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Giáo án tiếng anh 10 nâng cao này được biên soạn theo nội dung sách giáo khoa Tiếng Anh 10 nâng cao và được trình bày như sau: - Trích dẫn từ vựng mới trong bài. - Tóm tắt ngữ pháp dùng trong bài. - Hướng dẫn vận dụng ngữ pháp tiếng Anh
THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE AND SIMPLE PAST TENSE Simple present: a) Động từ thường: KĐ: S + V1 (s /es) PĐ: S + / does + not + V1 NV: Do / Does + S + V1 …? Ex: I, you, we, they → He, she, it → does The sun rises in the east She doesn’t cook every day Do they often visit their aunt? b) Động từ “To BE” : KĐ: S + am / is /are + adj … PĐ: S + am /is / are + not + adj … NV: Am / is / are + S + adj …? Ex: I → am He, she, it → is You, we, they → are English is the international language She isn’t at home now Where are you from? Dùng để diễn đạt: thói quen Các trạng từ thời gian với đơn: EX: Mary often goes to school by bicycl - every (day/ week / month/ year) - Three times a week, twice a month, once a week, from time to time… - as a rule - always (luôn luôn) - usually ( thường xuyên) - often (thường) - sometimes = occasionally = at times (thỉnh thoảng) - seldom (ít khi) - rarely (hiếm khi) - normally (thông thường) - never (không bao giờ) - all the time (luôn luôn) = at all times - seldom (ít khi) rarely (hiếm khi) câu phát biểu tổng quát, thật hiển nhiên, chân lý EX: The sun rises in the East Diễn tả việc xảy theo thời gian biểu chương trình, kế hoạch định theo thời gian biểu Ex: The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning cảm giác trạng thái Các động từ trạng thái cảm giác, cảm xúc, giác quan, sở hữu : feel * (cảm thấy) be (thì ở) know (biết) remember (nhớ) Ex: - seem ( dường như) - think * (nghĩ là) - understand ( hiểu) - like (thích) - look * (trơng có vẻ) - have (có) = possess (sở hữu) = own - forget (quên) - hate (ghét) I think you are right (but: I’m thinking of this exercise) Your hands feel cold (but: I’m feeling cold) At present he has three cars * Lưu ý: Ta thêm es sau động từ tận là: o,sh,x,ch,s,z Simple past: a) Động từ thường: Ex: KĐ: S + V2 … PĐ: S + did not + V1 … NV: Did + S + V1 …? Columbus discovered South America in 1492 We saw him yesterday The boy used to play football b) Động từ “To be” Ex: KĐ: S + was/ were + adj PĐ: S + was/ were + adj NV: Was/ Were + S + adj…? It was hot yesterday They were on business last week Cách dùng: hành động xảy thời gian rõ ràng khứ Tom went to Paris last week Diễn tả hành động diễn suốt khoảng thời gian khứ, hoàn toàn chấm dứt She worked as a secretary for five years and now she is a teacher Thói quen khứ I used to play football when I was a little boy Các trạng từ với QKĐ: - Yesterday - last week / month / year - Two weeks ago - In 1995 - When S was young/ little boy : hôm qua : tuần / tháng / năm trước : tuần cách : năm 1995 B Exercises Exercise 1: Put the verb in the bracket into the simple present tense I ………………………….(eat) my breakfast in the kitchen every day These boys often ……………….………(play) football at weekends It …………………… (rain) in the winter She ……………………………….(go) to school three days a week My little boy often …………… …………(watch) cartoon film She ………………………… (study) English very well My father often ……………………………(play) tennis in the morning Ann ……………………………… (speak) German very well Exercise 2: Put “DO or DOES” into the following sentences to make questions 9……… the students study hard every day? → …………………………………………………………….………… 10……… Mr Brown go to his office every day? → ……………………………………………………………………… 11……… you want cream and sugar in your coffee? → ………………………………………………………… ………… 12….…….the children go to bed very early? → ……………………………………………………………………… 13 …… …that girl come from South Africa? → …………………………………………………………….……… 14…………you know that Italian student? → ……………………………………………………………… …… 15…………Miss Lan prefer coffee to tea? → …………………………………………………………… ……… 16…………your English lessons seem very difficult? → …………………………………………………………… ……… Exercise 3: Put the verb in brackets into the simple past tense 22 He …………………………….…(live) in London last year 23 He ……………………… (live) in London from 1980 to 1985 24 They ………………………… (sell) their house several days ago 25 When…………….…you ………….… (see) her ? 26 ………………… he come to see you last night ? Yes he came 27 She ………………….…… (met) me in the street last Sunday 28 I …………………… ….(wait) for the telephone call all this morning 29 I……………………… …… (study) music when I was at school 30 They ……………………………… (sell) their house last year 31 They ………………………….…(walk) to the corner two days ago 32 Professor ………………………….…(teach) another class last year 33 We ………………………….….(spend) two weeks in Japan in 2000 34 He ……………………………… … (meet) his friends some days ago 35 We ……………………….…….(speak) to our friends last week Exercise 4: Make intergotive and nagative form from these sentences 36 Jack went to the shop → ………………………………………………………………………………… ? → ………………………………………………………………………………… 37 He bought some eggs → ……………………………………………………………………………… ? → ……………………………………………………………………………… 38 He took off his hat → ……………………………………………………………………………… ? → ……………………………………………………………………………… 39 Joe fell and hurt his arm → ………………………………………………………………………………….? → ……………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 5: Put (DID , WAS or WERE ) into the brackets 40 Where …………………………… you born? Where ………………… ….…… your mother born? 41 When ………………….………………………………………… you start school? 42 How many schools ………………………………………………………………….you go to ? 43 What …………………………………………………………… your favourite subject? 44 Where …………… you live when you ………………………….……… a child? 45 ………………………………………………………………… they live in a house or a flat? Exercise 6: Choose the best answer for each of the following sentences 46 I was late for school this morning because my alarm clock didn’t ……… A go on B go off C go away D go up 48 I was born and grew up on the ……………… of the Red River A shops B restaurants C offices D banks 49 Mr Lam goes to work on foot once a week It means he ………… walks to work A never B sometimes C often D usually 50 My aunt is a …………… teacher A history B historic C historical D historian 51 “……………… you get to school ?” “ By bike.” A What B How C How often D How far 52 When I was a child, I usually ………… fishing with my brother A go B went C gone D use to go 53 We ………………… dinner at home on Saturdays A haven’t had B didn’t had C aren’t have D don’t have 54 Are you contented ………………… your present job, Mrs Tuyet? A to B for C with D of 55 What time is the flight ………………… to arrive? A due B plan C thought D bound Exercise 7: Choose the best answer Water at 100 degree Centigrade A boil B boils C boiling D is boiling George to the movies very often A not go B don’t go C doesn’t go D not to How many languages ? A you speak B are you speak C are you speaking D will you speak The swimming pool at 9.00 am and at 6.30 pm A open/ close B opens / closes C opens/ close D open / closes I your telephone number A not know B don’t know C don’t knew D am not knowing Bad students never hard A works B work C are working D is working Those children for hours every afternoon A sleep B sleeps C is sleeping D are sleeping Light faster than sound A travels B travels C travel D is travelling He usually his work before o’clock A finish B finishes C is finishing D finishing 19 They to Ha Long for their last summer vacation A go B are going C was going D went 20 She to brush her teeth yesterday A forget B forgot C forgetting D was forgetting 21 Ba his room yesterday afternoon A clean and tidy B cleaned and tidied C cleaned and tidy 22 Why you come yesterday? A can not B can’t C don’t D couldn’t WH-QUESTION A PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT I Question words used as subject ( Từ để hỏi dùng làm chủ từ) Wh-question V O ? Who teaches you English every day? # Who you teach English every day? II Question words use as objects or modifiers.(Từ để hỏi dùng làm tân ngữ bổ ngữ) Wh-question aux.V S Vm O ? Aux V: auxiliary verb trợ động từ Vm: main verb động từ Lưu ý: Đối với thì mượn trợ động từ tương ứng Đối với động từ khiếm khuyết (can, could, may, shall, should) ta mượn động từ khiếm khuyết làm trợ động từ Question words To ask about Who Hỏi người What Where When Which Why Whose How Ha Noi? Example Who is your English teacher? Hỏi người, vật, việc, kiện What happened last night? Hỏi nơi chốn Where you live? Hỏi thời gian When did you buy this book? Hỏi chọn lựa Which class you like? Hỏi lý Why were you late? Hỏi sở hữu Whose pen is this? Hỏi cách thức, chất lượng How old is she? What: What…be (look) like? Hỏi miêu tả: What is the weather like in What + noun (color, subject, kind of, size…) Hỏi chi tiết: What color is it? What time Hỏi thời gian cụ thể What time you often get up? How + Adj/Adv Hỏi mức độ tính chất: How deep is this river? How far Hỏi khoảng cách How long Hỏi độ dài / thời gian: How long have you been staying here? How many/much Hỏi số lượng: How many students are there in the class? How often Hỏi độ thường xuyên: How often you go to the cinema? Exercise 1: Make the questions for the following sentences Miss Phuong went home early → Why ……………………… .…….……………………………… .…? I met Phong’s father → Who …………………………… .………………………… .……… ? they wanted something → What ………………………………… .…………………… .… ………? The machine cost a lot of money → How much money …………………………………………… .…….…………? The meeting finished at o’clock → What time …………………… …………………… .… .……………… ? My aunt and uncle live in Chicago Where We often have dinner at 7:00 pm What time I am reading an English book at the moment What It takes me 30 minutes to go to school How long 10 She speaks English very fluently How 11 I have written over twenty novels How many 12 This street is twenty kilometers long How long 13 I spent 10 dollars on this shirt How much 14 I have been learning English for years How long 15 She will be married to a rich man Who 16 Tom goes to the library twice a week How often 17 I went to school late because I missed the bus Why 18 She is a doctor What 19 They were watching a game show What 20 He like studying Math What subject 21 The weather is very nice in this country What 22 She wanted to become an English teacher What 23 They are cutting trees in the forest for wood For what 24 They are coming to visit tomorrow When 25 He is going to work right now Where 26 She talked to him for an hour How long Exercise 3: Make questions from the words given 17 does / what time / get up / she → ………………………………………….… ………………… ? – At seven o’clock 18 for / does / have / breakfast / she / what →………………………………………… …… ……………? – A bread and an egg 19 to work / she / does / go / how → ………………………………………… ………….………… ? – By bus 20 she / does / what / in the evening / → ………………………………………… …… ………… ? – She watches television 21 bed / time / does / go to / what / she → …………………………………………………………… ? – At nine o’clock I Động từ với gerund: admit : thừa nhận anticipate : liệu trước appreciate : đánh giá cao avoid : tránh be worth : đáng (được) can’t help : tránh complete : hoản thành consider : xem xét, can nhắc defer : hỗn lại delay : trì hỗn deny : phủ nhận dislike / detest : khơng thích dread : sợ encourage : khuyến khích enjoy : thích escape : khỏi fancy : thích finish : hồn thành involve : bao gồm, liên quan keep : tiếp tục Ex: She admitted stealing his money This job involves meeting people Do you enjoy going to the beach? mind : ngại postpone : trì hỗn practise : luyện tập resent : phật ý, oán recollect : hồi tưởng risk : liều lĩnh spend : dùng, trãi qua suggest : gợi ý, đề nghị tolerate : chịu đưng, tha thou understand : hiểu forgive : tha thứ encourage : khuyến khích imagine : tưởng tượng mention : đề cập miss : bỏ lở It’s no use / good : Vơ ích to look forward to : mong, đợi can’t bear / stand : chịu have difficulty / trouble: có vấn đề, gặp khó khăn Các giới từ: on / in/ to/ at/ up/ with… II Những động từ sau sử dụng với hai cấu trúc: Advise recommend encourage Allow permit V + object+ to V0 V + Ving He doesn’t allow smoking in his house He doesn’t allow anyone to smoke in his house III Động từ theo sau Ving hay to-infinitive: (Không thay đổi nghĩa) begin / start can’t bear can’t stand continue dread : bắt đầu : chịu đựng : chịu đựng : tiếp tục : kinh sợ hate like love neglect prefer : ghét : thích : yêu : lơ : thích Ex: She began working / to work on the project IV Đông từ theo sau Ving to-infinitive: (thay đổi nghĩa) Forget: quên Remember: nhớ Stop: ngưng Try + to-inf : cố gắng Try + Ving : thử Mean + to-inf: muốn Mean + Ving: nghĩa Regret + to-inf : tiếc Regret + Ving : hối hận Don’t forget to send me a postcard (quên để làm) I will never forget working with you (quên làm) Remember to your homework (nhớ để làm) Do you remember meeting the president last year? (nhớ làm) He stopped to smoke when he was driving ( ngưng để làm) We tried to win the game, but we failed Have you ever tried windsurfing? I mean to take a trip to Canada A trip to Da Lat means spending much money We regret to say that your application can’t be accepted He regrets not going to her friend’s birthday party V Động từ theo sau động từ V0: Make: khiến Let: cho phép Have: nhờ Help: giúp đỡ Used to : Had better Would rather….(than) My mother makes me study They let him go I had him wash my car Advertising helps (to) sell more products She used to help me when I lived in Dalat in 1997 You had better come back home and take a rest we would rather die than be slaves I'd rather walk than take a bus When I came home I had seen someone opening the door VI Theo sau động từ giác quan to V V see hear + O + Ving smell notice see hear + O + V0 smell notice I noticed an old man cross the street VII Động từ sau động từ thường dạng to V0 Agree Offer Decide Appear Refuse Attempt Plan Seem Promise Manage Arrange Pretend Threaten Fail Hope Afford Exercise 1: Underlined the correct answer Ask Expect Mean help Would prefer Would like Dare tend Remind Warn Force Invite Enable Teach Persuade get Want Learn Tell Order I’m looking forward to ……………………….you at Christmas ( see/ seen/ seeing ) Litter boys like ……………………… trees ( climb/ climbing/ have climbed ) Mr.Ha decided …………………… … his new suit (wearing/ to wear/ wear ) Some people are used to ……………… … in crowded buses (standing/ stand/ stood ) I dislike ………… ………………… on the subway ( to ride/ riding/ ride ) I enjoy ……………………… with Miss Phuong (to study/ studying / studied ) Students must practice …………………………… …….(to use/ using / use ) Hoa and Lan have stopped ……………….to each other (to talk/ talking/ talks) He is learning (play) ………………………… piano 10 She asked me (give) …………………………… her my book 11 He demanded (know) …………………………….who is responsible 12 I expect (enter) …………………………………………graduate school 13 I didn’t mean (hurt)……………………………….your feelings 14 I need (have)………………………………….your opinion 15 We are preparing (have)…………………………a party 16 Please remember (lock) ……………………………… the door when you go away 17 Nobody noticed John (enter)……………………… the room 18 You had better (go) ………………………………to bed early 19 People should (stop)………………………………… letter rubbish into rivers 20 You needn’t (spend) ………………………………money on these things 21 He made me (do) ………………………………………it over again 22 Before (give) evidence you must swear (speak) the truth 23 I tried (persuade) him (agree) _with your proposal 24 Your windows need (clean) _.Would you like me (do) _them for you 25 Would you mind (shut) _the window? I hate (sit) _in a draught 26 I can’t help (sneeze) ; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _in a draught 27 Stop (talk) _; I am trying (finish) _a letter 28 His doctor advised him (give) _up (jog) _ 29 My watch keeps (stop) _ 30 People used (make) _fire by (rub) _two sticks together 31 He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring) 32 If you go on (let) your dog (chase) _cars he will end by (be) _run over 33 I prefer (drive) _to (be) _driven 34 I advise you (start) _ (look) _for a flat at once 35 Would you mind (lend) _me some money? I forgot (cash) a cheque 36 (Lie) _on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) _in the office 37 She like her children (go) _to the dentist every six months 38 An instructor is coming (show) _us how (use) _the machine 39 I have no intention of (go) _to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) _my favorite actress in such dreadful part 40 I suggest (telephone) _the hospitals before (ask) _the police (look) _for him 41 After (hear) the conditions I decided (not enter) for the competition 42 Some people seem (have) _the passion for (write) _to the newspapers 43 He expects me (answer) by return but I have no intention of (reply) at all 44 He postponed (make) _a decision until it was too late (do) anything 45 Try (forget) _it; It isn’t worth (worry) _about it 46 There is no point in (remain) _in a dangerous place if you can’t anything (help) _the people who have (stay) _ there 47 The horse won’t be well enough (run) _in tomorrow’s race He doesn’t seem (have) _recovered from his long journey 48 At first I enjoyed (listen) _to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) _the same story again and again 49 He’s expecting ……………………………… (make) a trip to Ha Long Bay 50 Students stopped ………………………(make) noise when the teacher came in 51 Ann likes ………………………… (cook) but hate … …………………… (wash) uprcise 52 Do you agree ………………………….(lend) me some money? 53 My parents decided ………………………… (take) a taxi because it was late 54 My watch keeps ……………………… (stop) I enjoy …………………………… (listen) to classical music PRESENT AND PAST PERFECT TENSE I Present Perfect: KĐ : S + has/have + V3 PĐ : S + has/have + not + V3 NV : Has/Have Ex: +S + V3 ? Ms Mai has already finished the work We haven’t seen him recently Have you ever been to Canada? Cách dùng: Hành động vừa xảy I have just seen my sister in the park Diễn tả hành động lập lập lại nhiều lần khứ mà rỏ thời gian cụ thể khứ Hành động tiếp tục xảy tương lai I have seen that film several times Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ kéo dài đến xảy tương lai Mary has lived in this house for ten years Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ mà không rỏ thời gian I have lost my keys Diển tả hành động xảy khứ mà kết ( hành động hoàn tất trước hđ ) He has had lunch (He is full now.) Diễn tả hành động chưa xảy I have not made any important decision yet Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ chấm dứt lúc nói Our teacher has given three execisrs so far Các trạng từ giới từ với HTHT: - recently = lately : gần - already :đã - for ages : nhiều năm - until now = up to now = up to the present = so far : - never : chưa - before : trước (đây) - in the last few years : vài năm qua - for a long time : lâu - just : vừa - (not) … yet : chưa - ever : - Since, for : kể từ khi, ( thời gian) Present perfect continuous : KĐ : S + has/have + been + ving PĐ : S + has/have not + been + ving NV : Has/Have + S + been + ving ? Ex: I have been waiting for you for nearly an hour Giống HTHT nhấn mạnh tính liên tục Past Perfect: KĐ : S + had + V3 PĐ : S + had not + V3 NV : Had + S + V3 ? Ex: We had finished school before 1990 They had studied English before they began to go to work Cách dùng: hành đông chấm dứt trước hành động khác khứ Hành động chấm dứt trước thới diểm khứ Các từ với QKHT: o QKHT + before + QKĐ o QKĐ + after + QKHT o QKĐ + as soon as + QKĐ/ QKHT o QKĐ + until + QKĐ/ QKHT o ….thì, vừa … S + had no sooner hardly barely scarcely + V3 + than + S + V2 + V3 + when + S + V2 Ex: He had no sooner come home than the boss rang him = no sooner had He come home than the boss rang him I had hardly locked the door when he came = hardly had I locked the door when he came Ex: No sooner had we gone out than it began to rain Hardly had he gone to bed when he heard a shot Ex: He got a job after he had finished high school Exercise : Put the verb in brackets into correct tenses : simple past, past perfect and present perfect I ………………… ……… …….a great film yesterday (see) ……… ………… ……a new car? (you ever buy) Sue …………… ………….the flu last winter (have) A few days ago we …………… ………… to his uncle (drive) They …………… ………… bingo Wednesday afternoon (play) He ……………… ……….the bus to get there (already take) Last week my rabbit ……………… ………away (run) We …………… …………a lot last Sunday (do) …………… …………… ………… to India? (she ever be) 10 I ……………… ……………… …….him last Monday (meet) 11 She ……………… ……………… ……….yet (not wake up) 12 I ………………… ……………… …….her since last Thursday (not meet) 13 Bob ……………… ……………… ………well last night (sleep) 14 I ……………… ……………… …… a letter from her two days ago (get) 15 They …………… ……………… ………….in Germany (already arrive) 16 When we arrived , the dinner …………………… ……….…….(already begin) 17 She ………… ……………… …… (cry) after he ……………… ………… ……….(go) 18 They ……….………… ……… (tell) us we were too late The train …………… …….… (leave) 19 When I ………….………….…… (get) to the theatre , the play ……………… … ….(already start) 20 John was not at home He ………………… ……………… …….……… …(go) away 21 The house was very quiet Everybody ………………… …………… ……………….….(go) to bed 22 They ………………………… ……………… ……… (not go) home until they finished their work 23 We ……….……………….…….……….(just turn off) the lights when we heard someone at the door 24 Everyone …………… …… (eat) dinner by the time we ………… ………(get) to the dining-room 25 We …………………… (ask) the poster where he …………… …………… …(put) our luggage 26 He ………………………(do) nothing before he saw me 27 He thanked me for what I ………………… ………………… (do) 28 I …………………… …………(be) sorry that I had hurt him 29 After they had gone, I ………………… ………………(sit) down and ………… …………….(rest) 30 He ………………………………… (die) after he ………………………… (be) ill a long time ... Functions (Đại từ quan hệ) Who (Danh từ thay thế) Danh từ người (Chức năng) Làm chủ từ Whom Danh từ người Làm tân ngữ Which Danh từ vật Làm chủ từ tân that Danh từ người,vật, thay cho ngữ Làm... trước danh từ Whose kèm với danh từ John found a cat whose leg was broken Relative adverbs When: When trạng từ quan hệ thời gian, đứng sau danh từ thời gian When thay cho at/on/in + danh từ... gerund: admit : thừa nhận anticipate : liệu trước appreciate : đánh giá cao avoid : tránh be worth : đáng (được) can’t help : tránh complete : hoản thành consider : xem xét, can nhắc defer : hỗn