ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY PART 1: PHONETICS The organs of articulation are located in: A Along the vocal tract B The chest C The throat D The head The vocal sounds are produced in the: A Trachea B Larynx C Lungs D Pharynx The produced vocal sounds are resonated and modified in the: A Nose B Pharynx C Mouth D Resonators The vocal tract is the air passage beginning with the lungs and ending in: A The mouth and the nose B The front C The head D Pharynx Vocal folds are two elastic bands of tissue located in the: A Larynx B Pharynx C Trachea D Mouth The velum is the front part of the roof of the mouth which is formed by a bony structurE A False B True Vibration happens when A Vocal folds are under tension & partially opened B The glottis is narrow C The vocal bands are wide apart D Vocal bands are tightly closed Soft palate which can be touched by the tongue, at the back of the mouth is called: A Alveolar B Velum C Uvula D Palate is (are) considered the most important speech instrument inside the larynx A Adam’s apple B Glottis C Trachea D Vocal cords 10 When the glottis is wide apart, we can A Breathe normally and produce some consonants B Porduce vowels C Produce all consonants D Produce vowels & diphthongs 11 For the voiceless sounds to be produced, the glottis is A Narrow B Mi-open C Wide apart D Tightly closed 12 The most movable speech instrument along the vocal tract is: A Tongue B Lips C Teeth D Vocal folds 13 A sound produced while the vocal folds are not vibrating is called: A Voiced B Consonants C Voiceless D Vowels 14 English vowels and consonants are different from each other in: A Manner of articulation & distribution B Voicing C Place of articulation 15 Which of the follwing words contains a short vowel? A Touch B Smooth C Mere D Bear 16 The English end in /ɪ/ A Closing diphthongs B Centering diphthongs C Triphthongs 17 Diphthongs A are the combinations of two single vowels B consist a glide from one vowel to another C are two single vowels appearing within a syllable 18 Which of the followings is not a criterion to classify English simple vowels? A Tongue of height B Tongue part C Voicing D Length of sound 19 Vowels followed by nasal consonants are: A Lengthened B Devoiced C Shortened D Nasalized 20 /i:/ & /u:/ are different in: A Tongue position B Length C Muscle tension D Lip shape 21 Which of the following diphthongs is pronounced differently from the others? A Really B Hear C Fear D Bear 22 Which of the vowels in the following words is pronounced differently from the others? A Pour B Touch C Double D Country 23 /i:/ in is shorter than the others A Mean B Meat C Bead D Bee 24 The sound beginning with a mid central vowel, then gliding towards a high back vowel is A ɪə B aɪ C əʊ D aʊ 25 Diphthongs A consist of a movement or glide from one vowel to another, the former of which is much longer and stronger than the other B are the combinations of two single vowels C are two simple vowels appearing within a syllable 26 Which of the following is not included in the criteria to classify English vowels? A Place of articulation B Tongue height C Lip shape D Muscle tension 27 A vowel is when preceding a final fortis/voiceless sound A Devoiced B Nasalized C Shortened D None of the above 28 The vowel in is pronounced differently form the others A Fool B Food C Pool D Foot 29 Which of the following words does not contain a central vowel? A Hat B Worm C But D Ago 30 Which of the statement is true? A Vowels and consonants differ from each other in relation to how much they obstruct the air flow and what position they can occupy B Vowels and consonants differ from each other in their distribution C Vowels and consonants differ from each other in the way the air flow is obstructed when producing the sound 31 /ɔː/ in is the longest A Thought B Store C Fork D Port 32 Both are front vowels A /i:/ & /e/ B /i:/ & /u:/ C /a:/ & /ɜː/ D /a:/ & /u:/ 33.Which of the following is true? A All vowels are the centers of syllables B Consonants are produced without obstruction of the air stream C All consonants are voiced D Vowels are produced with a complete closure in the vocal tract 34 Which of the following words begins with a voiceless, post-alveolar, fricative sound? A Enough B Soldier C Shoes D Phenomenon 35 Which of the following statements is not true? A Plosives are produced with the total or partial obstruction of the air stream B Nasals are continuant vowels C Hissing sound is a characteristic of fricatives D The fortis fricatives and plosives in final position often shorten the vowel preceding them 36 The consonant /n/ & /z/ are different from each other in their A Length B Place of articulation C Voicing D Manner of articulation 37 The main difference between /d/ & /z/ is A Manner of articulation B Place of articulation C Voicing D Length 38 Sounds produced with a momentarily total obstruction to the airflow are A Plosives B Fricatives C Nasals D Approximants 39 Which of the following is the final sound in “debt” A /e/ B /b/ C /bt/ D /t/ 40 are pronounced with the contact made between lower lip & upper teeth A Labio-dentals B Alveolars C Bilabials D Dentals 41 consonants have the effect of shortening a preceding vowel or diphthong A Lenis B Fortis C Voiced D Fortis/voiceless 42 Voiceless stops are aspirated when occuring after the initial /s/ A True B False 43 Lips can be pressed together, brought into contact with the teeth or rounded to produce the lip-shape for A Vowels and some consonants B Consonants C Bilabial plosives D Vowels 44 In manner of articulation, the important factor to help distinguish consonants & vowels is A Voicing B Obstruction to airflow C Lip shape D Tongue height 45 The most important difference between initial voiceless and voiced plosives is the A Aspiration B Voicing C Plosion D Length 46 The initial sound of “cold” is a(n) A Alveolar B Palatal C Dental D Velar 47 Consonants are classified according to their place of articulation, manner of articulation and: A Vibrations of vocal bands B Position of occurence C Position of tongue D Lip shape 48 For the voiceless sounds to be produced, the vocal cords are A Mi-closed B Wide apart C Partially open D Completely closed 49 When plosives are made, the escape of the compressed air will produce a small A Hissing noise B Friction C Plosion 50 Lenis consonants are produced with force than the fortis ones A Less B More C Same D Most 51 Fortis consonants at final position have the effects of a preceding vowel A Shortening B Lengthening C Devoicing D Nasalizing 52 The final sound in “ache” is a(n) A Voiceless velar plosive B Voiced palato-alveolar plosive C Voiced velar plosive D Voiceless palato-alveolar plosive 53 The sounds articulated with a strong hissing noise are called A Plosives B Groove fricatives C Slit fricatives D Sibilants 54 Phonetically, the fricative /h/ is similar to A Vowel B Consonant C Diphthong D Triphthong 55 The initial sound in “chef” is a(n) A Approximant B Affricate C Fricative D Plosive 56 Homorganic sounds have the same A Organ of articulation B Manner C Voicing D Sound 57 In speech, the is raised so that the air cannot escape through the nose A Palate B Uvula C Velum D Tongue 58 The final sound of “laugh” is a(n) A Labio-dental B Dental C Glottal D Velar 59 When fricatives are made, the escape of the air through a small passage produces a(n) A Plosion B Loud hissing noise C Soft hissing noise D Friction noise 60 To be an affricate, the two component sounds must A Be hamorganic B Have the same voice C Have the same manner 61 The fricatives articulated with a strong hissing noise are also called A Groove fricatives B Sibilants C Slit fricatives D Plosives 62 Phonologically, the fricative /h/ is similar to A Consonant B Vowel C Diphthong D Triphthong 63 is not a type of consonant classified according to the place of articulation A Plosive B Palatal C Velar D Dental 64 are pronounced with the air flow escaping through a narrow passage A Fricatives B Approximants C Affricates D Plosives 65 By distribution, the fricative /h/ is similar to A Consonant B Vowel C Diphthong D Triphthong 66 The initial sound in “chief” is a(n) A Plosive B Approximant C Fricative D Affricate 67 Which of the following statements is true? A Hissing noise is one of the characteristics of fricatives B Nasals are not continuant sounds C Plosives are produced with the total or partial obstruction of the air stream D The fortis fricatives and plosives at initial position often shorten the vowel following them 68 Phonemically, the fricative /h/ is similar to A Vowel B Consonant C Diphthong D Triphthong 69 The initial sound of “jam” is a(n) A Affricate B Approximant C Fricative D Plosive 70 /ŋ/ never occurs at A Initial position B Medial position C Final position 71 The sound /l/ when occuring after a vowel is called A Devoiced B Clear C Dark D Syllabic 72 To let the air escape through the nose, the velum must be A Lowered B Raised C Pushed forwards D Drawn back 73 The sound /l/ when following an initial fortis plosive is called A Devoiced B Dark C Clear D Syllabic 74 The sounds that never occur in final position are A /w, j, h/ B /m, n, l, g/ C /r, w, h, k/ D /h, w, j, p/ 75 The sound /l/ when preceding a vowel is called A Dark B clear C devoiced D syllabic 76 to prevent the air from escaping through the nose, the soft palate must be: A closed B lowered C raised D A & C 77 In British English, the approximant sound in “card” is A non-rhotic B rhotic C devoiced D shortened 78 The main difference between /b/ & /m/ is A Manner of articulation B Voicing C Place of articulation 79 Which of the following is the final sound in “climb” A /b/ B /m/ C /mb/ 80 A syllabic consonant stands as the center of a week syllable instead of a vowel A True B False 81 The underlined sound in is phonetically similar to a vowel A Hat B Honor C Plow D Jam 82 Vowels occuring before final /m, n, ŋ/ are A Velarized B Labialized C Dentalized D Nasalized 83 The underlined sound in “lantern” is A Not syllabic B Syllabic C Nasalized D Devoiced 84 The consonant is made with the air escaping along the sides of the tongue A Approximant B Lateral C Semi-vowel D Semi-consonant 85 The initial sound in is a voiced, bilabial, approximant A Bin B Wet C Red D Man 86 Clear [l] only occurs before: A Vowels B Consonants C Diphthongs D A & C 87 The underlined sound in London is: A Not syllabic B Syllabic C Nasalized D Devoiced 88 The underlined sound in initial is: A Oral B Nasal C Nasalized D Devoiced PART 2: PHONOLOGY Phonetic transcription is the symbol for A A precise pronunciation of a sound B A phoneme C A & B Phonemic transcription is written between A Parentheses B Square brackets C Slanted lines Broad transcription is written between A Slanted lines B Square brackets C Parentheses Phonemic transcription is the symbol for A A precise pronunciation of a sound B A phoneme C A & B An allophone of a phoneme is another pronunciation of that phoneme which does not cause a difference in A Meaning B Pronunciation C Spelling D Stress [t] & [th] are called the of the phoneme /t/ A Transcription B Allophones C Minimal pair D Homophones How many phonemes are there in the word “would” A B C D A minimal pair is A A pair of words of the same pronunciation B Two allophones of the same phoneme C A pair of words which differ from each other by only one phoneme at the same position D A & C Bean and dean are a minimal pair because A They contain the same vowel sound B They are both singular nouns C They differ in only one sound segment that occurs in the same place in the string 10 Which of the followings does not form a minimal pair with night? A Height B Kite C Light D Knight 11 A consonant is a phoneme A Segmental B Super-segmental C Over-segmental D B & C 12 Stress, able to cause a change in meaning of a word, is a phoneme A Segmental B Super-segmental C Over-segmental D B & C 13 Which of the following is an allophone? A t B /t/ C [t] D {t} 14 Which of the following is a phoneme? A t B /t/ C [t] D {t} 15 The phonetic transcription is written between: A [ ] B / / C { } D ( ) 16 The broad transcription is written between: A [ ] B / / C { } D ( ) 17 In a weak syllable, the vowel is usually pronounced as A Schwa B Approximant C Syllabic D Semi-vowel 18 The shortest English syllable consists of A CV B C C V D VC 19 ONSET consonants in an English syllable are A Consonants preceding the PEAK B Consonants following the CENTER C Sound(s) in the center of a syllable D Vowels or diphthongs 20 The maximum number of consonants in ONSET of an English syllable is A B C D 21 In an English syllable, the consonants following the NUCLEUS are called A CODA B ONSET C PEAK D NUCLEUS 22 The prominence of a stressed syllable is made up by the length, pitch, quality, and A Loudness B Tension C Strength D Pronunciation 23 A syllable in English is identified by A Consonant B Vowel C Stress D Semi-vowel 24 The peak of an English syllable should always be a vowel, diphthong or a(n) A Syllabic consonant B Appoximant C Semi-vowel D Consonant 25 The longest syllable structure in English may be A CCCVCCC B CCCVCCCC C CCVCCCC D CCCCVCCC 26 The shortest English syllable consists of A One sound B One consonant C One vowel and a consonant D A & B 27 When not emphasized, most words are pronounced with a weal form A Functional B Lexical C Auxiliary D Preposition 28 Auxiliaries are in strong form in A Final position B Mediun position C Initial position D All positions 29 The maximum number of consonants in CODA of an English syllable is A B C D 30 A simple word is a word consisting of A syllable B morpheme C A base and affix(es) D words joined together 31 A complex word contains at least A syllable B affix C suffix D prefix 32 Which one is not a factor making up the prominence of a stressed syllable? A Strength B Pitch C Quality D Loudness 33.The stress in on the penultimate syllable in words ending in A –iar B –oon C –een D –ette 34 The stress is placed on the last syllable in words ending with A –ic B –ness C –ese D –er 35 always occurs in English syllable A Vowel B Consonant C Onset D Coda 36 Which of the following is not true? A A minimum syllable would be a single vowel and a coda B Some syllables may have no onset but have a coda C Some syllables have an onset D Some syllables have an onset and a coda 37 The stress is on the syllable in the word uncomfortable A First B Second C Third D Last 38 When not emphasized, most words are pronounced with a weak form A Auxiliary B Lexical C Functional D Preposition 39 Auxiliary is in strong form in A Negative form B Medial position C Initial position D All positions 40 The underlined word in the sentence “You must study hard to pass the exam” is in A Strong form B Weak form C Normal form D B & C 41 The underlined word in the sentence “You must’t put ‘and’ at the end of a sentence” is in A Strong form B Weak form C Normal form D B & C 42 The underlined word in the sentence “You must’t put ‘and’ at the end of a sentence” is in A Strong form B Weak form C Normal form D B & C 43 The underlined word in the sentence “You haven’t eaten anything all day; you must be hungry now” is in: A Strong form B Weak form C Normal form D B & C 44 Which of the following sentences is not true? A In a sentence, functional words are always weak B In a sentence, usually lexical words are stressed C When being in weak form, the vowe is usually pronounced as /ə/ 45 In rapid and casual speech, “and you” can be pronounced as /ənʤu/ as a result of assimilation of A Manner & place B Voice C Place D Manner 46 In natural connected speech, “today” can be pronounced as /tˈdeɪ/ as a result of A Linking B Assimilation C Elision D Dissimilation 47 In rapid and casual speech, “hit you” can be pronounced as /hɪʧu/ as a result of assimilation of A Manner, place & voice B Elision C Assimilation D Dissimilation 48 The pronunciation /kʌm ən si:/ of “come and see” is the result of A Linking B Elision C Assimilation D Dissimilation 49 The assimilation in “dogs” is: A Progressive assimilation of voice B Progressive assimilation of place or articulation C Progressive assimilation of manner D Regressive assimilation of voice 50 The tone used to convey strong feeling is: A Rise-fall B Rise C Fall-rise D Fall