kaplan, M Lindsay, The Culture of Slander in Early Modern England, Cambridge Studies in Renaissance Literature and Culture 19 (Cambridge University Press, 1997) Kernan, Alvin, The Cankered Muse:€Satire of the English Renaissance, Yale Studies in English 142 (New Haven:€Yale University Press, 1959) Kinney, Clare R., ‘Epic Transgression and the Framing of Agency in Dido Queen of Carthage’, Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900, 40 (2000), 261–76 Kipling, Rudyard, Rudyard Kipling’s Verse:€Definitive Edition (London:€Hodder and Stoughton, 1940) â•… Writings on Writing, ed Sandra Kemp and Lisa Lewis (Cambridge University Press, 1996) Kurke, Leslie, The Traffic in Praise:€ Pindar and the Poetics of Social Economy (Ithaca and London:€Cornell University Press, 1991) Lamb, Mary Ellen, ‘Wroth, Lady Mary (1587?–1651/1653)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004) (www.oxforddnb.com/ view/article/30082) Larkin, James F and Paul L Hughes (eds.), Stuart Royal Proclamations (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973) Lefkowitz, Mary R., ‘Pindar’s Nemean XI’, Journal of Hellenic Studies, 99 (1979), 49–56 Lemly, John, ‘Masks and Self-portraits in Jonson’s Late Poetry’, English Literary History, 44 (1977), 248–66 Levine, Jay Arnold, ‘The Status of the Verse Epistles before Pope’, Studies in Philology, 59 (1962), 658–84 Lindsay, W M (ed.), M Val Martialis Epigrammata (Oxford:€Clarendon Press, 1903; 2nd edn, 1929) Loewenstein, Joseph, Ben Jonson and Possessive Authorship (Cambridge University Press, 2002) 236 Bibliography â•… ‘The Jonsonian Corpulence; or, the Poet as Mouthpiece’, English Literary History, 53 (1986), 491–518 Lowrie, Michèle, Horace’s Narrative Odes (Oxford:€Clarendon Press, 1997) Martindale, Charles, ‘The Horatian and Juvenalesque in English Letters’, in Kirk Freudenburg (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Roman Satire (Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp 284–98 â•… Redeeming the Text:€Latin Poetry and the Hermeneutics of Reception (Cambridge University Press, 1993) â•… ‘Unlocking the Word-hoard:€In Praise of Metaphrase’, Comparative Criticism, (1984), 47–72 Martindale, Charles, and David Hopkins (eds.), Horace Made New:€ Horatian Influences on British Writing from the Renaissance to the Twentieth Century (Cambridge University Press, 1993) Martindale, Joanna, ‘The Best Master of Virtue and Wisdom:€ the Horace of Ben Jonson and His Heirs’, in Charles Martindale (ed.), Horace Made New: Horatian Influences on British Writing from the Renaissance to the Twentieth Century (Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp 50–85 Masten, Jeffrey, Textual Intercourse:€Collaboration, Authorship, and Sexualities in Renaissance Drama (Cambridge University Press, 1997) Maus, Katharine Eisaman, Ben Jonson and the Roman Frame of Mind (Princeton University Press, 1984) Mayer, Roland, ‘Sleeping with the Enemy:€Satire and Philosophy’, in Kirk Freudenburg (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Roman Satire (Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp 146–59 Mayer, Roland (ed.), Horace:€Epistles Book I, Cambridge Greek and Latin Classics (Cambridge University Press, 1994) McCanles, Michael, Jonsonian Discriminations:€the Humanist Poet and the Praise of True Nobility (University of Toronto Press, 1992) McCormack, Anthony M., ‘Fitzgerald, James fitz Gerald, Fifteenth Earl of Desmond (c.1570–1601)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004) (www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/9563) McEuen, Kathryn A., ‘Jonson and Juvenal’, Review of English Studies, 21 (1945), 92–104 McPherson, David, ‘Ben Jonson’s Library and Marginalia:€ an Annotated Catalogue’, Studies in Philology, 71 (1974), 1–106 Milgate, W (ed.), John Donne:€the Satires, Epigrams and Verse Letters (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967) Miller, Anthony, ‘â•›“These forc’d ioyes”:€Imitation, Celebration, and Exhortation in Ben Jonson’s Ode to Sir William Sidney’, Studies in Philology, 86 (1989), 42–68 Moles, John, ‘Poetry, Philosophy, Politics and Play:€Epistles I’, in Tony Woodman and Denis Feeney (eds.), Traditions and Contexts in the Poetry of Horace (Cambridge University Press, 2002), pp 141–57 Monsarrat, Giles D., Light from the Porch:€ Stoicism and English Renaissance Literature, Collection Études Anglaises, 86 (Paris:€Didier-Érudition, 1984) Bibliography 237 Moul, Victoria, ‘Ben Jonson’s Poetaster:€Classical Translation and the Location of Cultural Authority’, Translation and Literature, 15 (2006), 21–50 â•… ‘Donne’s Horatian Means:€Horatian Hexameter Verse in Donne’s Satires and Epistles’, John Donne Journal, 27 (2008), 21–48 â•… ‘A Mirror for Noble Deeds:€Pindaric Form in Jonson’s Odes and Masques’ in Peter Agocs, Richard Rawles and Chris Carey (eds.), The Reception of the Victory Ode (London:€Institute of Classical Studies, forthcoming) â•… ‘The Poet’s Voice:€Allusive Dialogue in Ben Jonson’s Horatian Poetry’, in Luke Houghton and Maria Wyke (eds.), Perceptions of Horace:€a Roman Poet and His Readers (Cambridge University Press, 2009) â•… ‘Translation as Commentary? 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(Cambridge University Press, 1995) Williamson, George, The Senecan Amble:€a Study in Prose Form from Bacon to Collier (University of Chicago Press, 1951) Woods, Susanne, ‘Ben Jonson’s Cary-Morison Ode:€Some Observations on Structure and Form’, Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900, 18 (1978), 57–74 Young, R V., Jr., ‘Jonson, Crashaw and the Development of the English Epigram’, Genre, 12 (1979), 137–52 Index of passages discussed Specific portions of longer poems are indexed separately only where there is a substantial discussion of the lines in question Gunn, Thom, ‘An Invitation’ 213–15 Odes I.1 10–11, 13, 20, 23, 42, 137, 157, 199 I.1.35–6 34, 187, 204 I.2 170 I.12 25–7 I.14 201–2 I.17 204 1.25 118 I.26 1, 173, 199 I.37 169 II.5 171 II.14 193 II.17 157 II.18 122 II.20 42, 45, 169, 205 III.3 117, 170 III.13 14 III.15 118 III.17 27 III.19 27 III.21 166 III.30 10–11, 13, 19, 20, 23, 34, 42, 185 IV.1 10, 206–10 IV.2 14, 34, 44–5, 47, 170 IV.3 35, 141 IV.4 14, 169 IV.5 14, 169 IV.6 169 IV.8 10–11, 13, 14–24, 185, 193 IV.8.1–12 15–16 IV.8.22–29 16–17 IV.9 10–11, 13, 14–24, 72, 185 IV.9.17–28 21–2 IV.11 27–8 IV.13 118 IV.15 14 Satires I.1 143, 146 Holland, Hugh, Pancharis 41–2 Horace Ars Poetica 88–9, 90, 101, 102, 166, 174, 175–92, 199 38–45 185–8 58–60 216 58–72 188–92 330–4 184–5 338–46 182–3 408–10 31 419–25 180–1 426–8 85–6, 181 434–7 178–80 Carmen Saeculare 168 Epistles I.1 85 I.2 72–3, 74 I.3 34, 166 I.5 10, 57–62 I.7 85, 112 I.11 10, 75–7, 116 I.18 10, 11, 72, 78–80, 90–2, 185, 194–8, 203 I.18.67–8 91–2 I.18.76–81 91–2 I.19 100, 112, 137, 185, 205 I.19.21–5 99 I.19.23–5 102–3 I.19.30–1 102–3 II.1 102, 103, 104, 133, 166 II.1.266–70 59, 70, 103–4 II.2 34, 166 Epodes 157 8–9, 122–6 102 14 204 241 242 Index of passages discussed Horace (cont.) I.2 142 I.3 142, 143, 146 I.4 10, 67–9, 133, 140, 143, 144–5 I.4.65–78 68–9 I.4.78–85 67–8 I.5 95 I.6 144, 167 I.9 139, 142, 143 I.10 90, 112, 142, 144, 145, 166, 203 I.10.78–90 143–4 II.1 10, 100, 139, 147–58 II.1.1–5 150–1 II.1.18–20 156–7 II.1.59–62 154–5 II.1.82–6 151–3 II.2 100 II.6 185 II.7 10, 73–4, 100, 116, 119–22 II.7.46–57 120–1 II.7.66–71 119 II.7.81–9 119–20 II.7.83–8 73–4 II.7.91–4 119–20 Homer Iliad 139 190 15 161 Jonson Ars Poetica 174, 175–92 53–64 185–8 83–6 216 83–104 188–92 472–8 184 507–19 182–3 517–19 184–5 597–606 180–1 607–10 181 617–22 178–80 Conversations with William Drummond 127, 130, 138, 177 Cynthia’s Revels 14, 98, 190 Discoveries 175 Epigrams (‘To my Booke’) 65–8 (‘To my Booke-seller’) 69–70 (‘To King James’) 65 (‘On the Union’) 65 (‘To Alchymists’) 64–5 14 (‘To William Camden’) 81 27 (‘On Sir John Roe’) 70, 75 32 (‘On Sir John Roe) 70, 75–7, 116 33 (‘To the same’) 70, 75 36 (‘To the Ghost of Martial’) 64 42 (‘On Giles and Jone’) 64 62 (‘To Fine Lady Would-bee’) 112 65 (‘To my Muse’) 92 70 (‘To William Roe’) 70, 71–3, 74 73 (‘To Fine Grand’) 88 98 (‘To Sir Thomas Roe’) 40–8, 71, 73–5, 92, 119, 198 99 (‘To the same’) 40–8, 71, 75, 198 101 (‘Inviting a Friend to Supper’) 54–63, 64, 66, 81, 180, 213–15 108 (‘To True Souldiers’) 67 128 (‘To William Roe’) 70 133 (‘On the Famous Voyage’) 95 Every Man Out of His Humour 98–101, 182, 197 ‘Farewell to the Stage’ (ode on the failure of The New Inn) 2, 200–1, 202–6 Forest (‘Why I write not of Love’) 115 (‘To Penshurst’) 115, 126–31, 180, 213–15 2.29–38 126–7 2.45–56 128–9 2.57–68 129–30 (‘To Sir Robert Wroth’) 8–9, 115, 122–6, 180, 213–15 3.1–12 123 3.97–106 124–6 (‘To the World’) 115, 116–22, 195 4.13–16 118 4.25–36 118–22 4.41–4 118 4.61–8 116–17 (‘Song To Celia’) 10 10 24–7, 205 11 (‘Epode’) 26 12 (‘Epistle To Elizabeth Countesse of Rutland’) 11, 14, 20–4, 34, 78, 107–8, 115, 185 12.37–64 20–2 12.75–87 22–3 12.83–7 187 13 (‘Epistle To Katherine, Lady Aubginy’) 34, 37, 108–11, 115 13.9–14 109 13.53–61 109–10 13.99–101 109 13.104–7 109 14 (‘Ode To Sir William Sydney, on his Birth-day’) 27–9, 32, 36 Hymenaei 211–12 Love Restored 108 News from the New World 205 Poetaster ‘Apologetical Dialogue’ 29, 66–7, 101–6 I.1 139, 145 Index of passages discussed I.2 145 II.1 144, 145 II.2 139, 142–3 III.1 III.1.3–7 143 III.4 140, 145 III.5 100, 147–58 III.5.16–36 149–50 IV.3 138, 140–2, 145 IV.3.104–18 141–2 IV.3.120–22 139 IV.5 139, 145, 161–2 IV.5.96–102 161–2 IV.6 167 IV.8 167 IV.8.26–31 157 IV.9 163 IV.10 163 V.1 162, 163, 164, 167–71 V.1.1–10 168–9 V.1.21–32 170–1 V.1.38–53 169–70 V.2 139, 163–5 V.2.1–5 163 V.2.11–13 163 V.2.28–32 164–5 V.3 137, 138, 140, 143–6, 165–7 V.3.10–24 157–8 V.3.296–313 137–9 V.3.337–61 145–6 V.3.447–54 143–4 Ungathered Verse 11, 14 (‘Ode Allegorike’) 32, 40–8, 52, 198 30 (‘The Vision of Ben Jonson, on the Muses of his Friend M Drayton’) 88 48 (‘Ode’) 29–32, 36 49 (‘An Epistle to a Friend’) 78, 79, 80, 194, 198 see€also:€UW 37 Underwood (‘A Celebration of Charis in ten Lyrick Peeces’) 206 (‘My Picture left in Scotland ’) 10 12 (‘An Epitaph on Master Vincent Corbet’) 211 13 (‘An Epistle to Sir Edward Sackvile, now Earle of Dorset’) 80, 81–8, 92, 181, 194 14 (‘An Epistle to Master John Selden’) 88–93, 175–6, 194 15 (‘An Epistle to a Friend, to perswade him to the Warres’) 80, 82, 111–15, 116, 117, 194 17 (‘Epistle To a Friend’) 82, 88 20 (‘A Satyricall Shrub’) 95 243 24 (‘The mind of the Frontispiece to a Booke’) 187 25 (‘An Ode to James Earle of Desmond, writ in Queene Elizabeths time, since lost, and recovered’) 32, 33–40, 52 26 (‘An Ode’) 36, 78 27 (‘An Ode’) 20 37 (‘An Epistle to a Friend’) 78, 79, 80 see€also: UV 49 42 (‘An Elegie’) 131–4 44 (‘A speach according to Horace’) 93, 95 45 (‘An Epistle to Master Arth: Squib’) 79, 80, 88, 179, 198 47 (‘An Epistle answering to one that asked to be Sealed of the Tribe of Ben’) 80, 82, 117, 195 54 (‘Epistle To Mr Arthur Squib’) 88 56 (‘Epistle To my Lady Covell’) 88 68 (‘An Epigram, To the House-hold’) 20 69 (‘Epigram To a Friend, and Sonne’) 80, 93 70 (‘To the immortall memorie, and friendship of that noble paire, Sir Lucius Cary, and Sir H Morison’) 14, 46, 48–53, 193 71 (‘To the Right Honourable, the Lord high Treasurer of England An Epistle Mendicant’) 78 77 (‘To the right Honourable, the Lord Treasurer of England An Epigram’) 11, 17–20, 193 84 (‘Eupheme’) 34, 119 85 (‘The praises of a Countrie life’) 122, 123 86 (‘Ode the first The fourth Booke To Venus’) 206–10 Juvenal Satires 97, 101, 107, 112, 133 30–1 100, 113 100, 112 126 112, 129–31 112 30–2, 112 22–7 105 28–30 105–6 10 108, 116–17, 124, 132 11 111 13 109–10 14 145 Marlowe, Christopher Dido, Queen of Carthage 160–5 II.1 83–99 164 244 Martial preface 66, 75 1.4 65 1.5 64–5 1.49 122 1.57 139 3.2 59 3.58 126, 128–9 3.60 130 5.20 71–2, 74 5.78 55 7.12 66 8.35 64 10.33 152 10.48 55, 56–7 11.52 55 Persius Prologue 42, 100–1, 133 Satire 113, 133 Pindar Isthmiam Odes 30 22, 29, 38, 39, 47 29 Nemean Odes 49 29, 40 16, 19, 29 Index of passages discussed 22, 36–7, 38, 49 7.12–16 36–7 10 49–50 11 50–2 Olympian Odes 25, 47 2.81–6 47 50 Pythian Odes 35, 45–6 50 12 30 Seneca De Beneficiis 81–8 I.1 82–3 I.4 84 II.1 83–4 II.2 83 Virgil Georgics II 122 III 71 Aeneid I 161 IV 139 VI 168 General index Allott, Robert see€Englands Parnassus allusion see€intertextuality Ascham, Roger Augustus, Caesar see€Jonson, Poetaster, presentation of Augustus authority, poetic 2–3, 10–11, 13, 182–92 Beaumont, Francis 193 Blackfriars, children’s company at 161, 165 Bland, Mark 33 Boehrer, Bruce 95 Boethius 201 Burrow, Colin 2, 80, 86, 97, 141, 151 Cain, Tom 135, 141, 148, 151 Cain, William 128 Camden, William 14 see€Jonson, Epigrams 14 Campion, Thomas ‘The Man of Life Upright’ 117 Chapman, George Blind Beggar of Alexandria 140 The Battle of Alcazar 140 Carew, Thomas 193 Chester, Charles 197 Chester, Robert Loves martyr 25 classical scholarship, early modern 4–5 see€also€Farnaby, Thomas; Heinsius, Daniel comical satires 98–106 see€also€Cynthia’s Revels, Every Man Out of His Humour and Poetaster Corbet, Vincent 193 Cubeta, Paul M 127 Dekker, Thomas satirised in Poetaster 140 Satiro-mastix 3, 34, 67 Desmond, James, Earl of 33–40 see€also€Jonson, UW 25 Donne, John 2, 11, 12, 59, 117, 177, 193 Drummond, William, of Hawthornden 177 see€also€Jonson, Conversations with Drummond Earles, John 203 translation of Jonson into Latin by, 204–5 education, early modern 4–5 Englands Parnassus 33, 36 Elizabeth I addressed by Jonson in UW 25 39–40 in Cynthia’s Revels 98 in Every Man Out of His Humour 98 epinicion, redefinition of, in Jonson’s odes 24–9, 32, 40–53 epistles, verse, in Jonson’s circle 193–9 see also Sir John Roe Farnaby, Thomas 2, edition of Martial’s epigrams by, 57 Feeney, Denis 3, 59 Fletcher, Angus 99 freedom of speech see€libertas Freudenburg, Kirk 3, 112 Fry, Paul H 36, 39 Genette, Gerard gnomic statements in Jonson’s poetry 36, 46, 48 grace, the significance of, in Jonson’s verse 24, 31, 35–40, 86, 87, 105–6, 108, 153, 188, 190–2 Grandsen, K W 95, 115 Greene, Thomas M 2, 55–7, 62, 75, 183, 191 Griffin, Miriam 87 Guilpin, Everard 95, 98 Gunn, Thom 54, 211–16 ‘An Invitation’ 213–15 Hardie, Philip 207, 209 Harington, John 193 Heinsius, Daniel 2, 5, 177, 184 Helgerson, Richard 159 245 246 General index Henderson, John 97 Herbert, Edward 193 Herrick, Robert 193 Holland, Hugh and Pancharis 40–2, 47–8 Horace Ars Poetica, as an epistle 176–7 and Virgil in Poetaster 158–72 Epistles: artistic independence in, 10–11, 85–6, 188; friendship in, 62, 87–8; imitations of, in Jonson’s circle 193–9; move away from invective in 103; translation of I.5 in Philip Kynder’s notebook 59–62 imitation of Pindar in 13–14, 15–19 ‘libertas’ in 3, 12 modern and early modern interpretations of 9–11, 12 Odes: IV.1, Jonson’s translation of 206–10; promise of immortality in I.1, III.30, IV.8 and IV.9 10–11, 13, 14, 18; translations of, in response to the regicide 201–2 Satires: II.1 and legal language 150–5; II.1 and recusatio 148–50, 153–4; compared to Juvenal in early modern criticism 96; related to Juvenal in Jonson’s work 96–106, 107–15 see€also€index of passages discussed Horatianising of Juvenal 97–8 of Martial 70, 75 of Seneca’s De Beneficiis 87–8 intertextuality 4–5, 6, 7, 11, 211–16 in recent classical scholarship see€also€under named authors James I, King, addressed in Jonson’s Epigrams 65 John, Lisle C 28 Jones, Inigo Jonson and freedom of speech see€libertas and Juvenal 8, 97–106, 107–15 and Martial 7–8, 54–70, 71–5 and Pindar 7, 13–14, 18–20, 24–53 and Seneca 7–8, 81–8 and the culture of translation 173–4, 192–206 and the role of the poet 2–3, 13, 167–72, 182–92 as editor of his own work 5–6 control of printed texts by 5–6 imitation of, in the later seventeenth century 1, 3, 173–4, 192–206 patronage see€patronage self-presentation of, as Horace 1–12, 211–16 and passim verse epistles by 7–8, 77–93; as distinct from epigrams 77–8; relationship to satire of 107–15; varieties of friendship in 80 verse satire 8, 94–8; incorporation of lyric self-confidence in 106, 131–4; relationship to epistles of 96, 107–15; the ‘Horatianising’ of Juvenal in 97–8, 110–11 Jonson, works see€also€index of passages discussed 1616 folio of 5–6 Ars Poetica, translation of 174, 175–92 Epigrams 7–8, 54–77; general relationship to Martial of 63–4; opening sequence of 64–70 Every Man Out of His Humour 98, 182, 197; Horatian and Juvenalian models in 99–101; Induction of 98–101 ‘Farewell to the Stage’ (ode on the failure of The New Inn) 2, 200–1, 202–6; translation into Latin of 202–6 Forest: satiric intrusion in the opening sequence of poems in 115–31; satiric opening of Forest 12 107–8 Poetaster: Horace’s Ars Poetica in 165–7; Horace’s Epistles in 165–7; Horace’s Odes in 167–72; Horace’s Satires in 137, 139, 140–58, 167; Marlowe’s Dido, Queen of Carthage in 160–5, 167; poetic immortality in 167–72; presentation of Augustus in 98, 103–4, 136, 147–58, 162–5, 167–72; role of Ovid in 139, 159–63; role of the poet in 135–6, 167–72; role of Virgil in 139, 147, 158–72; the historical Horace in 137; translation of Satires II.1 in 147–58; use of the term ‘translating’ in 136–42; Virgil’s defence of Horace in 136, 137, 138, 155 The Gypsies Metamorphosed 199 The New Inn, responses to the failure of 1, 8, 193 The Staple of News 182 Juvenal allusion to Horace in 97–8 compared to Horace in early modern criticism 96 compared to Horace in Jonson’s comical satires 98–106 compared to Horace in Jonson’s verse epistles 107–15 see€also€index of passages discussed Kallendorf, Craig 4, 11 General index Kaplan, M Lindsay 102 Kyd, Thomas, Spanish Tragedy 140 Kynder, Philip translation of Epistles 5–6 in the notebook of 59–62 Kurke, Leslie 24 Lefkowitz, Mary 51 libertas (freedom of speech) 3, 7, 12, 54–62, 77–93, 96–7, 188–92, 216 and friendship 77–93 and the ethics of address in Jonson’s epigrams and verse epistles 81 and the limits of free speech in classical satire 96–7 Loewenstein, Joseph 5, 6, 55 Lollius 72 see also Horace, Odes IV.9 Epistles I.2 and Epistles I.18 Lowrie, Michele 13 manuscript circulation and publication in 8–9, 174 verse epistles in 193–9 manuscripts Bodleian MS Ashmole 788 60, 62 Bodleian MS English poetry f 194 Bodleian MS English poetry f 16 1, 173, 198, 199, 200, 202 Bodleian MS Montagu d 203 Bodleian MS Rawlinson poetry 31 8–9, 29, 78, 80, 125, 193–8 Bodleian MS Rawlinson poetry 62 203 Bodleian MS Rawlinson poetry 209 203 British Library Additional MS 15227 203 British Library MS Harley 4064 29, 80, 194 Christ Church College (Oxford) MS 184 33, 34 Nottingham University Portland MS Pw V 37 81 St John’s College (Cambridge) MS S 23 193 Marlowe, Christopher 12 Dido, Queen of Carthage 160–5 Elegies 139 Marston, John, satirised in Poetaster 140 Martindale, Charles 10, 213 Martindale, Joanna 2, 10 Martial 9, 54–62, 65 combined with Horace in Jonson’s Epigrams 54–70 edited by Thomas Farnaby 57 opening sequence of the Epigrams 64–70 preface to Epigrams 66 Maus, Katharine 2, 13, 127 Miller, Anthony 27, 28 247 Mountjoy, Charles 41, 43, 45–6, 47, 48 Muecke, Frances 148 Oates, Mary I 53 Oliensis, Ellen 3, 177, 181, 192 Ovid 139, 159, 162, 185 as a character in Poetaster 159–63 see€also Marlowe, Dido, Queen of Carthage; index of passages discussed Pancharis see€Holland, Hugh Parfitt, G A E 174 patronage 3, 10–11, 12, 81–8, 103–6, 107–15, 135, 179–82 see€also grace Persius 42, 100–1, 113, 133 Peterson, Richard S 2, 50, 74 Pigman, George W Pindar and the promise of immortality 14 compared to Horace in early modern scholarship 4–5 imitated by Horace 13–14, 15–19, 22 imitated by Jonson 13–14, 18–20, 24–53 see€also€index of passages discussed Platz, Norbert 167 Polwhele, John 1, 8, 173, 193, 198–202 imitation of Odes I.26 by 1, 8, 173 translation of Epistles I.18 by 198–9 translation of Odes I.1 by 199 translation of Odes I.14 by 201–2 praise combined with satire in Jonson’s Epigrams 63–4 in Jonson’s odes 24–53 in the Roe epigrams 70–7 Putnam, Michael C J 11 Quinn, Kenneth 24, 42 Randolph, Thomas 2, 193, 202, 203 his Latin translation of Jonson 204 recusatio 14, 102–4, 148–50, 153–4 Revard, Stella 14, 48, 50–1 rivalry between Jonson and Martial 65 between Jonson and the monarch 65 see€also€intertextuality; Jonson Roe, family epigrams addressed to them 70–7 Roe, Sir John 70, 75–81, 194, 197–8 translation of Epistles I.18 possibly to be attributed to Roe 194–8 Roe, Sir Thomas 70, 71, 73–5, 198 Roe, Sir William 70–3 248 General index royalism, in imitations of Jonson, 3, 199–202 Rutland, Elizabeth, Countess of Jonson, Forest 12 satire 94–134 and praise in Jonson’s Epigrams 63–4 of the 1590s 94–5 intrusion of, in the Forest collection 115–31 relationship of Jonson’s verse satire and epistles 96 satire, classical Juvenal as a response to Horace in Jonson’s poetry 97–8, 107–15 Juvenal vs Horace in early modern criticism 96 see€also€Persius Sackville, Sir Edward, Earl of Dorset see€Jonson, UW 13 Scaliger, Julius 5, 96 Selden, John Titles of Honor 88, 92 see€Jonson, UW 14 Seneca De Beneficiis and UW 13 81–8 Jonson’s ‘Horatianising’ of 87–8 Shafer, Robert 14, 41 Shakespeare, William 1, 2, 12 Romeo and Juliet 139, 162 compared to Jonson 12, 147 Sidney, William 27–9, 32 see€Jonson, Forest 14 Sinfield, Alan 155, 171 Sisson, C H 176 Strode, William 193, 203 Latin translation of Jonson by 203–4 style, literary, discussed in UW 14 88–93 translation as a school exercise as response to the regicide 201–2 in early modern culture 9, 173–4, 192–206 in early modern manuscripts 9, 174, 192–206 of Jonson into Latin 174, 202–6 Tudeau-Clayton, Margaret 136, 147 victory, redefinition of, in Jonson’s Pindaric odes 24–53 virtue, identity of ethical and aesthetic 88–93 Virgil 71, 122, 139, 158–72 and Horace in Poetaster 158–72 early modern reception of the Aeneid 160 see€also Jonson, Poetaster, translation of Virgil; index of passages discussed Weston, Lord see Jonson, UW 77 Wooton, Sir Henry, ‘The Character of a Happy Life’ 117 Wroth, Sir Robert see€Jonson, Forest ... poems, and tell the value of the gift.8 Horace names the Greeks ‘Parrhasius … aut Scopas’ (6) as examples of a sculptor and a painter, and in the opening lines their work is associated with the. .. no recompense for them’, 20–2) The historical and mythological characters mentioned in the latter half of the poem, both Roman and Greek, owe their immortality to the Muse and the Muse alone: quid... allusion and translation€– is fundamental to my discussion of Jonson’s Horace Although the specific terms and texts of the allusive ‘dialogue’ with Horace (and, especially, the political and cultural