Chapter 002 The Chemistry of Biology Multiple Choice Questions Anything that occupies space and has mass is called A Atomic B Living C Matter D Energy E Space The electrons of an atom are A Always equal to the number of neutrons in an atom B Found in the nucleus C Used to determine atomic number D Positively charged E Moving in pathways called orbitals The electrons of an atom are A Always equal to the number of protons B Used to determine the atomic weight C Carrying a positive charge D Used to determine the atomic number E Always in full orbitals All of the following pertain to the atom carbon-14 except A Has protons B Has electrons C Has 14 neutrons D Is an isotope of carbon E All of the choices pertain to carbon-14 The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the A Electrons B Protons C Neutrons D Protons and neutrons E Protons and electrons Isotopes are atoms of the same element that differ in their A Neutron number B Electron number C Proton number D Atomic number E Chemical properties What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom? A B C D 18 E 32 What is the maximum number of electrons in the first energy shell of an atom? A B C D 18 E 32 Protons and neutrons make up the atom's central core referred to as its A Valence number B Isotope C Nucleus D Center of gravity E None of the choices are correct 10 The valence number is the A Number of protons B Number of neutrons C Atomic weight D Number of inner most electrons E Number of outer most electrons 11 Two or more atoms bonded together are called a/an A Ion B Isotope C Element D Electrolyte E Molecule 12 What would be the valence number of electrons in the sulfur (S) atom? A B C D 16 E 32 13 Polar molecules are composed of covalently bonded A Identical atoms B Carbon atoms C Ions D Atoms of different electro negativity E Atoms of identical electro negativity 14 Polar molecules A Have an equal charge distribution B Have an unequal charge distribution C Are insoluble in water D Always contain carbon E Always involve oxygen 15 Covalent bonds A Result from losing electrons B Are always polar C Are always non-polar D Result from sharing electrons E Result from gaining electrons 16 Cations are a(n) A Charged subatomic particles B Atoms that have gained electrons C Atoms that have gained neutrons D Capable of forming ionic bonds with anions E Atoms without protons 17 A reaction where an electron is lost is called A Oxidation B Reduction C Ionization D Decomposition E Dissolution 18 An atom has gained an electron It has been A Oxidized B Reduced C Ionized D Deionized E Neutralized 19 Ionic bonds A Result from sharing electrons B Result from transferring electrons C Results from like charge attraction D Are the weakest chemical bonds E Always involve carbon 20 Hydrogen bonds A Result from attractive forces between molecules with polar covalent bonds B Result from attractive forces between molecules with polar ionic bonds C Result from attractive forces between molecules with non-polar covalent bonds D Result from attractive forces between molecules with non-polar ionic bonds E Are the strongest bonds between molecules 21 Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles called A Cations B Anions C Ions D Isotopes E All of the choices are correct 22 Substances that release ions when dissolved in water and conduct electricity are A Covalent B Nonpolar C Electrons D Electrolytes E Solvents 23 Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction? A AB ® A + B B A + B ® AB C AB + XY ® AX + BY D AB + XY « AX + BY E None of the choices are correct 24 Which of the following represents a reversible reaction? A AB ® A + B B A + B ® AB C AB + XY ® AX + BY D AB + XY « AX + BY E None of the choices are correct 25 The important solvent associated with living things is A Carbon dioxide B Sodium chloride C Ethyl alcohol D Benzene E Water 26 Ionic compounds are A Hydrophobic B Hydrophilic C Are acidic in solution D Are basic in solution E Always form salts in solution 27 A solution is composed of one or more substances called _ that are uniformly dispersed in a dissolving medium called a _ A Solvent, solute B Solute, solvent C Neither solvent, solute nor solute, solvent D Both solvent, solute and solute, solvent 28 Which term does not belong in this list? A Lactic acid B Vinegar C Hydrogen ion donor D PH E Acidic 29 A solution of pH compared to a solution of pH A Is more basic B Has no OH- ions C Has more H+ ions D Has a higher pH E All of the choices are correct 30 A solution of pH compared to a solution of pH A times more acidic B 20 times more acidic C 20 times more basic D 100 times more acidic E 100 times more basic 31 Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound? A Phosphate-carbohydrates B Sulfhydryl-proteins C Amino-proteins D Hydroxyl-alcohols E Carboxyl-fatty acids 32 Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _ bonded to other atoms A Carbon B Nitrogen C Oxygen D Hydrogen E Phosphorous 33 Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are A Chains of hydrophobic molecules B Chains of electrolytic molecules C Chains of repeating monomers D Chains of repeating carbohydrates E Chains of hydrogen bonds 34 All of the following are monosaccharides except A Glucose B Glycogen C Fructose D Ribose E Deoxyribose 35 Which of the following would have glycosidic bonds? A Triglycerides B Monosaccharides C Polypeptides D Polysaccharides E ATP 36 All of the following are polysaccharides except A Dextran in some bacterial slime layers B Agar used to make solid culture media C A cell's glycocalyx D Cellulose in certain cell walls E Prostaglandins in inflammation 37 C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ® C12 H22O11 + H2O represents A Formation of a peptide bond B A decomposition reaction C Denaturation D Formation of a polysaccharide E Dehydration synthesis 38 Starch is the primary storage food for all of the following except A Green plants B Algae C Animals D Some fungi E All of these store food as starch 39 All of the following are lipids except A Cholesterol B Starch C Phospholipid D Wax E Triglyceride 40 What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails? A Fatty acids B Glycerol C Phosphate D Alcohol E All of the choices are correct 41 A fat is called _ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to other carbons and hydrogens A Unsaturated B Polyunsaturated C Monounsaturated D Saturated E None of the choices are correct 42 The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules are A Prostaglandins B Waxes C Phospholipids D Steroids E Triglycerides 43 The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes are the A Prostaglandins B Waxes C Phospholipids D Steroids E Triglycerides 44 The building blocks of an enzyme are A Nucleotides B Glycerol and fatty acids C Monosaccharides D Phosphate, glycerol, fatty acids E Amino acids 45 An amino acid contains all of the following except A An amino group B A carboxyl group C A variable R group D An a carbon E A nitrogen base 46 Which is not true about enzymes? A Found in all cells B Are catalysts C Participate in the cell's chemical reactions D Can be denaturated by heat and other agents E Have high-energy bonds between phosphates 47 Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary structure? A Valine B Cysteine C Serine D Alanine E Tyrosine 48 What type of bonds are formed by dehydration synthesis between adjacent amino acids? A Glycosilic B Ester C Peptide D Disulfide E Phosphate 49 The a – helix is a type of _ protein structure A Primary B Secondary C Tertiary D Quaternary E None of these 10 The valence number is the A Number of protons B Number of neutrons C Atomic weight D Number of inner most electrons E Number of outer most electrons Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements 11 Two or more atoms bonded together are called a/an A Ion B Isotope C Element D Electrolyte E Molecule Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define types of chemical bonds 12 What would be the valence number of electrons in the sulfur (S) atom? A B C D 16 E 32 Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define types of chemical bonds 13 Polar molecules are composed of covalently bonded A Identical atoms B Carbon atoms C Ions D Atoms of different electro negativity E Atoms of identical electro negativity Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define types of chemical bonds 14 Polar molecules A Have an equal charge distribution B Have an unequal charge distribution C Are insoluble in water D Always contain carbon E Always involve oxygen Learning Objective: none 15 Covalent bonds A Result from losing electrons B Are always polar C Are always non-polar D Result from sharing electrons E Result from gaining electrons Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define types of chemical bonds 16 Cations are a(n) A Charged subatomic particles B Atoms that have gained electrons C Atoms that have gained neutrons D Capable of forming ionic bonds with anions E Atoms without protons Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define types of chemical bonds 17 A reaction where an electron is lost is called A Oxidation B Reduction C Ionization D Decomposition E Dissolution Learning Objective: none 18 An atom has gained an electron It has been A Oxidized B Reduced C Ionized D Deionized E Neutralized Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define types of chemical bonds 19 Ionic bonds A Result from sharing electrons B Result from transferring electrons C Results from like charge attraction D Are the weakest chemical bonds E Always involve carbon Learning Objective: none 20 Hydrogen bonds A Result from attractive forces between molecules with polar covalent bonds B Result from attractive forces between molecules with polar ionic bonds C Result from attractive forces between molecules with non-polar covalent bonds D Result from attractive forces between molecules with non-polar ionic bonds E Are the strongest bonds between molecules Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define types of chemical bonds 21 Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles called A Cations B Anions C Ions D Isotopes E All of the choices are correct Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define types of chemical bonds 22 Substances that release ions when dissolved in water and conduct electricity are A Covalent B Nonpolar C Electrons D Electrolytes E Solvents Learning Objective: 2.03 Differentiate between a solute and a solvent 23 Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction? A AB ® A + B B A + B ® AB C AB + XY ® AX + BY D AB + XY « AX + BY E None of the choices are correct Learning Objective: none 24 Which of the following represents a reversible reaction? A AB ® A + B B A + B ® AB C AB + XY ® AX + BY D AB + XY « AX + BY E None of the choices are correct Learning Objective: none 25 The important solvent associated with living things is A Carbon dioxide B Sodium chloride C Ethyl alcohol D Benzene E Water Learning Objective: 2.03 Differentiate between a solute and a solvent 26 Ionic compounds are A Hydrophobic B Hydrophilic C Are acidic in solution D Are basic in solution E Always form salts in solution Learning Objective: none 27 A solution is composed of one or more substances called _ that are uniformly dispersed in a dissolving medium called a _ A Solvent, solute B Solute, solvent C Neither solvent, solute nor solute, solvent D Both solvent, solute and solute, solvent Learning Objective: 2.03 Differentiate between a solute and a solvent 28 Which term does not belong in this list? A Lactic acid B Vinegar C Hydrogen ion donor D PH E Acidic Learning Objective: 2.04 Give a brief definition of pH 29 A solution of pH compared to a solution of pH A Is more basic B Has no OH- ions C Has more H+ ions D Has a higher pH E All of the choices are correct Learning Objective: 2.04 Give a brief definition of pH 30 A solution of pH compared to a solution of pH A times more acidic B 20 times more acidic C 20 times more basic D 100 times more acidic E 100 times more basic Learning Objective: 2.04 Give a brief definition of pH 31 Which of the following functional groups is mismatched to the organic compound? A Phosphate-carbohydrates B Sulfhydryl-proteins C Amino-proteins D Hydroxyl-alcohols E Carboxyl-fatty acids Learning Objective: none 32 Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element _ bonded to other atoms A Carbon B Nitrogen C Oxygen D Hydrogen E Phosphorous Learning Objective: none 33 Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are A Chains of hydrophobic molecules B Chains of electrolytic molecules C Chains of repeating monomers D Chains of repeating carbohydrates E Chains of hydrogen bonds Learning Objective: none 34 All of the following are monosaccharides except A Glucose B Glycogen C Fructose D Ribose E Deoxyribose Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of biochemicals 35 Which of the following would have glycosidic bonds? A Triglycerides B Monosaccharides C Polypeptides D Polysaccharides E ATP Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of biochemicals 36 All of the following are polysaccharides except A Dextran in some bacterial slime layers B Agar used to make solid culture media C A cell's glycocalyx D Cellulose in certain cell walls E Prostaglandins in inflammation Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of biochemicals Learning Objective: 2.06 Provide examples of cell components made from each of the families of biochemicals 37 C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ® C12 H22O11 + H2O represents A Formation of a peptide bond B A decomposition reaction C Denaturation D Formation of a polysaccharide E Dehydration synthesis Learning Objective: none 38 Starch is the primary storage food for all of the following except A Green plants B Algae C Animals D Some fungi E All of these store food as starch Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of biochemicals 39 All of the following are lipids except A Cholesterol B Starch C Phospholipid D Wax E Triglyceride Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of biochemicals 40 What part of a phospholipid forms hydrophobic tails? A Fatty acids B Glycerol C Phosphate D Alcohol E All of the choices are correct Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of biochemicals 41 A fat is called _ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single bonded to other carbons and hydrogens A Unsaturated B Polyunsaturated C Monounsaturated D Saturated E None of the choices are correct Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of biochemicals 42 The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules are A Prostaglandins B Waxes C Phospholipids D Steroids E Triglycerides Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of biochemicals 43 The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes are the A Prostaglandins B Waxes C Phospholipids D Steroids E Triglycerides Learning Objective: 2.06 Provide examples of cell components made from eachof the families of biochemicals 44 The building blocks of an enzyme are A Nucleotides B Glycerol and fatty acids C Monosaccharides D Phosphate, glycerol, fatty acids E Amino acids Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of biochemicals 45 An amino acid contains all of the following except A An amino group B A carboxyl group C A variable R group D An a carbon E A nitrogen base Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of biochemicals 46 Which is not true about enzymes? A Found in all cells B Are catalysts C Participate in the cell's chemical reactions D Can be denaturated by heat and other agents E Have high-energy bonds between phosphates Learning Objective: none 47 Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary structure? A Valine B Cysteine C Serine D Alanine E Tyrosine Learning Objective: 2.07 Explain primary Learning Objective: secondary Learning Objective: tertiary and quaternary structure as seen in proteins 48 What type of bonds are formed by dehydration synthesis between adjacent amino acids? A Glycosilic B Ester C Peptide D Disulfide E Phosphate Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of biochemicals 49 The a – helix is a type of _ protein structure A Primary B Secondary C Tertiary D Quaternary E None of these Learning Objective: 2.07 Explain primary Learning Objective: secondary Learning Objective: tertiary and quaternary structure as seen in proteins 50 One nucleotide contains A One phosphate B One pentose sugar C One nitrogen base D All of the choices are correct E None of the choices are correct Learning Objective: 2.08 List the components of nucleic acids 51 Which pertains to DNA but not to RNA? A Contains ribose B Contains adenine C Contains thymine D Contains uracil E Contains nucleotides Learning Objective: 2.09 Name the nucleotides of DNA and of RNA 52 ATP is best described as A An enzyme B A double helix C An electron carrier D The energy molecule of cells E All of the choices are correct Learning Objective: 2.10 List the components of ATP 53 A student forgot to label a beaker containing a DNA solution and a beaker containing a glucose solution If chemical analysis was performed to identify the contents of each beaker, which of the following would be found in the beaker of DNA but not in the beaker with glucose? A Amino acids B Hydrogen and oxygen atoms C Nitrogen and phosphorus D Fatty acids E Carbon atoms Learning Objective: 2.09 Name the nucleotides of DNA and of RNA 54 Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all A Nucleic acids B Carbohydrates C Polysaccharides D Amino acids E Enzymes Learning Objective: none 55 Which of the following is not a pyrimidine? A Uracil B Adenine C Thymine D Cytosine E All of these are pyrimidines Learning Objective: 2.09 Name the nucleotides of DNA and of RNA 56 During protein synthesis, RNA is made to be a copy of a gene from the DNA A Transfer B Messenger C Ribosomal D All of the choices are correct Learning Objective: 2.09 Name the nucleotides of DNA and of RNA 57 Characteristics of shared by all cells include: A a membrane serving as a cell boundary B the possession of genetic information C the presence of cellular fluid D All of these Learning Objective: none 58 An example of an amphipathic molecule found in living cells is: A glucose B phospholipid C protein D nucleic acids Learning Objective: 2.11 Point out characteristics all cells share 59 The purine _ always binds with the pyrimidine in DNA and RNA A guanine, cytosine B cytosine, guanine C adenine, guanine D thymine, guanine Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of bio-chemicals Learning Objective: 2.06 Provide examples of cell components made from each of the families of bio-chemicals 60 You are asked to make a 1M solution of Sodium Bicarbonate or Baking Soda (NaHCO ) for a DNA extraction lab How many gram(s) of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3 ) should be added to 1L of water to make the required solution? Use the table of atomic masses to help you A 29 g B 62 g C 84 g D 91.1 g E Element Atomic mass H C O Na K 1.00 12.00 16.00 23.00 39.1 Learning Objective: 2.03 Differentiate between a solute and a solvent Learning Objective: 2.09 Name the nucleotides of DNA and RNA True / False Questions 61 Elements have predictable chemical properties TRUE Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements 62 Electrons that participate in chemical bonding are typically located closest to the nucleus FALSE Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define types of chemical bonds 63 Water molecules are non-polar molecules FALSE Learning Objective: none 64 Polar molecules have more reactivity compared to non-polar molecules TRUE Learning Objective: none 65 A covalent bond is formed between an anion and a cation FALSE Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define types of chemical bonds 66 Only charged atoms can form ionic bonds TRUE Learning Objective: none 67 The concentration of a solution expresses the amount of solvent present FALSE Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define types of chemical bonds Learning Objective: 2.03 Differentiate between a solute and a solvent 68 If solution A has a lower pH compared to solution B, then solution A is more acidic than solution B TRUE Learning Objective: 2.03 Give a brief definition of pH 69 The only part of an amino acid that differs from other amino acids is its R group TRUE Learning Objective: none 70 All proteins are enzymes FALSE Learning Objective: 2.07 Explain primary Learning Objective: secondary Learning Objective: tertiary and quaternary structure as seen in proteins 71 The most important outcome of polypeptide intra-chain bonding and folding is the unique shape of the protein TRUE Learning Objective: 2.07 Explain primary Learning Objective: secondary Learning Objective: tertiary and quaternary structure as seen in proteins 72 Nucleic acids have primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary levels of organization FALSE Learning Objective: 2.07 Explain primary Learning Objective: 2.09 Name the nucleotides of DNA and of RNA Learning Objective: secondary Learning Objective: tertiary and quaternary structure as seen in proteins Chapter 002 The Chemistry of Biology Summary Category Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements # of Questions Learning Objective: 2.01 Explain the relationship between atoms and elements Learning Objective: 2.02 List and define types of chemical bonds 11 Learning Objective: 2.03 Differentiate between a solute and a solvent Learning Objective: 2.03 Give a brief definition of pH Learning Objective: 2.04 Give a brief definition of pH Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of bio-chemicals Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of biochemicals 11 Learning Objective: 2.06 Provide examples of cell components made from each of the families of biochemicals Learning Objective: 2.06 Provide examples of cell components made from each of the families of biochemicals Learning Objective: 2.06 Provide examples of cell components made from eachof the families of biochemicals Learning Objective: 2.07 Explain primary Learning Objective: 2.08 List the components of nucleic acids Learning Objective: 2.09 Name the nucleotides of DNA and of RNA Learning Objective: 2.09 Name the nucleotides of DNA and RNA Learning Objective: 2.10 List the components of ATP Learning Objective: 2.11 Point out characteristics all cells share Learning Objective: none 17 Learning Objective: secondary Learning Objective: tertiary and quaternary structure as seen in proteins Learning Objective: tertiary and quaternary structure as seen in proteins ... fatty acids C Monosaccharides D Phosphate, glycerol, fatty acids E Amino acids 45 An amino acid contains all of the following except A An amino group B A carboxyl group C A variable R group D An a. .. glycerol, fatty acids E Amino acids Learning Objective: 2.05 Name the main families of biochemicals 45 An amino acid contains all of the following except A An amino group B A carboxyl group C A variable... polar C Are always non-polar D Result from sharing electrons E Result from gaining electrons 16 Cations are a( n) A Charged subatomic particles B Atoms that have gained electrons C Atoms that have