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(1) Eurocode 4 applies to the design of composite structures and members for buildings and civil engineering works. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design and verification that are given in EN 1990 – Basis of structural design. (2) Eurocode 4 is concerned only with requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and fire resistance of composite structures. Other requirements, e.g. concerning thermal or sound insulation, are not considered. (3) Eurocode 4 is intended to be used in conjunction with: EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of structural design EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures ENs, hENs, ETAGs and ETAs for construction products relevant for composite structures EN 1090 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures EN 13670 Execution of concrete structures EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance, when composite structures are built in seismic regions. (4) Eurocode 4 is subdivided in various parts: Part 11: General rules and rules for buildings Part 12: Structural fire design Part 2: Bridges.
BRITISH STANDARD Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings The European Standard EN 1994-1-1:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.10; 91.080.40 12 &23 B > C in Figure B.5 then gives a value η for each test, and a value τu from: τu = η N cf (B.2) b (Ls + Lo ) where: Lo is the length of the overhang fcm - M M p, Rm Mtest M p, Rm Ncf + A B f yp Lo fcm - Ls F F Nc f + yp η test η = 1,0 Nc Ncf M Mtest C + fyp Figure B.5 : Determination of the degree of shear connection from Mtest (3) If in design the additional longitudinal shear resistance caused by the support reaction is taken into account in accordance with 9.7.3(9), τu should be determined from: τu = η N cf − µ Vt b (Ls + Lo ) (B.3) 117 EN 1994-1-1:2004 (E) where: µ Vt is the default value of the friction coefficient to be taken as 0,5; is the support reaction under the ultimate test load (4) The characteristic shear strength τu,Rk should be calculated from the test values as the 5% fractile using an appropriate statistical model in accordance with EN 1990, Annex D (5) The design shear strength τu,Rd is the characteristic strength τu,Rk divided by the partial safety coefficient γVS Note: The value for γVS may be given in the National Annex The recommended value for γVS is 1,25 Annex C (Informative) Shrinkage of concrete for composite structures for buildings (1) Unless accurate control of the profile during execution is essential, or where shrinkage is expected to take exceptional values, the nominal value of the total final free shrinkage strain may be taken as follows in calculations for the effects of shrinkage: – in dry environments (whether outside or within buildings but excluding concrete-filled members): 325 x 10-6 for normal concrete 500 x 10-6 for lightweight concrete; – in other environments and in filled members: 200 x 10-6 for normal concrete 300 x 10-6 for lightweight concrete Bibliography EN 1991-1-5: Actions on structures: Thermal actions-to be published EN 1991-1-6: Actions on structures: Actions during execution-to be published EN 13670: Requirements for the execution of concrete structures-to be published EN ISO 13918: 1998 Welding-Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding (ISO 13918:1998) EN ISO 14555: 1998 Welding-Arc stud welding of metallic materials (ISO 14555:1998) 118 blank BS EN 1994-1-1:2004 BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400 BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001 Email: orders@bsi-global.com Standards are also available from the BSI website at http://www.bsi-global.com In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services Contact the Information Centre Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7111 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048 Email: info@bsi-global.com Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7002 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001 Email: membership@bsi-global.com Information regarding online access to British Standards via British Standards Online can be found at http://www.bsi-global.com/bsonline Further information about BSI is available on the BSI website at http://www.bsi-global.com Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written permission from BSI BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Manager Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7553 Email: copyright@bsi-global.com ... 11 8 EN 19 94 -1- 1 :2004 (E) Foreword This document (EN 19 94 -1- 1 :2004) , Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures: Part 1- 1 General rules and rules for buildings, has been prepared... 19 93 -1- 1 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures: General rules and rules for buildings EN 19 93 -1- 3 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures: Cold-formed thin gauge members and sheeting EN 19 93 -1- 5 Eurocode... B.2.5 (1) B.3.6(5) 11 EN 19 94 -1- 1 :2004 (E) Section General 1. 1 Scope 1. 1 .1 Scope of Eurocode (1) Eurocode applies to the design of composite structures and members for buildings and civil engineering