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The ICS Bridge Procedures Guide is widelyacknowledged as the principal industry guidanceon safe bridge procedures, and is used byMasters, watchkeeping officers, companies andtraining institutions worldwide. The Guide isreferenced in the footnotes of severalInternational Maritime Organization (IMO)Conventions.The new edition continues to embraceinternationally agreed standards andrecommendations adopted by the IMO, and nowaddresses the 2010 amendments to the STCWConvention introducing enhanced BridgeResource Management training for all officers incharge of the navigational watch. The newedition also includes helpful bridge andemergency checklists, including comprehensiveECDIS familiarisation checklists.Particular attention has also been given to theimportance of the passage planning process,including the safe and effective use of technology.It is strongly recommended that a copy of theFifth Edition is carried on board every ship, andthat copies are held within shipping companytechnical departments.
BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE FIFTH EDITION INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SHIPPING Representing the Global Shipping Industry BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE FIFTH EDITION INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SHIPPING Representing the Global Shipping Industry INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SHIPPING The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) is the principal international trade association for the shipping industry, representing shipowners and operators in all sectors and trades ICS membership comprises national shipowners' associations in Asia, Europe and the Americas whose member shipping companies operate over 80% of the world's merchant tonnage Established in 1921, ICS is concerned with all technical, legal, employment affairs and policy issues that may affect international shipping ICS represents shipowners with the various intergovernmental regulatory bodies that impact on shipping, including the International Maritime Organization (IMO) ICS also develops best practices and guidance, including a wide range of publications and free resources, that are used by ship operators globally While the advice given in this Guide has been developed using the best information available, it is intended purely as guidance to be used at the user's own risk No responsibility is accepted by Marisec Publications or by the International Chamber of Shipping or by any person, firm, corporation or organisation who or which has been in any way concerned with the furnishing of information or data, the compilation, publication or any translation, supply or sale of this Guide for the accuracy of any information or advice given herein or for any omission herefrom or from any consequences whatsoever resulting directly or indirectly from compliance with or adoption of guidance contained therein even if caused by a failure to exercise reasonable care BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE FIFTH EDITION Published by Marisec Publications 38 St Mary Axe London, EC3A 8BH Tel Fax Email Web +44 20 7090 1460 +44 20 7090 1484 publications@marisec.org www.ics-shipping.org First Published Revised Edition Third Edition Fourth Edition Fifth Edition 1977 1990 1998 2007 2016 © Marisec Publications 2016 No translation of this Guide into a language other than English may be made without the express permission of Marisec Publications BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE FOREWORD Since first published in 1977, the intention behind the ICS Bridge Procedures Guide has been to reflect current best navigational practice on commercial ships, operating in all sectors and trades The Bridge Procedures Guide is generally acknowledged as the principal industry advice on safe bridge procedures Consequently it is used as a reference publication by Masters, watchkeeping officers, shipping companies, training institutions and accident investigators worldwide The target audience for this Guide remains, first and foremost, Masters and officers in charge of a navigational watch at sea Keeping the Bridge Procedures Guide up to date and relevant is a major responsibility, and an important example of the work which ICS undertakes on behalf of the international shipping industry Technological and regulatory developments can contribute to making keeping a safe watch a complex and increasingly challenging responsibility The purpose of the Guide therefore is to provide clear guidance on best practice approaches to watchkeeping that make safe and effective use of modern technology This fully updated fifth edition continues to embrace internationally agreed standards and recommendations adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) The Guide also includes extensive checklists for use by companies, Masters and those officers responsible for developing ship specific checklists for bridge procedures A new feature of this edition is the increased use of diagrams and highlighted text emphasising key points The 2010 amendments to the STCW Convention have introduced inter alia enhanced Bridge Resource Management training for all officers in charge of a navigational watch, and stricter minimum rest hour requirements This was a direct response to the recognition by regulators and accident investigators of the importance of the human element in ship safety New equipment and technology underlines the need for familiarisation with ship specific arrangements ECDI5 is a particular example of this, and this new edition of the Guide includes comprehensive ECDIS familiarisation checklists and guidance that cautions against over reliance on the system In addition to contributing to maritime safety, efficient and well planned sea passages are necessary for the economic health of the shipping industry Together with new environmental requirements, including rules to reduce air emissions, there are additional pressures to ensure effective passage planning and efficient execution This new edition continues to emphasise the importance of the passage planning process The Guide continues to stress the importance of effective bridge procedures to support the conduct of safe navigation, efficient ship operations and the prevention of pollution Good practice on the bridge is the result of clear operational requirements established in the ship's Safety Management System and the Master's Standing Orders, effective management of trained and familiarised bridge personnel, and a thoroughly prepared passage plan on which the Bridge Team has been fully briefed The assistance of experts from ICS Member national shipowners' associations in the preparation of this Guide is gratefully acknowledged Special thanks are due to Captain Paul Jones of BW Group who efficiently led the working group tasked with the review This has ensured that the Guide remains relevant and maintains the high standard set by the previous editions Other working group members were nominated by the shipowners' associations of Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Netherlands and the United Kingdom as well as by the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) and the International Marine Contractors' Association (IMCA) Special thanks are also due to maritime administrations, accident investigators and colleagues from other maritime organisations who have offered recommendations or willingly given time and expertise to ensure that the Bridge Procedures Guide continues to offer the very best possible guidance on this critical subject BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 10 INTRODUCTION 16 EFFECTIVE BRIDGE ORGANISATION 19 1.1 Overview 20 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8 1.2.9 1.2.10 1.2.11 1.2.12 Bridge Resource Management and the Bridge Team Composition of the Bridge Team Sole Look-out The Bridge Team The Bridge Team and the Master Bridge Team Leadership, Resource Management and Teamwork The Bridge Team and Internal Communication Duties within the Bridge Team New Personnel and Familiarisation Hours of Rest Record Keeping and Schedules Drug and Alcohol Policies Use of English 20 20 21 21 21 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 24 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.2.1 1.3.2.2 Company Policy and Procedures Information Distribution Orders Master's Standing Orders Bridge Order Book 25 25 26 26 26 1.4 Mobile Phones and Personal Electronic Devices 26 1.5 Bridge Internet and Email 26 1.6 Emergency Preparedness 26 PASSAGE PLANNING 29 2.1 Principles 30 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 Responsibility for Passage Planning Company Involvement Passage Planning Constraints 30 31 31 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 Appraisal Official Charts Official Nautical Publications and Additional Information 31 32 33 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.4.6 2.4.7 2.4.8 Planning Passage Planning in Ocean Waters Passage Planning in Coastal Waters Passage Planning in Pilotage Waters Passage Planning Using ECDIS Finalising the Passage Plan Passage Plan Briefing Amendments to Routes Transferring Positions 33 34 35 35 35 36 36 36 36 2.4.9 2.4.10 2.4.11 2.4.12 2.4.12.1 2.4.13 Maritime Safety Information Planning an Anchorage Ships' Routeing Ship Reporting Systems Automated Ship Reporting and Monitoring Vessel Traffic Services 37 37 37 38 38 38 2.5 Executing and Monitoring the Passage Plan 38 DUTIES OF THE OFFICER OF THE WATCH 39 3.1 Overview 40 3.2 Effective Watch Handover 40 3.3 Managing the Bridge Watch 41 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 Maintaining a Proper Look-out Control of Night Vision Sole Look-out 41 42 42 3.5 Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System 43 3.6 Calling the Master 43 3.7 Familiarity with Bridge Layout and Equipment 43 3.8 Situational Awareness 43 3.9 Monitoring Shipboard Operations 44 3.10 3.10.1 3.10.2 3.10.3 3.10.4 3.10.5 Navigation and Control Manoeuvring Information Use of Propulsion Safe Speed Steering Control Track Control Systems 44 44 45 45 45 46 3.11 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.11.3 3.11.4 Monitoring the Passage Navigation in Coastal or Restricted Waters Monitoring Techniques Monitoring a Passage Plan on ECDIS Amending the Passage Plan 46 46 46 47 48 3.12 3.12.1 3.12.2 3.12.3 Compliance with the COLREGS Lights, Shapes and Sound Signals Risk of Collision Action to Avoid Collision 48 48 48 49 3.13 Navigation under Pilotage 49 3.14 Maintaining an Anchor Watch 49 3.15 3.15.1 3.15.2 3.15.3 3.15.4 3.15.5 3.15.6 3.15.7 GMDSS Watchkeeping Radio Watchkeeping Emergency Communications Maritime Safety Information Routine or General Communications GMDSS Log Keeping Communications Equipment Tests False Distress Alerts 50 50 51 51 51 51 52 52 3.16 Long Range Identification and Tracking 52 3.17 Ensuring Environmental Compliance 52 BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE 52 53 '53 3.17.1 3.17.2 3.17.3 Pollution Prevention Reporting Obligations Reporting Points 3.18 3.18.1 3.18.2 3.18.3 Operational Checks Routine Tests and Checks Software Anomalies 53 53 53 54 3.19 Recording Bridge Activities 54 3.20 3.20.1 3.20.2 Emergency Situations Management Search and Rescue 54 54 55 3.21 Danger Reporting 55 3.22 Helicopter Operations 55 3.23 Security Awareness 55 Periodic Checks of Navigational Equipment OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGE EQUIPMENT 57 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 General Carriage Requirements Equipment Performance Software Anomalies ECDIS Anomalies Cyber Security 58 58 58 58 59 59 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 Steering Gear and Automatic Pilot Operation and Testing Steering Control Autopilot - Heading Control Autopilot - Automatic Track-keeping Off-course Alarm Berthing Systems 60 60 60 60 60 60 61 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 Compass Systems Magnetic Compass Gyro Compass GNSS Compass Compass Errors Rate of Turn 61 61 61 61 62 62 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 Speed and Distance Log Speed Measurement Types of Speed Log Recording of Distance Travelled 62 62 62 62 4.5 Echo Sounders 62 4.6 Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System 63 4.7 Navigation Lights and Signalling Equipment 63 4.8 4.8.1 4.8.2 4.8.3 4.8.4 4.8.5 Voyage Data Recorder Overview VDR Requirements Preserving Records VDR Testing VDR Playback 63 63 64 64 64 65 4.9 Electronic Position Fixing Systems 65 :: Ais g l id e 4.9.1 4.9.2 4.9.3 4.9.4 4.9.5 4.9.6 Global Navigation Satellite System Differential GNSS GNSS Receivers Geodetic Datum Chart Accuracy and Precision Alternative Positioning Systems 65 65 65 65 65 66 4.10 4.10.1 4.10.2 4.10.2.1 4.10.2.2 4.10.3 4.10.4 Automatic Identification System AIS Overview AIS Aids to Navigation Physical AIS Aids to Navigation Virtual AIS Aids to Navigation Satellite AIS AIS and Search and Rescue 66 66 66 66 66 67 67 4.11 4.11.1 4.11.2 4.11.3 4.11.4 4.11.4.1 4.11.4.2 4.11.4.3 4.11.5 4.11.6 4.11.7 4.11.8 4.11.9 4.11.9.1 4.11.9.2 4.11.9.3 4.11.10 Radar and Radar Plotting Aids Safe Use of Radar Detection of Targets Radar Image Overlay Radar and Collision Avoidance Accuracy of Heading and Speed Inputs Plotting Periods Changing Target Bearing Radar Plotting Aids Heading and Speed Inputs Automatic Radar Target Acquisition AIS Targets on ARPA Radar and Navigation Para ei Indexing Charts on Radar E ectronic Mapping Functions Search and Rescue Transponder 67 67 67 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 69 69 69 69 70 70 70 4.12 4.12.1 4.12.2 4.12.3 4.12.3.1 4.12.3.2 4.12.3.3 Charts and Nautical Publications Carnage of Charts and Nautical Publications Off cial Charts and Nautical Publications E ectronic Charts E ectronic Navigational Charts Raster Navigational Charts Chart Licences and Permits 70 70 70 70 71 71 71 4.13 4.13.1 4.13.2 4.13.3 4.13.4 Electronic Chart Display and Information System Overview Chart Updates ECDIS Software Updates Back-up Requirements 72 72 72 72 72 4.14 Integrated Bridge Systems and Integrated Navigation Systems 73 4.15 4.15.1 GMDSS Communications GMDSS Equipment 74 74 PILOTAGE 75 5.1 Overview 76 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 Preparation for Pilotage The Pilotage Plan The Pilot The Ship and Bridge Team 76 76 77 77 BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE 5.2.4 The Pilot Card 77 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 Safe Pilot Boarding Pilot Boarding Time Embarking the Pilot 77 77 77 5.4 5.4.1 Master/Pilot Information Exchange Additional Pilots 78 78 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 Duties and Responsibilities Bridge Team Responsibilities Pilot's Responsibilities 79 79 80 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 Manoeuvring Mooring Operations Use of Tugs and Mooring Boats 80 80 80 5.7 Preparing the Outbound Pilotage Plan 81 5.8 Pilotage Exemption Certificates 81 5.9 Deep Sea Pilots 81 ANNEXES ANNEX - DYNAMIC POSITIONING 84 1.1 General 84 1.2 Operational Planning on DP Ships 84 1.3 Navigation in DP Mode 85 1.4 Controlling Speed and Direction in DP Mode 85 1.5 Operation and Maintenance of DP Systems 85 ANNEX - ECDIS CARRIAGE REQUIREMENTS 87 ANNEX - CHECKLISTS 88 SECTION A PILOTAGE A1 Master/Pilot Information Exchange A2 Pilot Card A3 Wheelhouse Poster A4 Required Boarding Arrangements for Pilots SECTION B BRIDGE B1 Steering Gear Test Routines B2 Example of a Bridge Manning Matrix B3 Familiarisation with Bridge Equipment B4 ECDIS Familiarisation B5 ECDIS Setup B6 Preparations for Sea B7 Preparations for Arrival B8 Pilotage B9 Passage Planning BIO Navigation in Coastal Waters B11 Navigation in Ocean Waters - • E PROCEDURES GUIDE 88 89 91 93 94 95 96 97 98 101 104 105 107 109 110 112 113 Anchoring and Anchor Watch Restricted Visibility Heavy Weather/Tropical Storm Areas Navigation in Ice Change of Watch at Sea Calling the Master Pre-operational Dynamic Positioning False Distress Alerts 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 122 SECTION C EMERGENCIES Main Engine Failure C1 Steering Failure C2 Total Electrical Power Failure (Blackout) C3 Collision C4 Stranding or Grounding C5 C6 Man Overboard C7 Fire C8 Flooding/Hull Pa ure Search and Rescue and Receiving Distress Alerts C9 Abandoning Ship C10 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 B12 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PUBLICATIONS 123 134 BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE SECTION C - EMERGENCIES The checklists in Section C provide a guide for the creation of appropriate Company and/or on board checklists which suit the particular needs of the ship It is recommended that emergency drills and on board training should include scenarios with incidents as addressed in these emergency checklists During such drills and training, the use of emergency checklists should be encouraged to ensure an effective response to emergencies In any emergency there are several actions that require almost immediate attention The following emergency checklists indicate essential actions However, factors including the design of a particular bridge or the layout of its equipment may support carrying out some of the identified actions in a different order Raising the alarm, taking immediate action to safeguard the ship and crew and calling the Master are essential actions that should take priority over other actions % BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE C1 MAIN ENGINE FAILURE Action Call Master Take immediate action to keep ship awa> *v orr danger Check position of vessels in the vicirit? Check for navigational hazards Not Under Command (NUC) lights, sraoes a^a sc^nd signals, as apprcc' e:e Prepare for anchoring if water depth and conditions are appropriate Modify AIS status Inform VTS or port authority, as appropriate Broadcast SAFETY or URGENCY message, if appropriate Maintain log/record of events and decisions Other BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE Tick C2 STEERING FAILURE Action Tick Call Master Disengage autopilot Engage alternate or emergency steering Manoeuvre as appropriate/stop engine(s) Inform engine room of steering failure Take way off ship if safe to so Not Under Command (NUC) lights, shapes and sound signals, as appropriate Check position of vessels in the vicinity Prepare engine for manoeuvre Check for navigational hazards Prepare for anchoring if water depth and conditions are appropriate Modify AIS status Inform VT5 or port authority, as appropriate Broadcast SAFETY or URGENCY message, if appropriate Maintain log/record of events and decisions Other BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE 125 C3 TOTAL ELECTRICAL POWER FAILURE (BLACKOUT) Action Call Master Take immediate action to keep the ship away from danger Not Under Command (NUC) lights, shapes and sound signals, as appropriate Contact engine room/duty engineer Select emergency power supplies for bridge and navigational equipment Check position of vessels in the vicinity Check for navigational hazards Prepare for anchoring if water depth and conditions are appropriate Inform VTS or port authority, as appropriate Modify AIS status Maintain log/record of events and decisions Other 126 BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE Tick C4 COLLISION Action Tick Call Master Sound general emergency alarm Manoeuvre as appropriate/stop engine(s) Close watertight doors and automatic fire doors Muster crew at damage control stations Muster any passengers Conduct damage control procedures* Broadcast URGENCY or DISTRESS message, if appropriate Sound all tanks, bilges, void spaces and cofferdams Check for spills/pollution, internal and over the side Inform VTS or port authority, as appropriate Switch on deck lighting Offer assistance to other vessel Preserve VDR records Preserve ECDIS records Maintain log/record of events and decisions Other * Actions required will be in accordance with ship specific damage control procedures BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE 127 C5 STRANDING OR GROUNDING Action Call Master Sound general emergency alarm Close watertight doors and automatic * -e doors Manoeuvre as appropriate/stop eng nets) Switch to high cooling water n:a