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Tiếng Anh và mức độ quan trọng đối với cuộc sống của học sinh, sinh viên Việt Nam.Khi nhắc tới tiếng Anh, người ta nghĩ ngay đó là ngôn ngữ toàn cầu: là ngôn ngữ chính thức của hơn 53 quốc gia và vùng lãnh thổ, là ngôn ngữ chính thức của EU và là ngôn ngữ thứ 3 được nhiều người sử dụng nhất chỉ sau tiếng Trung Quốc và Tây Ban Nha (các bạn cần chú ý là Trung quốc có số dân hơn 1 tỷ người). Các sự kiện quốc tế , các tổ chức toàn cầu,… cũng mặc định coi tiếng Anh là ngôn ngữ giao tiếp.
VOCABULARY BUILDER OUTCOMES REAL ENGLISH FOR THE REAL WORLD The Outcomes Vocabulary Builder booklet contains key language from the Student's Book and is organised by unit so that learners can easily refer to the words they need while they are studying The Outcomes Vocabulary Builder contains: • A short explanation for each word • Common collocations and phrases • Practice activities • Regular language boxes for extra information on word families, word-building and phrasal verbs • Answer key Also available for the student: • Workbook - additional language and skills practice, a Developing Writing section, extra activities for the Outcomes Vocabulary Builder and audio CDs for the listening activities • MyOutcomes - online practice for grammar, vocabulary and all four skills Use for self study or interact with your teacher and get feedback on your progress Pin code available at the back of the Student's Book / V HEINLE t% CENGAGE Learning Heinle, a part of Cengage Learning, is a leading provider of materials for English language teaching and learning throughout the world Visit Heinle at http://elt.heinle.com Visit our corporate website at www.cengage.com / V HEINLE t% CENGAGE Learning VOCABULARY BUILDER OUTCOMES INTERMEDIATE Guide to Pronunciation Symbols Consonant /Р/ 1Ы 14 Idl /к/ /9/ m /V/ HI /1/ /ml /П/ /h/ /г/ HI /w/ /6/ /а/ /// /3/ /*/ /«/ /0/ Sounds pet bed time dog king garden fox, leaf van same zebra, is light mat name hot red young what bath weather fashion television cheap, catch jumper spring INTRODUCTION TO OUTCOMES VOCABULARY BUILDER Learning vocabulary in collocations and phrases will develop your fluency And doing a little revision regularly is the best way to learn vocabulary That's what the Outcomes Vocabulary Builder (OVB) will help you with Vowel /pet/ /bed/ /taim/ /dog/ /кщ/ / ' g o dan/ /foks/, /II f/ /vaan/ /seim/ / ' zebra/, /iz/ /lait/ /maat/ /neim/ /hDt/ /red/ /JAO/ /WDt/ /ba 9/ /weBa/ / fasjan/ / , teli' vrjan/ /г/i р/, /каег// / djAmpa/ /sprirj/ /1 /I/ /1/ /е/ /аз/ /a / /0/ /э:/ /о/ /и / /л/ /з /а/ see win very every cat farm clock wall book moon cup world letter /si:/ /win/ / ' veri/ / ' evri/ /km/ /fa:m/ /klok/ /WD:I/ /Ьик/ /ти:п/ /клр/ /W3:ld/ /'lett/ Diphthong (two vowels together) /ei/ /90/ /31/ /ао/ /31/ /В/ /е»/ /оэ/ wait phone mine house noise near hair pure /weit/ /faun/ /main/ /haos/ /nDIZ/ /П1Э/ /ho/ /pjua/ Remember: Sound is not the same as spelling, for example, the word 'is'finishes with the letter's' but the sound is Izl Iu.1 ii When writing the sound of a word (its phonemic transcription), always put lines like these //on either side of the word: /vaen/ Stress shown with marks like these ' shows the primary stress in a word For example, / ' go dan/ gcmien , shows the secondary stress For example, / , t e l l ' V l j j n / teleiuiiati It has been written to provide you with the important vocabulary in the Student's Book and to show you how these words are commonly used It does not include easier words which you should know from lower levels such as boring, or unusual words, which you probably don't need to remember at this level What each entry contains • Each entry has a short explanation of the word's meaning and often gives information on other forms or opposites • There is then a list of up to six typical collocations and phrases that the word is used with • Regular language boxes provide extra information on word families, phrasal verbs etc How the OVB is organised It is organised to make it quick and easy to use in class and to revise at home • Each unit in the OVB contains the most important new words from exercises, texts and listenings in the unit of the Student's Book • The units are then divided according to each double page of the Student's Book and the words within those pages are written in alphabetical order • At the end of each unit there are exercises to • There is an answer key at the back of the book Ways you can use the OVB • Read the word list before you study the unit in the book • Translate all the words you don't know based on the explanation Check the collocations for each word Do they make sense? Are any different to your language? • In class, if you have forgotten a word, look it up again Write out the collocation list and add one of your own • Cover words in the list and say or write phrases with the word Then compare with the collocation list • Choose five to ten words from the list to learn each day • Put eight new words in a story using the collocations listed • Do the exercises at the end of each unit some time after you've done it in class Then check the answers in the key • Write a list of the words you find difficult to remember and write sentences using the words seat a seat is the place where you sit: come in and take a - (sit down) / I'd prefer a window - (a seat next to the window) / the - next to me/the best - in the theatre /you can book ~s in advance I the front - of a car top the top person or thing is the highest, most important or best: a - head teacher (one of the best) / she's the UK's - athlete I score - marks in the exam (very high marks) / he's in the - class (the class with the highest level) / they live on the floor (the highest floor in a building) PACES - 1 MY FIRST CLASS PACES - abroad when you go abroad,you go to a different or foreign country: I'd love to live ~ /she travels - a lot /go-for a holiday Istudy accent an accent is the way you say words You can tell where someone is from because of their accent: she speaks with an American -la strong French - (very noticeable) /aslight ~ (not very noticeable) involve when a job or a course involves something, it includes it as an essential part: the job ~s talking to people and solving their problems I it -s a lot of hard work I it ~s computer programming management management is the way of controlling and organizing an organization.The management is also the group of people who control an organization.The verb is manage: he's studying business - Ishe works in - Ithe company has good - I improve - of the organization I she manages the whole hotel mile one mile is 1.6 kilometres Miles is often used to mean a long way: the town is soo -sfrom Moscow I the hotel is only a ~ down the road I a tiny village that's ~sfrom anywhere (not near any towns) / it's ~s to the nearest shop (a very long way) remind to remind someone about something means to make them remember it Be careful -you cannot use remember with this meaning: she reminded me about my doctor's appointment I can you - me to phone home? I he ~s me of my brother (he looks like my brother) / that song ~s me of my wedding (it makes me think about my wedding) rude if something you say or is rude, it is not polite and might upset people: it's - to ask people their age I I'm sorry-1 didn't mean to be -1 how-I I a very - man I he knows all the - words! OUTCOMES available if something is available,you can get it or buy it The noun is availability: they want to make language learning more ~ to students /the game is - in the shops now (you can buy it) / her books are widely - (you can get them in lots of different places) /they're -forfree / I'm always - to help you (I can help you) / What's your availability for a meeting next week? bilingual if you are bilingual,you speak two languages very fluently You can also be trilingual (able to speak three languages) or multilingual (able to speak many languages): I'm - in English and Turkish /grow up - Igo to a - school I be totally - / be almost continuity if there is continuity, things continue in a similar way without changes or problems: there was good - between teachers I we always try and maintain - /it's important not to lose - / we had six different teachers, so there was a lack ofdeal with if you deal with something,you what is necessary If you deal with a problem,you solve it: her job is to - complaints I he has to - lots of different people in his job/have to - some difficult customers / a difficult problem to defend if you defend something,you say you think it is good when other people say it is bad: a lot of people criticized the proposals, but he ~ed them I he tried to - what she had said I he should stand up and - himself (say that his ideas are right) disaster if something is a disaster, it is a complete failure: the policy was a - /the party was a total - I the evening was a bit of a dub if you dub a film, you change the speaking in it from one language into another The adjective is dubbed: you like watching foreign TV programmes that are -bed into your own language? I it's been -bed into English environment an environment is the place or conditions you live in or work in Note that when we talk about the environment we mean the natural world: the school provides a good - to learn in I it's a safe - to play in I a good working - I they learn better in a good learning - evidence facts that show if something is true, or show if someone is guilty or innocent of a crime: the police are still collecting - I there's no - against him I there's no - to suggest it's true fluent if you are fluent, you speak a language easily, without making mistakes.The adverb is fluently The noun is fluency: a - English speaker I I'm - in Spanish /you write very fluently I1 need to improve my fluency get by if you get by, you can something quite well, but not very well: I'm not very good at French, but I can just about - I1 don't know much about computers - but I - / he gets by at school - but he's not very academic head the head of a country, organization or department is the leader or manager To head something means to lead it or be in charge of it: he's the - teacher (the leader of a school) / the queen is the - of state I the - of the company I he's -ing the negotiations improve if you improve, you get better and if you improve something,you make it better.The noun is improvement: my English is really improving I toyour language learning /the economy is improving I he was very ill, but he's slowly improving (becoming healthy again) /the government needs to - public transport I there has been a big improvement in your work keep if you keep doing something,you continue to it or it many times: - practising until you can it I - trying I he -s phoning me I1 -forgetting to send that email /he~s telling me I'm wrong lack if there is a lack of something, it is missing If you lack something,you not have any: there was a - of evidence I the idea failed because of a - of interest (people weren't interested in it) la of effort (not trying hard enough) I the country ~s money to improve education I he completely -s talent maintain if you maintain something,you make it continue If you maintain a building,you keep it in good condition: / can - a conversation in French I a good relationship with my neighbours I we try to - high standards I they haven't -ed the house very well (they haven't kept it in good condition) / i t costs a lot to - the school (to keep the buildings in good condition) motivation your motivation is the reason why you something.The verb is motivate If you motivate someone,you give them motivation: he has no - to study / some students fail because of a lack of - /1 lost all my - to go running during the winter I their teacher really knows how to motivate them pick up if you pick up a language or some other skill,you learn it by seeing it or doing it, without studying it in a classroom: / picked up a few words of Turkish when I was staying there I they haven't studied it at school but just picked it up off the street (by playing outside with otheryoung people) / she picks up languages very easily I1 showed him how to it and he picked it up very quickly point the point of something is the reason to it: what's the - of studying for exams? I there's no speaking to him (it will not achieve anything) / the - of coming here is to learn English I1 don't see the - of spending a lot of money on clothes policy a policy is an idea or plan that a government or organization follows: what is the government's - on education? I health - I it's against company - to employ people under 16 / they want the government to change its - on immigration progress if you progress, you get better at doing something Progress is also a noun: students - at different speeds /to- slowly /to- quickly I he's definitely -ing /she's made huge - this term (she has got much better) provide if you provide something,you give it to people or make it available: I'll - all the food and drink I coffee will be -d in the break I they should people with more information I this will -you with a great opportunity question if you question something,you say that you have doubts about it and think it might be wrong: they -ed the prime minister's decision I some people are-ing the government's change in policy I he was -ed by the police (the police asked him questions) /she -ed his motives (wondered why he was really doing something) range when there is a range of things, there are a number of different kinds of thing: we discussed a - of topics I deal with a wide - of levels I the company provides a - of services /see our full of products rely on if you rely on something,you need it and trust it The adjective for someone you can trust is reliable.The opposite is unreliable: she has to - her parents for money (she needs her parents to give her money) / they - everyone else to speak English (they need everyone else to speak English) / you can't - him (you can't trust him) lits a very reliable train service (you can trust it) / he's totally unreliable (you can't trust him) reply if you reply to someone, you give them an answer Reply is also a noun: he replied in English I she didn't - to my letter I sorry for the delay in -ing 11 still haven't received a - from him 11 asked him a question, but he gave no - (he didn't say anything) report a report is a written document or a TV or radio programme that gives information about a subject Report is also a verb: the government has published a new - on the war I according to a recent - I the main conclusions of the - I a TV on crime I they will - back to us next week (they will tell us the information they have learnt) VOCABULARY BUILDER review if you review an idea or a policy, you think about it again and decide what you should Review is also a noun: the government is going to its drug policy / we will - the situation next week / a - of language policy skills your skills are the abilities you have: she's got good language - / have computer - / management ~ / learn new - / he's got poor people - (he doesn't get on well with people) teach yourself if you teach yourself something, you learn it from books or by practising yourself, without a teacher: is it possible to - English? / he taught himself the guitar /1 taught myself how to cook trade trade is the business of buying and selling things Trade is also a verb: the company does a lot of - with China / they are worried they will lose / they want to increase - with Europe / improve the tourist - (the business of making money by encouraging tourists to visit an area) /they - with companies all over the world PACES - bang if you bang something, you hit it Bang is also a noun: / was -ing on the door for ages /to - the table hard /1 -ed my knee on the side of the table (by accident) / / heard a - at the door (the sound of someone banging) chat if you chat to someone, you talk to them in a friendly, informal way Chat is also be a noun.The adjective is chatty: we-ted for a while /1 often - to her on the phone / have a - with someone / she's very chatty (willing to spend time chatting) excuse an excuse is the reason you give for why you did something wrong: what'syour -for being late? / give an - / invent (or make up) an - / a good - / there's no -for being so rude flat a flat is a group of rooms you can live in It is usually part of a larger building In American English, people say apartment: live in a - in the city centre / look for a -to rent / a ground-floor - / a top-floor - / a furnished - (with furniture already in it) / live in a block of-s run if a machine or vehicle is running, it is working: the train -s every 30 minutes (it goes every 30 minutes) / the buses don't - after midnight / the train and bus services usually - smoothly (without problems) / the car -son diesel rush if you rush, you something or go somewhere very quickly, often because you not have much time Rush is also a noun: / -ed out of the house (left the house very quickly) /we had to - her to the doctor (take her to the doctor very quickly) /1 -ed the last question of the exam (did it too quickly) / I'm in a - (i don't have much time) / my homework in a sort out if you sort something out, you organize it: I need to - my holiday (organize it) / - the problem (solve it) /I'm trying to - my life (make it more organized and deal with problems in it) / - all my papers (organize them and put them in order) spare if something is spare, it is extra: we've got a room / give you a - key / have no - time / have you got any - change (small amounts of money that you not need) PHRASAL VERBS A phrasal verb is a verb and a particle that are used together with a particular meaning In some cases the particle does not change the meaning of the verb.This is true for action verbs like walk and run For example, she rushed out of the house / let's walk down the stairs / they ran away with my bag 11 fell over, mean that the person rushed, walked, ran or fell However, sometimes adding the particle changes the meaning of the verb: He walked out on his wife (he left his wife) They ran out of food and drink (they used all the food and needed more) I fell out with my brother (we had an argument) The other phrasal verbs in this unit are: deal with (solve), grow up (become an adult),get by (manage), p/'d: up (learn), rely on (trust), make up (invent), sort out (solve) EXERCISES PREPOSITIONS A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition Their house is miles anywhere She really reminds me my mother The film is dubbed English There was a lack interest in the idea It's company policy to wear jeans We'll provide everyone an opportunity to try it I read a report crime in New York We a lot of trade theEU There's no excuse that kind of behaviour W O R D FAMILIES A Complete the expressions with the correct form of the word in bold study management a small business widely available What'syour next week? befluentin Spanish speak three languages improve your English in your English have no motivation rely on him a lot the team to play better be a very worker В Which TWO words in the list below are NOT both a noun and verb? bang policy head progress lack question remind rush reply trade COLLOCATIONS A Complete the collocations with the verbs in the lists Look up the verbs if you need help dub provide OUTCOMES showabig get by review improve pick up a language easily in French a film into English food and drink the situation your language learning В Match the nouns to the verbs Look up the nouns (a-f) if you need help to collect a) motivation to lose your b) chat to make c) report to publish a d) evidence to have a e) management to work in f) progress PHRASAL VERBS A Choose the correct phrasal verb I'm not very good with computers but I get by / deal with I have to deal with / rely on a lot of difficult children in the class He's very intelligent He picks things up/gets by very quickly Can you lend me some money? I rushed out / sorted out of the house this morning and I forgot to get my purse Many people don't have a car and rely on / make up public transport to get to work We've almost/a//en out / run out of milk Can you get some when you go out? I'm going to stay at home this weekend and sort out /pick up the house It's a complete mess PATTERNS A Put the verb in brackets into the correct form [to + infinitive or-ing) The job involves withyoung people, (work) Can you remind me Ana a call after the class? (give) I'll be available any problems at one o'clock, (deal with) If you don't have any success first time, just keep (try) I taught myself how and now I make my own jumpers, (knit) There's no point here in the rain Let's go inside, (wait) VOCABULARY BUILDER FEELINGS PACES - accommodation accommodation is a place such as a house, flat or hotel where you can live or stay: the tourist office can help you find - / the university can't provide - / I've had some problems with my ~ / there's plenty of good - in the town I I'm living in student behind if you are behind with work,you are late, slow or not doing as well as you should.The opposite is ahead: I'm really - with my work / he's - at school / the company's fallen - the competition / the project is two months - schedule break down if a machine or system breaks down, it stops working: my car broke down on the motorway / the central heating's broken down I the company's payment system broke down cheer up if you cheer up, you start to feel happier If you cheer someone up, you make them feel happier: I'm sure she'll - soon / ~- it's not that bad /1 bought her some flowers to cheer her up /1 need to something to cheer myself up / he needs cheering up confused if you are confused,you cannot understand something: she tried explaining it to me, but I was still ~ I I'm a bit - about how much I have to pay / she looked very disappointed if you are disappointed,you are unhappy because something is not as good as you wanted or expected: she was - with her exam results /1 was really - at not getting the job / he was very - that you missed his birthday /1 was a bit - by the film due if something is due, it should happen or arrive at a certain time: the baby is - next month /the train was - ten minutes ago / they were - to arrive at six o'clock / my rent's - today (I have to pay it today) / my pay's - next week (I will receive it then) OUTCOMES exhausted if you are exhausted, you are really tired: sit down -you must be- / I'm absolutely - /1 always feel - by the end of the week /1 was too - to argue with him fed up if you are fed up with something, you no longer like it because it is boring or annoying: I'm with my job / You look a bit - / I'm getting - with this awful weather /1 was - of waiting furious if you are furious, you are very angry: he was about the damage to his car /1 was - when I heard what they'd done / they were - with me for being late /she was - at how much it cost guilty if you feel guilty about something,you feel bad because you think you have done something wrong If someone is guilty, they have committed a crime: I feel a bit - because I haven't rung him for ages /1 feel - about not inviting her / he gave me a - look when I asked him where the money was / he was found - of murder (a court decided that he was guilty) hardly almost nothing or no one: he - said anything all evening (he said very little) / there was - anyone there (there were very few people) /speak up - can - hear you (I can't hear you very well) / ) - ever see him (very rarely) / we were so far back that I could - see the stage (it was very difficult to see) / there's - any crime here (almost no crime) join if you join someone,you go to where they are so that you are with them: would you like to - us} I you mind if I-your /'she can't come now, but she'll - us for dinner / please - the queue (stand in the queue and wait) mood your mood is how you feel: she's been in a bad all day (feeling angry) / listening to music always puts me in a good - (makes me feel happy) /I'm not in the - to go out / ignore him - he's in a funny - (a strange mood) pleased if you are pleased with something,you are happy or satisfied with it: / was really - with my exam results /1 feel - with myself for giving up smoking I I'll be - to help (willing to help) / - to meet you (said when you meet someone for the first time) relief if you feel relief, you feel happy because something bad or worrying has ended: it was a to hear you weren't hurt / he gave a sigh of - / it's a - to know I'm not the only one with problems / the doctors gave him pain - (medicine to get rid of pain) split up if two people split up, they get divorced or stop being a couple If a group split up, they stop working together: he's just - with his girlfriend / they decided to - after 20 years of marriage / the band - because of musical differences / the teacher split us up because we were talking terrible if you feel terrible, you feel very ill, sad or guilty: I've got a high temperature and I feel - / I felt - about disappointing them /1 feel -for not telling you the truth /are you OK? You look -! throw up if you throw up, you are sick A more formal word is vomit: / think I'm going to- /1 was up all night throwing up / he threw up all over the bathroom floor upset if you are upset, you are sad or angry about something: he was quite - when I spoke to him / I was very - about it / we were all very - by her death /she was too - to talk /he's a bit - that no-one told him about the party WORD FAMILIES AND -ED ADJECTIVES Most -ed adjectives come from verbs that are commonly used bore: football ~s те/ I'm sorry to-you with my problems confuse: / don't want to -you by giving you too much information / this research -s matters further disappoint: / don't want to - them /1 hate to you, but the concert's already sold out please: / knew the result would - him /you can't everyone all the time Sometimes the verb can have a different meaning to the -ed adjective exhaust: we've -ed all the possibilities (tried them all) / what will we when we've -ed the supplies of oil? (used them all) The nouns related to -ed adjectives can vary a lot in their form boredom: / was falling asleep with - /1 thought I was going to die of confusion: There was some - about who had won / put your name on your bags to avoid disappointment: book early to avoid - I losing the match was a big pleasure: is your trip for business or-? I it's a - to work with you (it's enjoyable) exhaustion: she was suffering from - / he was weak wili\ PACES - approach if you approach something,you get nearer to it If you approach someone, you go towards them and speak to them: a woman -ed me in the street /you can always - him with a problem (talk to him about it) / the company -ed me and offered me a job / things became more tense as the election -ed (came closer) atmosphere the atmosphere in a place is the feeling you get from being there: a hotel with a lovely relaxing - / the club's got a great - / there's a nasty - at work / he spoiled the friendly - with his stupid comments / he sensed the tense - as soon as he walked in attempt if you make an attempt to something, you try to it Attempt is also a verb: he made a desperate - to save the child / he failed in his - to break the world record / she succeeded in her - to get elected I it was a deliberate - to hide the truth I he -ed to climb Mount Everest campaign a campaign is a series of actions you because you want to win something or persuade people about something: his free hugs' campaign has been very successful / they are starting a new - against poverty/a military against the rebels / an election - / the government launched an anti-smoking - / run a - against drink driving discovery a discovery is something new that you find or learn.The verb is discover: scientists have made an exciting - / this is an important new - / they discovered gold in the mountains intend if you intend to something, you plan to it in the future: he -s to carry on hugging people / I don't think she -ed me to see the email / what you - to about this? isolated if someone feels isolated, they feel very alone An isolated place is far away from towns and cities: she felt very - when her parents died / they live in an - village / this was just an - incident (just one, not part of a series) line a line is a telephone number or connection A help line is a number you phone to ask for advice: you can call our help -for more information I the customer service - is open 24 hours a day /all the ~s are busy at the moment /you need to dial g to get an outside - / could you hold the - and I'll try and find her for you loss a loss is when you lose something It can be a game that you lose, or money that a company loses It can also be the sad feeling you have when someone close to you dies: fh/s was the team's third this year / the company made a big - last month / his death was a great - to us all / I'm sorry for your mark a mark is the number or grade you get for a piece of work or an exam When a teacher marks work, they correct it and give it a number or grade: / didn't expect to get such a high - / he got top ~s in the test I get a low - / the pass - is 40 per cent /you lose -sfor bad spelling /the teacher hasn't marked the exams yet meaningful if something is meaningful it is serious or important and useful: he finds it hard to make connections with other people / she wants to have a - life / the search for a - relationship / we should have a - debate about the problem miserable if you are miserable, you are very sad If something is miserable, it makes you sad: I felt VOCABULARY BUILDER a bit - when everyone left / he's had a -year / what a - day (with bad weather) / the weather was last week (very bad) protect if you protect someone,you stop things from hurting them If you protect something, you stop things from damaging it: a friend came along to - him /the animals are -edfrom hunters /you need to -yourselffrom the sun / wear goggles to your eyes response a response is an answer to a question or letter, or a reaction to something that has happened: / wrote to him last week, but I haven't had a -yet / we got a positive - to our idea / there was a disappointing -from the public / I'm writing in - to your letter / his comments provoked an angry skills skills are things that you are able to do, especially things you can well: she wants to improve her computer - / he has no social - (he doesn't know how to talk to other people) / she has good organizational - / he lacks the necessary to be a doctor speech if you give a speech,you talk to a large number of people about something: the chairman delivered an inspiring - / he made an acceptance - / she gave a - to the school / the head teacher made a short - at the end of the dinner / we had to listen to some boring ~es PAGES - fancy if you fancy doing something,you want to it: you - going for a coffee? / you - watching a film? /I've never fancied trying yoga /1 - doing something different find if you say that you find something interesting, boring, etc, this is your opinion of it: / - lying on a beach incredibly boring / did you - the exam difficult? /how are you -ing the course? graduate you graduate when you get your first degree at university: she ~d in law last year (she got a degree in law) /I'm going to - next year / he -dfrom Harvard with first class honours (top marks) heat heat is when something is hot: I don't go to very hot countries because I can't stand the - /the was unbearable during the day / keep the butter away from the - / once the soup is boiling, reduce the - and cook it gently for a few minutes ignore if you ignore someone,you don't listen to them or speak to them If you ignore something, you don't pay any attention to it:just - him - he's being stupid /1 said hello, but she completely ~d me / we can't - this problem mysterious someone or something mysterious is difficult to understand.The noun is mystery: we heard some - sounds / why are you being so - about it? /she died in - circumstances / her disappearance was a complete mystery / detectives are trying to solve the mystery nervous if you are nervous about something, you feel worried or a bit scared about it: / get very - before exams /1 was quite - before I made the speech / he was so -, his hand was shaking promoted if you get promoted, your employer gives you a better job and more money.The noun is promotion: / was - by Head Office / I'm hoping to get - to supervisor / now I've been - I'm on a better salary / she's hoping to get a promotion soon relationship a relationship is the way two people feel and behave towards each other: / have a good - with my parents / he doesn't want people to know about his - with Sara / a love-hate -1 the- between a parent and child / the - between a doctor and his patients scenery the scenery is the countryside that you see in a place: we passed through some lovely - on the way I they stopped to admire the amazing - / beautiful shocked if you are shocked at something,you are very surprised and slightly upset: / was - by the news / I was - at how much poverty there was /1 was - at how old he looked /1 was - to see so many people using drugs stuck if you are stuck somewhere, you cannot move from that place: we were - in a lift for two hours / I was - in traffic / we were - on the train for hours / the children were - inside all day because of the rain /1 don't want to be - in front of a computer all day unlike if it is unlike a person or thing to something it is not typical or normal for them: it's - him to be so quiet / it's - them to be late / the storm was anything I've ever seen EXERCISES PREPOSITIONS A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition I was really disappointed not getting the job I feel a bit guilty forgetting his birthday I'm totally fed up him complaining all the time They were absolutely furious me for staying out all night They have started a campaign poverty He's such a bad mood I don't know what's wrong with him I was very upset the whole thing They don't anything to protect themselves the sun I am writing response to your complaint of August 10 She's been promoted a higher position 11 He graduated philosophy the Sorbonne W O R D FAMILIES A Complete the sentences with the correct nouns and adjectives from these verbs bore confuse disappoint exhaust please I was really when he told me he couldn't come to the wedding She couldn't hide her when I told her There were so many to choose from, I felt a bit To avoid , can just one person speak at a time? The kids were really because it was raining and they couldn't go outside I thought I was going to die of I I was with myself for giving up smoking It was no trouble at all It was a I was by the time we finally got home She was suffering from after the run COLLOCATIONS A Complete the collocations with nouns from the unit have a love-hate r _p take some pain r f OUTCOMES make an acceptance s h what's the pass m k? phone the customer service h I run an advertising c n develop your computer s s live in student a n В Choose the correct verbs to complete the collocations Look up the nouns to help you if necessary make/do an attempt to something get /launch a campaign against poverty make /do an exciting new discovery earn/get good marks in an exam give /speak a speech solve /finish a mystery С Which of the following words not collocate with the nouns? a good / bad / funny / upset mood a nasty / tense / isolated / friendly atmosphere lovely / handsome / amazing / beautiful scenery successful / high / low / top marks a positive / angry / disappointing / exciting response PHRASAL VERBS Choose the correct word to complete the phrasal verb The awful smell almost made me throw up / down The bus broke off / down on the way home I'll buy her some flowers to cheer her out / up He's split off / up from his girlfriend PATTERNS A Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list arrive be break go hear work He failed in his attempt the world record Do you fancy out later? He's due in the next few minutes It was a relief that he was OK It's unlike him so quiet Howdoyoufind nights? VOCABULARY BUILDER TIME OFF PACES - ancient if something is ancient, it is very, very old: we visited some - ruins / an - mosque I an - city / are you interested in - history? bargain a bargain is something you buy at a much cheaper price than usuahyou can always find lots of ~s in the sales / that's only £30 - it's a real castle a castle is a big old building with strong walls that was built to protect the people inside and to give armies a safe place to stay: go and visit the old ~ / there's a ruined - on the hill concentration camp a concentration camp is a set of buildings where lots of prisoners are kept and sometimes killed during wars: a Nazi - / thousands of people were sent to the ~s / millions died in the -s decorated if something is decorated, it is made to look more beautiful The verb is decorate and the noun is decoration: the church was beautifully for the special day / we all helped to decorate the Christmas tree I why don't we put up some party decorations? desert a desert is a large area of dry land where there is very little water and very few plants or animals: not many animals can survive in the -/go trekking across the Sahara -1 be lost in the district a district is a part of a city or town: the main housing - of the city / the shop is in the old Jewish - / the financial - (where there are lots of banks and offices) / the main shopping - / a poor - of the city guide a guide is someone whose job is to show tourists places and tell them about the places they are visiting.There is also an adjective guided: we were shown around by a tour - /you can hire a local - to show you the city / buy a good -book (a book with information about a place) /go on 10 OUTCOMES a guided tour of the castle (a tour when a guide shows you around) historic a historic place or building is old and important Historic events are very important events that happened in the past and will be remembered in the future: the city has a lot of buildings / an - town / visit all the - monuments / the peace agreement was an - event I an - day location a location is the place where something is The adjective is located: the hotel is in a beautiful - / the beach was a strange -for a wedding / the talks are taking place at a secret - / their offices are located in the city centre medieval the medieval age in Europe was from around 1000 ad to 1500 ad: a - castle / the old square in the town centre /studying - history /a painting mine a mine is a big hole in the ground where people digand bring upcoal.gold, salt, etc, from under the ground.The people who work in mines are miners The industry is mining Mine is also a verb: ancient salts/ it would be interesting to go down a - / most of the men here work in the -sla coal miner I a mining town / it's too expensive to mine for coal here prayer prayer is the act of speaking to Cod The verb is pray: we heard the call to - coming from the mosque / say a - / attend daily ~s / pray to Cod / pray for their safe return (ask God for this) reject if you reject someone or something,you say you not want them The noun is rejection: they -ed our ideas /he -ed my offer I the company -ed my application / the fighting started again after the rejection of the peace plan reopen if a place reopens, it becomes open to the public again after it has been closed for a while The noun is reopening: they've just -ed the old cinema / the museum will - next month I they -ed the road last night / we were invited to the reopening of the restaurant restore if you restore something, you repair it so that it is as good as it was in the past: they've been restoring the old palace for years /they~d the old mosque to its original condition I the church has been beautifully -d / - peace to the country after the war rides in a theme park, the rides are the machines which move around and which you can go on for fun: they've got some great - there/goon all the - / there are some really scary - I he's too young to go on the ruins ruins are the parts of an old building that are still left after most of the building has been destroyed The adjective is ruined: there are some Roman - near the city / visit some ancient - / wander round the - I the city was left in - after the war /an old ruined temple temple a temple is a religious building for certain religions: a Buddhist/Hindu/Sikh -1 we visited the ancient ~s WORD BUILDING: VERBS THAT START WITH RE Sometimes when a verb starts with the letters re, this adds the meaning of'again'to the verb For example, reopen means 'open again' Here are some more examples: rearrange remarry rethink rewrite rebuild redo repaint replay retake (an exam) remake resell reuse However, with lots of verbs that start with rethere is no extra meaning of'again' For example, restore does NOT mean 'to store again'- even though 'store' is also a verb It just has a different meaning! Also, with some verbs that start with re-,you can't take away the letters re to make another verb For example, repeat is a verb - but 'peat' is not! PAGES 2 - average you calculate an average by adding two or more amounts together and then dividing by the total number of amounts: the - age of the people in the class is 18 / the European - wage / - house prices / she's about - height charge if you charge someone,you ask them for money for something you have given them or done for them Charge is also a noun: they -d us 20 euros for a salad / he -s £30 an hour /you can use the library free of - (without paying) / they offered us a bigger room at no extra compulsory if something is compulsory, the rules or laws say you have to it: maths and English are - subjects at the school / some countries have military service / -ID cards damage if you damage something, you break it or harm it Damage is also a noun: this crisis could the economy / a lot of buildings were ~d by the storm / this story could - his reputation / the cinema suffered serious - in the pre debate if people debate something, they discuss it in a serious, formal way before making a decision Debate is also a noun: the government is debating whether to reduce taxes / this is a hotly ~d topic (a lot of people have discussed it angrily) / we need a public - on this subject / a heated - (in which people become angry) entitlement your entitlement is your right to receive something.The verb is entitle:you have a legal to 20 days'holiday a year / the ticket entitles you to one free drink / everyone is entitled to free health care fair If things are fair, everyone is treated well and treated in the same way: it's not - if some people get paid more than others /his lawyers are demanding a - trial / she wanted her - share of the money / a - price highlight if you highlight something,you talk or write about it in a way that makes people notice it and tells them it is important: he wants to - the low number of public holidays / we need to - this problem / the report -s the need for action link if one thing is linked to another, it is connected in some way Link is also a noun: the lack of holidays has been - ed to people becoming ill from overworking / the two facts are closely -ed / doctors have established a - between diet and cancer / cultural and economic -s between the countries luggage your luggage is the bags and suitcases you take with you when you go on holiday: Shall I carry your -for you? / we were scared of losing our - / heavy - /you're only allowed one piece of hand nightmare a nightmare is a bad dream or a very difficult and unpleasant situation: the holiday was a complete - / their dream of a new home turned into a- /1 still have -s about the accident pour if you pour a liquid,you make it flow out of its container If it pours with rain, it rains very heavily You can also say that it pours down: shall I-you a drink? / it's going to - down tomorrow / it - ed with rain all day raise if you raise an amount or a level,you increase it: the restaurant had to - its prices / this policy could unemployment / - taxes ripped off if you are ripped off, someone charges you too much or does not pay you enough Rip off is also a verb and the noun is rip-off: workers are being - by the company / we got -by a taxi driver / the hotel tried to rip us off / I'm not paying that much - it's a total rip-off! spoil if you spoil something, you damage it so that it is not as beautiful or enjoyable: the bad weather -ed the holiday / the new buildings will -the view / don't - the party trade union a trade union is an organization that tries to get better pay and working conditions for workers: most of the workers belong to a - / they decided to set up a - / the - criticized the plan to close the factory / the - negotiated a pay rise traffic jam if there is a traffic jam on a road, there is a line of cars that cannot move forwards: we were stuck in a - for hours / the accident caused a upset stomach if you have an upset stomach, your stomach hurts and you might be sick, usually because of something you have eaten: I've got a really bad -1 it might cause an - / have you got anything for an -? VOCABULARY BUILDER 11 worth if something is worth doing, there is a good reason to it: it's not - cleaning the floor, because it will just get dirty again /it's a film that is definitely seeing / it may not work but it's -atry / the castle is well - a visit PACES - blow when wind or air blows, it moves The past tense is blew.The past participle is blown: my umbrella blew away / the wind blew the roof off the house /1 was nearly blown over chilly if it is chilly.it is cold The noun is chill Chill can also be a verb: it's a bit - outside / the evenings are starting to get quite - / there's a slight chill in the air I put the wine in the fridge to chill (become cold) clear up if something clears up, it becomes better If you clear something up, you make it better: hopefully, the weather will - later / the infection should ~ in a day or two / we need to - the misunderstanding between us / we need to - this mess (make it tidy) confirm if you confirm an arrangement, you say that it will definitely happen.The noun is confirmation: he phoned to - the date of the meeting / - the booking in writing / they sent me a letter of confirmation drop if an amount or level drops, it goes down Drop is also a noun: The temperature ~ped to minus ю'С/ prices have ~ped dramatically / there's been a - in student numbers /a 20 per cent - in profits forecast a forecast is a statement about what people think is going to happen in the future, based on the evidence available: what's the weather -for tomorrow? / the -said it's going to snow tonight / a pessimistic economic - / next year's sales - s humid if the weather is humid, it is very hot and there is a lot of water in the air The noun is humidity: the afternoon was hot and - / a very climate / can't stand the humidity /go per cent humidity reach to reach a place or level means to get there: the temperature might - 36X tomorrow / we finally -ed the top of the mountain / he -ed the age of 100 storm when there is a storm, lots of rain falls and there are strong winds.The adjective is stormy: there might be a- later / the plane crashed in a /as we were driving home, a - broke (it started) / stormy weather / a stormy relationship (with a lot of arguing) turn out the way something turns out is the way it develops or changes: the afternoon turned out really sunny / everything will -fine in the end warm if something is warm, it is quite hot in a pleasant way There is also a verb warm up: the weather was nice and - / it's much warmer today than it was yesterday / the warmest room in the house / I'm cold -1 need to - up a bit / shall I - the soup up? (make it hotter) EXERCISES COLLOCATIONS PREPOSITIONS A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition The hotel is a beautiful location You are entitled 20 days holiday a year There is a link diet and cancer We were stuck a traffic jam It is difficult to survive the desert I would hate to go amine They pray Cod every day He wanted to go all the rides The town was left ruins 10 They charged us €20 a salad 11 There has been a drop student numbers W O R D FAMILIES A Complete the expressions with the correct form of the word in bold decorate a room put up go on a a tourist guide tour a beautiful location the hotel is in the city centre the men work as a salt mine daily prayers some Roman ruins a legal entitlement a chilly day confirm the time 10 a humid day 11 a terrible storm for someone's safe return a temple this ticket you to a free drink there was a slight in the air send written 90 per cent weather WORD-BUILDINC A Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs J rebuild remarry repaint resell retake rewrite If you fail your exam, you'll have to it We have to the doors every few years They had to the cinema after it burnt down If you find you don't need your tickets, you can always them He two years after his wife died My essay wasn't very good, so I had to 12 OUTCOMES A Match the adjectives to the nouns Look up the adjectives if you need help ancient a)event a fair b)age a compulsory c) ruins d) relationship the average e) subject at school a historic a stormy f)trial В Use the collocations to complete the missing nouns coal / salt m e a Buddhist/Hindu/Sikh t e the weather/economic f t a beautiful / strange / secret I n serious d e turn into a complete n _ _ e С Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs from the list Look up the verbs if you need help blow reach reject reopen spoil They the road last night Unfortunately, they our offer The wind the roof off the shed The temperature 40°C yesterday The bad weather our holiday D Match the sentence halves Look up the verbs if you need help He thinks it's important a) the date of a to highlight meeting The government wants to raise b) the economy I think it's going to pour c) this problem I'll phone to confirm d) with rain This crisis could damage e) taxes E Which of the collocations not go with the nouns? have / cause/fall an upset stomach find / come / be a bargain be sent to / die in / send a concentration camp set up / belong to / open a trade union carry / make / lose/your luggage PHRASAL VERBS A Choose the correct phrasal verbs Some restaurants try to clear up / rip off their customers It's going to pour down / turn out this afternoon Shall I turn out /warm up the soup? The infection should clear up / pour down in a few days Everything will rip off I turn out fine in the end VOCABULARY BUILDER 13 score if you score, you get a point or a goal in a game The score is how many points or goals each team has: / -d a goal / Casol -d 23 points / Arsenal -d in the last minute / What's the ~? / the final - was 3-0 shoot if you shoot in football and other sports, you try to put the ball in the net The past tense is shot The noun is also shot: if you get near the goal, just -I / I'm useless at -ing / that was a great shot! straight if something is straight, it does not bend or curve: stand in a - line /1 can't kick the ball - / keep your back -/sit up - (with your back straight) useless if you are useless, you are very bad at something If something is useless, it is not good or useful: I'm - at shooting / he's - at tennis /the course was - / the machine doesn't work - it's - INTERESTS PACES - backwards if you move backwards, you move in the direction that is behind you If you something backwards,you it in the opposite way to normal: he fell - /it's hard to skate - / have your T-shirt on ~ (with the front part at the back) complicated if something is complicated, it is difficult to or understand because it has a lot of different parts: we learnt some ~ dance moves / chess is a - game / it's a very - situation court the court is the area of hard ground where you play some sports: a tennis ~ / a basketball defence the defence is the group of players who stop the other team scoring in a game The verb is defend, and the players are defenders: Joe is quite good in ~ /she usually plays in - / the team has a strong - / it's important to defend well / he's an excellent defender kick if you kick something,you hit it with your foot Kick is also a noun: / can't even - the ball in a straight line / they ~ed and punched him / they tried to - the door in / give it a -I move a move is a change of position in a sport such as a martial art: / can the basic ~s / I'd like to learn some more advanced ~s / that's a difficult - / she watched his every net the net is the thing in tennis that you hit the ball over It is also the material at the back of a goal in football: I always hit the ball into the - /he managed to get the ball over the - / Federer's very good at the - (when he stands close to the net) / the crowd cheered when he kicked the ball into the back of the rubbish if you are rubbish at something,you are very bad at it You can also say that something is rubbish if it is very bad or stupid: I'm - at football / he's - with computers /this film's - / he's talking - / that's -I 14 OUTCOMES PACES - autograph if a famous person gives you their autograph, they sign their name for you: the fans were waiting to get his - / someone asked me for my ~ balance your balance is your ability to stay steady and not fall over If you are off balance, your body is more on one side and you may fall: it's difficult to keep your - sometimes /you need good - to judo /she lost her ~ and fell / my opponent threw me offbig-headed if someone is big-headed, they think they are better than other people: people will think you're - if you keep saying how good you are / he's very - / don't be so -I bloody if something is bloody, it is covered in blood When your body bleeds, blood comes out of it: he gave me a - nose / there were - battles on the streets /your nose is bleeding / his head was bleeding badly boast if you boast,you tell other people that you are very good at something or you have very nice or expensive things: he's always -ing about how good he is / he was -ing that he'd never failed an exam / she was -ing because her parents had just bought her a new car bully if someone bullies you, they hurt you or laugh at you because you are different from them Someone who does this is a bully: the big kids used to - me / she was bullied for wearing glasses / some kids get bullied for being clever / there's a lot of-ing in the school, he's a horrible -I course a course is a large area of land or water for races or games: arace- (for horse racing) / a golf fit if you are fit, you are healthy and can exercise without getting tired.The opposite is unfit.The noun isfitness:I'm going running everyday to get - / how you keep so-? / they're worried he won't be -for the match on Saturday /1 need to improve my fitness WORD BUILDING - NEGATIVES You can add un- to lots of adjectives to mean not, for example unfit unable: sorry I'm - to help / he's - to read unacceptable: - behaviour / the proposal is uncomfortable: these shoes are really - /an chair unexpected: the win was quite -/an - defeat / an - visit unfair: that's -I /an - decision / it gives them an advantage unfit: I'm so -I / too - to play in the match unfortunate: it was an - accident / an - mistake unfriendly: she's very - /an - atmosphere unhappy: he's very - in his job/an - childhood unhealthy: he looks - / have an - lifestyle uninspiring: an - speech / an - leader unlikely: it's - to happen / it's extremely - he'll win unlucky: they were - to lose / we were - with the bad weather unnecessary: there was an - delay / cause suffering to animals unpleasant: it was an - experience / an - smell / an - child unpopular: the president is very - /an - decision / an - policy unreliable: he's very - / the bus service is quite unsuccessful: the plan was -/an - advertising campaign unsuitable: those shoes are -for climbing unsure: I'm - what to untidy: he's really - / her room's so unusual: it's - weather for winter/it's - for him not too phone get on how someone gets on is how successful they are: how did you - in the competition? / we didn't very well (we weren't very successful) helmet a helmet is a hard hat that you wear to protect your head: a cycle - /you should always wear a - /put your - on /take off yourinjury if you have an injury, you hurt a part of your body The verb is injure The adjective is injured: he's got a leg - / a serious - / he was badly injured in an accident /she has an injured foot persuade if you persuade someone to something, you talk to them and give reasons so that they agree to it: her teachers ~d her to start doing judo /1 tried to - him to change his mind / we managed to - him plaster if you have a part of your body in plaster, it is covered with a hard substance to protect a broken bone and stop it moving: she's got her arm in - / his leg was in - for weeks / when are they going to take the - off? properly if you something properly, you it correctly:you should always warm up - before a game /you need to know how to fall - / the machine isn't working - he's not - trained pull a muscle if you pull a muscle, you injure it by stretching it too much: / pulled a muscle in my leg / I've pulled my hamstring (the muscle at the top of the leg) / she pulled her calf muscle (the muscle at the bottom of leg) season the seasons are the different times of the year In sport, a season is the time of year when a sport is played: when does the football - start? / the end of the tennis - / summer is my favourite semi-final the semi-final is the game before the final in a competition Before the semi-final, there is the quarter-final: they lost in the - / he won his ~, so he's in the final next week / we got through to the - / they reached the skating skating is the sport of moving over ice on shoes with metal blades on the bottom.The shoes are called skates: we went - last weekend/she's really good at - /1 need to buy some new ~s slip if you slip, your foot moves accidentally and you lose your balance or fall You usually slip when the ground is wet.The adjective is slippery: / -ped on the ice / she -ped and fell / it's a bit muddy - be careful you don't - / the ground's very slippery /the roads were very slippery stiff if something is stiff, it is hard and difficult to move If your muscles are stiff, they hurt because you have used them too much: my legs are - /1 feel a bit -1 I've got a - neck I the window is a bit - (it won't open easily) strength strength is the noun from strong: this sport is a real test of- / use your - / I've lost - in my arm after the injury / build up your - / improve your and fitness take advantage if you take advantage of something, you use it to get what you want, sometimes unfairly: he took advantage of his opponent's injury / - of the situation /-of an opportunity / they took advantage of the defender's mistake and scored technique a technique is a special way of doing something: he taught me some new -s/ it's always good to learn new ~s train if you train for a sport,you exercises and practice to become fitter and better.The activity is training: how often you have to -? / he -s hard every day / we - a lot / I'm -ing for a marathon / a training session tournament a tournament is a competition with several rounds and matches, which continue until there are just two teams or players in the final: he won a judo - /a tennis - / they got knocked out of the - in the first round VOCABULARY BUILDER 15 warm up when you warm up, you move your body gently so that you are ready to start a sport Warm-up is a noun: it's important to - properly before a match / we did а ю minute warm-up weights weights are heavy metal objects that people lift in order to strengthen their muscles: he does ~s in the gym (he lifts them) /you should try lifting -s to build up your strength /a ю-kilo - / a ~s machine PAGES - background: when something is in the background, it is behind other things so you not notice it very much: they had music on in the - / the radio was on in the -1 there are mountains in the - of the painting / there was a lot of- noise challenge a challenge is something difficult which you want to try and The adjective is challenging: climbing this mountain will be a real - / we want to set our readers a - /my job's become boring - need a new - / you enjoy a ~? I teachers have to provide a - for their students / it's a very challenging job download if you download something.you take it from the Internet and put it on your computer The opposite is upload or post: to - music /1 -ed a great song /you can - movies from the website / you can go to their website and - updates for the software funeral a funeral is the ceremony you have after someone has died: over 200 people attended his - / I wanted to go to the - / he chose the music he'd like played at his- / it was a very moving jump if you jump, you move very quickly or suddenly, often because you are surprised: / -ed out of bed when I heard the alarm / everyone -ed up and started dancing / he -ed in the car and drove off / I -ed when I heard the door bang I you made me ~! (you frightened me) ring-tone the ring-tone is the sound a mobile phone makes when it rings: / like your - /an annoying - / I downloaded a - onto my mobile /1 need to change the - on my phone set if you set a challenge or something similar, you give it to someone to do: we want to - our readers a challenge / the teacher always -s us too much homework /she-an essay for next week /the company always ~s high sales targets suit if something suits a person or a situation, it is convenient or suitable If a piece of clothing suits you, it makes you look good: this musics my mood / the time of the class doesn't -me / working part-time s my lifestyle I that jacket doesn't - him / that new hairstyle really s her EXERCISES I can't wear those shoes - they're too PREPOSITIONS A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition He usually plays defence I'm rubbish football! He's useless tennis He always boasts how good he is She's got her leg plaster He took advantage his opponent's injury The picture had some mountains the background You can download music this website A Complete the expressions with the correct form of the word in bold a strong defence he's a good Just shoot! a good he'sveryfit improveyour a serious injury she was in an accident mind you don't slip the roads are he's very strong improveyour train for a sport a session it's a real challenge a job В Tick the words which are both a noun and a verb kick score shoot bat course bully WORD-BUILDING A Complete the sentences with a negative form of the correct adjective comfortable fair fit reliable usual The bus is always breaking down - the service is very I'm sorry, but I'm to come to the meal on Saturday 16 OUTCOMES COLLOCATIONS A Match the two halves of the collocations a basketball a) helmet a race b) pitch a cycle c) court a football d) course В Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list Look up the verbs if you need help W O R D FAMILIES able It's if some people get more money than others It's very to have snow in the summer I can't play football - I'm too download persuade pull score set suit train He a goal in the last minute of the game Oh, no! I think I've a muscle You'll have to hard if you want to get into the team It doesn't cost much to music from the Internet Our teacher wants to us a challenge Working from home my lifestyle She me to try tennis С Choose the correct verb to go with each noun Look up the nouns if you need help make /do weights tootfend/possafuneral to have/keepyour balance to reach/arrive the semi-final to build up /make up your strength to have /suffer уош arm in plaster D Complete the missing adjectives Baseball has a lot of rules - it's quite a c dgame I'll never get into the team - I'm r hat sport! They all stood in a s _ _ _ _ t line to have their photo taken He's always telling me how good he is at tennis - he's so b -h d! My legs are sos f, I can hardly walk! He punched me and gave me a b у nose VOCABULARY BUILDER 17 THE NATURAL WORLD PACES - bush a bush is a kind of plant that is like a tree, but smaller: there were two or three rose ~es in the garden / we could hear something in the -es / a large animal was moving around in the - es circle if you circle something, you go all the way round it or you draw a round shape all around i t Circle is also a noun: I saw an eagle circling high above us / the plane had to - for an hour before we could land / - the correct answer / we drove round in -sfor ages crawl when you crawl,you move along the ground on your hands and knees, or you move along very slowly Crawl is also a noun: babies learn to - at about six months old / I managed to - to the phone /1 saw a cockroach -ing across thefoor / we -ed along the motorway / we went on a pub (we went to lots of pubs) disappear if something disappears, it goes somewhere where it cannot be seen or it stops existing The noun is disappearance: the snake -ed into the long grass / their traditional way of life is -ing fast / he's just completely -ed / the police are investigating her disappearance distract if you distract someone, you stop them from concentrating.The adjectives are distracted and distracting.The noun is distraction: / hope having so many people around won't-you /1 was -ed from my work by the noise / he seemed very -ed when I saw him /1 found the music distracting / it's difficult to work when there are so many distractions grass grass is the low green plant that grows all over the ground: children were playing on the - / hide in the long - /1 need to cut the- / lie on the hide if you hide,you go somewhere where people cannot see you or find you The past tense is hid 42 OUTCOMES and the past participle is hidden: I found a scorpion hiding in one of my shoes / she hid in a cupboard / I hid her present under the bed / he tries to - his feelings / she hid her disappointment hiss if something hisses, it makes a long's' sound, like a snake: there was a snake in the corner -ing at me / the cat started-ing at me jungle a jungle is an area of thick tropical rainforest: we spent a few days trekking through the - /the Amazon - / they cut a path through the rock a rock is a large piece of stone The adjective is rocky: there was a huge lizard lying on a - / demonstrators started throwing ~s at the police / the boat hit some ~s and sank / driving along a rocky mountain road trek if you trek, you a long and difficult walk, often through jungle or across desert Trek is also a noun: we went -king through the jungle / they -ked across the Gobi desert / it's a real - to my flat (my flat is a long way away) underneath if you are underneath something, it is directly above you or it is covering you: the bear was lying - a tree / we hid - the table I let's meet - the station clock / wear something warm -your coat PACES - action it you take action, you something, especially in order to deal with a problem The verb is act: - needs to be taken soon / the situation calls for decisive - / take whatever -s are necessary / what's the plan of-? (what are we going to do?) / we need to act quickly /she's acting on the advice of her lawyer arrest if the police arrest you, they take you to a police station because they think that you have committed a crime Arrest is often used in the passive Arrest is also a noun: he was -edfor smuggling / he's been -ed on suspicion of murder / the police -ed her for speeding /you 're under - / the police made an - early this morning breed if you breed animals, you keep them and put them together so that they will have babies.The past tense and past particle is bred A breed of dog, horse, etc, is one particular kind: they - sheep / the animals are bred in zoos / the most popular - of sheep / what - is your dog? currently currently means at the moment The adjective is current: 16,000 plant and animals species are - threatened with extinction / I'm writing a new book / the film is - showing at the ABC cinema / the current political situation / he's interested in current affairs (recent social and political events) cyber-cyber- means connected to computers and the Internet: the information must be stored somewhere in -space (on the Internet) /a -cafe (where there are computers) / the problem of -crime (crime that involves the Internet) destroy if you destroy something,you damage it so badly that it no longer exists.The noun is destruction: 50 per cent of all animal species could be -ed by global warming / the building was -ed in afire / prevent the destruction of the environment / weapons of mass destruction extinct if a plant, animal or language is extinct, it no longer exists.The noun is extinction: the plant could soon become - if action isn't taken / an - volcano (not active) /thousands of species are currently threatened with extinction / their language is now on the verge of extinction / can the animals be saved from extinction? gang a gang is a group of people who spend a lot of time together, often for criminal reasons: on organized criminal - /the - threatened to kill anyone who got in their way / there were-fights on the streets /a - of kids global warming global warming is the slow increase in the earth's temperature caused by polluting gases: - has affected wildlife all over the world / the government should more to tackle - /can we stop ~? / we can now see the effects of-/ the issue ofhunt if you hunt animals, you chase them in order to then kill them If you hunt for something,you try hard to find it Hunt is also a noun The person is a hunter: it's illegal to - tigers I bears have been -ed into extinction I they should ban the -ing of rare species / police are still -ing for the gang /I'm house—ing at the moment (looking for a house to buy or live in) / the -for the murderer / the number of elephants killed by hunters illegal if something is illegal, it is against the law The adverb is illegally: sell - goods via the Internet / it is - to buy alcohol if you're under 18 / the items were being offered for sale illegally inhabit if you inhabit a place, you live in it.The people who lived somewhere are the inhabitants: this rare species of shark is known to - fresh water / the islands are only -ed by birds / the area is -ed by around 20,000 people / the first inhabitants arrived here in the ninth century introduce if you introduce something,you put it in a place or start to use it for the first time If you reintroduce it,you this for a second time.The noun is introduction: rabbits were ~d to Australia from Europe / the animal has been reintroduced into the country / the government plans to-a new law / the introduction of tighter security measures point a point is one particular time or level in a process: the animal is back from the - of extinction (it was nearly extinct)/at one - I thought I was going to die /1 reached the - where I couldn't stand it anymore I it got to the - where I could hardly walk anymore I predict if you predict what will happen, you say what you think will happen in the future The adjective is predictable.The noun is prediction: some scientists are -ing that 23 per cent of all mammals could become extinct within the next so years / experts - that the situation is going to get worse / the ending of the film was very predictable (you could predict what would happen) /it's difficult to make long-term predictions about the economy release if you release something,you let it leave a place where it has been kept, or you make it available Release is often used in the passive Release is also a noun: the report was ~dyesterday / the animals were ~d back into the wild / he's due to be -dfrom prison soon /she was -dfrom hospital last night / they are attempting to secure the - of SO prisoners role a role is the purpose or position that someone has in a particular situation: horses have played an important - in the country's history / what'syour - in the company? / the economy played a key - in the election campaign / money played a major - in my decision / the monthly parties have an important social search if you search a place, you look in it carefully in order to find something that is lost or hidden Search is often used in the passive Search is also a noun: my bag was -ed before I was allowed through /1 was stopped and -ed by the police / too police officers are -ing the area / the police conducted a thorough - of the area / have you done a - on the web? VERBS OFTEN USED IN THE PASSIVE Some verbs are often used in the passive When you learn new verbs, it is important to not only learn their meanings, but also to pay attention to the grammar that goes with them For example: arrest: he was -ed and charged with murder ban: he's been -nedfrom entering the country fix: my car is being -ed at the moment move: / was very -d by the story release: their first CD was -d a couple of years ago suspend: the service has been -ed until further notice transfer: your call is being -red Please hold the i line threaten: / was -ed with arrest if I didn't move back skin your skin is the natural covering on your body: my - was blue with cold / the gang smuggles tiger ~s into the country /she's got very sensitive - /a VOCABULARY BUILDER 43 cream for dry ~ / people with fair - should stay out of the sun Isufferfrom a ~ disease Ia banana skull your skull is the bone in your head, around your brain: he fell and fractured his - / they were arrested for smuggling animal ~s smuggle if you smuggle something,you take it from one country into another illegally Smuggle is often used in the passive: the animals are ~d into the country I he was arrested for smuggling exotic animals / she was caught smuggling drugs /they were part ofa people-smuggling gang I they were accused of drug smuggling species a species is a particular type of animal or plant: a rare - of bear / over the past 500 years, 820 - have become extinct I tigers are now an endangered - (In danger of becoming extinct) speeding speeding is the crime of driving too fast The noun is speed: he was arrested for - 11 was fned £130 for - I he was caught by a speed camera straight if you go straight to a place,you go there directly without stopping anywhere else on the way.you will be taken - to your hotel I1 went home after class I she went - to bed threaten if you threaten someone,you say you will something bad to them, especially if they refuse to what you want them to Threaten is often used in the passive.The noun is threat: they ~ed to kill me if I didn't give them the information I 76,000 species are currently -ed with extinction (they may become extinct) / the factory is now ~ed with closure I he received death threats I terrorism still poses a serious threat wild if something is wild, it grows without help from people The wild is the natural environment: there are - horses on the island I -flowers I - animals I the animals were bred in a zoo and then released into the - PACES - aggressive if a person or animal is aggressive, they behave in an angry or violent way towards people: an ~ dog I / was scared by his - and threatening behaviour I he gets very - sometimes cage a cage is a structure of metal bars for keeping animals or birds in, like in a zoo: / keep the bird in a - /you have to clean the -regularly I it escaped from its - / a man climbed into the lion's construction construction is the work of building something, especially a house, bridge, etc The verb is construct: the - of the road is a threat to wildlife I the stadium is still under - (being built) / work in 44 OUTCOMES the - industry I there are plans to construct a new bridge free if something is free, it is not locked up, controlled or limited Free is also a verb The noun is freedom: the animals were set - I people let their dogs run - I they are campaigning for a - press (newspapers that are allowed to say what they want) /50 political prisoners were -d last night I they believe in freedom of speech habitat the habitat of plants or animals is the natural environment they grow or live in: the animals' natural - is being destroyed I it's interesting to observe them in their natural -la coastal - I forest -s hectare a hectare is 10,000 square metres: thousands of ~s of forest are destroyed every hour I a small farm of 200 ~s investigate if you investigate something, you try to find out the truth about it The noun is investigation: scientists are -ing the causes of the disease I we will -how the accident happened I they plan to carry out a detailed investigation I he is under police investigation (the police are investigating him) lick if you lick something,you move your tongue across it: he lets his dog - his face I she -ed her fingers I he -ed his lips litter tray a litter tray is a container inside a house where cats go to the toilet: the - is smelly I the stinks I the - is full I clean out thepoisonous if something is poisonous, it can kill or harm you if it gets inside your body.The noun is poison: / was bitten by a- snake I - gas I some types of mushroom are - I he used poison to kill his victims scratch if something scratches you, it makes a small cut on your skin Scratch is also a noun: the cat -ed me 11 -ed my arm on some bushes I it's nothing it's only a scratch I there were a few scratches on the car socialise if you socialise, you spend time meeting friends and other people for fun The adjective is sociable: she doesn't - very much 11 tend not to with the people from work I I'm not feeling very sociable today stroke if you stroke something,you move your hand over it in a slow and gentle way: he ~d the dog I cats love to be ~d I he -d her face gently tank a tank is a large container that holds liquid or gas You can also keep fish or snakes in a tank: / keep the snake in a - in my bedroom la fish - la water -la petrol - He was caught by a (speeding) EXERCISES С Which TWO words in the list below are NOT both a noun and a verb? PREPOSITIONS A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition I was distracted my work by all the noise He was arrested murder The animals were released the wild What's her role the company? Scientists have discovered a new species frog Tigers are threatened extinction The animals are kept cages The road is still construction В Choose the correct preposition Something was moving in I at the bushes They hid on I in the long grass The snake hissed at I to me We went trekking through Ion the jungle The animal skins are smuggled to I into the country We observed the animals in Ion their natural habitat I don't socialise/or/with people from work You can keep snakes on I in a glass tank circle hunt A Complete the expressions with the correct form of the word in bold disappear into the investigate the bushes boy's stop distracting me seem very a mountain path a large rock be shot by a group of hunt for animals sell goods meet the ofa place be arrested for pose a serious В Complete the sentences with the correct words from the words in brackets It is important to prevent the of the rainforest, (destroy) These animals now face (extinct) I thought the film was too (predict) He believes in of speech, (free) The police are carrying out an (investigate) She used to kill the rats (poisonous) He's a very person, (socialise) crawl habitat search trek action arrest breed COLLOCATIONS A Complete the collocations with the verbs in the list Look up the verbs if you need help investigate threaten lick predict search stroke a place for evidence your lips what will happen to kill someone how something happened a cat or dog В Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list Look up the verbs if you need help breed W O R D FAMILIES be illegal inhabit a place smuggle goods threatened him with violence camera circle crawl hiss hunt scratch The snake at me A spider across the floor They animals in the zoo People used to tigers for their skins If you annoy the cat, it will you An eagle was above us Match the two halves of the collocations Look up the nouns (a-h) if you need help a) global warming cut the b) grass belong to a criminal c) role try to prevent d) gang play a major e) skin take decisive f) tank have sensitive g) action protect endangered keep them in a fish h) species D Use the opposites to complete the adjectives from the unit an active I e tvolcano it's totally legal l\ I to that the animals are perfectly tame Iw _ _ d they're quite gentle I а edogs the two men were locked up Is _ t f _ e these mushrooms areedible/p s VOCABULARY BUILDER 45 12 lifestyle and to not be a part of normal society The verb is drop out: he's a bit ofa - / my parents are worried I'm going to end up becoming a - / hippie ~s / he dropped out of college WORD BUILDING: NOUNS MADE FROM PHRASAL VERBS Some phrasal verbs can be made into nouns with similar meanings Sometimes the nouns are one-word nouns, sometimes they are two words joined with a hyphen (-), Sometimes the words from the phrasal verb appear in the same order in the noun, sometimes they are the other way round PEOPLE I KNOW PACES - affectionate if you are affectionate, you show how much you love or like someone The noun is affection: he's very sweet and - / a very - child / a dog that has been starved of affection /1 just want a bit of affection bright someone who is bright is intelligent and clever: he's a very-young man / very - kids/she's the brightest student in her class close if you are close to someone, you get on very well with them and can talk to them about anything: I'm very - to my older brother / my sister and I are very / they're a very -family /1 only told my - est friends competitive someone who is competitive always wants to win or be more successful than other people: he's very sporty and very -la highly player / why you have to be so-? demonstration a demonstration is a public march or meeting to show that people support something or are opposed to it.The verb is demonstrate: an anti-war - I a pro-democracy - /he went on the big - protesting against the new law I a - in support of the arrested men / thousands of people demonstrated against the new tax determined if you are determined,you not let anything stop you from achievingyour goals and doing what you want to The noun is determination: he's a very-young man / he's - to succeed / we made a - effort to clean the place up /he has shown real determination / they played with great determination dissolve if you dissolve something in a liquid,you mix it in until it disappears: heat the mixture until the sugar -s / the powder will - in cold water a dropout a dropout is someone who leaves school or university before finishing their course It also means someone who decides to live an alternative 46 OUTCOMES Phrasal verb Noun check in: checkyour bags in fall out: let's not about money walk out: she walked out on her husband rip off they tried to rip us off break down: cars sometimes pour down: it's pouring down bring up - kids on your own check-in: I'll meet you at the falling-out: they had a big walkout: the union ordered a rip-off: it was such a breakdown: have a nervous downpour: get caught in the upbringing: have a strict - easy-going if someone is easy-going, they not easily get worried, upset, angry or stressed: she's very relaxed and - / they have a very - attitude towards life / a friendly - person generous if someone is generous, they are willing to give money or help people The noun is generosity: she can be very - when she wants to be / he's very - with his time /an extremely - offer/people take advantage of his generosity / an act of great generosity great- great- is a prefix that you can add to words for family members to mean one generation back from that member: my grandfather is 75 and my grandfather is 102 / my - aunt / his - grandparents grow out of if you grow out of clothes, you become too big to wear them If you grow out of something,you become too old to enjoy doing it: kids - their clothes so quickly / don't worry-he'll - it once he gets older / he used to wet his bed, but he's grown out of it now half- half- is a prefix that you can add to the nouns 'brother'or'sister'to show you share one of the same parents Half- can also be added to words to give the meaning of 50 percent: my dad remarried last year and now I have a brother / I'm dead this morning (very tired) / / guess I agree with you /you can get price tickets idiot an idiot is someone who is very foolish or stupid The adjective is idioticyou can be such an - sometimes / our boss was a bit of an - / he drives like an - / that was an idiotic thing to indulgent if you are indulgent with someone,you treat them especially well, and sometimes allow them to have more than is good for them The verb is indulge: he's very - with his daughter /she's very - towards her grandchildren /she indulges the children too much / the food is all free so go on indulge yourself intense if someone is intense, they are very serious in the way they talk and behave The noun is intensity: he's very serious and quite - / she can be a bit too - sometimes /a very -young man / a very - relationship /she looked at me with real intensity -mate -mate is a suffix you can add to nouns to show that two people share a space or an activity together: I get on really well with my flat- (the person I share a flat with) /go out with myclass-s / he's got three houses / her room-/go out for a meal with my works naughty if children are naughty, they behave badly: she can be quite - sometimes /you've been a very - boy I that was very - of you / our teacher talks to us as if we were - schoolchildren outgoing someone who is outgoing is friendly and likes meeting new people: he's very funny and - / we're both quite chatty and - / she has a very personality phase a phase is one period of time in the growth or development of something: the first - of the project is nearly finished / he went through a - of wearing black all the time / it's just a - he's going through scholarship a scholarship is money that is given to you by an organization so that you can afford to go to school or university: he won a - to study Physics I she was awarded a- to help her complete her degree / I'm here on a hy someone who is shy feels nervous and uncomfortable around other people, particularly people they not know: she's quite quiet and - / he's painfully - (extremely shy)/he's very - with girls /I'm too - to go and talk to her /she gave a - smile step- step- is a prefix that you can add to words for family members to show you are related to someone through a second or a later marriage: my mum remarried last year and my -father is great /1 don't really get on with my -brother / a -daughter / her -son / his -mother / my-brother stubborn someone who is stubborn refuses to change their mind or to see anyone else's point of view: why you have to be so-? / he's got a personality sweet if someone is sweet, they are pleasant, kind and nice to other people: he's very - and affectionate / it was - ofyou to help / she's such a - little girl PAGES - activity an activity is something that you do, for example a sport or hobby: golf is the most popular free-time - in my country / the hotel offers a wide range of outdoor activities / there will be some organized group activities in the morning / he's involved in illegal activities backpacking backpacking is the activity of travelling around an area fora long time, carryingyour luggage in a bag on your back The person is a backpacker: / met him while I was - in Australia / I spent six months - round Asia / I'd love to go for a year / we stayed in a cheap little hostel for backpackers character your character is all the qualities you have that make you an individual The character of a place is all the qualities it has If you say that someone is a character,you mean that they are an interesting person: my brother and I have quite similar s / there's a nasty side to his - / the hotel has real - /shouting at her was very out of - for him (he doesn't usually things like that)/she's a very likeable common something that is common to different people is shared by them If people have things in common, they like some of the same kind of things: we've got a lot of - interests / it's knowledge that she's going to leave / it's for the good (for the benefit of everyone) / we have a lot in - / we don't have much in - / they have absolutely nothing in fall out if you fall out with someone,you have a big argument and stop talking to them The noun is a falling-out: we fell out over a girl I look - don't want to - with you about this / have those two fallen out or something? / we had a big falling-out a few years ago get into if you get into something, you become interested in it or involved in it: / always used to - trouble at school I he got very into politics a few years ago / he's started getting into drugs (taking drugs)/she's been getting intoyoga recently power if someone has power, they are able to control other people.The adjective is powerful: he remained in - for over 40years / there'll be a big - struggle now that the president is ill / I'll everything in my - to help (everything that I can do) / / don't have the - to make that decision / the king is a very powerful man VOCABULARY BUILDER 47 relations relations between countries and organizations are the connections between then and the way they behave towards each other: the two countries have managed to maintain good ~ since the end of the war/she's studying International - / they are trying to, improve between the two countries / we want to establish better-with our neighbours / this incident has damaged - between us touch if you are in touch with someone,you see them or talk to them regularly If you lose touch,you stop seeing them or talking to them, especially when they move to a different town: we keep in - via email / try and stay in - once the course finishes / we lost - after university / I'd love to get back in - with my old friends from school / are you two still in ~> via via something means through or using that thing: we keep in touch - email / the pictures are sent - satellite / we flew to Tokyo - Singapore PACES - come across if you come across something,you find it by accident The way somebody comes across is the way they seem to other people: / came across a great website /she came across some old photos in the cupboard / he comes across as quite shy distant if people or things are distant, they are not close to you or not closely related to you: he's only a - friend / a - relative / it all happened in the past (a long time ago) / it's just a - memory drift apart if two people drift apart, they gradually become less friendly or their relationship gradually ends: People - because they don't have enough in common / we slowly drifted apart over the years ego your ego is the opinion you have of your own value and importance Someone who is egotistical thinks they are very important Someone with a huge ego is an egomaniac: a young man with a huge - / the experience destroyed my - / if really boosted my - / making the film was all just an - trip for him (something he did to make himself feel important) / she's very egotistical / he's a complete egomaniac! harm harm is injury, damage or problems that you cause Harm is also a verb: one drink won't you any - / sometimes exercise can more-than good / don't worry-no - done / there's no asking /he would never harm his kids / this crisis could seriously harm the economy mixed if you have mixed feelings, you are unsure how you feel about something.Things that are mixed are partly good and partly bad: he's got -feelings about going to university /1 had very - emotions after seeing him again /she teaches a —ability class / the film got very - reviews / there was a reaction to the news paranoid if you are paranoid, you feel frightened of other people for no reason, and you believe they are trying to harm you.The noun is paranoia: it's fine -you're just being - / he's really - that someone is following him / there's a lot of paranoia about terrorism at the moment popular if someone is popular, most people like them: he's a very - teacher/he wants lots of people to come to his party so that he looks - /he's very with the fans / a - politician reservations if you have reservations about an idea, you are not completely sure that it is a good idea: he's got serious - about the plan /1 have a few minor - about her ideas / his colleagues expressed major - /I support the idea, but with some site a site is a place that is used for a special purpose A site on the Internet is a place where information is available or people can talk to each other: he works on a building - /a camp - /we visited the - of an ancient city /most of herfriends have joined social networking ~s on the Internet / my favourite webtrack down if you track down a person or a thing, you find them after a long and difficult search: there are websites that help you - people you went to school with / I'm trying to-a copy of the film on DVD / the police finally managed to track him down in Oman С Complete the sentences with the correct adjective from the list EXERCISES bright naughty PREPOSITIONS A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition I'm very close my sister Dissolve the sugar the lemon juice She's quite generous her money He's quite indulgent his grandchildren We've finished this phase the project He's quite shy girls He's popular his classmates I have some reservations his ideas W O R D FAMILIES be very indulgent an intense young man go backpacking be in power for ten years boost someone's ego against the war have great an act of great yourself look at someone with great a hostel for a leader a very man intense stubborn I like to win - I'm very Kidswhoare usually well in exams Those children behave so badly-they're really She never gets stressed - she's very He's very - he's always involved in deep conversations I love meeting new people - I'm very Don't be so -no one's following you I D Choose the correct phrasal verb He's dropped out of/grown out of all his clothes! She's always coming across /falling out with her friends He first got into / drifted apart politics when he was at university We dropped out of7 came across some old photos in the bottom of the wardrobe They slowly got into / drifted apart over the years I managed to track down/grow out of my cousin in Australia Е Complete each pair of sentences with one of the prefixes in the list great mixed half step COLLOCATIONS A Match the nouns to the verbs Look up the nouns if you need help goon a) an idiot drive like b) relations win c) a demonstration go d) a scholarship maintain good e) backpacking В Complete the collocations with nouns from the unit a popular free-time a y have a nasty side to your с r have a lot in с n keep in t h with someone boost someone's e о 48 OUTCOMES easy-going sociable He never changes his mind - he's incredibly A Complete the expressions with the correct form of the word in bold an affectionate child show a lot of an anti-war demonstration he's determined to succeed a generous offer competitive paranoid a) I was up very late last night, so now I'm -dead b) I -agree with you a) My mum has remarried, so now I've got a -father b) I've got a sister and two -brothers a) My -grandfather is 92 b) I've got a -aunt in Scotland a) It's difficult to teach a -ability class b) I've got feelings about moving to London VOCABULARY BUILDER 49 13 TRAVEL PACES - anxious if you are anxious, you are worried and nervous about something that might happen.The noun is anxiety: / get really - when I fly /1 always get - before exams / the silence was making me feel - / how you cope with anxiety? / it helps to share your anxieties with others bend a bend is the curved part in a road, river, etc Bend is also a verb.The past tense and past participle is bent If you bend something,you move it so that it is curved: when you're driving, you shouldn't overtake on a -/a sharp - in the road / be careful - this is a tight ~ / a ~ in the river / the road bends sharply to the right / can you bend your arm? / she bent down to pick up the coin bumpy if a journey is bumpy, it is uncomfortable because it is not smooth and the car or plane you are in moves up and down a lot The noun is bump A bump is a raised, uneven part on a surface: the road was really ~ /we had a very -fight / the car hit a bump in the road /1 got a nasty bump on my head where I hit it on the pavement calm down if you calm down,you become less excited, angry or upset If you calm someone down,you make them feel less excited, angry or upset: she got into a panic and wouldn't - / it took me a few minutes to- / take a deep breath and - /1 tried to calm him down /you need to calm yourself down a bit carriage in British English, a carriage is one of the separate sections of a train In American English, people say a car: they sat in a first-class - / a second-class - / a women-only check in if you check in at a hotel or an airport, you give your personal details and sign papers so that 50 OUTCOMES you can enter The noun is check-in: we'll go and at our hotelfirst/you can- online for yourflight / you have any bags to-? / there was a huge queue at the check-in desk / check-in time is after midday confiscate if you confiscate something from someone, you take it away from them as a punishment: the teacher ~d my mobile phone / the boat was ~d by the government / the police -d my passport crossing a crossing is a boat journey across a sea or river A crossing is also a place where you can cross something like a road or a border: we had a very smooth - / it was a rough - /we reached the border - late in the afternoon /the road was busy, so I looked for a pedestrian deck the deck of a boat is the outside part where you can walk A deck is also one of the different levels or areas on a boat, plane or bus: It was too windy to go out on - / they had to hide in a tiny space below - (in the part of the ship under the deck) / we sat on the top - of the bus / passengers aren't normally allowed on the flight - (the part of a plane where the pilot sits) desk a desk is a place in a large building such as a hotel or airport where you can get help and information:you can ask at the information - /we went straight to the check-in - / phone the help- / the reception ex-the prefix ex- is added to nouns to show what job or role someone used to have Your ex is someone who used to be your husband, wife, boyfriend or girlfriend: he didn't want to invite his —girlfriend / a group of—soldiers / the —president / he's an —smoker (he used to smoke) /she still keeps in touch with her ex go through if you go through a difficult or unpleasant time, you experience it If you go through a place, you pass through it on your way to another place: she's been through a very difficult time /1 don't want to - that again /he's going through a difficult phase / we have to - security before we can board the flight / we'll - Newcastle on our way to Scotland harbour a harbour is a sheltered area of sea near the land where boats can stop and people can get on and off: we'll be coming into the - soon /a pretty fishing - /a busy - / we walked along the - wall homeless if you are homeless, you have nowhere to live People who have nowhere to live are called the homeless, or homeless people The problem is homelessness: a lot of ex-soldiers end up - / the earthquake left thousands of people - / the town provides overnight accommodation for people / they are trying to raise money to help the- / homelessness is a growing problem in the cities land when a plane lands, it comes down to the ground.The noun is landing: we - at about WORD BUILDING: ADJECTIVES THAT END WITH -LESS We often add -less to nouns to make an adjective like homeless (from the noun home) It usually means'without something' careless: a mistake endless: there are - possibilities homeless: he ended up hopeless: it was a - situation painless: a fairly experience powerless: he felt completely sleepless: / had a night speechless: / was absolutely - with anger useless: a - machine worthless: a - piece of rubbish и o'clock / please return to your seats - we will be -ing shortly /1 get really anxious about flying especially at take-off and landing / it was a nice smooth landing line a railway line is track that trains travel along: the train had to stop because there was something on the - / it's a very fast - up to Edinburgh (the trains are fast)/it's a direct-from London to Birmingham (you don't have to change trains) overtake if you overtake a car when you are driving, you move in front of it The past tense is overtook and the past participle is overtaken: The taxi driver overtook another car on a tight bend / it's too dangerous to - here /1 didn't check my mirror before overtaking pick up if you pick someone up in a car, you go and collect them: I'll come and pick you up at the airport /1 have to pick the kids up from school security security is all the systems and actions that help to protect a place Security in an airport is the place where your bags and belongings are checked: it took us ages to go through - /he got stopped going through -/ there is now much tighter - at the airport / they plan to tighten further / - cameras / - guards set off when you set off, you begin a journey The past tense and past participle is set off: we - the next morning / In ig8i Mai Ho finally - with 160 friends, family and neighbours / we need to - early tomorrow smooth A smooth surface is not rough A smooth journey is calm, and the car, boat or plane you are in does not move about much Smooth can also mean without problems.The adverb is smoothly: we had a - crossing /it was a - flight / the road was - / the meeting went smoothly / the trains are running smoothly again (without problems) take off when a plane takes off, it leaves the ground The noun is take-off: we didn't - until o'clock / we took off about an hour late / we got to the airport an hour and a half before take-off terrifying if something is terrifying, it makes you feel extremely frightened If you are terrified, you feel extremely frightened: ft was a - experience / it was absolutely -/I'm terrified of snakes traffic lights traffic lights are coloured lights next to a road that control traffic and tell cars when they should stop: stop at the - / the - turned red as we drove up / turn left at the next set oftravel if you travel,you go from one place to another If you go travelling, you spend a long period of time going to lots of different places: they-led to Japan last month / he has to - a lot for work / I'd love to- the world /1 usually try and - light (with very few bags) /she spent a year -ling around India tyre a tyre is the ring of rubber on the wheel ofa car or a bicycle It is filled with air: it's a good idea to check the ~s before you set out / we got aflat - on the motorway / I've got a spare - in the back of the car / we had to change the ~s work out if you work something out, you understand it or find an answer to it by thinking about it: we tried to - how much food we would need / they're trying to - why the plane crashed /he's a strange guy - can't work him out at all PACES - bribe if you bribe someone,you offer them some money to persuade to something for you Bribe is also a noun: the teacher ~d the kids with sweets /he was accused of bribing government officials / we had to - the police to let us go /you could try offering him a - /he was accused of taking -s (accepting them) bureaucracy bureaucracy is a negative word for all the rules, systems and paperwork that organizations use The adjective is bureaucratic: the company is trying to reduce unnecessary - / there's a huge amount of - involved in keeping immigrants out / there's too much - / the whole system is very bureaucratic discrimination if there is discrimination, one person or group of people is treated unfairly The verb is discriminate The adjective is discriminatory: a lot of women still face sexual - (because of their sex) / they still suffer racial - (because of their colour or race) / a victim of religious - / critics say the new laws discriminate against women / they say the new laws are discriminatory emigrate if you emigrate, you leave your country and go and live in another one.The noun is emigration: people -for a wide variety of reasons / my uncle ~d to Canada / some people saw emigration as their only option VOCABULARY BUILDER 51 fence a fence is a wooden or metal structure that separates two pieces of land: they have built a high - to stop immigrants from entering the country / they climbed over the security ~ / put up a garden - / a - around the airport hypocritical if someone is hypocritical, they say that they have certain beliefs, but then behave in a way that goes against those beliefs.The person is called a hypocrite: she thinks that all politicians are - / it's so - of him to take that job, after all he's said /you're such a hypocrite! immigration immigration is the process in which people move into a country to live and work there Someone who does this is an immigrant: the government has introduced new restrictions on - / / handed my passport to the - official (someone who checks the people coming into a country) / the government wants to prevent illegal immigrants from getting in /the country welcomes immigrants interrogation an interrogation is the process of asking someone questions, often in an angry way, in order to get information.The verb is interrogate: / expected a long- /he was subjected to a police - / a senior officer conducted the - / he revealed everything under» / / was interrogated by the officer for hours persecution persecution is very bad and unfair treatment of a person or group of people, usually because of their sex, race, religion, etc The verb is persecute: he fears he will face - if he returns to his own country / they are trying to escape political - / victims of religious -/he was persecuted for being gay refugee a refugee is someone who has left their country because of war, a natural disaster etc: The ship's captain agreed to take the ~s to the safety of Malaysia / the war has created thousands of~s / the government has agreed to take in the ~s / a - camp restriction a restriction is a rule or action that controls or limits something.The verb is restrict: the government has introduced new ~s on immigration / they have imposed trade ~s on the country / it may be time to lift the ~s / there are parking ~s in the city centre / the new laws restrict freedom of the press set up if you set up something, you make the necessary preparations for it to start: he wants to his own business / I'm going to - my own website stamp if you stamp a document, you press a mark onto it with ink and a small patterned metal or wooden block This block is also called a stamp, and the mark on the paper is a stamp as well: they didn't - my passport /1 need to get my visa -ed / he ~ed the date on the application form /the document needs an official visa a visa is an official document that gives you permission to enter a country: she was finally given 52 OUTCOMES a - to go to Australia /1 need to sort out my - / have you applied for a -yet' / he was denied a-1 my - runs out soon uplifting if something is uplifting, it makes you feel happy and full of hope: it's an incredibly - story / an-film / a very - song PAGES - compensation compensation is money that you receive because something bad has happened to you: the victims of the crash are asking for -from the train company / he was awarded £50,000 - / they are stillfightingfor ~ / he wants - for his lost luggage filthy if something is filthy, it is extremely dirty: a ~ city / the room was absolutely - / that shirt is furious if you are furious, you are extremely angry: I'm absolutely - about them losing my luggage / they had a - argument light something that is light is not heavy: it's OKthe bag is only - / wear something - because it's going to be warm / there was some - rain in the afternoon / a - meal make up for if you make up for something bad,you something to make it better: he bought me flowers to -forgetting my birthday /when I was on the motorway I drove fast to - lost time pack when you pack,you put your things into a bag or suitcase so you can take them somewhere: / couldn't decide how many clothes to - /1 still have to - before we leave / he -ed his bags and left / have you -ed our passports? recharge if you recharge something electrical, you put more power into it: I forgot to - my mobile before I left /1 need to - the battery reserve if you reserve something,you arrange for it to be kept so that you can use it The adjective is reserved.The noun is reservation: I've -dseats on the train / I've ~d a room at a hotel / sorry that table is already reserved / I'd like to make a reservation, please set if you set a machine, you move the controls so that it will operate in the way you want it to: sorry I'm late - forgot to - my alarm clock / remember to - the timer silly if something is silly, it is childish or not serious: it was a really - mistake to make / tell the children to stop being soaked if you are soaked,you are extremely wet: take an umbrella or you'll get - / my clothes were absolutely - /we were - to the bone EXERCISES PREPOSITIONS Complete the sentences with the correct preposition Have you checked your hotel yet? It was sunny, so we went up deck We can ask the information desk We watched the boats coming the harbour It took about an hour to go security at the airport R Choose the correct preposition We stopped on /at the traffic lights She's travelling to/for Canada tomorrow They emigrated in / to Australia There are new restrictions in / on immigration We were furious with /about the delay W O R D FAMILIES A Complete the expressions with the correct form of the word in bold bumpy journey a on the pavement check in at the airport the desk the plane lands at six have a smooth a smooth crossing everything went a terrifying experience I was absolutely В Complete the sentences with the correct words from the words in brackets The government is worried about the amount of from the country, (emigrate) The police searched the lorry for illegal (immigration) They took me into a small room to me (interrogation) The government wants to the freedom of the press, (restriction) I'd like to make a at the hotel, please, (reserve) W O R D BUILDING A Complete the sentences with the correct adjective careless painless speechless It was just a mistake I couldn't say anything - was with surprise I've had a few nights recently It is a simple and operation This kettle doesn't work - it's ! COLLOCATIONS A Complete the collocations with the verbs in the list Look up the verbs if you need help overtake stamp pack travel reserve set a lorry on the motorway around Europe by train their passports when they come into the country your bags before you goon holiday a seat in the theatre your alarm clock for o'clock В Match the two halves of the collocations abend a) around the airport the top deck b)camp security c) in the road a fence d)of the bus a refugee e) cameras С Complete the collocations with nouns and adjectives from the unit the first-class c e a pedestrianc g turn left at the t с I s apply for a v _ _ a We were s d to the bone after being out in the rain There may be some I t rain this afternoon PHRASAL VERBS A Choose the correct word to complete the phrasal verb Just try and calm down /up What time we have to check up /in? I can pick you up/ off at the station We'll set off / up at about 10 o'clock tomorrow The plane takes up /off at in the evening I bought her some chocolates to make up with I for her disappointment useless VOCABULARY BUILDER 53 TECHNOLOGY PACES - AIDS AIDS is a disease that makes your body unable to fight other infections: he died of - / the epidemic in parts of Africa / deaths from - are increasing / he's got ASAP if you something ASAP, you it As Soon As Possible: Can you it ~> /I'll get back to you with an answer - / we need to sort this out attachment an attachment is a document you add to an email message The verb is attach: / got your email, but I can't open the - / I'll send it as an - 11 forgot to attach the file back-up if something is a back-up, it is an extra thing, person or idea which you can use if necessary The verb is back something up-.you should always make - copies of files /do we have a - plan? / the police officer called for - (extra people) / they've asked for more troops to back them up cable a cable is a thick wire that carries electricity or digital information: she tripped over a loose - /an electric - /an underground click if you click on something,you move your computer mouse to show that thing and then press the mouse: - on the icon at the top of the screen / right - (with the button on the right of the mouse) /double - on the file to open it connection a connection is a point where wires, pipes, etc, join The verb is connect: if the Internet isn't working, start by checking the - / there's a loose - / this machine isn't connected to the Internet delete if you delete something from your computer, you remove it The delete button is the button on a keyboard that you press to delete something: I ~d an important file by mistake /she read the message and then -d it / think carefully before you press the - button / simply select the file and press - 54 OUTCOMES difference if something makes a difference, it changes a situation and usually makes it better: the extra money will definitely make a-/ raising the minimum wage will make a huge - to people's lives /1 tried talking to her again, but it made no (didn't change the situation) display to display something means to show it clearly so that people can see it A display is a set of things arranged so that people can see them The display on a computer is what is shown on the screen: the program will - a drop-down menu/shops - their goods in their windows /the college always ~s the exam results on the noticeboard / there were some lovely works of art on display (arranged for people to see) / a nice display the shop window / we looked at the display on the screen external something that is external is on the outside or comes from outside an object, building, organization, etc.The opposite is internal.The adverb is externally: the computer has an - harddrive / the - walls of the house / this medicine is for - use only (you mustn't eat or drink it) / the managers decided to consult an - advisor (from outside the company) the project is externally financed file a file is a named document on the computer It is also a place where you can keep important papers: / deleted the - by accident / create a new - / a sharing website /1 keep a - of all my receipts good if something is no good, it is not useful or has no success: this old computer's no good now / it's no good asking Mark - he doesn't know anything about computers /1 tried saving the file again, but that didn't any good (wasn't successful) icon an icon is a little picture on a computer screen: click on the printer - /the message - on my phone was showing that I had a new message keyboard a computer keyboard is the part you use to write on the computer Each letter or number is a key that you press: be careful not to spill coffee over the - I get a new - /you will need good -skills/ press the delete key log if you log on to a computer or website, you write a name or password to start using it.The opposite is log off: / can't - on to the network / you need a password to - on /1 -ged off at o'clock major something that is major is very big, serious or important: we have a - problem / this is becoming a - issue / he had a - operation on his heart / fund a - project / the gallery is putting on a - new exhibition microphone a microphone, or mike, is something you speak into to record your voice or make it sound louder: plug the - in to the computer / he used a to make himself heard / please speak into the - / turn the - off network a network is a group of computers, machines or people which are connected To network computers means to connect them together When people network, they meet new people and make new contacts: / logged on to the - / the - 'sdown at the moment (not working) / he has a good - of friends / there are plans to network all the computers /you should get out and network more plug a plug is the part ofa machine that you put into a wall or another machine to connect it The verb is plug it in: put the - into the socket /is the computer plugged in? / plug your MPs player into the computer scan if you scan something, you use a machine (called a scanner) to create a picture of it on a screen Scan is also a noun:you can - the pictures onto your computer / put the documents in the scanner / they did a - of his brain to check for problems socket a socket is a hole in the wall or in a machine where you can put a plug: there's a - on the wall / make sure you plug the keyboard into the right spill if you spill a liquid or powder, you make it fall out of its container by accident: mind you don't coffee over the keyboard / he -ed sugar all over the table / I've -ed some wine on your carpet trip if you trip, your foot hits something by accident and you fall or lose your balance: / -ped over the cable /he -ped and fell I she -ped down the stairs PACES 0 - bitter a bitter argument or fight is very angry: they had a - argument / a - fight with his family /a dispute boom if something is booming, it is increasing and very successful Boom is also a noun: the property market is -ing / business is -ing at the moment/ tourism has -ed in recent years / there's been a huge - in exports creator the creator of something is the person who made or created it: the - of the first personal computer / the - of the website/ he was the car's decline if there is a decline in something, it decreases in amount or becomes less successful Decline is also a verb.The adjective is declining: the housing market is in - / there has been a - in standards in schools / student numbers have ~d / his popularity is declining / he can't go out now because of his declining health destination your destination is the place you are going to: we finally arrived at our - / they never reached their - / it's a popular holiday - -friendly we add -friendly to a noun to show that something is easy or good for a particular person or thing: all our products are environmentally-(they don't harm the environment) /the website is user— (easy for people to use) / a child-restaurant (willing to accept children) gossip gossip is informal information about other people's private lives If you gossip, you talk about other people's private lives: he told me all the latest - / have you got any ~? /1 never pay attention to- / they seem to spend their time -ing about the boss inferior something that is inferior is not of very good quality.The opposite is superior: it's an - product / this model is - to the older one (not as good as it) / he feels - to them revealto reveal information means to make it known to people, especially when it had been hidden or secret: a look at the history books -s the names of many old inventions /he promised he would never her secret /the documentary -s the truth about the drug trade revival if there is a revival, something becomes popular or successful again after a period of time when it was unpopular or unsuccessful.The verb is revive: the product is enjoying a - / music from the 1980s is having a bit of a-1 there has been a - of interest in home cooking / the success of the team has revived interest in the sport saturated if a market is saturated, it is completely full of products If something is saturated, it is extremely wet: the market is already - / the market has been - with cheap imports /he was - in sweat / my clothes were short-lived if something is short-lived, it only exists or lasts for a short time: their success was - / the government was technological something technological uses machines and is based on science and modern knowledge.The noun is technology: therehas been a lot of- innovation in the last ten years/great advances / they are confident they will find a solution to the problem / this is one of the benefits of modern technology PACES - allow if a thing allows you to something, it makes it possible for you to it: the machine ~s you to make copies of documents / the service -s customers to access their Internet account from any computer / the money will - the organization to buy new equipment automatically if a machine does something automatically, it has no human help If a person does something automatically, they it VOCABULARY BUILDER 55 immediately, without needing to think about it The adjective is automatic: the machine does it all - / the system shuts down ~ / it adjusts the temperature -/1 - put my hand in front of my eyes / he asked me for help and I ~ said yes / the automatic doors opened bulb a bulb, or light bulb, is the glass object that you put in a lamp or light: we use energy-efficient lights / the -'s gone (it is broken) /you need to change the - /put a new - in /a 6o-watt ceiling the ceiling is the top surface in a room: the room has a low ~ / a high ~ / a -fan / hang something from the cool something that is cool is fashionable and attractive: their new phone looks - / she's very - / he was wearing a really - T-shirt efficient if a person or thing is efficient, they a job well, without wasting time or energy.The noun is efficiency The opposite is inefficient: the newer machines are more energy— (they use less energy) / the car's veryfuel— / it's not a very - way of doing it / make ~ use of resources / the admin staff are highly - / the department needs to improve its efficiency fan a fan is a machine that makes air move so that a place is cooler, hotter or less smelly: he turned on the ceiling - /turn offthe- /an electric -/an extractor (to take old air out of a room) /a - heater COMPOUND NOUNS We often put two nouns together in English, for example ceiling fan The first noun is like an adjective - it describes the second noun.The first noun is never plural - ceiling fans but never ceilings fan Look at these other compound nouns an AIDS epidemic /a flu epidemic admin staff / teaching staff cableTV / closed-circuit TV a telephone company / a car company a computer display / a window display the printer icon / the paste icon keyboard skills / people skills a brain scanner / a computer scanner format a format is the design or type of technology which is used to keep information Format is also a yerb-.you can change videos into different -s / what is the file in? /1 tried to change the - of the file / it's important to - the document correctly gadget a gadget is a small machine or device which helps you something useful: a - for opening cans / a clever kitchen - / he loves all the latest ~s overnight if something happens overnight, it happens from one night until the next morning: you shouldn't leave machines on standby - / would you like to stay -? / take the - train / the film was an - success (very quick) panel a panel of material is a large flat piece of it: a of wood / the water is heated by solar -s (panels of material that make energy from sunlight) /fit solar -s on the roof plant if you plant something,you put it in the ground so that it will grow: - a tree in the garden / they -ed flowers in the front garden / the thought someone might have -eda bomb (hidden it in a place) run we use run off or run on to say what type of energy a machine uses: a radio that -s off solar power /its on batteries / most cars - on petrol / some cars - off electricity solar solar means connected to the sun: - power / panels / - energy /the biggest planet in thesystem standby if a machine or person is on standby, they are not being used, but are waiting and prepared to be used When machines are on standby, they often have a little red light: / always leave my computer on- / the police are on - in case they are needed / the hospital has a - generator (for producing electricity) straightforward if something is straightforward, it is simple and easy: the photocopier is very - to use / applying for a passport is a - process / he gave instructions / it's a - question subsidise if the government subsidises something, it provides some of the money for it so that it is cheaper for people to buy or use The noun is subsidy: the transport system is ~d by the government / the EU -s farmers / they want to increase government subsidies to industry switch if you switch something off or on,you press a switch to start or stop the electricity: - the light on / the computer -es itself off / - off your mobile phone / Where's the light ~? EXERCISES PREPOSITIONS A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition There has been a decline standards Click the'save'icon I tried to log to the network Plug the computer the socket I scanned the photos my computer She tripped a cable You shouldn't leave your computer standby В Choose the correct preposition I spilled orange juice in/overthe keyboard He was the original creator of /from this program I'll send the document as/for an attachment The new model is inferior to / of the old one It's a useful gadget to I for opening bottles His car runs with/on electricity W O R D FAMILIES A Complete the expressions with the correct form of the word in bold a loose connection the printer to the computer a revival of interest it might in his films interest in the sport a lot of technological the benefits of innovation modern the doors open an door automatically an efficient heating we must improve system the government increase government subsidises farming to industry В Which TWO words in the list are NOT both a noun and verb? boom decline display format gossip icon network scan socket switch W O R D BUILDING the admin good keyboard a window the printer c) epidemic d) scanner e) skills f) staff COLLOCATIONS A Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list Look up the verbs if you need help • allow delete display plant reveal switch Be careful you don't an important file by mistake They usually the exam dates on the notice board He promised he wouldn't her secret The system you to store a lot of information We decided to a tree in the back garden Don't forget to the computer off when you've finished В Match the two halves of the collocations Look up the nouns (a-f) if you need help make a a) destination die of b) panel to the roof use a c) difference reach your d)AIDS change the e) microphone to make yourself heard fit a solar f) light bulb С Complete the missing adjectives Fix the aerial to an e lwallofthe house That old computer's n o g _ _ d now His success didn't last long - it was quite s t -1 d The market is already s _ dwith products I love your T-shirt - it's really с II There's room if you want to stay о _ t It's not difficult - in fact it's quite s f d They had a b r argument about the money The website is quite user-f_ _ y A Match the two halves of the compound nouns an AIDS a) display a brain b) icon 56 OUTCOMES VOCABULARY BUILDER 57 INJURIES AND ILLNESS PACES - adverse adverse effects or conditions are bad or harmful.The adverb is adversely: he had an reaction to the drug / the flight was cancelled because of - weather conditions I the industry has been adversely affected by the poor economy antibiotics antibiotics are drugs that are given to people to cure infections and to kill bacteria: the infection should clear up with - / the doctor prescribed a course of - / I'm on - at the moment I I'm taking - for my chest infection blood pressure your blood pressure is the force with which your blood moves around your body:youVe got very high - / the doctor took my - (measured it) / / need to lower my - / she suffers from lowchest your chest is the upper front part of your body, between your stomach and your neck: I've got a infection / I've been having pains in my- / my -felt really tight and I could hardly breathe consciousness consciousness is the condition of being awake and being aware of what is happening around you The adjective is conscious The opposite is unconscious: he lost - / she finally regained - two hours later /he was drifting in and out of - / he was fully conscious during the operation /she was knocked unconscious when shefell cough if you cough,you force air out of your throat with a short, loud noise Cough is also a noun: the smoke was making me - I he's -ing a lot at night /1 couldn't stop - ing / I've had a nasty -for weeks /a smoker's - / have you got anything for a ~? diarrhoea if you have diarrhoea, a lot of liquid waste comes out of your bottom because you are ill: have you had any - at all? /1 had awful - after that meal / the food gave me an attack of- 58 OUTCOMES dizzy if you feel dizzy, you feel as if you are losing your balance and are going to fall over.The noun is dizziness: It was really hot on the underground and I felt - and then I just fainted / have you had any dizziness at all? infection if you have an infection, there is a bacteria or virus in part of your body that is making you ill You can also say that a part of your body is infected Diseases can be infectious if they can move from one person to another.The verb is infect: / had a nasty chest - /an ear - / a viral - / have you come into contact with an infected person? /he is infected with HIV/a highly infectious disease / it's important not to infect other people itchy if a part of your body is itchy, you feel as if you want to scratch it.The noun is itchiness.The verb is itch: a really - rash /1 feel - all over / I'll give you some cream for the itchiness /1 know it itches but don't scratch it medication a medication is a drug that you take to cure an illness: the main side effect of the - is that it makes you feel sleepy / the doctor recommended trying a different - /1 don't want to take - / a re you on any - at all? nasty if something is nasty, it is bad and unpleasant: I've got a - cough / I've developed this - rash on my hand /1 hit my head and got a - cut / he picked up a - viral infection when he was on holiday painkillers painkillers are drugs which reduce or remove physical pain: the doctor gave me some - / I need some stronger - / take a couple ofrash a rash is an area of red spots that you get on your skin if you are allergic to something or if you are ill: I've got a - on my legs /I've developed a nasty - /an allergic - / when I'm stressed, I come out in a reaction if you suffer a reaction to a drug or a type of food, it affects you in a bad way.The verb is react: have you ever had any ~s to any drugs? / she had an allergic - to the prawns/she suffered an adverse - to the treatment / some patients react badly to the medication sneeze when you sneeze, you blow air out of your nose with a loud sound When you sneeze, other people often say bless you: the dust was making me- / he starts sneezing as soon as he goes near a cat /1 think I'm going to sprain if you sprain a joint in your body, you hurt it byturning it too much.The adjective is sprained: / think I've -ed my ankle / I've -ed my wrist / he's -ed his knee / it's probably just -ed but you should have it X-rayed swollen (up) if a part of your body is swollen (up), it is bigger than usual because of an injury or illness The verb is swell (up).The noun is swelling: his knee was painful and - / the joints in her hands are really - / my arm had swollen up from the bee sting /put some ice on it to reduce the swelling symptoms symptoms are the signs you notice in your body that show you have an illness: apart from a headache, doyou have any other ~? / the - ofa cold include coughing and sneezing / I'd been ignoring the-for ages vomit vomit is a more formal, medical word for be sick or throw up When you vomit, food and drink comes back up from your stomach and leaves your mouth Vomit is also a noun: have you -edat all? / he was -ing up blood / the smell made me want to - /he was lying in a pool of - PACES - acne acne is a skin condition which causes a lot of bad spots on your face It particularly affects teenagers: washing too much can make - worse / I used to have terrible - as a teenager / she suffers from -1 my - eventually cleared up addictive if something is addictive, you cannot stop taking it or doing it once you start You become addicted (to it) The person who is addicted is an addict: coffee is very - /a highly - drug /some computer games are - / he's completely addicted to chocolate / he became a heroin addict arthritis arthritis is a medical condition in which the joints in your body swell up and become painful: my grandma's got - / he suffers from severe - / new drugs to treat attack to attack a person or a place mea ns to try to hurt or damage them by using violence Attack is also a noun: the dog suddenly-ed me and bit my leg / the virus ~s the brain / a violent racist - / the soldiers came under - /she suffered an - of nerves childhood your childhood is the time when you are a child: о poor diet in - can lead to problems in later life / I've got very happy memories of my - /she had a difficult cholesterol cholesterol is a fatty substance in your blood If you have too much,you might have a heart attack: try to eat foods which are low in - / there is a definite link between - and heart disease / he's got high - / drugs to reduce - in the blood condition a medical condition is a long-term illness or health problem: she's got some kind of medical - / he's got a genetic - / she was born with a serious heart crack if you crack the joints in your hands, you pull or bend your fingers so that they make a loud sound: -ing the joints in your fingers can cause arthritis / don't - your fingers - it's horrible! cure to cure someone, or cure their disease or illness, means to make them better Cure is also a noun A disease that is incurable cannot be cured: he's now completely ~d of the disease / there's no -for the common cold / scientists are still looking for a - for AIDS / he's got an incurable medical condition disease a disease is an illness that affects people or animals Diseases are often caused by infections: the - is caused by a virus / he's got heart - /an incurable - / a fatal - (causing death)/sexually transmitted -s factor a factor is one of the things that has an effect on an event or situation: -s such as smoking and high blood pressure can lead to heart attacks / a person's weight is one of the major -s fluids fluids are liquids that you drink.This is a formal, medical word: go to bed and drink lots of - / the doctor put me on - for two days (drinks, but no food) genetic if a disease or medical condition is genetic, it is connected to someone's genes - the parts of a cell that control physical growth, development, etc: He's got a - condition /a - defect / they may be able to treat the disease with - engineering insomnia if you suffer from insomnia,you find it hard to sleep: she suffers from terrible - / the medication just made my - worse irritable if a person is irritable, they become angry or annoyed very easily.The noun is irritability.The verb is irritate: She gets very - sometimes / if you stop drinking coffee,you can suffer withdrawal symptoms such as headaches and irritability /the cream irritated my skin (made it painful) joints your joints are the parts of your body where two bones meet and can move together,for exam pie your knee: the - in her wrists are very swollen / don't crack your - /1 sometimes get terrible pains in my malaria malaria is a tropical disease that is spread by mosquitoes: he caught - / mosquitoes spread - / is carried by mosquitoes / the doctor is treating him for - / new anti drugs speed up if something speeds up, or if you speed it up, it moves or happens more quickly: coffee makes your body - / what can I to - my computer? / we're trying to - the application process stimulant a stimulant is a drug that makes your heart beat faster and stops you feeling tired: coffee is a - / the drug acts as a mild - /you should try to avoid -s swallow when you swallow something, it moves from your mouth into your stomachyou shouldn't - chewing gum /1 can't - this pill / it hurts when I - / she -ed a chicken bone by accident virus a virus is a very small living thing that can enter your body and cause a disease A computer virus is a program that can enter your computer and destroy information.The adjective is viral: colds are caused Ьу-es/ he picked up a nasty - / I've been off work all week with a - / try not to pass the - on to other people / the email contained a - /a viral infection VOCABULARY BUILDER 59 withdrawal withdrawal is the process of stopping something, removing something or taking something away: People who suddenly stop drinking coffee may suffer ~ symptoms like headaches /1 need to make a - from my bank account (take money out) / the gradual - of soldiers from the area PACES - bite if you bite something, you use your teeth to cut into it or make a hole in it.The past tense is bit The past participle is bitten Bite is also a noun: a dog bit me on the leg /don't - your nails /1 was bitten by a snake /1 woke up covered in mosquito -s / he had a nasty - on his leg bruise a bruise is a dark mark you get on your body if you are hit Bruise is also a verb The adjective is bruised: he had quite a few cuts and ~s / she had a nasty - on her face /1 fell and -d my leg / a badlybruised arm faint if you faint,you suddenly become unconscious for a short period of time: I felt dizzy and just -ed / lots of people -ed in the heat /1 was so hungry I nearly -ed fall off if you fall off something, you drop off it by accident: I fell off my bike and hurt myself / he fell ofa horse and broke his shoulder /1 fell off a ladder PREPOSITIONS A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition I've got a rash my neck You've got all the symptoms a cold I've got a pain my chest The joints his hand are very painful A snake bit me the ankle W O R D FAMILIES Complete the expressions with the correct form of the word in bold she lost consciousness he was during the operation I feel dizzy a feeling of the disease is highly his knee was swollen put ice on it to reduce the some diseases are it can cause a infection a badlyface he's got a bruise on his arm If you slip or trip, you might fall over: / slipped on the ice and fell over /1 was running and I tripped and fell over You fall off something you are standing on or riding: she fell off a motorbike and was lucky to survive a chest infection doctors can cure the disease sometimes she's very irritable she's got a virus PHRASAL VERBS WITH 'FALL' You fall down the stairs: / slipped and fell down the stairs and broke my leg I felt really sick and thought I was going to EXERCISES sting if an insect stings you, it sticks a sharp part of its body into you and hurts you The past tense and the past participle is stung Sting is also a noun: This bee stung me on the arm and my whole arm swelled up / / got stung by a bee /1 had a painful on my arm / a nasty sunburn if you have sunburn,your skin is red and painful because you have stayed in the sun for too long The adjective is sunburnt: / spent the whole day on the beach and ended up with terrible - / take these simple precautions to prevent - / creams for treating - / put some suncream on or you 'II get sunburnt suntan if you have a suntan, or a tan, your skin looks healthy and is a nice, dark colour because of the time you have spent in the sun The adjective is tanned: I'm determined to get a good - this summer /put some - lotion on / she came back from holiday with a deep tan / she looked tanned and healthy survive if you survive an accident or a dangerous situation, you not die.The noun is survivor: she was incredibly lucky to - the crash / he's -d three heart attacks so far / there were no survivors from the plane crash / they are still looking for survivors crack cure sprain survive swallow your ankle the plane crash your joints illnesses the pills your nails attack cough faint sneeze sting vomit People often say 'bless you' when someone The smoke from the fire was making me 60 OUTCOMES She's got a serious heart is carried by mosquitoes Coffee is a I'm determined to get a decent this summer AIDS is caused by a If you stay in the sun too long, you'll end up with F Complete the missing adjectives a _ e weather conditions g ^engineering a highly a edrug a very i у rash В Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the list j D Complete the collocations with nouns from the unit The food gave me d a Takesomep_ s if you've got a headache She's got a nasty r h on her arms Some teenagers get terrible a e A lot of older people suffer from a _s in their joints She had a very happy с d He has to take drugs to reduce his с I malaria condition stimulant sunburn suntan virus A Complete the collocations with the verbs in the list bite С Match the two halves of the collocations Look up the nouns (a-f) if you need help prescribe a course of a) fluids have high b) antibiotics have an ear c) reaction have an allergic d) withdrawal symptoms drink lots of e) infection suffer f) blood pressure E Complete the sentences with the correct noun COLLOCATIONS J Wasps won't you unless you make them angry I thought I was going to with the heat I was worried the dogs might us PHRASAL VERBS A Choose the correct word to complete the phrasal verb She fell off/ over in the street He fell off/ down his motorbike I fell over /down the stairs Some drugs make your body speed up/down VOCABULARY BUILDER 61 NEWS AND EVENTS PACES 1 - 1 affair if someone has an affair, they have a sexual relationship with a person who is not their wife or husband: she found out her husband was having an - /he had an - with his secretary attacker an attacker is a criminal who uses violence to hurt someone.The verb is Mack: he didn't know his - (the person who attacked him)/she was able to identify her - / he gave a description of the - / did you see who attacked your back together when something is back together, it is joined again after it was broken If people are back together, they are in a relationship again after they were separated: / took the TV apart, then couldn't get it- /I managed to glue it - / did you hear that lay and Selma are -? / they've split up, but they may get VERBS TO DESCRIBE HOW TO ATTACH THINGS We often make verbs from the names of things we use to attach things together For example, we glue things back together In the same way, we can nail things to a wall, staple or clip pieces of paper together - and sellotape (or just tape) things together ceasefire if there is a ceasefire, the two sides in a war agree to stop fighting for a period of time: the two sides have agreed a - / they are calling for an immediate - / they are trying to negotiate a ~ / it's not clear which side broke the - / the -has ended close down when a business closes down, it closes forever: the shop might have to - / a lot of people 62 OUTCOMES were made unemployed when the factory closed down / the shop's having a closing-down sale exchange exchange is the buying and selling of foreign money The exchange rate is the price of foreign money: what's the - rate for dollars at the moment? / the - has gone down horoscope a horoscope is a prediction of the future based on the month or year you were born in: / always read the -s in the newspaper/a daily - /do you believe in ~s? / what does my - say? midfielder a midfielder is someone whose position in a football team is mainly in the middle of the pitch, the midfield:o brilliant young -/one of the best -s around /he managed to dominate the midfield pass away if someone has passed away, they have died Pass away is a more formal and polite way of saying die: did you see in the paper that Sven Larstrom passed away? / my grandmother passed away last year / he passed away in his sleep premiere a premiere is the first time a play, film or show is shown to people: hundreds of celebrities will attend the - / the - of a new film / go to the - of the latest Hollywood film / be invited to the redundant if someone is made redundant, they have to leave their job because the company is changing or is having economic problems.The noun is redundancy: 5,000 people will be made - / I was made - when the factory closed down / 500 workers are now facing redundancy review a review in a newspaper is a comment about how good a new book, film, show, etc, is: the film has had great -s / the show got terrible ~s I mixed -s (some good, some bad) / / always read the pages / the - said it's amazing ridiculous something that is ridiculous is crazy, unreasonable or looks silly The adverb is ridiculously: That's -I / she spends a - amount of money on clothes / it was a - waste of time / she was wearing a - outfit / it was ridiculously expensive sign if you sign someone,you make a legal written agreement to give them work: Manchester United have -ed a new striker / they've -ed three new players / one of the big music companies wants to them stab to stab someone means to put a knife or another sharp object into their body: He was -bed 15 times and left to die/she was -bed to death / he was -bed in the neck / she -bed a fork into my hand star sign a star sign is one of 12 characters associated with the month you were born (Pisces, Capricorn, Leo, etc) Some people believe they determine your character and future: what - are you? / let me guess your - / our -s don't match / my - is Aries PACES 1 - activist an activist is someone who does things to try and change political or social policy, often as part of an organization: a human rights - who campaigned for the rights of black people / a gay rights - / trade unions -s athlete an athlete is someone who is very fit and takes part in competitive sport, especially athletics (running,jumping and throwing).The adjective is athletic: He's the greatest - of all time / the country's top ~s / she belongs to an athletics club / he's very athletic (fit and strong) charity a charity is an organization which does not make a profit It collects money to help people or to provide information: He set up a - to help poor children / we're raising money for - /the company donates a lot of money to composer a composer is someone who writes music, especially classical music The verb is compose: a who wrote piano music / one of the greatest living -s / he composed his first symphony when he was only 13 consider if you consider something,you think about it carefully before making a decision If something is considered (to be) the best, etc, then lots of different people have that opinion: Euclid is -ed the father of geometry / it is widely -ed to be his best film / I'm still -ing the offer / it's not -ed polite to talk with your mouth full dictator a dictator is a leader ofa country who was not elected by the people and often uses violence or strict laws to control the people A country ruled by a dictator or a system where a dictator rules is called a dictatorship: Pol Pot was a - in Cambodia / they left the country during the dictatorship / millions of people all over the world live under dictatorships founder the founder of an organization is the person who first started it.The verb is found: the - of the Turkish republic / the - of the company / the city was founded in the tenth century / the newspaper was founded in 1864 grant a grant is an amount of money that a government or organization gives someone to help them something: the scheme provides ~s to teachers to pay for training / he applied for a - / she got a research - / he was awarded a - to study abroad / a home improvement influential an idea or a person that is influential changes other people's thinking or way of doing things.The verb and noun is influence: his ideas were very - / a highly - actor / he was strongly influenced by hip-hop music / my parents had a huge influence on my life liberation liberation is when a person or a country is made free The verb is liberate: the country is still fighting for - /he was part of the - struggles in Brazil / the women's - movement / soldiers moved in to liberate the city from the occupying army / they are trying to liberate the country from a dictator mathematician a mathematician is someone who teaches or studies mathematics, or maths: a famous - / he's a brilliant memorabilia memorabilia is objects from the past which people collect to remind them of a particular person or time: the bar is decorated with - from the 1960s / she collects Elvis - /an auction of pop military something which is military is connected to the army The military is a country's armed forces: a - leader / they have to compulsory service /the government should take - action / a dictatorship /he served in the -for20years name after if you name something after a person, you give it the same name in order to remind you of the person or show respect: they named the metro station after Eddy Merckx / the street is named after the country's first leader / I'm named after my grandfather radiation radiation is the form of energy that is sent out from nuclear reactions, and from substances such as uranium.The adjective is radioactive: Marie Curie studied - / some of the workers were exposed to- / they got - sickness / a highly radioactive substance radical things which are radical are extreme or involve a big change in the way something is done: some of his ideas are very - /a - solution to the problem / - left-wing politics /a- preacher in a church record a record is the best time, distance, number, etc, that a person or group has ever achieved when doing something: he set a new world-for the 100 metres /she broke the world - / who currently holds the world right a right is somethingyou are allowed to by society or by the law: trie struggle for human -s (rights that all people should have) /they campaign for the -s of immigrants /the women's ~s movement /you'vegot no - to say that scheme a scheme is a plan or programme of action by an organization to help people somethings government - to help unemployed peoplefindjobs / go on a training - I join the company pension unify to unify a country or group means to join separate parts of it together The adjective is unified: he was a military leader who helped Italy / - the different groups / a unified approach to the problem (with everyone working together) vaccine a vaccine is a kind of medicine you take so you not get a disease in the future.The verb is vaccinate: they are hoping to develop a - against VOCABULARY BUILDER 63 malaria / a safe and effective ~ /the polio - /you can be vaccinated against flu work a work is a painting, book, sculpture, etc, by an artist: Shakespeare's most famous - is King Lear / the gallery exhibits ~s by local artists / the complete ~s of Nietzsche PAGES 1 - barriera barrier is something physical or mental that stops people going somewhere or doing something: they put a - across the road / a security - / physical disability is no -to a successful career / they want to break down cultural ~s befriend if you befriend someone,you become their friend and treat them in a kind way: they ~ed an elderly widow / he ~ed me on my first day at work bravery bravery is a quality which means you can dangerous things or suffer pain without showing fear or showing that you are hurt The adjective is brave: going back to rescue the children was an act of great - / he won an award for - / it was a very brave decision /you're brave! contestant a contestant is someone who competes in a game, quiz or competitions - on a reality TV show /one of the -s won f i million /the -s on a talent show courage courage is the ability to somethingyou think is right even if it is dangerous to The adjective is courageous: he was widely praised for his - / it took real - to stand up and tell the truth /1 finally plucked up courage (found enough courage) to talk to her / it was a very courageous thing to elderly someone who is elderly is old Elderly is a polite way of saying old The elderly are people who are old: an - widow / my father's quite - now / the problems that are faced by the forward if you forward something to someone, you send it to them after it has been sent to you: I'll the email from head office to you /can you - me the link for the website? / please - any post to my new address hit if a song, film of book is a hit, it is very successful and makesa lot of money: he had a few big hits in the igSos / a number one - / their first CD was a massive physical something that is physical is connected to your body rather than your mind: he has a - disability / there was a strong - attraction between them / building roads is hard - work / a - punishment praise if you praise someone or something,you say ' how good you think they are Praise is often used in the passive Praise is also a noun: he was widely -dfor his courage / the book was ~d by the critics / he was full of praise for our work repay if you repay someone, you give back money that they gave you, or you something to thank them for something they did for you: the money must be repaid in full / he can't afford to - his debts / I hope that one day we can -your kindness /how can I ever-you? talent show a talent show is a competition on TV in which people perform in some way and judges or the public decide who is the best: he became famous when he won a TV - / a popular - / she appeared on a - / a contestant on a - / one of the judges on a tune a tune is a series of musical notes which are pleasant to listen to A tune is also a song Tune is also a verb: she can play a few simple -s on the piano / my favourite - on the CD / she can t sing in - (with the correct notes) / / hate listening to outof— singing (with the wrong notes) / will you help me - my guitar? version a version of something is a form of it which is different from other forms: which - of the song you like best? / his ~s of well-known songs are very popular /1 prefer the original - /a simplified of the story will a will is a legal document which says who should receive someone's money and property when they die: my aunt left me a house in her - / it's important to make a - (write and sign one)/she threatened to change her - so that I would get nothing EXERCISES PREPOSITIONS A Complete the sentences with the correct preposition She was stabbed three times the chest He was one of the founders the company Scientists are hoping to develop a vaccine AIDS We went to see an exhibition of works local artists Police have put a barrier the road She's applied to be a contestant a TV talent show I'll forward the email you Everyone praised him his achievements I prefer the original version the song 10 My grandfather left me some money his will W O R D FAMILIES A Complete the expressions with the correct form of the word in bold recognise your they threatened to attacker a brilliant midfielder play in the a ridiculous idea they're expensive the country's top he's very athletes to music a great composer the country is a They are planning to several new players for the team The crisis could the country Two men attacked him and him to death She me when I first moved here How can I you for all your kindness? В Match the two halves of the collocations Look up the nouns (a-h) if you need help call for an immediate a) charity read your b) memorabilia attend the c) ceasefire donate money to d) grant apply for a research e) horoscope collect pop f) premiere of a film be exposed to g) record break a world h) radiation С Complete the collocations with nouns from the unit play a t e on the piano appearonat t s w pluckupc e to talk to him have a number one h _ _ join the company pension s e campaign for human r s D Complete the sentences with the adjectives in the list back together physical elderly radical military redundant ,i dictator В Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets My teachers had a huge опту life, (influential) They are fighting to the country (liberation) This is a highly substance (radiation) Most children are now against the disease, (vaccine) That was a very thing to (courage) My grandfather is very now, so he doesn't go out much They keep splitting up then getting again Five hundred workers at the factory have been made He's got some very ideas The school doesn't believe in punishment Alh8 year olds have to service PHRASAL VERBS COLLOCATIONS A Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the list befriend 64 OUTCOMES repay sign stab unify A Choose the correct words to complete the phrasal verbs The factory may have to close up / down My grandmother passed away /over last year I was named/or/after my uncle VOCABULARY BUILDER 65 M Y FIRST C L A S S 02 FEELINGS 03 TIME OFF INTERESTS W O R K I N G LIFE PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITIONS A A l 10 11 A 11 A A В from of into of against with on with for WORD FAMILIES A manage availability fluently improvement motivate reliable В remind, policy COLLOCATIONS A в pick up get by dub provide review improve d a f с b e PHRASAL VERBS A get by deal with picks things up rushed out rely on run out sort out PATTERNS A working to give to deal with trying to knit waiting at about with with against in about from in to in, from WORD FAMILIES A disappointed, disappointment confused, confusion bored, boredom pleased, pleasure exhausted,exhaustion COLLOCATIONS A В С relationship relief speech mark helpline campaign skills accommodation make launch make get give solve upset isolated handsome successful exciting PHRASAL VERBS A up down up up PATTERNS A to break going to arrive to hear to be working in between in to in 10 in to in down on for WORD FAMILIES A l 10 11 decorations guided located miners pray ruined entitles chill confirmation humidity stormy WORD-BUILDING A retake repaint rebuild resell remarried rewrite COLLOCATIONS A В С D E с e a f b d mine temple forecast location damage nightmare reopened rejected blew reached spoiled с d b e a fall come send open make PHRASAL VERBS A 66 OUTCOMES rip off pour down warm up clear up turn out in at at about in of in from WORD FAMILIES A defender shot fitness injured slippery strength training challenging В kick, score, bat, bully WORD-BUILDING A unreliable unable uncomfortable unfair unusual unfit COLLOCATIONS A В С D с d a b scored pulled train download set suits persuaded attend keep reach build up have complicated rubbish straight big-headed stiff bloody PREPOSITIONS in with on of in for for of A С in at in to for to with at deliver responsible train variety performer risky insecurity competition support recruitment reward photocopier accountant civil servant engineer researcher COLLOCATIONS A в perform expose handle preserve slam swear b с d a get get give fill in carry earn D cramped, supportive PATTERNS A to work designing cleaning to be losing in of of in В on in for on WORD FAMILIES WORD FAMILI A l В 06 GOING SHOPPING A storage unevenly overdrawn trend label, fake, queue WORD-BUILDING A fashion danger date university COLLOCATIONS A В С D last match store upgrade fit heels label mall top diet made went eat have wait b с a d e PHRASAL VERBS A hang up shop around hang around queue up 07 SCHOOL AND STUDYING PREPOSITIONS A with about in for from, for of WORD FAMILIES A dedication revise achieve encouragement push succeed EATING PREPOSITIONS A l to out from for with to to for WORD FAMILIES A diabetes full exceptionally leftovers mouldy WORD-BUILDING WORD-BUILDING A A greasy buttery oily spicy watery sugary COLLOCATIONS inconvenient inexperienced invalid incomplete inaccurate insensitive COLLOCATIONS A В с i D deserve extend lighten control skip d b с e a got hand in pay get dedicated concerned lively rough rigid PATTERNS A to pass to work to achieve cheating to to cope A В split spread transfer advertise attract ban stocks estimate overpowers swap stick С dish products goods disorder terrace D strong find get big E fattening raw tender deserted generous organic limited PHRASAL VER A for round over off out through VOCABULARY BUILDER 67 09 HOUSES 10 GOING OUT A of in to with for PREPOSITIONS A l by of WORD FAMILIES from on WORD FAMILIES A l 23 enormously separated tiled dramatic elected invest connections residents WORD-BUILDINC A appointment improvement development attachment management COLLOCATIONS A l В S 10 D build rent fixed clean up leaking b d a e с garage interest mortgage rate rise root shortage distance graffiti outskirts dark enormous run-down separate spacious budget residential 68 OUTCOMES A sculptor subtitled tragic exaggeration pleasantly sweaty В cast, stroll, sweat WORD-BUILDING A distractions appreciation congratulations location selection revision operation COLLOCATIONS В b a с e f d С rural authentic dreadful keen weird pleasant spectacular D landscape portrait scenery sculpture still life soundtrack crazy place out minute way 11 THE NATURAL WORLD PREPOSITIONS A from into s of in В in in at through into In with in for in with under disappearance distracted rocky hunters illegally inhabitants smuggling threat destruction extinction predictable freedom investigation poison sociable speed С action, habitat COLLOCATIONS A В С D search lick predict threaten investigate stroke hissed crawled breed hunt scratch circling b a g П PREPOSITIONS A to in with with / towards of with with about WORD FAMILIES WORD FAMILIES A В 12 PEOPLE I K N O W extinct illegal wild aggressive s set free poisonous d с e f A l affection demonstrate determination generosity indulge intensity backpackers powerful egotistical COLLOCATIONS A 5 с a d e b activity character common touch ego С competitive bright naughty easy-going intense sociable stubborn paranoid D grown out of falling out with got into came across drifted apart track down E halfstepgreatmixed- 16 NEWS AND 13 TRAVEL 14 TECHNOLOGY INJURIES A N D PREPOSITIONS A EVENTS in on on into onto over on ILLNESS PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITIONS A В over of as to for on A l in of for by across on to for of 10 in A В into on at into through at to to on about WORD FAMILIES A в i 43 bump check-in landing smoothly terrified emigration immigrants interrogate restrict reservation WORD FAMILIES A connect revive technology automatic efficiency subsidies в WORD BUILDING WORD-BUILDINC A A careless speechless sleepless painless useless COLLOCATIONS A с d f e a b COLLOCATIONS overtake travel stamp pack reserve set carriage crossing traffic lights visa soaked light PHRASAL VERBS A down in up off off for A S В S С S delete display reveal allows plant switch с d e a f b external good short-lived saturated cool overnight straightforward bitter friendly on of in in on WORD FAMILIES A conscious dizziness infectious swelling incurable irritability viral bruised WORD FAMILIES COLLOCATIONS A В С D sprain survive crack cure swallow bite influence liberate radioactive vaccinated courageous COLLOCATIONS sneezes cough vomit sting faint attack b e a A E condition malaria stimulant suntan virus sunburn F adverse genetic addictive itchy PHRASAL VERB over off down up sign unify stabbed befriended repay f с d diarrhoea painkillers rash acne arthritis s childhood cholesterol A A attack midfield ridiculously athletic compose dictatorship f a d b h g talent show courage hit scheme rights D elderly back together redundant radical physical military PHRASAL VERBS A down away VOCABULARY BUILDER 69 INFINITIVE PAST S I M P L E PAST PARTICIPLE be become begin was/were became began /bi'gaen/ bet bit been become begun /Ы'длп/ bet bitten /'biten/ blown /Ыэип/ broken brought bet bite /bait/ blow /Ыэи/ break bring blew /blu:/ broke build /bi Id/ buy /bar./ built/bi It/ bought /bD:t/ can could /kud/ caught/k:>:t/ catch choose come cost cut draw / d n : / dream drink drive brought / b n : t / built bought been able caught chosen chose /tfauz/ came cost cut come cost cut did drew /dru:/ done drawn / d n : n / dreamed/dreamt drank /drasrjk/ drove dreamed /dreamt drunk /drAt]k/ driven eat ate / e i t / eaten /'i:tan/ fall /Ь:1/ feed fell /fel/ fed feel /fill/ felt /felt/ fallen /'Ь:1эп/ fed felt fight / f a i t / find fought /fD:t/ fought found /faund/ found fly/ftai/ forget flew /flu:/ forgot forgotten get got give gave went go grow /дгэи/ flown /flaun/ got [US: gotten] given grew /дш:/ been/gone grown /дгэип/ hang /haerj/ have /гмг)/ had had hear/hiэ/ hide heard /h3:d/ hid heard /h3:d/ hidden /'hidan/ hit hold hurt /пул/ hit held hurt hit held hurt keep kept kneel /ni: / know/паи/ knelt /nelt/ kept knelt knew /nju:/ known /пэип/ laid /leid/ laid led lay /lei/ lead /li:d/ learn leave lend 70 OUTCOMES led /led/ learned/learnt left lent learned/learnt left lent NFINITIVE se /lu:z/ read /ri:d/ ride rid r,n ring : run /глп/ say /sei/ see sell send set shake /Jei к/ shine //ai n/ shoot show shut sing sink sit sleep slide speak spell spend split spoil spread /spred/ stand steal /sti:I/ stick PAST S I M P L E PAST PARTICIPLE let lay lost let lain lost made met had to made met had to paid / p e i d / put paid put read / red/ rode read / red/ ridden rang /гэег)/ ran /гэеп/ rung/глг)/ run said /sed/ saw /so:/ sold sent set said seen sold sent set shaken /'Jeikan/ shone//Dn/ shot shown shut SUng/SAQ/ sunk Ллг)к/ sat slept slid spoken spelt spent split shook/Juk/ shone//Dn/ shot showed shut sang /saen./ sank /saerjk/ sat slept slid spoke spelled/spelt spent split spoiled/spoilt spread stood stole stood stolen stuck /suk/ stuck spoiled/spoilt spread strike /straik/ swim struck /strAk/ struck swam /swaem/ swum /swAm/ take / t e i k / teach took/tuk/ taught /D:t/ taken /'teiksn/ taught tear /tea/ tell think tore /tD:/ told thought /во-Л/ torn / О т / told thought throw /8гэи/ threw /9ru:/ thrown /бгэип/ understand understood understood wake woke /wauk/ woken /'waukan/ wear /wea/ Win Write wore /WD:/ won /WAn/ wrote worn /w3:n/ won written /'ritan/ VOCABULARY BUILDER 71 [...]... wasn't enjoying her course, so she dropped out of 24 OUTCOMES PHRASAL VERBS A Choose the correct phrasal verb 1 Would you like to hang up /hang around your coat? 2 It's best to shop around / do without to find the best price 3 We had to hang up / hang around for ages, waiting for him 4 I hope we don't have to do without / queue up for tickets VOCABULARY BUILDER 25 WORD BUILDING - NEGATIVES SCHOOL AND STUDYING... for in the exam I warned you not that again! She's struggling with all the work A Complete the sentences with the verbs in the list Look up the verbs if you need help control 28 OUTCOMES deserve extend lighten skip VOCABULARY BUILDER 29 8 EATING PACES 5 4 - 5 bland if something is bland, it has no taste or character: that cheese tastes - / his food is a bit - / I find that music a bit diabetic someone... revision 1 2 3 4 5 run like feel out of be sold a lastleave half place out way decision through the film 1 I can't concentrate because there are too many 2 The audience clapped to show their 40 OUTCOMES VOCABULARY BUILDER 41 THE NATURAL WORLD PACES 7 6 - 7 bush a bush is a kind of plant that is like a tree, but smaller: there were two or three rose ~es in the garden / we could hear something in the -es... in fact it's quite s f d 8 They had a b r argument about the money 9 The website is quite user-f_ _ y A Match the two halves of the compound nouns 1 an AIDS a) display 2 a brain b) icon 56 OUTCOMES VOCABULARY BUILDER 57 INJURIES AND ILLNESS PACES 1 0 4 - 5 adverse adverse effects or conditions are bad or harmful.The adverb is adversely: he had an reaction to the drug / the flight was cancelled because... COLLOCATIONS A Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the list befriend 64 OUTCOMES repay sign stab unify A Choose the correct words to complete the phrasal verbs 1 The factory may have to close up / down 2 My grandmother passed away /over last year 3 I was named/or/after my uncle VOCABULARY BUILDER 65 0 1 M Y FIRST C L A S S 02 FEELINGS 03 TIME OFF 0 4 INTERESTS 0 5 W O R K I N G LIFE... He's contracted 35 hours a week (work) 2 Were you involved in the product? (design) 3 Who is responsible for the office? (clean) 4 He's training a teacher, (be) 5 I don't want to risk myjob (lose) VOCABULARY BUILDER 21 GOING SHOPPING PAGES 4 2 - 3 avoid if you avoid something,you try not to do it or experience it: try to ~ repeating words when you write / / managed to - the rush hour /1 think Sam is... no-one there: the city centre is -at night/ the beach was - / a - building disorder a disorder is a medical problem: a lot of teenage girls have eating -s / he suffers from a heart - / a stomach - VOCABULARY BUILDER 31 estimate if you estimate, you guess the amount, value or strength of something If you overestimate, your guess is too much If you underestimate, your guess is too little: can you the cost... /down for a meal 3 The restaurant looks out/or/overthe lake 4 He was voted off / over the show 5 The Democrats were voted off / out at the last election 6 Shall I talk you through/over the contract? VOCABULARY BUILDER 33 HOUSES PACES 6 4 - 5 affordable if something is affordable, it is cheap enough for most people to buy: they're looking for an - fat / there isn't enough - housing / good quality products... shortage if there is a shortage of something, there is not enough of it.The adjective is short of: there are serious food and water ~s/the current - of housing / we're short of time / short of money VOCABULARY BUILDER 35 steadily if something changes steadily, it changes gradually.The adjective is steady: Unemployment has fallen - / taxes have risen - over recent years / a steady increase in prices / steady... from the unit 1 light ad kroom 2 very small anen s house 3 in good condition a r -d n area 4 shared they have s e rooms 5 withnospace asp sflat 6 expensive ab t airline 7 industrial are I area VOCABULARY BUILDER 37 10 GOING OUT PACES 7 0 - 1 abstract something that is abstract deals with ideas or feelings, not objects or events: - art /an painting / the course will deal with - concepts / discuss