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Unit 3: Mixed economies Năm 1962 phủ Anh thành lập tổ chức thức để lập kế hoạch sách kinh tế quốc gia Các thành viên hội đồng đại diện cho người cho thuê, người làm thuê người quan tâm khác Exercise 1 No / No state today is completely communistic No / no state is completely capitalistic Yes / The various national economic systems tend towards communism or capitalism Yes / many are difficult to classify exactly Yes / It has been found necessary in many countries to control or regulate national economic conditions Yes / Even the most dedicated free enterprise systems, such as the USA, have felt this need Yes / The under-developed countries of the world are usually interested in control and long-term planning Yes / India have had a number of plans guided by the government No / as India makes a distinction between the public sector of the economy on the one hand and the private sector on the other hand 10 Yes / as India makes a distinction between the public sector of the economy on the one hand and the private sector on the other hand 11 Yes / Such systems, with public and private sectors, are neither communistic nor capitalistic, but are sometimes called mixed economies 12 Yes / In the public sector of British economic life are the nationalized industries like coal and steel, British Rail and BOAC 13 No / 14 Yes / the British government set up an official body to plan national economic policies This body is called the National Economic Development Council 15 Yes / The members of this council are representatives of the employers, employees Exercise Because the various national economic systems tend towards communism or capitalism They are interested in control and long-term planning It is sometimes called mixed economy In private sector 79 Unit 3: Mixed economies In 1962 the British government set up an official body to plan national economic policies Exercise complicated simplified consolidated liquidated activated reactivated nationalized internationalized Language practice Exercise a This plan is not simple enough We must therefore simplify it The simplification of plan is essential b The economy of that country belongs in the Marxist group or class We must therefore classify it as communistic The classification of the economy of that country is not difficult c That water is not pure enough It is necessary therefore to purify it The purification of the water is a matter of public health d Please send a note to the members of the Council You should notify them of the date of the next Council meeting The notification should reach them this week e The economics teacher tried to make the situation clear He tried to clarify his description by making it simpler When he has made this clarification, his students understood the whole matter much better Exercise a nation b national c nationalize d nationalized e nationalization 80 Unit 3: Mixed economies f nationalism g nationalist h nationalistic Text 3.2 Ngày khơng có nước hồn tồn xã hội chủ nghĩa; khơng có nước hồn tồn tư chủ nghĩa Các hệ thống kinh tế quốc gia khác thường có xu hướng hướng tới kiểu hay kiểu kia, có nhiều hệ thống khó phân loại Ở nhiều nước, chí nước hồn tồn dựa xí nghiệp tự Mỹ thấy cần thiết phải kiểm soát điều tiết kinh tế quốc dân Những nước chưa phát triển giới quan tâm đến việc kiểm sốt kế hoạch dài hạn đựợc phủ huớng dẫn Ấn độ có số kế hoạch phủ hướng dẫn Ấn độ phân biệt rõ thành phần kinh tế tư nhân thành phần kinh tế nhà nước Các hệ thống kinh tế kiểu gọi kinh tế hỗn hợp Ngày nước Anh có kinh tế hỗn hợp Trong thành phần kinh tế nhà nước, kinh tế Anh ngành cơng nghiệp quốc hữu hố như than, thép, ngành xe lửa BOAC Thành phần kinh tế tư nhân chủ yếu công nghiệp quốc gia lớn nhỏ, từ công ty lớn ICI BP đến công ty gia đình nhỏ Năm 1962 thành lập Tổ chức kế hoạch thức để hướng dẫn sách kinh tế Tổ chức gọi Hội Đồng Phát Triển Kinh Tế Quốc gia Các thành viên NEDC đại diện Bang, Hội nghị cơng đồn thành viên phủ, nhà cơng nghiệp tiếng nhà kinh tế hàng đầu Chức NEDC lập kế hoạch sản xuất quốc gia thiết lập mục tiêu sản xuất Tuy nhiên vấn đề khó lập kế hoạch trước kinh tế hỗn hợp Không thể lập kế hoạch trước chắn chí kinh tế kiểm sốt chặt chẽ thảm hoạ tự nhiên gây ra, thay đổi trị yếu tố khác ảnh hưởng đến kế hoạch tổng thể không người ta mong đợi Exercise 1 F / No state today is completely communistic T T T T T F / In the public sector, British economic lives are the nationalised industries T 81 Unit 3: Mixed economies T 10 F / It is not possible to plan ahead any certainty even in a rigidly controlled economy, because natural disasters, political changes and other factors can affect the general plan in unexpected ways Exercise 2.1 The economists have organized a commission which must study the economic problems of Latin America The workers have demanded an investigation which must find out what happened in the factory The Trade Unions have asked for a new plan which must regulate the flow of work The government has proposed a new scheme which must come into operation next year The employers have prepared a special scheme which must be approved by the government Exercise 2.2 The economists have organized a commission to study the economic problems of Latin America The workers have demanded an investigation to find out what happened in the factory The Trade Unions have asked for a new plan to regulate the flow of work The government has proposed a new scheme to come into operation next year The employers have prepared a special scheme to be approved by the government Exercise country dedicated regulate guided distinction sector sectors industries majority 10 giants 82 Unit 3: Mixed economies Listening: Transportation Exercise a- Weston b- Easton c- Beeton d- Sutton e- Norton f- Ayton 1- true 2- true 3- true 4-true 5- false 6- true 7- false 8- true KH: Kevin Hughes speaking NS: Good afternoon My name’s Niger Stroke from GLM Engineering I’m sending some machinery from Beaten to Norton and I’d like to discuss the best means of transportation A friend told me the cheapest way is by sea KH: Well you can’t send them directly from Beaten to Norton by sea Norton isn’t even on the coast NS: Oh Becton’s on the coast though, isn’t it? KH: It is, but it hasn’t got a port There’s a port at Easton, though, and you can send goods from Beaten to Easton by road or rail They can travel from Easton to Sutton by ship and then you can either send them by trailer to Norton or by train via Ayton NS: And which of those is the best route? KH: Well it depends how big your consignment is It might be better to send the goods by air There’s an airport at Norton NS: And which airport the goods travel from? KH: The nearest airport to Beaten is a Weston You’ll have to transport the goods to Weston by road though There used to be a railway line between Beaten and Weston, but there isn’t any more NS: I see Perhaps I’ll send the details to you and you can arrange the cheapest route Will you that? KH: That’s what we’re here for I’d be delighted to help Drill Say the dimensions, like this: P: Number R: Sixteen by five centimeters Now you try P: Number P: Number P: Thirty by two point five by one meter R: one point one by five kilometers P: Number P: Number 83 Unit 3: Mixed economies Drill R: Twenty by four by thirty centimeters R:Sixty by meter ten centimeters P: Number P: Number R: Nineteen by nought point one one meters R: Twenty by two kilometers Ask about the past, like this: P: There isn’t an airport at Ayton nowadays R: Did there use to be an airport at Aylon then? Now you try Drill P: She’s only worked for GLM since the takeover R: Did there use to be a R: Didn’t she use to work for GLM then? P: He doesn’t export to Italy now P: They don’t handle dangerous cargoes since the accident R: Did he use to export to Italy then? R: Did they use to dangerous cargoes then? P: Transworld arrange airfreight consignments these days handle railwayline between Dutton and Norton then? P: Transworld send containerized goods nowadays R: Didn’t they yes to arrange airfre R: Didn’t they use to send containerized goods then? P: They make stereo equipment since they expanded P: There isn’t a railway line Between Dutton and Norton any more R: Didn’t they use to make stroreo equipment then? ight consignments then? Refer to the table and give short answers to these questions P: Is it quicker by sea than by air? R: No, It’s slower Now you try 84 P: Are trains more frequent than trailers? R: No It’s quicker R: No, They’re less frequent P: Is it cheaper by ship than by train? P: Is it more expensive by train than by plane? R: No It’s more expensive R: No It’s less expensive P: Are ships more frequent than trains? Unit 3: Mixed economies P: Is it slower by train than by trailer? R: No They’re less frequent Drill 5A Comment on John’s out - of - data knowledge, like this P: John said there was an airport at Dutton P: John said she didn’t work for BOS There used to be an aiport at Dutton, but there isn’t now R: She didn’t use to work for BOS But she does now Now you try P: John said dangerous cargo Drill 5B they handled P: John said he exported to Spain R: They used to handle dangerous cargo, but they don’t now R: He used to export to Spain, but he doesn’t now P: John said they didn’t send containerized goods P: John said Transworld airfreight consignments R: They didn’t use to send containerized goods, but they now R: They didn’t use to arrange airfreight consignments, but they now P: John said there was a railway line between Dutrton and Freetown P: John said they didn’t make computers R: There used to be a railway line between Dutton and Freetown, but there isn’t now R: They didn’t use to make computers, but they now didn’t arrange Confirm these statements by giving John’s opinion, like this P: I think there’s an airport at Dutton P: I don’t think she works for BOS R: Yes, John said there was an airport at Dutton R: Yes, John said she didn’t work for BOS Now you try P: I think he exports to Spain P: I think they handle dangerous cargo R: Yes, John said he exported to Spain R: Yes, John said they didn’t send containerized goods P: I don’t think Transworld arrange airfreight consignments P: I think there’s a railway line between Duton and Freetown R: Yes, John said they didn’t arrange airfreight consignments 85