Critical Theory and the Critique of Political Economy ABOUT THE SERIES Critical Theory and Contemporary Society explores the relationship between contemporary society as a complex and highly differentiated phenomenon, on the one hand, and Critical Theory as a correspondingly sophisticated methodology for studying and understanding social and political relations today, on the other Each volume highlights in distinctive ways why (1) Critical Theory offers the most appropriate concepts for understanding political movements, socioeconomic conflicts and state institutions in an increasingly global world and (2) why Critical Theory nonetheless needs updating in order to keep pace with the realities of the twenty-first century The books in the series look at global warming, financial crisis, post–nation state legitimacy, international relations, cinema, terrorism and other issues, applying an interdisciplinary approach, in order to help students and citizens understand the specificity and uniqueness of the current situation Series Editor Darrow Schecter Reader in the School of History, Art History and Humanities, University of Sussex, UK BOOKS IN THE SERIES Critical Theory and Film: Fabio Vighi, Reader and Co-director of the Žižek Centre for Ideology Critique at Cardiff University, UK Critical Theory and Contemporary Europe: William Outhwaite, Chair and Professor of Sociology at Newcastle University, UK Critical Theory of Legal Revolutions: Hauke Brunkhorst, Professor of Sociology and Head of the Institute of Sociology at the University of Flensburg, Germany Critical Theory in the Twenty-First Century: Darrow Schecter, Reader in the School of History, Art History and Humanities, University of Sussex, UK Critical Theory and the Digital: David Berry, Department of Political and Cultural Studies at Swansea University, UK Critical Theory and the Contemporary Crisis of Capital: Heiko Feldner, Co-director of the Centre for Ideology Critique and Žižek Studies at Cardiff University, UK and Fabio Vighi, Reader and Co-director of the Žižek Centre for Ideology Critique at Cardiff University, UK Critical Theory and Libertarian Socialism: Charles Masquelier, Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Surrey, UK Critical Theory and the Critique of Political Economy On subversion and negative reason WERNER BONEFELD N E W Y OR K • L ON DON • N E W DE L H I • SY DN EY Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Inc 1385 Broadway New York NY 10018 USA 50 Bedford Square London WC1B 3DP UK www.bloomsbury.com Bloomsbury is a registered trade mark of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2014 © Werner Bonefeld, 2014 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the author Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bonefeld, Werner, 1960– Critical theory and the critique of political economy : on subversion and negative reason / Werner Bonefeld pages cm – (Critical theory and contemporary society) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-4411-6139-0 (hardback) 1.╇ Marxian economics.â•… 2.╇ Critical theory.â•… 3.╇ Frankfurt school of sociology 4.╇ Capitalism.â•… I.╇ Title HB97.5.B556â•… 2014 335.4’12–dc23 2013046546 eISBN: 978-1-4411-5227-5 Typeset by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India To my son Declan He is simply the best Contents Acknowledgements  ix 1 Introduction: Critical theory and the critique of political economy  Part one  On the critique of political economy as a critical social theory 2 Political economy and social constitution: On the meaning of critique  21 Society as subject and society as object: On social praxis  Part two  Value: On social wealth and class 4 Capital and labour: Primitive accumulation and the force of value  79 Class and struggle: On the false society  Time is money: On abstract labour  121 101 Part Three  Capital, world market and state State, world market and society  147 8 On the state of political economy: Political form and the force of law  165 53 viii CONTENTS Part Four  Anti-capitalism: Theology and negative practice   9 Anti-capitalism and the elements of antisemitism: On theology and real abstractions  195 10 Conclusion: On the elements of subversion and negative reason  219 Selected bibliography  Index  239 229 Acknowledgements I had the good fortune to present some chapter drafts at conferences, including the May-Day conference in Ljubljana, May 2013, the International Conference on Neoliberalism, University of York, July 2013, the workshop on Critical Theory and Antisemitism, Cambridge, June 2013 and at a research workshop at the Centre of Social Movements, University of Glasgow, January 2013 I thank all participants for their insightful comments, discussions and helpful criticisms Special thanks are due to Robert Fine, Lars Fischer, Nick Gane, Jay Geller, Vassiliki Kolocotroni, Anej Korsika, Michael Lebowitz, Brendan McGeever, David McNally, Stephen Shapiro, Hae-Young Song, Annette Spellerberg, Marcel Stoetzler, Ana Štromajer, Erik Swyngedouw, David Seymour and Claire Westall I am most grateful to Ana Dinerstein, John Holloway, Peter Hudis, Michaela Mihai and Chris Rogers for their very helpful comments and insightful remarks on chapter drafts I am indebted to Greig Charnock, Vasilis Grollios, Richard Gunn and Chris O’Kane, who read the whole manuscript, seeing things that I failed to see Thank you so very much for your generosity, insights, disagreements, help and encouragements The responsibility for this piece of work is of course entirely my own SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 237 — Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung (Berlin: Duncker and Humblot 1964) — Geschichte der ökonomischen Analyse (Göttingen: Vanderhoek & Rubrecht, 1965) — Capitalism, Socialism & Democracy (London: Routledge, 1992) Smith, Adam The Theory of Moral Sentiments (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1976) — Lectures on Jurisprudence (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1978) — An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1981) Smith, Tony The Logic of Marx’s Capital (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990) Sohn-Rethel, Alfred Warenform und Denkform (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1978a) — Economy and Class Structure of German Fascism (London: CSE Books, 1978b) Stoetzler, Marcel ‘Postone’s Marx’, Historical Materialism (12), no. 2, 261–81 (2004) — ‘On the Possibility that the Revolution that will End Capitalism might Fail to Usher in Communism’, Journal of Classical Sociology (12), no. 2, 191–204 (2012) Tomba, Max ‘Historical Temporalities of Capital: An Anti-Historicist Perspective’, Historical Materialism (17), no. 4, 44–65 (2009) Vanberg, Victor The Constitution of Markets (London: Routledge, 2001) Von Braunmühl, Claudia ‘On the Analysis of the Bourgeois Nation State within the World Market Context’, in State and Capital A Marxist Debate, edited by John Holloway and Sol Picciotto, 160–77 (London: Edward Arnold, 1978) Wallerstein, Immanuel After Liberalism (New York: The New Press, 1995) Watson, Georg ‘Race and the Socialists’, Encounter, November, 15–23 (1976) Wright, Erik Olin Classes (London: Verso, 1985) — Class Counts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997) Wright, Steve Storming Heaven (London: Pluto Press, 2002) Zarembka, Paul ‘Primitive Accumulation in Marxism’, in Subverting the Present Imagining the Future, edited by Werner Bonefeld, 67–75 (New York: Autonomedia, 2008) Žižek, Slavoj Welcome to the Desert of the Real (London: Verso, 2002) Index Abensour, Miguel  227n 21 abstract labour  7, 10, 11, 42, 43, 91, 98n 56, 121–4, 137, 139n 23, 140nn 29, 34, 36, 141–2nn 61, 68, 147, 152, 154 in context of systematic dialectics  126 as form of class struggle  125–6 physiological determination of  124 social form of  123–8 as substance of value  124–5 trans-historical treatment of  137 and value form  128–36 and concrete labour  130–2 and double character of labour  128–30 and free labour  87–95, 160, 171, 175 and real-time abstraction  133–6 abstract negativity  35 ad hominem critique  38, 39, 54, 62, 69, 220 Adorno, Theodor  2, 3, 8, 10, 14n 19, 23, 37–9, 43, 46n 42, 48n 71, 49nn 84, 93, 50n 116, 55–7, 62, 63, 65–6, 69, 72n 44, 86, 96n 22, 101, 114, 120n 77, 127, 138n 7, 141n 41, 165, 196, 198, 208, 213, 222, 227n 17, 228n 29 Dialectic of the Enlightenment  1, 48n 84, 96n 22, 138n 87, 205 Negative Dialectics  4–5, 73n 63 Agnoli, Johannes  13n 13, 72n 36, 75n 109, 186n 6, 190n 77 Alliez, Eric  141n 51 Althusser, Louis  22, 28, 32, 35, 46n 42, 49n 90, 50n 116, 61, 99n 69, 117n 21, 120n 74, 220 Altvater, Elmar  160n 1, 161n 7, 186n American Zionism  202 Amin, Samir  80 Anderson, Perry  13n 14, 50n 116, 202, 204 anti-capitalism  and antisemitism  199–210, 214n 12 abstraction and  205–8 finance and industry and  209–12 on critique of capital personifications  195–9 and society in critical and theological perspectives  212–14 anti-humanism, theoretical  28–9, 35 anti-imperialism  197, 201, 216n 44 antisemitism  see under anticapitalism Arthur, Chris  13n 14, 15n 41, 16n 57, 50n 121, 56, 88, 89, 123, 125–7, 140n 34, 141nn 41–2, 143n 109 Auschwitz  198, 205, 208, 212, 214nn 12–13, 216n 45 authoritarian liberalism  191n 86 automaticity, of inverted society  71n 10 autonomization, law of  8–9, 84, 91 Backhaus, Hans-Georg  3, 7–8, 13n 16, 47n 46, 50n 113, 74n 91, 89, 98n 56, 140n 36, 188n 41 Balibar, Étienne  30 barbarism  2, 12, 66, 204, 222, 225 base/superstructure metaphor  168–9, 174, 187n 20 Beck, Ulrich  117nn 22–3 240 INDEX Beck-Gernsheim, Elisabeth  117n 23 Bell, Daniel  25 Bellofiore, Ricardo  13n 14, 132 Benjamin, Walter  14n 23, 37, 95n 2, 97n 22, 187n 20, 204, 222, 224, 226n 3, 227nn 17, 27 Bensaid, Daniel  141n 51 Bentham, Jeremy  162n 50 Bidet, Jacques  48n 63, 120n 73 Blanke, Bernhard  186n Bonapartism  166, 180, 182, 186n Bonefeld, Werner  15n 42, 16n 57, 73n 60, 74n 72, 75n 108, 96n 3, 117n 22, 139n 18, 163n 73, 186n 7, 187n 20, 188nn 41, 44, 190n 77, 216n 36 bourgeois society  66–7, 73n 59, 109, 114, 118n 43, 150–1, 160, 166, 178, 185, 187n 13, 213 as uncivilized  167–8 Bowmaker, Simon  46n 30 Braunmühl, Claudia von  161n 16 Braunstein, Dirk  4, 14n 19, 46n 42, 165, 185n Braverman, Harry  126, 138n Brittan, Sam  25 Buchanan, Pat  215n 18 Budd, Adrian  161n Burnham, Peter  161n 9, 162n 37 Butler, Judith  202 Callinicos, Alex  16n 54, 31, 118n 25, 202, 203 capital  115, 152–4 as autonomic subject’ of bourgeois society  66 as barrier to capital  157 as bewitching force  62, 115 competitive logic of  148 law of  86 personified  156 plethora of  157–8 and primitive accumulation  81 self-valorization of  113 as social relationship  154 see also capitalism capitalism  24, 27, 31–3, 117n 19, 122 and abstract labour  121, 123–4, 138n casino  159, 163n 70, 196 conceptuality of  56 critique of  4, 6, 9–10, 38, 41, 196 and exchange relations  61 hatred of  205 historical presupposition of  87 and labour  29–30 ontologized time in  133 and primitive accumulation  80 purpose of  223 and social relations  47n 42 structuralist analysis of  29 see also capital capitalist wealth  9–11, 40–3, 60, 66, 88, 90, 102, 106, 110–11, 119n 53, 200–1 globalization and  147, 150, 155, 156, 159, 160 time of  122, 125, 129, 130 Carchedi, Guglielmo  139nn 18, 23 Carey, Henry  159 Charnock, Greig  164n 77 civil government, establishment of  172 Clarke, Simon  32, 34, 44nn 2, 4, 9, 116n 16, 119n 53, 159, 162n 37, 163n 61, 185nn 1, 4, 186n class  10, 33 antagonism  9, 70, 92, 93, 107, 167 and classification  102–6 and competition  106–9 and critique  114–15 and labour and surplus value  109–14 relationship  59, 64 social  115 struggle  64, 101–2, 118n 43, 172, 225–6 see also individual entries classical view  3–7, 9–12, 13n 16, 14nn 23, 30, 21, 22, 32–4, 37, 41, 71n 12, 104–5, 109, 115, 128, 130, 136–7, 166, 168–9, 174, 188n 41 Claussen, Detlev  214n 12 Cohen, Gerald  14n 23, 119n 45 INDEX commercial society  22, 169, 170, 171, 173–4 moral sentiments of  171 transition towards  33 conceptualization, significance of  56–9 contractual freedom  59, 107, 170 Coser, Lewis A.  217n 74 cosmopolitanism  197 Cox, Robert  148, 160, 161n Cristi, Renato  191n 85 critical theory, of society  see under political economy, critique of Dalla Costa, Mariarosa  16n 56, 95n 2, 160n 83 de Angelis, Massimo  80, 96n 10, 121, 123, 125–6, 136, 141n 42, 228n 43 debasement  Debord, Guy  63, 127 democratization of society, danger of  180 demystification  60, 62 demythologization  38 De Vroey, Michel  122, 142n 82 dialectics  15n 33, 54, 67–9, 90, 95, 98n 50, 115 and critique of political economy  67–9 negative  4–5, 11, 120n 77, 228n 29 objective  37 systematic  15n 41, 88–9, 126 tradition dialectics  5–6 dictatorship and freedom  178–81 distributive justice  119n 45 disunity and unity  60, 64, 107, 108, 109, 115 Dobb, Maurice,  138n 11 ‘double character of labour’  122–3, 128–30, 132, 137 doubly free wage labourer  86, 88, 93, 94, 111, 189n 61 ‘dynamic within stasis’  86 Eagleton, Terry  14n 23, 34, 105 economic compulsion  59, 84, 106–8, 114, 119n 43, 176, 206, 221 241 economic consciousness  226 economic freedom  169, 175–6 economic objectivity  23, 36–40, 168 economic rationality  24–5, 59, 188n 44 economic theory  and economic nature  22–8 significance of  21 Engels, Friederich  5, 14n 30, 36, 42, 182 equal exchange law, as fiction  93 equivalence exchange, and money  essence, appearance of  63–7 Eucken, Walter  188n 47 exchange value  3, 9, 38, 42–3, 65, 91, 122, 128, 129, 131–2, 134–5, 196, 210 existentialism  73n 60 Federici, Silvia  16n 56, 95n Ferguson, Adam  33 fetishism  197 abstract labour  137 of commodities  2–3, 37, 40, 44n 1, 54, 62, 90, 91, 93, 122, 210 critique of  8, 39, 63, 210 and world market  152–5 financial capital  158, 211 Fine, Robert  186n Fineschi, Roberto  13n 14, 98n 50 Foster, John Bellamy  163n 70 Foucault, Michel  187n 30, 188n 44, 189n 66 Franklin, Benjamin  127, 140n 29 free economy and market police  see neoliberalism freeman and slave, comparison of  83, 97n 32 Friedman, Milton  190n 81 Friedrich, Carl  178, 180–1 Gambino, Ferruccio  119n 59 Giddens, Anthony  90, 117nn 20, 22 Gill, Stephen  147 Gindin, Sam  160n Glassman, Jim  82, 83, 87, 88, 96n 10 globalization  see world market governmentality  187n 30 242 INDEX Grollios, Vasilis  71n 16 Gunn, Richard  75n 108, 107 Habermas, Jürgen  14n 20, 61, 73n 54 Hardt, Michael  197 Harvey, David  31, 46n 31, 47n 50, 79–80 The New Imperialism  79 Haselbach, Dieter  191n 86 Haug, Wolfgang Fritz  29, 32, 47n 47, 139n 23 Hayek, Friedrich  25, 61, 175, 181, 190n 81, 191nn 85, 92 Hegel, Georg W F.  64, 119n 43, 166, 187n 13, 213 Phenomenology  44n Philosophy of Right  167 Science of Logic  89 Heinrich, Michael  5, 10, 13n 14, 142n 79 Heller, Herman  191n 86 Hennis, Wilhelm  190n 80 Hill, Christopher  99n 62 Hirsch, Joachim  151, 186n historical materialism  36, 56, 65, 70, 139n 27, 222–3 critique of  48n 71 Engels’ view of  36 structuralist idea of  31 traditional Marxist conception of  37 historicity  37–8, 215n 12, 223, 227n 27 history  96–7n 22, 223, 227nn 17, 27, 228n 29 as chain of causality  98n 54 Hobbes, Thomas  204 Holloway, John  44n 9, 47n 46, 95n 2, 118n 43, 137, 185n 4, 186n 6, 213, 228n 28 Honneth, Axel  73n 59 Horkheimer, Max  4, 5, 24, 48n 62, 49n 84, 96n 22, 118n 43, 138n 7, 185n 3, 196, 198, 213 Dialectic of the Enlightenment  1, 48n 84, 96n 22, 138n 87, 205 human practice  60, 62 sensuous  61, 63, 66, 67, 70, 195, 221 ideology, significance of  38, 55 imperialism, critique of  201–2 instrumental rationality  206 inverted forms  6–10, 15n 42, 23, 25, 27, 35, 38, 40, 47n 42, 53, 54, 57, 58, 62–5, 69, 71n 10, 88, 98n 56, 112, 126, 195, 196, 220–1 Itoh, Makato  121, 124, 137 Jameson, Frederic  15n 34 Jay, Martin  14n 20 Jessop, Bob  30, 47–8nn 56, 66, 71, 116n 16, 179, 185n Jevons, William Stanley  44n 6, 45n 30 Jojima, Kunihiro  26 Kaldor, Nicholas  25 Kant, Immanuel  208 Kay, Geoff  140n 34 Keynesian political economy  44n Kicillof, Axel  123–6, 128, 137, 139n 18 Kluge, Alexander  119n 43 Krahl, Jürgen  15n 13, 23n 14, 94n 143 labour  abstract  see abstract labour actual  133 and capitalism  29, 42, 83, 85 commodified  90 concrete labour  42, 43, 93, 122, 124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 132, 134, 135, 137, 140n 29, 153, 196, 201, 211 division of  22–3, 33–4, 167 dualistic conception of, and money  210–11 free  87–95, 160, 171, 180, 212 liberal reward for  172 necessary and surplus  111–12, 156–7 INDEX power  43, 65, 92, 94, 102, 106, 107, 109–14, 122, 176, 177, 186n productive power of  22, 33, 153, 155 social  30, 37, 54, 85, 98n 56, 108, 113, 121, 130, 134, 135, 149, 150, 152, 176 standpoint of  3, 9, 37, 54, 55 and surplus value  109–14 trans-historical materiality of  29–30 types of  142n 68 labour theory, of value  122 Laissez-faire  175, 188n 44 see also capitalism Lapavistas, Costas  48n 67 Lebowitz, Michael  217n 60 Lenin, Vladimir  204 Linebaugh, Peter  99n 62 List, Friedrich  162n 31 Lucas, Robert  46n 31 Lukács, Georg  13n 4, 54, 55, 68, 71nn 11, 12, 13, 16, 73n 65, 118n 25, 222 Luxemburg, Rosa  80, 179, 190n 77 McChesney, Robert W.  163n 70 Man  15n 41, 34, 35, 56, 63, 65, 67, 69, 83, 153, 162n 42 concrete  128 as economic Man  22, 27 in existentialism  73n 60 as free labourer  89–90, 189n 61, 214 as highest being for Man  38 image of  198 as member of definite form of society  39 as objectified Man  220 Mandel, Ernest  13n 10, 138n 11 Marcuse, Herbert  4, 73n 60, 185n 3, 224, 226n Marx, Karl  13n 11, 15nn 36, 42, 21, 23, 24, 27, 41–3, 55, 62, 66, 80, 83, 93, 97n 32, 118n 29, 119n 59, 121 Capital  4, 6, 7, 15n 34, 28, 32, 60, 82, 88–90, 107, 125, 140n 29, 185n 4, 211 243 Communist Manifesto  108, 151, 182 Critique  127, 135 critique of political economy  6, 34–9, 47n 42, 97n 22, 117n 23 ad hominem  38, 39 reducio ad hominem  39 critique of Smith and Ricardo  36 critique of trans-historical conceptions of economic nature  38 German ideology  184 Holy Family  171 new reading of, and critique of economic reforms  3, 4, 6–10, 13n 14, 15n 41, 16n 49, 39, 41, 82, 95, 138n 1, 165, 175 Paris-Manuscripts  28 Trinity Formula  104 see also individual entries Meinhof, Ulrike  205 Menger, Carl  59 modern economic theory, conventional view of  34–5 money, as automatic fetish  66 moral sentiments  169–71, 173, 175, 180, 187n 30, 189n 66 moral sociability  171 moral support  202 Mott, James  140n 34 Müller-Armack, Alfred  175 Murray, Patrick  31, 142n 68 Nasioka, Katarina  228n 43 nation state  148, 150–2, 159 see also world market negation  and affirmation  221–3 difficulty of expressing  224–5 realism of  225–6 negative dialectics  4–5, 11, 120n 77, 228n 29 Negri, Antonio  62, 197 Negt, Oskar  119n 43 neoliberalism  80, 166, 174–8, 188n 44 American  117n 22 Neumann, Franz  185n 244 INDEX non-cocentputality  56, 69, 220 non-identity  54, 69, 73n 63 objectivity  3, 5, 10, 15n 42, 54, 56, 58, 62–3, 65, 129, 132, 166, 198, 213, 220 of abstract value, time, and value  133 economic  23, 36–40, 168 irrationality  61 social  56 of social labour  135 value  132 Panitch, Leo  160n Pashukanis, Evgeny  186n perfect liberty, system of  169–71 personifications of capital  2, 3, 5, 6, 12, 27, 35, 56, 60, 61, 63, 84, 91–3, 101, 108–9, 113–14, 127, 135–6, 156, 177, 184, 195–7, 211, 220 perverted forms  7, 12, 15n 42, 21, 23, 39, 40, 50n 113, 54, 59, 62, 64, 66, 68–70, 84, 89, 92, 102, 108–9, 114–15, 158, 206, 211, 220 Petras, James  202 Picciotto, Sol  185n 4, 186n political economy, critique of  6, 34–9, 47n 42, 54, 97n 22, 105, 108, 117n 23, 122, 182–5 ad hominem  38, 39 appearance of essence and  63–7 as critical social theory  3–6 dialectics and  67–9 reducio ad hominem  39 social praxis and  60–3 society concept and  54–60 subversion and  1–3 political form and force of law  165–8 and neoliberalism  174–8 on police, justice, and moral sentiments  168–74 and political theology  178–81 Postone, Moishe  2, 3, 9–10, 29, 37, 48n 60, 74n 86, 90, 102, 105, 116n 11, 118n 24, 122, 138n 1, 140n 29, 163n 59, 217n 62 post-war political economy  147 Poulantzas, Nicos  28, 116n 16, 118n 24, 185nn 1, 4, 186n practical humanism  28, 35 praxis  14n 22, 222 social  53, 60–3 present, critique of  220–2 primitive accumulation  43, 70–82, 115 secret of  82–7 and value form and free labour  87–95 protectionism  151 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph  27, 36, 196 Psychopedis, Kosmas  16n 49, 75n 108, 98n 50 Ptak, Ralf  188n 44 racism  199–200 real abstraction  1, 6, 8, 9, 24, 25, 38, 39, 63, 66, 67, 70, 71n 10, 90, 91, 96n 22, 127, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 223 Realpolitik  188n 44 reason, significance of  1, 67, 96n 22, 137, 205–8, 223 Reich, Robert  151 Reichelt, Helmut  3, 7, 8, 10, 15n 33, 16n 49, 39, 44n 1, 45n 16, 50n 106, 61, 73nn 54, 63, 89, 120n 71, 138n 13, 140n 29, 142n 68, 165, 185n reification  2, 28, 35, 36, 54, 55, 57, 58, 63, 69, 70, 92, 222 and abstract labour  122 of consciousness  224 of economic categories, subversive of  38 ideology of  38 of time  133 and value  122 Ricardo, David  4, 22, 36, 122, 130, 137, 149, 213 Ritsert, Jürgen  116n Robbins, Lionel  34 Robertson, William  169 Robinson, Joan  24, 25, 26 Robinson, William I.  160n Röpke, Wilhelm  175, 180, 183 Rose, Gillian  14n 22, 216n 40 Rosenberg, Alfred  198 INDEX Rossiter, Clinton L.  180, 181 Rubin, Isaak  121–2, 124–6, 137, 143n 112 Rüstow, Alexander  175, 188n 44, 189n 61, 191nn 86, 88 Saad-Fhilo, Alfredo  48n 67 Samuelson, Paul  49n 75 Sartre, Jean-Paul  215n 20 Scheuermann, William E.  191n 85 Schmidt, Alfred  4, 28, 34, 46n 42, 73n 60, 75n 95 Schmitt, Carl  178–81, 190n 77, 191n 85 Schrader, Fred  140n 29 Schumpeter, Joseph  25–6, 119n 53, 179 scientific Marxism  28–9 Smith, Adam  12, 22, 33, 36, 57, 87, 97n 32, 110, 129, 131, 162nn 26 social antagonism  9, 60, 64, 114, 160 social autonomization  social constitution and political economy  21–2 economic nature  and capitalistic anatomy  28–36 and economic theory  22–8 economic objectivity and  36–40 social individual  5, 9, 56, 60, 61, 64, 92, 99n 69, 103, 120n 74, 153, 175, 195, 217n 60, 220, 226 appearance of  91, 115 in capitalism  38, 147 and value  63 social labour  social laws  34, 57 abstract  61 social life  54, 60, 91, 137 social objectivity  56 social order  160, 168 social praxis  53, 60–3 social reality  1, 27, 39, 122, 131, 132, 166 social relations  5–9, 22, 23, 27, 29, 34, 36–7, 40, 58, 91, 129, 158, 162n 42, 182, 197, 220 autonomization of  116n 11 and capitalism  47n 42, 196 definite, critique of  37 245 depoliticization of  176, 185 of exchange value  38 historically specific  30 humanization of  35 and objective conceptuality  220 real  54, 66, 70 disappearance of  91 and social reproduction  62 social reproduction  62, 66, 93, 117n 23, 157, 196 social stratification  103 social wealth  33, 132 social world  63, 84, 91 socialism  31, 34, 68, 137 national  211 socially necessary labour time  128 Sohn-Rethel, Alfred  54, 65, 71n 10, 185n sovereignty  181 Stalin, Joseph  Marxism and the National Question  201 Starosta, Guido  123–6, 128, 137, 139n 18 state  see individual entries Stoetzler, Marcel  16n 57, 216n 37 Strange, Susan  158, 163n 70 structuralism  29, 31, 48n 66, 49n 90 structuration  90 subjectivity  62, 63, 206 supersensible world  21, 44n 1, 54, 61–3, 67, 70, 109, 129, 132, 141n 41, 195, 221 surplus value  3, 43, 59, 66, 80, 87, 88, 150, 156, 158–9, 166, 176, 177 and equivalence  106–9 and labour  109–14 reconversion into capital  93 systematic dialectics  15n 41, 88–9, 126 Thompson, Edward Palmer  99n 62 thought and reality, radical separation between  31–2 ticket thinking  203, 224 time, significance of  133 Tischler, Sergio  190n 77 Tomba, Massimiliano  14n 23, 228n 43 totalitarianism  198 246 INDEX traditional Marxism, renouncing of  13n 16 traditional social theory  5–6, 67–8, 73n 60 trans-historicalness  3–5, 9, 22, 24, 29–30, 35–8, 41, 47nn 42, 56, 49n 84, 87, 122–6, 128, 130, 137 Tribe, Keith  189n 66 Trotsky, Leon  201 use-values  3, 30, 42–3, 65, 112, 122, 126, 128–35, 154, 156, 163n 59, 196, 211, 212 validity, as social category  25 value  39, 61, 68–9 and abstract labour  122, 124–5 as capital  43 conceptuality of  82, 150 equivalence  131 exchange  3, 9, 38, 42–3, 65, 91, 122, 128, 129, 131–2, 134–5, 196, 210 form  8, 15n 41, 126 and concrete labour  130–2 and double character of labour  128–30 and free labour  87–95, 160 and real-time abstraction of abstract labour  133–6 labour theory of  122 law of  47–8n 56, 65, 90, 113, 147, 170, 183, 221 money and  64–5 perverted form of  66, 132 phantom-like objectivity of  131–2 as sensuous, supersensible thing  62 and social individuals  63 use-  3, 30, 42–3, 65, 112, 122, 126, 128–35, 154, 156, 163n 59, 196, 211, 212 and utility  46n 30 valorization of  106, 109, 150, 155, 157, 175–6 world-market movement and  154 Vercellone, Carlo  118n 24 Vincent, Jean-Marie  138n Volksgenosse/ Volksgenossen  207, 210, 212 von Mises, Ludwig  188n 44 Wallerstein, Immanuel  201 Washington consensus  197 Weber, Max  119n 45, 204 world market  147–8 and crises  155–9 and fetishism  152–5 and society  148–52 worldview Marxism  5, 35, 55 Wright, Steve  185n Wright, Erik Olin  118n 24 Zarembka, Paul  95n Žižek, Slavoj  202–3 ... or the author Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bonefeld, Werner, 1960– Critical theory and the critique of political economy : on subversion and negative reason / Werner Bonefeld. .. the best Contents Acknowledgements  ix 1 Introduction: Critical theory and the critique of political economy  Part one  On the critique of political economy as a critical social theory 2 Political. .. UK Critical Theory and the Critique of Political Economy On subversion and negative reason WERNER BONEFELD N E W Y OR K • L ON DON • N E W DE L H I • SY DN EY Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of