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[...]... brief discussion of how synthetic polymers are made and the nomenclature used to describe some of the more basic structural principles of synthetic polymers It expands to address many of the synthetic polymers used in personal care formulations based principally on their primary mode of operation, including thickening polymers, fixative polymers, conditioning polymers, and encapsulating polymers, the last... scientists are seeking more immediate and nontheoretical discussion of the polymers used so frequently in cosmetics and personal care, the next four chapters were written to address, in a more nutsand-bolts fashion, the most popular and widely used polymers employed in the industry, including synthetic polymers, silicone polymers, polysaccharides, and proteins However, the intent of the authors of these four... uses of polymers are concerned with the properties of polymers at interfaces Chapter 2 presents a summary of theories of polymer adsorption and discusses the properties and state of polymers at interfaces and methods for determining the details of their structure, conformations, and so on The basic theory of colloid-interaction forces in terms of DLVO theory is presented, together with a discussion of. .. Natural and Synthetic Polymers 1 Biopolymers Proteins, polysaccharides, natural rubber, and gums are all natural polymers The repeat units in proteins are amino acids Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides and polysaccharides consist of sugar units a Proteins and Polypeptides Amino acids in proteins are linked by an amide linkage between the amino group of one molecule and the carboxyl group of another... addresses the important issues and chemistry surrounding the use of proteins in personal care The chapter begins with a thorough review of the structural properties of proteins, including the basic amino acids of which they are composed, the various sources (both plant and animal) of the beneficial proteins, and how these amino-acidbased polymers develop secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures as... 1999 by Marcel Dekker, Inc All Rights Reserved 6 Winnik Linear chains may also be arranged at short intervals along a single main chain via trifunctional branch points These ‘‘comb’’ polymers can be synthesized by polymerization of macromers (a monomer consisting of a polymerizable group linked to a short polymer chain) or by grafting (13) Branched polymers contain branch points (junctions) that connect... Desmond Goddard 5 Polymer/ Surfactant Interaction in Applied Systems E Desmond Goddard 6 Synthetic Polymers in Cosmetics James V Gruber 7 Silicones in Cosmetics Marianne D Berthiaume 8 Polysaccharide-Based Polymers in Cosmetics James V Gruber Copyright © 1999 by Marcel Dekker, Inc All Rights Reserved 9 Proteins in Cosmetics Alessandro Teglia and Gianfranco Secchi 10 Measuring and Interpreting Polycation... the history of polymer science and technology, see, for example, Refs 1 and 1a Polymers represent a significant share of raw materials used in Media and Technology in Society Media and Technology in Society Bởi: OpenStaxCollege The modern printing press (as well as its dated counterparts) embodies the intertwined nature of technology and media (Photo courtesy of Anuj Biyani/flickr) Technology and the media are interwoven, and neither can be separated from contemporary society in most core and semi-peripheral nations Media is a term that refers to all print, digital, and electronic means of communication From the time the printing press was created (and even before), technology has influenced how and where information is shared Today, it is impossible to discuss media and the ways that societies communicate without addressing the fast-moving pace of technology Twenty years ago, if you wanted to share news of your baby’s birth or a job promotion, you phoned or wrote letters You might tell a handful of people, but probably you wouldn’t call up several hundred, including your old high school chemistry teacher, to let them know Now, by tweeting or posting your big news, the circle of communication is wider than ever Therefore, when we talk about how societies engage with technology we must take media into account, and vice versa Technology creates media The comic book you bought your daughter at the drugstore is a form of media, as is the movie you rented for family night, the internet site you used to order dinner online, the billboard you passed on the way to get that dinner, and the newspaper you read while you were waiting to pick up your order Without technology, media would not exist; but remember, technology is more than just the media we are exposed to 1/10 Media and Technology in Society Categorizing Technology There is no one way of dividing technology into categories Whereas once it might have been simple to classify innovations such as machine-based or drug-based or the like, the interconnected strands of technological development mean that advancement in one area might be replicated in dozens of others For simplicity’s sake, we will look at how the U.S Patent Office, which receives patent applications for nearly all major innovations worldwide, addresses patents This regulatory body will patent three types of innovation Utility patents are the first type These are granted for the invention or discovery of any new and useful process, product, or machine, or for a significant improvement to existing technologies The second type of patent is a design patent Commonly conferred in architecture and industrial design, this means someone has invented a new and original design for a manufactured product Plant patents, the final type, recognize the discovery of new plant types that can be asexually reproduced While genetically modified food is the hot-button issue within this category, farmers have long been creating new hybrids and patenting them A more modern example might be food giant Monsanto, which patents corn with built-in pesticide (U.S Patent and Trademark Office 2011) Anderson and Tushman (1990) suggest an evolutionary model of technological change, in which a breakthrough in one form of technology leads to a number of variations Once those are assessed, a prototype emerges, and then a period of slight adjustments to the technology, interrupted by a breakthrough For example, floppy disks were improved and upgraded, then replaced by Zip disks, which were in turn improved to the limits of the technology and were then replaced by flash drives This is essentially a generational model for categorizing technology, in which first-generation technology is a relatively unsophisticated jumping-off point leading to an improved second generation, and so on Types of Media and Technology Media and technology have evolved hand in hand, from early print to modern publications, from radio to television to film New media emerge constantly, such as we see in the online world Print Newspaper Early forms of print media, found in ancient Rome, were hand-copied onto boards and carried around to keep the citizenry informed With the invention of the printing press, the way that people shared ideas changed, as information could be mass produced and stored For the first time, there was a way to spread knowledge and information more efficiently; many credit this development as leading to the Renaissance and ultimately the Age of Enlightenment This is not to say that newspapers of old were more trustworthy than the Weekly World News and National Enquirer are today 2/10 Media and Technology in Society Sensationalism abounded, as did censorship that forbade any subjects that would incite the populace The invention of the telegraph, in the mid-1800s, changed print media almost as much as the printing press Suddenly information could be transmitted in minutes As the 19th century became the 20th, American publishers such as Hearst redefined the world of print media and wielded an enormous amount of power to socially construct national and world events Of course, even as ...[...]... Implant Dentistry, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China ^ Graduate Institute of Medical Materials and Engineering Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, China ^ School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, China ^ Dqjartment of Mechanical Engineering National University of Sing^ore, Singapore ^ School of Dentistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 3 1 Introduction Althou^... varied chewing patterns and loads Biomechanically, the following component interfaces can be found in the Branemark implant: (1) fixture-abutment interface; (2) abutment screw-abutment interface; (3) gpld cylinder-abutment interface; (4) gold retaining screw-gold cylinder interface; (5) gold retaining screw-abutment screw interface Long term screw joint integrity at the fixture-abutment screw joint and abutment-gold... the Finite Element Method in Implant Dentistry segmented co-polymers with bone-bonding C2^acity Meijer, et alF investigated the influence of a three-layered flexible coating of Polyactive on bone stress distribution using three-dimensional FEA in a mandibular model In the case of sagittal and transversal loading, the use of a Polyactive coating reduced both the minimum principal stress in the bone and. .. Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China Yong Zhao School of Dentistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China 4 Finite Element Modelling in Implant Dentistry Jianping Geng^, Weiqi Yan^, Wei Xu^, Keson B C Tan^, Haw-Ming Huang^, Sheng-Yang Lee^, Huazi Xu^, Linbang Huang^, Jing Chen^ ^'^ Clinical Research Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .. maximum torque to be introduced on the shank of the screw'^ Several authors^^"^^ have drawn attention to the fact that repeated loading and unloading cycles result in alternating contact and separation of components Clinical findings of screw loosening and failure probably result from these separation events and from elevated strains in the screw Another mechanism of screw loosening is based on the... cable elements and compressive gap elements respectively It was concluded that cable and gap elements could be used to set boundary conditions in their mandibular FEA model, improving the model mimicry and accuracy E)q)anding the domain of the model can reduce the influence of inaccurate modelling of the boundary conditions This however, will be at the e)q)ense of computing and modelling time (Fig 4.5)... be applied in modelling more realistical bone geometry; the anisotropic and nonhomogenous nature of materials need to be considered; and boundary conditions have to be carefully 4 Finite Element Modelling in Implant Dentistry 89 treated using computational modelling techniques In addition, modelling of the boneimplant interface should incorporate the actual osseointegration contact area in cortical... Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China Quan -Sheng Ma Haw -Ming Huang Graduate Institute of Medical Materials & Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, China Horn -Lay Wang School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA Huazi Xu Orthopedic Department, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China Jason Huijun Wang Worley Advanced Analysis (Sing^ore),... Contributors Bin Deng Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore, Singapore Jianping Geng Clinical Research Institute, Research Paper Math, Science, and Technology in Contemporary Sculpture Philip Likens Savannah College of Art and Design ARTH 701: Contemporary Art Professor Swartz March 7, 2010 Likens 1 Without the mathematic, scientific, and technological advances of the 20th century, the contemporary sculptures of Theo Jansen, Robert Lang and Julian Voss-Andreae would not be possible. Each of these artists uses math, science and technology in their artwork to varying degrees. Theo Jansen began his sculptural work with a base of computer-generated numbers and has evolved his series of sculptures from that base. Robert Lang uses computer technology to apply mathematics to the creation of original origami figures. Julian Voss-Andreae is concerned with the visualization of complex scientific theories and molecules that make up the world in which we live. Each of these three contemporary artists use breakthroughs in math, science and computer technology to create works of art that would not have been possible one hundred years ago. Theo Jansen is a kinetic sculpture artist born and based in The Hague, Netherlands. Jansen, once a painter with a physics background, now spends his time creating new forms of life. Jansen calls these sculptures Strandbeest or beach creatures. 1 His aim is to create a herd of beach-dwelling creatures that can save the people of the Netherlands from the rising tide of the ocean by building the sand dunes higher over time. 2 Animaris Currens Vulgaris (Figure 1) is a beach animal created by Theo Jansen in 1993. 3 Perhaps the two most readily notable aspects of Animaris Currens Vulgaris are its unique composition and movement. Vulgaris, as the majority of the Standbeest series are, is composed nearly exclusively of two materials: yellow plastic electrical tubing and nylon cable ties. Jansen considers the electrical tubing to be akin to the proteins that constitute the human body. 4 Proteins are commonplace in living organisms and are not exclusive to humans, yet they are essential. Proteins compose the genetic code, which make a person or organism unique. The yellow plastic tubing is especially commonplace in the Netherlands where it is the legal standard for electrical wiring in building construction. However, Jansen is able to take this basic tubing and create many different animals. Each animal is a combination of varying lengths of plastic tubing, arranged in an angular, bridge-like, architectural fashion, held together by cable ties. 1 Theo Jansen. "Strandbeest.com." Strandbeest.com. http://www.strandbeest.com/index.html (accessed January 24, 2010). 2 Theo Jansen. Theo Jansen: The Great Pretender. Netherlands: 010 Uitgeverij, 240 3 Ibid., 240 4 Codin Pangell. "Project2501: Kinetic Sculptures." The future of everything. http://spacecollective.org/Project2501/1478/Kinetic-Sculptures (accessed March 8, 2010). Likens 2 Animaris Currens Vulgaris is especially significant in the development of the Strandbeest series because it is the first creature Jansen created that can stand on it's own and walk. Vulgaris' skeletal form measures 1.4 meters wide, 2.1 meters high, and 2 meters deep. 5 It's body arcs toward the center and makes up approximately the top third of the sculpture. The beach animal rests on a set of twelve legs, spread evenly horizontally, always at a different point in the walking cycle. [...]... determined by the application of unit displacements along DOF 2, 3, and 4 in turn The resulting stiffness matrix is as follows: \A: 'cos'^ )A2 EAt cos ... unsophisticated jumping-off point leading to an improved second generation, and so on Types of Media and Technology Media and technology have evolved hand in hand, from early print to modern publications,... media, but society has nothing to with these Technology, media, and society are bound and cannot be separated Society influences media but is not connected to technology Answer C 7/10 Media and. .. innovative and intrusive as they try to gain our attention Section Quiz When it comes to technology, media, and society, which of the following is true? Media influences technology, but not society Technology