TEST BANK MULTIPLE CHOICE _ is popular among drug enthusiasts, and some users snort heroin and smoke crack in combination a drug crossing b criss-crossing c drug spiking d potentiating ANS: B REF: 34 LO: The acts as a gatekeeper to prevent certain substances from entering brain tissue a hypothalamus b medial forebrain bundle c blood-brain barrier d amygdala ANS: C LO: In reaction to emotional memories burned into it by the intensity of the drug euphoria, the operates outside of conscious control to cause intense cravings a hypothalamus b medial forebrain bundle c blood-brain barrier d amygdala ANS: D REF: 31 REF: 31-32 LO: The _ controls such basic drives as sexual activity a hypothalamus b medial forebrain bundle c blood-brain barrier d amygdala ANS: A REF: 34 LO: 19 Test Bank Neurotransmitter levels are controlled by chemicals in the presynaptic terminal which are known as _ a agonists b catecholamines c monoamine oxidases (MAO) d antagonists ANS: C LO: REF: 23 LO: The term kindling is an alternative term for a reverse tolerance b sensitization c tolerance d selective tolerance ANS: A REF: 27 One of the last parts of the brain to mature deals with the ability to _ a make sound judgments b control movement c communicate d all of the above ANS: A LO: Substances that stimulate receptor sites are known as a agonists b catecholamines c monoamine oxidases (MAO) d antagonists ANS: A REF: 27 REF: 33 LO: Increased sensitivity to the same or lesser dosage of a drug over time is known as _ a reverse tolerance b sensitization c tolerance d selective tolerance ANS: A REF: 33 LO: 20 Chapter 2: The Biology of Psychoactive Substances 10 When determining risk versus reward, the _ tends to emphasize benefits while discounting dangers a adult brain b adolescent neurons c adolescent brain d adult neurons ANS: C 11 LO: REF: 34 LO: A _ is the basic working unit of the central nervous system a neuron b cell body c synapsis d neurotransmitter ANS: A 14 REF: 31 Brain imaging and other technologies show that the addicted brain is _ from the nonaddictive brain a somewhat different b not different c distinctly different d comparatively different ANS: C 13 LO: Psychoactive drugs are absorbed into the bloodstream and quickly carried to the _ nervous system a central b autonomic c sympathetic d parasympathetic ANS: A 12 REF: 24 REF: 24 LO: where neurotransmitters attach cause chemical substances to interact and produce pharmacological actions a Transmitting neurons b Axon terminals c Receptor sites d Receiving neurons ANS: C REF: 27 LO: 21 Test Bank 15 An important part of the cell body are , which appear as branches of a tree and receive messages from other neurons a Serotonin b Norepinephrine c Dendrites d Dopamine ANS: C 16 LO: REF: 26 LO: Depending on the type of _, electrical charges from the adjoining neuron are either inhibited or enhanced a neurotransmitter b neuron c drug d drug cues ANS: A 19 REF: 27 activates nerve cell receptors to stimulate pleasurable feelings a Serotonin b Norepinephrine c Dendrites d Dopamine ANS: D 18 LO: Neurotransmitters are broken down by MAO or recycled by the sending neuron in a process called a reuptake b transportation c homeoestase d synthesis ANS: A 17 REF: 24 REF: 27 LO: _, one of about 100 neurotransmitters found in the central nervous system, has received special attention because of its apparent role in the regulation of mood and affect and because of its role in motivation and reward processes a Serotonin b Norepinephrine c Dendrites d Dopamine ANS: D REF: 26 LO: 22 Chapter 2: The Biology of Psychoactive Substances 20 The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that infants who are born to heroin-abusing mothers frequently suffer from a neonatal adaptation syndrome b neonatal abstinence syndrome c neonatal disability syndrome d neonatal syndrome of polyendocrinopathy ANS: B 21 LO: REF: 24 LO: Many, if not most, people who have been exposed to or heroin, for example, find the initial experience distinctly unpleasant a morphine b benzodiazepine c cocaine d serotonin ANS: A 24 REF: 26 , a part of neurons, are contact points for communication between neurons a Transporters b Synapses c Receptors d Neurotransmitters ANS: B 23 LO: trigger activity by moving across the synaptic gap to receptor sites on the dendrites on the other side a Transporters b Synapses c Receptors d Neurotransmitters ANS: D 22 REF: 35 REF: 28 LO: Consuming more than one type of psychoactive chemical is called _ a multidrug use b criss-crossing c polydrug use d additive effects ANS: C REF: 30 LO: 23 Test Bank TRUE/FALSE The greater the half-life of a drug, the more severe the withdrawal symptoms after use of the drug is discontinued ANS: F REF: 33 LO: REF: 24 LO: REF: 34 LO: REF: 33 LO: Homeostasis is a state of equilibrium achieved through the self-adjusting characteristics of the body ANS: T 10 LO: Selective tolerance is also referred to as kindling ANS: F REF: 27 The hypothalamus regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland ANS: T LO: Neurons not interlock but instead are separated by synapses ANS: T REF: 30 The continued use of certain drugs, particularly depressants, can produce tolerance ANS: T LO: Reuptake is the sending neuron’s process of recycling neurotransmitters ANS: T REF: 35 Catecholamine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and endorphins are examples of polydrugs ANS: F LO: Cocaine use by pregnant women has been linked to various abnormalities in their infants because the substance reduces the supply of blood and oxygen to the fetus ANS: T REF: 32 REF: 33 LO: A neuron consists of a cell body (soma), the axon, synapses, and dendrites ANS: T REF: 24 LO: 24 Chapter 2: The Biology of Psychoactive Substances COMPLETION is the basic building block for the advancement of human knowledge ANS: Theory LO: REF: 28 LO: REF: 30 LO: REF: 33 LO: Children born to -addicted mothers, in addition to having a host of other physical problems, such as small size, anemia, heart disease, hepatitis, and pneumonia, also suffer from withdrawal symptoms ANS: heroin REF: 27 develops as the body becomes progressively immune to the chemical effects of the drug at the cellular level ANS: Tolerance LO: Understanding the biology of psychoactive drugs is complicated by the phenomenon of _ use—abusers consuming more than one type of psychoactive chemical ANS: polydrug REF: 25 The model emphasizes the involuntary nature of drug use—use based on a craving—that has found support in laboratory experiments with animals ANS: disease LO: With regular drug use, _ become less responsive to drugs that stimulate them ANS: receptors REF: 27 A cell body is also called a ANS: soma LO: Neurotransmitter level is controlled by chemicals in presynaptic terminals known as (MAO) and transporters that recycle them for further use ANS: monoamine oxidases REF: 28 REF: 35 LO: _ use by pregnant women has been linked to serious emotional difficulties in children which can hinder their social and psychological development ANS: Cocaine REF: 35 25 LO: Test Bank 10 The neurological effects of mixing drugs can be additive, synergistic, potentiating, or _ ANS: antagonistic REF: 31 LO: ESSAY Explain the three ways in which drugs can enter the bloodstream ANS: N/A LO: REF: 33 LO Explain the additive, synergistic, potentiating, and antagonistic neurological effects of mixing drugs ANS: N/A REF: 33 Explain the concept of reverse tolerance ANS: N/A LO: Explain homeostasis ANS: N/A REF: 32 REF: 31 LO: What are the symptoms of children who were born with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder? ANS: N/A REF: 36-37 LO: 26 ... the central nervous system, has received special attention because of its apparent role in the regulation of mood and affect and because of its role in motivation and reward processes a Serotonin.. .Test Bank Neurotransmitter levels are controlled by chemicals in the presynaptic terminal which are known as _ a agonists b catecholamines c monoamine oxidases (MAO) d antagonists ANS:... chemical ANS: polydrug REF: 25 The model emphasizes the involuntary nature of drug use use based on a craving—that has found support in laboratory experiments with animals ANS: disease LO: