Chapter 12 Information Systems Development "We Think We Can Open the Doors to an Entirely New Market" • Example of decision making in small company – Zev owner and source of investment funds – Team presents options, he listens and makes a decision • Team doesn’t really sure what’s involved • Building an Xbox prototype good, low cost way to learn Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-2 Bottom Line • Startups fun and interesting places to work • Time and budgets limited, • Decisions made more quickly, but risky if not well managed • Prototypes used to reduce front-end risk ã Scrum ideal process for creating prototypes Copyright â 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-3 Study Questions Q1: How are business processes, IS, and applications developed? Q2: How organizations use business process management (BPM)? Q3: How is business process modeling notation (BPMN) used to model processes? Q4: What are the phases in the systems development life cycle (SDLC)? Q5: What are the keys for successful SDLC projects? Q6 :How can scrum overcome the problems of the SDLC? Q7: 2026? Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-4 Q1: How Are Business Processes, IS, and Applications Developed? Offline process Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-5 Relationship of Business Processes and Information Systems Every information system has at least one application (software) Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-6 How Do Business Processes, Information Systems, and Applications Differ and Relate? Different characteristics and components Business processes to information systems - N:M  Business process need not relate to any information system, but an information system relates to at least one business process At least one application in every IS due to software component Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-7 How Is Scope Related to Development Processes? Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-8 Role of Development Personnel Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-9 Q2: How Do Organizations Use Business Process Management (BPM)? • Business process – Network of activities, repositories, roles, resources, and flows – Interact to accomplish a business function Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-10 Q6: How Can Scrum Overcome the Problems of the SDL • Alternatives to SDLC – Rapid Application Development (RAD) – Unified Process (UP) – Extreme programming (XP) – Scrum – Other agile methods Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-39 Principles of Agile (Scrum) Development Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-40 Scrum Essential s Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-41 Scrum Process Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-42 When Are We Done? • Scrum periods continue until: Customer satisfied and accepts it Project runs out of time Project runs out of money Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-43 How Do Requirements Drive the Scrum Process? Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-44 Summary of Scrum Estimation Techniques Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-45 Hocus-Pocus? • Incorporates team iteration and feedback for scheduling and tasking, – Team exceeds what members can individually • Framework for team learning – Learns how to assign points and what team’s true velocity is Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-46 Q7: 2026? • SOA and web services make applications more easily changed and adapted • Application development speed accelerates – Applications get better at creating other applications – Singularity • Nature of IT industry changes • New business models based on loosely coupled partnerships • New million- and billion-dollar development disasters Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-47 Security Guide: Psst There’s Another Way, You Know • Code sent copies of engineering drawings on host machine to one of several email servers in China • Original infection on server of a Peruvian manufacturer whose suppliers needed manufacturer’s engineering designs to create component parts • Tens of thousands of engineering drawings were leaked Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-48 Guide: Final, Final Word • Learn to find, create, and manage innovative applications of IS technology • Takeaways – Use knowledge from this course to apply MIS to your business interests – Take time to exercises at the end of this guide, and use your answers in job interviews! Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-49 Active Review Q1: How are business processes, IS, and applications developed? Q2: How organizations use business process management (BPM)? Q3: How is business process modeling notation (BPMN) used to model processes? Q4: What are the phases in the systems development life cycle (SDLC)? Q5: What are the keys for successful SDLC projects? Q6 :How can scrum overcome the problems of the SDLC? Q7: 2026? Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-50 Case Study 12: When Will We Learn? • 1974: Cause of failure – Lack of user involvement in creating and managing system requirements • Access CT project (2013) successful – If schedule fixed, funding fixed, what factors can be traded-off to reduce project difficulty and risk?  Requirements Reduce to bare minimum, get system running, add to it Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-51 Case Study 12: When Will We Learn? (cont'd) • Failure: State of Oregon wasted $248+ million attempting to develop an information system to support healthcare exchange • Very early in project, consulting firm hired to provide quality assurance, warned requirements were vague, changing, and inconsistent • Warnings made no difference Why? • Software and systems made of “pure thought-stuff.” – Easy to imagine glorious future of amazing capability, but subject to human frailties Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12-52 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc ... Education, Inc 12- 22 SDLC System Implementation Phase Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc 12- 23 System Conversion Approaches Pilot • Implement entire system in limited portion of business • Limits... an Entirely New Market" • Example of decision making in small company – Zev owner and source of investment funds – Team presents options, he listens and makes a decision • Team doesn’t really... How Can Scrum Overcome the Problems of the SDL • Alternatives to SDLC – Rapid Application Development (RAD) – Unified Process (UP) – Extreme programming (XP) – Scrum – Other agile methods Copyright