UNIT 10 ~ NATURE IN DANGER I Multiple Choice He was held in .for tnree years A seize B captivity C arrest D closure The illness frequently with other chronic diseases A combines B exists C coexists D All are correct The factory was fined for .chemicals into the river A dumping B dropping C discharging D All are correct The tribe was threatened with A extinction B extinct C extincted D All are correct Flowers are often .by bees as they gather nectar A developed B grown C fertilized D fertilizing The high cost of equipment many people from taking up this sport A bans B prohibits C stops D All are correct His fatal made him to pursue the struggle for A survival B life C liveliness D hope Do you agree with a .against selling alcohol to people under the age of 18? A ban B prohibition C stop D A and B In this we are very fortunate A respect B field C matter D All are correct 10 The students were able to go behind the to see how programmes are made A camera B landscape C scenes D view 11 It is really an area of .beauty A landscape B scenic C scenery D B and C 12 His only chance of was a heart transplant A existence B life C survival D living 13 What exactly is the influence of television children? A on B in C at D with 14 A fund will be set up for the species A dangerous B endangered C endangering D popular 15 They resent foreign in the internal affairs of their country A intervention B affairs C involvement D interference 16 The river has been polluted with waste from local factories A nontoxic B toxic C harmless D harmed 17 His time that governments .levels of environmental pollution A reduced B decreased C dropped D A and B 18 If traffic moves at low speeds, the number of accidents is A cut down B pulled back C turned off D put away 19 I'll have to .to you, otherwise he will hear A whisper B say C whistle D shout 20 "Those students study a lot." ~ "Yes, students are very seri A almost B most C most of D almost of II Find a suitable word for the sentences below One example has been for you A Boil plenty of salty water, and add the spaghetti B I'll boil the kettle and make some tea C She put some potatoes on to boil 1 A The animals are .(-ed) in nets and sold to local zoos B The company has .(-ed) 90% of the market C Puppets are used to .the imagination ofyounger audiences A To is to exist together in the same place or at the same time, especially in a peaceful way B English speakers now .peacefully with their Spanish-speaking neighbours C Different traditions successfully side by side A It was a explosion, causing a lot of deaths B This morning he got the .news that her father was dead C It will be a blow to the local community if the factory closes A Patients were being .from the hospital too early B: She had .herself against medical advice C He was from the army following his injury A The health of our children is being by exhaust fumes B That one mistake seriously the future of the company C The sea turtle is an .species A The government tries to .law and order in the society B The two countries always close relations C We hope to prices during Tet holidays A I have the greatest .for your brother B A two-minute siler.se was held as a mark of C A deep mutual and understanding developed between them A The movie opens with a in a New York apartment B The team's victory produced (s) of joy all over the country C Firefighters were on the immediately A The company managed to the crisis B Many birds didn't the severe winter C I can't .on £40 a week 10 A Those friends are a bad on her B His first music teacher was a major in his life C Her parents no longer have any real over her III Supply the correct form of the word in bold The bird had escaped from (captive) The minorities live in peaceful .within one nation (exist) The bomb caused widespread (devastate) The mountain gorilla is on the verge of (extinct) We are discussing the .of soil with artificial chemicals (fertile) is a substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully (fertile) The school pays for heating and the .of the buildings (maintain) We are in favour of the .of smoking in public areas (prohibit) He is a much loved and highly .teacher (respect) 10 Go and make yourself look (respect) 11 We were brought up to be .of authority (respect) 12 We went to the national park to enjoy the mountain (scene) IV Fill in each gap with a suitable preposition Our high school team was very excited .going to the finals I'm not acquainted .the man Do you know him? My car is equipped .air conditioning Barbara turned off the TV because she was tired .listening to the news think I'm satisfied the way it is Are you opposed nuclear armament? I'm terrified .the possibility of an accidental nuclear war The department store was filled toys for the holiday sale The store was crowded shoppers on the eve of the holiday 10 I think you're involved too many activities V Fill in the blanks with one word Don't ask anybody for help! Do it by .! Peter, car had broken down, asked a man to help him You used to go out with him, you? I went to a school .no one spoke Vietnamese She couldn't decide .to first My father doesn't drink coffee, and I There is nothing in the fridge We have to buy more food She is .beautiful that all the boys can't stop looking at her 9 I only take photos as a hobby I'm just an amateur 10.The person who directs a symphony orchestra is called the… VI Fill in each gap with a word from the box prohibited - extinct - pesticides - endanger - respect - wording maintain - survival - scenery - endangered - discharged She was .from the police force for bad conduct Development of the area would wildlife Many kinds of animals have become .nowadays The house is large and difficult to We only buy vegetables grown without the use of North Korean citizens were from travelling abroad Everyone has a right to be treated with The of the Mississippi is magnificent Exporting is necessary for our economic 10.We are going to visit.a conservation area for species 11 The .of questions can influence how people answer VII Combine the following sentences, using preposition + whom/which Is this the book? You asked me for it I don't find the person a very suitable companion I'm sharing a flat with him Here's the address You should write to this address I can assure you that David is a man You can absolutely depend on him I can't remember the name of the person I gave the money to him This is a job You can take your time over it, because I'm not in any particular hurry The teacher said that two of the pupils had suddenly disappeared He was responsible for them Some foreign businessmen thought that British exports should increase after devaluation I spoke to these three businessmen recently They came to a plateau Around the plateau stood a circle of high mountains 10 The scientist produced a working model Reliable tests could be conducted on this model VIII Combine the following sentences, using preposition + whom/which The movie was interesting We went to it The woman pays me a fair salary I work for her The man is over there I told you about him I want to tell you about the party I went to it last night The person is sitting at the desk You should talk to her about your problem Alice likes the foreign family She is living with them The picture is beautiful Tom is looking at it I enjoyed the music We listened to it after dinner I met the people You told me about tl.em 10 The market has fresh vegetables I usjally go to it 11.I couldn't understand the woman I talked to her on the phone 12 The office is on High Street Amy works in it IX Join the following sentences, using non-restrictive clauses with a prepositional construction The eighty-nine passengers all escaped without serious injury Four of the passengers werr British The country now has 300 power stations All of them are part of a national network The speaker posed four highly important questions The answers to these questions proved very clear For electoral purposes, the United Kingdom is divided into districts Each of them returns one member to Parliament The plans for the new by-pass have now been approved by the authorities By means of this by-pass, heavy traffic in the city centre will be considerably relieved X Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage Use only one word in each space A a B because of C blown D causes E dams F drops G dry H in spite of I irrigated J keeps K normal L pulled M suffer N the O valuable P wells Drought is a condition that results when the average rainfall for a fertile area /n .far below the normal amount for (2) long period of time In areas that are not (3) ., the lack of rain (4) farm crops to wither and die Higher than (5) temperatures usually accompany periods of droughts The soil of a drought area becomes (6) and crumbles Often the rich topsoil is (7) away by the hot, dry winds Streams, ponds, and (8) .often dry up during a drought, and animals (9) and may even die (10) the lack of water XL Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best fits the blank space in the following passage: Every ten minutes, one kind of animal, plant or insect dies (1) for ever If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become (2) twenty years from now The seas are in (3) .They are being filled with poison: industrial and nuclear (4) , chemical fertilizers and pesticides, sewage The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following If nothing is done about it, one day soon nothing will be able to live in the seas The tropical rain forests, which are the (5) of half the earth's living things (including many rare animals and plants), are being destroyed If nothing is done about it, they will have disappeared in twenty years The (6) .on the world's climate - and on our agriculture and food supplies - will be disastrous Fortunately, somebody is trying to something about it In 1961, the World Wildlife Fund was (7) - a small group of people who wanted to raise money to save animals and plants from extinction Today, the World Wildlife Fund is a large international organization It has raised over £35 million for conservation projects, and has created or given'(8) to National Parks in five continents It has helped 30 mammals and birds - including the tiger - to (9) Perhaps this is not much, but it is a start If more people give more money - and if more governments wake up to what is happening - perhaps the World Wildlife Fund will be able to help us to avoid the disaster that (10) .bbthe natural world, and all of us will be with it A off B on C out D over A extinguished B extinct C distinct D invalid A danger B death C debt D despair A waste B rubbish C essence D mixture A container B origin C house D home A result B impression C effect D motivation A founded B found C funded D fixed A defence B support C preservation D rescue A continue B endure C prolong D survive 10.A occurs B pollutes C threatens D suffers XII Choose the item (A, B, C or D) that best answers the question about the passage: The natural world is under violent assault from man The seas and rivers are being poisoned by radioactive wastes, by chemical discharges and by the dumping of dangerous toxins and raw sewage The air we breathe is polluted by smoke and fumes from factories and motor vehicles; even the rain is poisoned It's little wonder forests and lakes that are being destroyed and everywhere wildlife is disappearing Yet the destruction continues Governments and industries throughout the world are intensifying their efforts to extract the earth's mineral riches and to plunder its living resources The great rain forests and the frozen continents alike are seriously threatened And this despite the warnings of the scientific community and the deep concern of millions of ordinary people Despite the fact, too, that we can create environmentally-clean industries, harness the power of the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite resources of the earth in a way that will safeguard our future and protect all the rich variety of life-forms which share this planet with us But there is still hope The forces of destruction are being challenged across the globe - and at the spearhead of this challenge is Greenpeace Wherever the environment is in danger, Greenpeace has made a stand Its scientific presentations and peaceful direct actions at sea and on land have shocked governments and industries into an awareness that Greenpeace will not allow the natural world to be destroyed Those actions, too, have won the admiration and support of millions Now you can strengthen the thin green line; you can make your voice heard in defence of the living world by joining Greenpeace today Thank God someone's making waves Which one of these statements is not made? A Drinking water is polluted B Radioactive waste poisons the sea C Sewage isn't processed D Cars and factories poison the air The writer forests and lakes are being destroyed A is surprised that B is unsure why C wonders why D understands why Rain forests are being destroyed because governments and industries A are unaware of what they're doing wrong B are rich and powerful C choose to ignore criticism D basically care about the environment The earth's resources A should only be for people B can be made to last longer C will fast forever D belong to just humans and animals Governments and industries A don't know what Greenpeace thinks B are forced to understand the problems by Greenpeace C can easily ignore Greenpeace D misunderstand what Greenpeace thinks XIII Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions below LIFECYCLE Chimpanzees live in groups that depend on intimate, day-to-day communication They use their close bonds to outwit predators or rivals, and to share skills and local knowledge HABITAT The chimpanzee favors dense woodland, or tropical forest with closed canopy, or leafy 'ceiling' This habitat typically includes fruiting trees, from which the ape feeds Where food is plentiful, chimpanzees form a group of about 15 to 40 individuals, which may hold a forest territory of up to 75 sq km The chimpanzee inhabits wooded savannah Here, though, territories are much larger - between 200 -775 sq km - because the sparser distribution of trees yields less food and fewer nesting sites CONSERVATION The chimpanzee is declining across its range, as a result of habitat destruction, hunting and the overcollection of animals from the wild - especially babies When the baby chimps are taken from the wild the mother is usually killed in the process These babies may then face a life of abuse as a photo-prop, circus performer or laboratory research animal BREEDING For the first three months of its life the infant clings to its mother's chest, but by about six months it had learned to ride on her back The offspring is weaned at about four years of age, but forges a very strong bond with its mother and stays with her for up to ten years - Jong after she has given birth again This prolonged period of attachment is vital because most of the youngster's skills are acquired through observing, and learning from older chimps BEHAVIOUR Living in a group allows chimpanzees to defend their territory and forage more efficiently, and also provides security Strong bonds are forged between individuals, especially between adult males and between a mother and her infant However, friendships are confined to family: chimpanzees are hostile to other groups, and males may hunt down and kill males of neighbouring groups, attacking them with sticks, or throwing stones The chimpanzee also uses tools for more peaceful purposes, and will even manufacture them Taking a twig, the chimpanzee carefully strips it of leaves and then inserts it into a defence, and the chimpanzee withdraws the twig, picking off and eating the termites Other tools are used to hook fruit of branches, while bunched handfuls of leaves are used like sponges to soak up water from streams Where chimpanzees prefer to live? Why chimpanzees remain with their mothers for long periods of time? Why chimpanzees live in groups? Give two reasons Why are numbers of chimpanzees in the wild falling? XIV Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions below Undersea lost worlds threatened A group of marine scientists is becoming increasingly concerned at the threat that deep-water fishing poses to life on deepsea mountains Deep-sea mountains are commonly known as 'seamounts', and are fully submerged mountains rising 1,000 or more meters, from the ocean floor They are found throughout the world and are home to many unusual sea creatures Recent studies suggest that up to 40% of all species found on seamounts are new to science Some of these sea creatures are living fossils from groups believed to have been extinct since the time of the dinosaurs Seamounts support fragile creatures, which live for a very long time but can be harmed by even the slightest disturbance in habitat Included here are coral communities and species offish such as the 'orange roughy', which can live for over 100 years Unfortunately, this type of fish, as well as the deep water red', are sought after and fished far too much by deep-sea fishing boats Seamounts have become threatened habitats which support unique communities of sea-life Seamounts have always been credited with the role of acting as stepping stones for the dispersal of species throughout the world's oceans Certainly, new species are often discovered in these regions The Pacific Ocean is home to most seamounts because of the high level of volcanic activity in the area This is not the case in the Atlantic Ocean, which has a quantity of its own seamounts yet to be researched Species which live on seamounts survive on food carried by currents Nutrient-rich water is pushed upwards by the seamount, picking up speed as it races over the summit Sea creatures which, live near the summit of a seamount, such as corals and sponges, filter organic matter from this water as it passes Orange roughy, for example, feed on prawns, shrimps, squid and other small fish that drift by Also, lobsters and sea spiders live among the coral outcrops Whales and tuna fish also visit these undersea mountains on the migratory routes Scientists warn that many species of sea creature may become extinct before being even identified of relentless deep-sea fishing continues Where is the base of a deep-sea mountain? What is surprising about the proportion of species discovered on seamounts? Why are the living fossils found on seamounts historically interesting? How are the seamounts fish being threatened? Why are scientists so worried about the future of life on the seamounts? XV There is one mistake in each sentence Correct all the mistakes you can find Because they have moved away, they hardly never go to the beach any more My brother doesn't care how much does the car cost because he is going to buy it anyway Mary and her sister studied biology last year, and so does Jean Pete had already saw that film before he read the review about it The government has decided voting on the resolution now rather than next month The professor is thinking to go to the conference on nuclear power next month His father does not approve of him to go to the party without dressing formally Children enjoy telling and listening to ghosts stories, especially on Halloween night No one would have attended the lecture if you told the truth about the guest speaker 10 We had better to review this chapter carefully because we will have some questions on it on our test tomorrow XVI Rewrite the following sentences, using the words given in brackets I can't believe this is the best room there is! (better) There must this hotel The notice says you have to sign the forms twice (must) The notice says the forms .twice I'm sorry but I cannot lend you any money (me) I'm sorry but it to lend you any money The journey will be about nine hours, whichever route you take (matter) It you take, the journey will be about nine hours The last time I went to Canada was in January 1994 (been) I Canada since January 1994 It was a waste of time for you to discuss the problem with Jane (point) There is the problem with Jane My house is as big as Peter's (same) Peter's house mine Michael is usually punctual so I'm surprised that he's late (like) I'm surprised that Michael is not here yet because it's late The committee discussed what to (discussion) The committee should be done 10 Nobody in the group disagreed with the plan except for John (exception) With everyone in the group agreed with the plan XII Make sentences based on the given words Scientists / discover / North Pole icecap / melt / become mile-wide area / sea Melting / due to / greenhouse effect / warm / Earth Research / show / thickness / ice / North Pole / meters / now / possible / sail / ship / directly over / pole At Kyoto / agree / developed countries / decrease / greenhouse emissions / 8% / before 2012 It / expected / Britain / able / achieve this / many other countries / including / USA / not The End ANSWER KEY 10 I MULTIPLE CHOICE B C C A C D A B A 10 C 11 D 12 C 13 A 14 B 15 D 16 B 17 D 18 A 19 A 20 B II FIND A WORD captured coexist devastating discharged endangered maintain respect scene survive 10 influence III WORD FORMATION captivity coexistence devastation extinction fertilization fertilizer maintenance prohibition respected 10 respectable 11 respectful 12 scenery IV PREPOSITIONS at /about with with of with to of with with 10 in V GAP-FILLING yourself / yourselves whose didn't where what neither left so photographer 10 conductor VI GAP-FILLING discharged endanger extinct maintain pesticides prohibited respect scenery survival 10 endangered 11 wording VII RELATIVE CLAUSES Is this the bock you asked me for? I don't find the person I'm sharing a flat with a very suitable companion Here's the address you should write to I can assure you that David is a man you can absolutely depend on I can't remember the name of the person I gave the money to This is a job you can take your time over, because I'm not in any particular hurry The teacher said that two of the pupils he was responsible for/for whom he we responsible had suddenly disappeared Some foreign businessmen I spoke to recently thought that British expor should increase after devaluation They came to a plateau around which stood a circle of high mountains 10 The scientist produced a working model on which reliable tests could be conducted VIII RELATIVE CLAUSES The movie towhich we went was interesting The woman for whom I work pays me a fair salary The man about whom I told you is ever there I want to tell you about the party to which I went last night The person to whom you should talk about your problem is sitting at the desk Alice likes the foreign family with whom she is living The picture at which Tom is looking is beautiful I enjoyed the music to which we listened after dinner I met the people about whom you told me 10 The market to which I usually go has fresh vegetables 11 I couldn't understand the woman to whom I talked on the phone 12 The office in which Amy works is on High Street IX RELATIVE CLAUSES The eighty-nine passengers, four of whom were British, all escaped without serious injury The country now has 300 power stations, all of which are part of a nations network The speaker posed four highly important questions, the answers to whid proved very clear For electoral purposes, the United Kingdom is divided into districts, each which returns one member to Parliament The plans for the new by-pass, by means of which heavy traffic in the city centre will be considerably relieved, have now been approved by the authorities X GAP-FILLING F A I D K G C P M 10 B XI GUIDED CLOZE C B A A D C A B D 10 C XII READING A D C B B XIII RE iDING Chimpanzees prefer to live dense woodland, or tropical forest with closed canopy or leafy "ceiling" Because most of the youngster's skills are acquired through observing, and learning from older chimps To defend their territory andforage more efficiently, and also to provide security 4, Because there is habitat destruction, hunting and the overcollection of animals from the wild - especially babies XIV READING It is the ocean floor Up to 40% of all species found on seamounts are new to science The living fossils are from groups which were believed to have been extinct since the time of the dinosaurs 4\ They are sought after and fished far too much by deep-sea fishing boats Becaikse they are worried that many species of sea creature may become extinct before being even identified of relentless deep-sea fishing continues XV ERROR CORRECTION hardly never  hardly does the car cost  the car costs does  did saw  seen voting  to vote to go  of/about going to go  going ghosts stories  ghost stories told  had told 10 to review  review XVI REWRITING SENTENCES be better rooms than must be signed is impossible for me does not matter which route haven't been to no point (in) (your) discussion is the same size as not like him to be had/held a discussion on/about what 10 the exception of John XVII WRITING Scientists have discovered that the North Pole icecap has melted and become a mile-wide area of sea The melting is due to the Greenhouse Effect which warms the Earth 3 Researches showed that the thickness of the ice at the North Pole was about meters, but now it is possible to sail a ship directly over the pole At Kyoto, it was agreed that developed countries would have to decrease greenhouse emission by 8% by / before 2012 It is expected that Britain will be able to achieve this, but many other countries, including the USA, will not  ... neither left so photographer 10 conductor VI GAP-FILLING discharged endanger extinct maintain pesticides prohibited respect scenery survival 10 endangered 11 wording VII RELATIVE CLAUSES Is this... thin green line; you can make your voice heard in defence of the living world by joining Greenpeace today Thank God someone's making waves Which one of these statements is not made? A Drinking... Britain / able / achieve this / many other countries / including / USA / not The End ANSWER KEY 10 I MULTIPLE CHOICE B C C A C D A B A 10 C 11 D 12 C 13 A 14 B 15 D 16 B 17 D 18 A 19 A 20 B II FIND