NGHI L U A N XA H O I - KIEU BAI I.; KHOi GOI K H A N A N G SANG TAO (Thay lai gidi thieu) TS Nguyen Van Tung B a n doc than m e n , T a p m o t c u o n sach Tuyen tap de bdi vd bai van nghi lucin xd hoi da nhan d u g c sir h u o n g ung nhiet t i n h cua ban doc ca nuac K h o n g c h i yeu cSu tai ban tap m o t nhieu Ian, rat n h i e u thay giao, c6 g i a o va cac e m hoc fi&M i£>U jbV s i n h c o n de n g h i s o m cho xuat ban tap hai c u o n sach T h e theo y e u cau do, c h u n g t o i da tien hanh t u y e n c h o n n h i m g de bai va b a i l a m dugc g i a i va dugc vao v o n g c h u n g khao ciia cuoc t h i Ra de va vigt van n g h i l u a n xa h o i m a T a p c h i Van hoc vd TuSi tre to chuc t r o n g t h a i gian ttr n a m 2008 den n a m ( t r u n h i j n g de bai va bai l a m da d u g c g i o i t h i e u t r o n g tap m o t ) de c6 tap hai ciia c u o n sach v( T r u o c het, nhirng de bai va bai l a m dugc t u y e n vao c u o n sach, theo danh gia ciia cac v i e n ban g i a m k h a o la da d u g c thuc h i e n theo d i i n g n h i i n g q u y d i n h c h u n g ve the thuc, k h u o n k h o , ve n p i d u n g k i e n thuc va k l nang D i S u k h i n g d i n h t i n h " h g p p h a p " cua de b a i va bai l a m D e bai va bai l a m c6 hay den dau n h u n g k h o n g t u a n theo q u y d j n h c h u n g ve the thuc t h i c u n g k h o n g the dO d i e u k i e n de x e m xet T h u h a i , cac de bai cua cac thay giao, c6 g i a o d u g c c h o n a day, dap ijTig dugc n h i e u tieu c h i : - Cap nhat d u g c nhiSu van de xa h o i dang dugc d u l u a n dac biet quan t a m : bao lire hoc dirong, c h o n nghe, bang cap, m o i t r u a n g s i n h t h a i , quan he c o n g d n g , dao n g h i a ihky - t r o , van hoa u n g xvc, v a n hoa dgc, s u t h a n h dat, bao ve su t r o n g sang ciia t i e n g Viet , ,>i';i f i - t c ,hxh - B a o quat d u g c cac dang thuc cua n g h i l u a n xa h o i : n g h i l u a n v6 m o t t u t u o n g , dao l i ; n g h i luan ve m o t h i e n t u g n g d o i song x a h o i c u n g n h u n h u n g kiSn thiic t r o n g sach v o de g i a i q u y e t v a n de - K h a i thac d u g c n h u n g t u t u a n g nhan van t r o n g cac tac p h a m van hoc n o i tiSng hoac dang d u g c g i a n g day t r o n g nha t r u a n g l a m dS t a i ban l u a n : b a i hoc dao l i t u t r u y e n ngSn Chu nguai tu tu, q u a n n i e m ve m a n h " cua nha v a n N a m Cao t r o n g t r u y e n n g i n Dai thua, thucrng cua c o n n g u o i t r o n g t i e u t h u y e t NhCtng nguai V i c h t o H u y g o , t r i e t l i t r o n g t r u y e n ngSn Bin t h n g Cac e m c u n g da van d u n g thao n h i j n g h i e u biet v l d o i s6ng "ke l i tudng tinh khdn khS cua que N g o n n g u l a m van k h a t r o n g sang, n h u l n n h u y e n T r o n g k h i d u l u a n xa h o i h i e n dang v ciang " n o n g " v i t i n h t r a n g hoc s i n h s u d u n g n g o n ngir " c h a t " , n g o n n g i i l a i cang t r o n g cac b a i t h i , t h i doc n h u n g b a i l a m v a n cua cac e m b day, n g u o i doc c6 t h e m n i e m t i n ve y thuc bao ve su t r o n g sang ciia t i e n g V i e t cua the he tre, c u n g n h u qua thay d u g c t h a n h qua ciia viec d o i m o i n o i d u n g , c h u o n g t r i n h g i a o due p h o t h o n g theo n g h i q u y t 40/2000/QHlO cua Q u o c h o i bSt dau thuc h i e n t u n a m - K h a i thac dugc n h i m g t u t u o n g nhan s i n h c6 y n g h i a p h d quat t r o n g hoc 0 - 0 n h i m g tac p h a m bao c h i , nhirng danh ngon, nhirng cau c h u y e n hSp d i n N h u n g k h a i quat k h o n g c h i cho thSy, c u o c t h i R a de va v i e t v a n l u u t r u y e n t r o n g d o i song xa h o i n g h i l u a n xa h o i c i i a T a p c h i Wan hoc vd TuSi tre to chirc da t h a n h c o n g - N o i d u n g cac de bai l a i d u g c cac tac gia k h e o leo the h i e n t r o n g t6t dep, m a c o n khSng d i n h , viec dua van n g h i l u a n xa h o i t r o t h a n h m o t nhirng t i n h h u n g " c v l n d e " , rSt c6 kha nang tac d o n g vao nhan thuc n o i d u n g t r o n g cac b a i t h i , b a i k i e m tra danh g i a m o n Ngii- v a n cac cSp ciia hoc sinh, k i c h t h i c h t u d u y cua cac e m , danh thuc k h a i g g i o cac e m la m o t c h i i t r u a n g d i i n g V a n n g h i l u a n xa h o i thuc s u la m o t k i e u b a i n h u n g h i e u biet xa h o i , van hoa, van hoc de g i a i quyet " v a n d e " m a cac vii de bai dat nguoi hoc C O k h a nang k i c h t h i c h t i n h t u d u y sang tao cua ca n g u a i day va - T h u ba, phan g g i y each l a m b a i cung dugc cac t h l y giao, c6 giao c h u V a i n o i d u n g n h u t r e n , c h u n g t o i t i n r a n g , day se la m o t tap sach y dau t u " c h a t x a m " K h o n g qua t i m i , c h i tiSt va c u n g k h o n g d o n d i e u so b o i c h , t h i g t t h u c d i v a i cac thSy g i a o , c6 g i a o v a cac e m hoc s i n h sai, m a n h i n c h u n g rat d u n g t a m , viia g i i i p hoc sinh k h o n g b i lac h u o n g X i n t r a n t r o n g giofi t h i e u c u n sach va m o n g d u g c b a n d o c g o p y de ve k i nang va k i e n thiic, vua phat h u y t i n h c h i i d g n g , sang tao cua cac e m sach d u a c h o a n t h i e n t r o n g n h u n g I a n t a i b a n C h u n g t o i cho rSng, s u d a n dSt la cSn thiSt, b o i t h o n g qua n h u n g phSn h u o n g dan ay, m o i hoc sinh se dan h i n h cho m i n h m o t k i nang giai ':\^ "' q u y e t cac de bai khac V e chat l u g n g phan bai l a m cua hoc sinh dugc c h g n t r o n g c u o n sach n h i n c h u n g k h a deu tay Cac e m da su d u n g thao n h u n g kJ nang l a m van n g h i l u a n , sang tao t r o n g viec lira c h o n h i n h thuc the h i e n , van d u n g n h u a n n h u y e n yeu to t u s u va bie'u cam C a u true cac b a i l a m kha chat che, m a c h lac V i e c to chuc cac luan d i e m , luan z\s c6 t i n h he ,.• '; - : •, , f, ' ' ! ) • ; ' ' •" ' " han: Tuoi tre la tuoi hoc tap va ren luyen Phai ton trong, giCr gin tai san Bi QUYET cong cong Tre em c6 quyen dugc vui choi Luan diem thu nhat huong LAM V A N NGHI LUAN XA HOI GS.TS Trdn Dinh Sir L B T : Noi dung bai viet dune trich tir "lai giai toi mot s6 ban tre chua c6 y thirc hoc tap va ren luyen, phi pham thoi gian nhijng cuoc choi v6 bo va c6 hai Luan diem thu hai huong toi mot s6 d6ng bao, ban nho v i nghich nggm hoac vi mon Igi nho ma pha hoai thieu" cuon sach Tuyen lap de hai va bai vein nghi tai san dSt gia ciia mgi nguoi Luan diem thij ba xuat phat tir thirc te la tre lugn xd hoi, tap mot Chung toi nhan thay, day la em chung ta qua thieu nhung san choi, tro choi, it dugc to chuc di nhimg bi quygt quan de c6 mot bai lam van tham quan, du Hch M i cau nhu the la mot tu tuong, mot doi hoi, mot nghj luan xa hoi dat diem cao cac ki thi, vi the nen gioi thieu lai o tap hai nguyen vong, quySn Igi can dugc khSng djnh, can dugc trinh bay de thuySt phiic moi nguoi cung tin theo, lam theo T u tuong ay phai ro rang, ( ) Nghj luan xa hoi nha truong trung hoc xoay quanh cac van de ve tu tuong, dao due, 16i s6ng gan gui doi vod tuoi tre, bay to y kign, suy nghi ve mot hien tuong t6t hoac xSu dod song xa hoi Trong cac lanh manh, sang, c6 tinh xay dung Tan cai gi, khong tan di6u gi dSu phai c6 l i xac dang Dieu gi dung, dieu gi sai phai dugc chi cu the, neu d i n chung cii the c6 sue thuyet phuc Tinh than bai van nghi luan xa hoi a nha truong cac em can phat bieu nhihig suy lam van nghj luan thoi dai phat buy tinh chii the ciia hoc sinh da nghi nghiem tuc, chin chin cua minh v l mot vSn dS c6 y nghia xa hoi dat khac truoc Hoc sinh la chii nhan ciia doi minh, chii nhan tuong lai ciia cho minh, lira tuoi minh, khong the' phat bieu tien nhu sinh dSt nuoc DSi v o i cac vSn de nghi luan xa hoi de bai, hoc sinh boat hang , phai neu dugc suy nghi chan thuc ciia minh, phu hgp v o i von song, , MV,: , Bai van nghj luan xa hoi a day truac hSt doi hoi nguai viSt phai bay to duge t u tuong ciia minh T u tuong bai van nghi luan phai la tu tuong phii hop dao l i , le phai, the hien trach nhiem cua nguoi viet d6i voi dat nuoc, gia dinh, xa hoi, nguoi T u tuong bai van nghj luan xa hoi phai the hien nhiet tinh xay dimg, vun dSp cho xa hoi mot t6t dep, len an, phe phan cac hanh vi trai dao due, trai le phai, c6 hai cho dat each suy nghi va ca tinh ciia minh, tranh viet nhung dieu cong thuc, r6ng, vay mugn ma xa la doi v o i chinh minh M o i luan diem nhu the la mot didm sang, mot m5t ciia bai van nghi luan Bai van nghi luan ma thieu luan diem thi du c6 viet thS nao nguoi doc van thay toi mu Cho nen, sau t i m hieu dS van r6i thi viec dau tien la can xac dinh luan diem, d i l n dat luan diem cho ro rang, dut khoat Luan diem Sy la nuoc, xa hoi va van hoa Viet Nam T u tuong bai van nghj luan phai sgi chi do, la cai xuong song ciia bai van nghi luan Cac em nen nho la t u tuong CO co so khach quan, gop phan lam sang to mot win dh c6 y rSng xac lap dugc luan didm ro rang roi bai van coi nhu da c6 phuong nghla thuc te T u tuong bai van nghi luan phai la tu tuong chan that, huong, da c6 noi dung tu nhien cua hoc sinh, khong phai la tu tuong chep tai lieu, voi nhung ngij cu mon , M'-i Buoc tiSp theo la can bigt each lap luan Lap luan tuc la xay dung m6i lien he logich giiia luan diem v o i l i le, dan chiing nham khang T u tuong bai van nghi luan phai dugc d i l n dat nhiing luan djnh, chirng minh cho luan diem cua toan biii Chiing han ta chgn luan diem, tuc la nhung cau van the hien tap trung cho mot tu tuong ChSng diem: Phai ton trong, giir gin tai san cong cong Viec dau tien la ta can giai thich tai san cong cpng la g i , sau giai thich v i can phai giir phan, m d bai, than bai, ket bai Hinh dung bai van nhu mot cuoc tro gin cac tai san ay, nhung c6 trach nhiem giir gin va bao ve, g i u gin chuyen, mot cuoc phat bieu y kiSn truac moi nguai, thi nen c6 each ma va bao ve nhu the nao? Ta cflng can neu mot so hien tugng nhu* bai thich hgp Trong m d bai, tim each dua win de can ban va luan nem da len doan tau dang chay, thao giSng chu dem ban sit vun, diem chinh cho ngudi doc t h i y , sau phan than bai Ian lugt trinh bay, ve bay tren tuong nhirng cau vugt, hai hoa cuoc trien lam hoa nhijng hien tugng khong the khong lam chung ta xau ho v i tinh trang thieu van hoa cua mot bg phan dong bao ta, c6 cac ban nho a nong thon va thj Hien tugng can dugc xa hoi, nha truong va dong dao ban doc hgc sinh quan tam, nhu the luan diem ciia bai van c6 CO so thuc te, de dugc moi nguai d6ng tinh Chu6i lien kit cac vin dS ay tuc la lap luan M o i van de nhu th6 se dugc trien khai mot giai quy6t Phan kit bai khong nen gian dan chi la "torn l a i " eai diSu da noi d m d bai, ma nen m d rong ra, nhin v6 trien vgng tuong lai, hoac neu doi hoi trach nhiem d6i vdi ngudi dpe, khuyen nhu hay mong moi d6i vdi moi ngudi Van nghi luan la van noi l i , nhung xet cho k l , no khong bao g i d chi thuan la noi l i , bdi l i c6 tinh, tinh cam ciia ngudi viet, tinh cam doan van, giua chung can c6 cac t u lien k6t Qua trinh lap luan cung la d6i vdi ngudi doc, tinh cam d6i v d i \in de dem ban V i the van nghi luan qua trinh lap dan y ciia bai van cung CO mau sic tu tu, niu biet d i l n dat mot each cam xuc, hinh anh nhat Sau k h i c6 dan bai roi thi viSt bai Vi6t bai khong dan gian chi la dinh se tang them hieu qua thuyet phuc cho bai van dien dat, ma phai thuc hien cac yeu cau lap luan cua bai van N g u a i viet bai van nghi luan khong phai lay t u each mot to chuc ma viSt nhu Hd Noi, ngdy 20 thdng nam 2009 la viet xa luan, ma nen xuat phat tir hieu biSt cua minh, lay tu each cua minh - mot cong dan nho tuoi bi6t quan tam dSn dat nij-ac, xa h o i ChSng han k h i giai thich tai san cong cong la g i , khong can noi chung chung, truu tugng la " t a i san cua nhan dan", " t a i san xa hoi chii nghla" ma chi can noi la tai san chn thi6t cho cuoc s6ng chung cua m o i nguai, doi v a i bat c i i Chon dugc t u thS, ch6 dung thi cac em Unf:ol\ se CO each noi thich hgp va lofi noi se c6 sue thuySt phuc L a i van nghi luan cung can viet mot each tu nhien, linh boat nhu dang trao doi suy nghi v a i cac ban d6ng trang lua, tranh len gan, bat chuae gigng nguai Ian L a i van can gian d i , sinh dong, t6i k j dung nhiing t u ngii xa la, dac biet la nhiing tCr ngCr ma minh khong hieu, hoac dua nhiing tu ngii bang tieng nuac ngoai vao bai van mot each khong can thiSt Bai van nghi luan hay khong chi eo luan diem diing, c6 y nghla, lap luan chat che, ma phai chu y b6 cue hgp l i Bai van thuang c6 ba i'rUi/' • nii':"? frfT;;L •';'> ' DANH SACH GIAO VIEN, HOC SINH DAT GIAI C U O C THI RA Dfi VA Vlkv VAN NGHI LUAN XA H O I , 2008 - 2010 CUA TAP CHI VH&TT , GIAI NHI: GIAI Nguyen Van Binh - GV THPT chuyen Nguyln Hue - Ha Dong - Ha Npi Khuat Thj Thanh Hucmg - GV.THCS Son Loc - Son Tay - Ha Noi Hoang Thu Ha - GV.THCS Bach Lieu - Yen Thanh - Nghe An Phan mot ^ ^• t:, Ha Minh Ngpc - HS lop 12 Van -THPT chuyen DHSP Ha Noi G I A I BA: G I A I Pham Thi Ngoc Diep - GV.THPT Ba Dinh - Nga Son - Thanh Hoa Dang Tuy&t Nhung - GV.THPT L6m6n6x6p - Ha Npi Nguyin Nga My - HS lop 12 E - THPT Chu Van An - TP.Lang Son DE BAI VAGOIY Nguyin Thi My Lan - HS lop 11 Van -THPT chuyen Hung Vuong Phu Thp G I A I K H U Y f i N K H I C H : 10 G I A I Pham Anh Tuin - GV THCS Dong Thanh - Yen Thanh - Nghe An Nguyin Thj Mai Lan - GV.THPT chuyen B^c Ninh - Bic Ninh Hoang Thj Kim Ngan - GV THCS Gia Cam - Viet Tri - Phu Thp Nguyin Thi Phuomg - GV THCS Xuan Dieu - Can Lpc - Ha Tinh Tran Quang Dai - GV THPT Tran Phu - Diic Thp - Ha TTnh ,j D5 Thi Thanh Thuy - GV THPT chuyen Thai Binh - Thai Binh Ngo Thi Thu Hien - GV THPT chuyen Phan Bpi Chau - Nghe An Pham Thi H6ng Thu - GV THCS Thai Thjnh - Dong Da - Ha Npi Vu Thj Quynh - HS lop 12 Van - THPT chuyen Thai Binh - Thai Binh 10 Bui Thi Cam Hang - HS lop 11 Van - THPT chuyen Ha TTnh CACH L A M BAI u h + Trong nghe thuat: la phiit dung lai cua ban dan, n6t t r i m hay Khoang lang 1^ su ngung lai bai tha, khoang trSng - khoang toi buc HOANGLANANH tranh v.v GV THPT chuyen Bdc Giang - Bdc GianR + Trong cuoc doi: la n6i bu6n ben canh niSm vui; la giay phut nguoi but minh khoi dong chay cua cong viec, cua cuoc doi; la mpt sir BtBAl ^ Trong tdc pham Ti bd hdnh (Ngie van 10, tap mot), ngodi nhuiig l&i tha mieu td dm song dong, thdn tinh vang len tu ngon ddn cua that bai sau nhirng cong v.v i/ILiU - Y 2: ThSy dugc vai tro quan ciia nhirng not lang nhu the nghe thuat va cuoc doi, vi du: """"" " ngudi ca nu, Bach CuDi nam bdt duac cd khodnh khac ngimg Idng + Trong nghe thuat: n6t lang lam ton len gia tri ciia am thanh, khoang ki dieu cua tiing ddn "Thuthoi vd thdng huu thanh" (Tiing taldng trSng la noi d6n nen chua nhilu am anh, mau tram la mau ciaa suy nghi, ngdt bay gia cdng hay - Phan Huy Vinh dich) ggi nhieu han ta Cdu tha goi cho anh (chi) suy nghJ g] vi vai trd cua nhung khoang lang nghe thudt vd cuoc sdng? (Luu y: Co the lay nhieu vi du de chung minh, song dau tien phai nh3c toi vai tro cira not lang ban dan cua nguoi ca nu bai tho Ti bd hdnh ) G C n Y C A C H L A M BAI ' " ^ ' + Trong cuoc doi: khoang lang la luc nguoi nhin lai chinh minh, A Goi y chung nhin lai chang duong da qua, nglm ngh! cho cuoc doi phia truoc, khoang - Xac dinh dirge \in dS can nghi luan: vai tro cua khoang lang lang Cling la noi nguoi dugc song voi chinh minh, s6ng dung la minh, nghe thuat va cuoc s6ng nguoi, tu neu nhirng suy nghi cua gop phSn gin giu nhan each cua m6i ca nhan (Hoc sinh lay dan chirng minh v6 van dS iy chung minh cho nhung l i le tren) - Van dung tong hop cac k! nang, thao tac nghj luan de trien khai van de ro rang, thuySt phuc B Goi y cu the Hoc sinh c6 the linh hoat qua trinh viSt bai, nhung can dam bao mot s6 y chinh sau: - Y 3: Ban vg each s6ng ciia m§i ca nhan sau da thay dugc vai tro ciia nhijng khoang lang, vi du: + Song can nhin lai, va tin rang moi khoang lang, khong phai la mot that bai ma la mot su bit dSu cho mot cong moi + Tuy nhien cung can mo rong: ban dSn vai tro ciia khoang lang I.Mffbdi khong phai la khuySn khich cho mot cuoc s6ng bang long an phan, lam Gioi thieu dugc cau tha cua Bach Cu Di va van de: khoang lang giam y chi phan dau cua nguoi doi s6ng - nghe thuat // Than bdi III Kit bdi Khai quat, nang cao vSn dS ban lu^n - Y 1: Xac dinh dugc the nao la khoang lang nghe thuat va cuoc s6ng (VH&TT so thdng - 2010) C h i k h i c u o c s o n g ^ PHAM THj VAN ANH GV THPT Do Luong I - Nghe An ( • Hoc v a n khong c6 q u e huong ^ , ' j/^i 11 C! i y DfeBAI ' f Chu Quang Tiem, nhd van Trung Quae tung noi: "Chi qua Ian, y tuang qua nhiiu, sir that lam khdng xui, ket qua han la that bqi; chikhi qua nhd, cdu thd, tha a, chdn nan, kit qua han dan den sa dog " Hay viet bdi nghi luqn trinh bay quan diem ciiarninhve van de chi cuoc song g NGUYEN VAN BINH GV THPT chuyen NguySn Hue - Ha Dong - Ha Noi DE BAI Nhd bdc hoc L Pasteur cd noi dqi y: Hoc van khong cd que huong nhung nguoi cd hoc van phai cd To quoc Suy nghi ciia anh (chi) ve y kien tren GOI Y C A C H L A M BAI A V l ki nang De bai yeu cau trinh bay y kien ve mot van de thiet thirc cuoc song: chi Cau noi ciia tac gia dua gom hai ve c6 tinh chat tuong phan, yeu cau nguoi viet phai giai thich hai ve, tij trinh bay y kien, quan diem rieng Hoc sinh can biet van dung cac thao tac nghi luan nhu giai thich, phan tich, chung minh Bai viet dien dat sang ro, y tuong mach lac * i B Vgkilnthuc - Gidi thich y kien: Chi dugc hieu la quyet tam, khat vong khang dinh ban than, dat dugc cong cuoc song Hanh trinh su song cua nguai la khong ngimg vuon len, sang tao, in dau tren mat dat, in dau trai tim nguai khac bang chinh chi khi, y tuong ciia moi nguoi Ciing vai chi luon la nhirng y tuong, la su sang tao, tinh than clu tien, su can than va nhirng cong cong viec - Phan tich, binh luqn ve y kien: + Neu tham vong qua Ion, y tuong qua nhieu ma khong gan voi thuc te, khong lam dugc viec cong thi diSu cung v6 nghla + Ngugc lai nguoi khong c6 quyet tam, khat vong, y chi vuon len cuoc song cung voi thai chan nan, cau tha, tha a at dan den that bai + Nhu vay: Moi nguai can phai biet can bang cuoc song giira khat vong va hanh dgng thuc te; khong ngimg vuan len dat dugc cong cong viec, hoc tap GOT Y C A C H L A M BAI A \e ki nang Hoc sinh hieu diing yeu cau ciia de, biet each lam mot bai van nghi luan xa hoi voi b6 cue ro rang, dien dat luu loat, c6 cam xuc; khong mac loi dung tCr, ngir phap B V e k i l n t h i k Bai viet c6 the trien khai nhOng y ca ban sau: a Gidi thich + Su hoc vSn khong c6 que huong: NghTa la tri thirc, tuu khoa hoc la cua chung nhan loai, nguoi c6 the hoc tap, ITnh hoi ma khong can phan biet no la ciia quoc gia nao + Nhung nguai c6 hoc vSn phai c6 To quoc: Nguai c6 hoc, c6 tri thirc phai biet yeu va c6 trach nhiem voi To quoc minh Tom lai: Moi nguoi deu c6 the hoc tap va tiep thu tri thirc ciia nhan loai nhung long phai c6 To quoc b Binh luqn ^ + Tai nguoi c6 the hoc tap tri thijc ma khong can phan biet nguon goc ciia tri thirc do? (Vi tri thuc la ciia chung nhan loai ) + Tai nguoi c6 hoc van phai c6 T6 quoc long? + Neu nguai c6 tri thiic, hoc van ma long khong c6 To quoc thi sao? + The hien tinh yeu To quoc, ngiroi c6 hoc van phai lam gi? c Ma rang, lien he + Co phai chi c6 nhirng ngiroi c6 hoc van moi can c6 tinh yeu To quoc khong? + Cau noi c6 y nghla nhu the nao thai dai dat nuoc hoi nhap? + Ban than rijt duac di6u gi sau sSc? > (VH&TT s6 thdng 5+6 - 2010) "Dat mrac la mau xirong " m PHAM TH! NGQC DIEP GV THPTBa Dinh - Nga 5on - Thanh Hod D £ BAI Tu su cam nhan nhung cdu tha sau ciia Nguyen Khoa Diem: Em em Dat Nude Id mdu xuang cua minh Phai Met gdn bo vd san se Phai biit hod than cho ddng hinh xir sd Lam nen Ddt Nude mudn dai (Mat dirong khdt vgng) anh (chi) suy nghl g\ y thuc trach nhiem cua nien ngdy doi vm ddt nude? GOT Y C A C H L A M BAI Gidi thich ede tu ngu: "mdu xuang", "gan bd", "san se", "hod than " TCr riit npi dung ciia doan tha: Dat Nuac gan gui, gan bo mat thiet vai moi nguai nhu la mot phan than the minh vay Cho nen, moi ca nhan can phai biet tu nguyen gan bo, cong hien, hi sinh de lam giau dep them cho dat nuac, giir gin, phat huy va ti6p n6i truySn thong ciia dat nuac Phdn tich cdc van de sau: - Dat nuac von rong Ian, trim tuang nhung thuc cung rSt cu the, gan gui d6i vai moi nguai + Dat nuac la khong gian, thai gian ta sinh boat, lao dong hang ngay, luu giir cho ta nhihig ki niem, ki irc, cam xuc + Dat nuac hien hinh dang dap, mau da, mai toe, tiSng noi, giong dieu ciia moi nguai + Dat nuac la que huang, que huong c6 gia dinh - nguai than ciia chinh chung ta + Vi the, hi sinh, cong hien cho dat nuac cung la hi sinh, cong hien cho nhirng nguai than yeu ciia minh - Moi ca nhan, moi the he la mot mat xich quan trong cupc chay tiSp sue vTnh ciru giira cac thg he de lam nen truyen thong dan toe Dac biet la nien Thanh nien chinh la hien tai va tuang lai ciia d5t nuac Moi ca nhan nien can phai c6 trach nhiem tu nguyen ganh vac nhirng cong viec chung ciia dat nuac - O moi thai diem, nien c6 each gan bo va san se vai dat nuac khac nhau: + Thai chiSn: ca mot thS he nien "gac but nghien theo vipc dao cung", hi sinh cuoc s6ng ciia minh de bao ve dat nuac ' + Thai binh, nhat la cong cuoc hien dai hoa dat nuac, hoi nhap quoc te nhu hien nay: nien can trau doi tri thirc, bat kjp thai dai, ren luyen ban ITnh vihig vang truac cuoc hoi nhap quoc te, truac nhirng cam vat chSt, ren luyen sire khoe de c6ng hien, dung xay dat nuac - Phe phan nhiJng quan niem sai ISm ve dat nuac, phe phan nhirng ich ki chi biSt vpi vang doi hoi a dat nuac ma khong dong gop, tham chi lam bang hoai, hoen truyen thong tot dep ciia dan tpc Bmh luqn, ddnh gid vd lien he vdi ban than - Qua doan tha, Nguyen Khoa Diem the hien mot quan niem diing dan ve dat nuac va y thirc rat ro rang ve trach nhiem ciia minh va the he minh truac van menh ciia dan tpc Tu tuang ay phii hop vai mpi hoan canh, mpi thai dai - La mot nien, ta can xac djnh ro trach nhiem ciia minh doi vai dat nuac Long nhan khong the nhiem HIV TRAN QUANG DAI 4a ' GV THPT Trdn Phu - Due Tho - Ha Tinh II Than bdi Gidi thich - Doan trich bai viet cua tac gia Phuang Anh de cap dSn hai vSn de lien quan dSn HIV/AIDS a nuac ta: + Tinh hinh gia tang dang quan ngai ciia benh nhan HIV/AIDS cong dong DE B A I " O mmc ta, cu 15 phut lai c6 them mot ngirai hi nhihi HIV/AIDS cu sail mdi ngay, ta Igi cd them 96 nguai hi nhiim HIV/AIDS, mdi tuhn la 672 ngirt/i, mdi thdng la 2.920 nguai, va sau mdi nam la 35.040 nguai, bang dan s6ciia mot huyen + Su ki thi cija cong d6ng d6i voi benh nhan HIV/AIDS va su mac cam ciia benh nhan Binh luan - Do la nhirng nguy ca rSt Ian d6i voi dat nuac: benh nhan HIV/ADIS gia tang vai t6c chong mat nhu vay se tao nen nhiing hau qua khon Diiu dau long han nua la nhung nguai hi HIV/AIDS luon hi cd lap, xa Idnh vd hi day ngdy mot xa khdi cdi quy dqo cudc sdng dang dihi quanh ho Su ki thi Ian din ndi, cd nhimg benh nhan HIV/AIDS Id tuyen truyin vien cd thdm nien nhdt md chung tdi gap, dhi to thdi ddy ngcr hodc Thdm chi, din cdi ten (chit chua ndi din dia chi, nai Idm viec), ho cung rdt sabi tiit Id Tqi vgy?" luang: sir t6n hai ve sinh mang, sue khoe, suy thoai noi giSng, tan va cac (Theo Phuang Anh, Long nhan di khong the nhiim HIV, Vietimes, 19-3-2008) nen ganh nang cho xa hoi Anh (chi) hay viit bdi van ngdn (khodng 600 tit) trinh bay suy nghi ve hien tucpig ndi tren pham ma va cac te nan xa hoi cua mot bo phan thiSu nien nhan G O I Y CACH L A M B A I / Mdbdi The giai phai d6i mat vai nhieu nhung nguy'ca, hiem hoa gia dinh, suy giam nguSn lire kinh tS, gia tang toi pham, te nan xa hoi, suy thoai vS dao due, van hoa * - Su ki thi ciia cong d6ng doi voi benh nhan gay dau kho, thiet thoi cho nguai benh, khong nhung khong lam giam ti le gia tang benh nhan ma c6 tac dung ngugc lai, khiSn cho nguai benh quin tri lam lieu, tao , , , , - Nguyen nhan ciia tinh trang tren chii yeu la hau qua ciia toi thuc han chS, s6ng buong tha, thac loan, su suy thoai cua dao due xa hoi, sir ySm kem ciia cac ca quan chirc nang «,ifrw.ii? r i ! - i - Mot nguyen nhan quan n&a la nhan thuc ve HIV/AIDS ciia cpng d6ng nhieu han chi: chua hieu ro ve nguy ca, tac hai, ca che to Ian: chien tranh, khung bo, moi truong bi tan pha, benh dich hiem ngheo Benh HIV/AIDS la mot nhung nguy ca to Ion cua nhan loai, Viet Nam cung khong ngoai le Nhirng kiSn thiic v6 HIV/AIDS, y thirc, trach nhiem phong ch6ng can benh thS ki la mot hanh trang quan cua thS he tre buac vao dai Bai vigt ciaa tac gia lay Ian, bien phap phong tranh nen c6 su ki thi v6 l i doi vai nguai benh /// Kit bdi Phuang Anh da dd cap din \in dS voi nhimg thong tin dang chu y, goi nhieu tran trd, suy ngim lanh manh, c6 y thiic va trach nhiem phong ch6ng cac te nan xa hoi - De ngan chan va day lui dai dich HIV/AIDS can phai c6 su no luc ciia ca cong d6ng voi nhirng giai phap tong th6, dac biet quan la vai tro, y thirc ciia thiSu nien: s6ng c6 l i tuang cao dep, - Suy nghi, lien he ban than, d& xuSt sang kiSn , - Tinh ban A' i TRAN Q U A N G DAI GV THPT Trdn Phu - Diic Tho - Ha Tlnh + Tuy nhien, viec danh gia tu each, pham chat, ca tinh mot nguoi la viec khong don gian, can dugc xem xet k i luong Cac moi quan he xa hoi cung thuong phuc tap, kho nhan chan Trong thuc te van c6 nhung nguai t6t giao du voi nguoi xau v i nhung muc dich khac va ngugc lai Co nhung nguoi ca tinh, so thich trai ngugc nhung van la ban ciia vHn c6 hien tugng "gan muc khong den, gan den v l n t6i" Do nguoi thuang choi voi nhung nguoi tot chua h i n da t6t, va ngugc lai DEBAI Anh (chi) hay viit bai van ngan (khodng 600 tit) trinh bay suy nghJ cua niinh ve can ngan ngCt sau: Bai hoc nhan thuc va hanh dong + "Chon ban ma choi" la mot loi khuyen het sue dung dan Nhung nguoi ban t6t la ch6 dua tinh than, la nguoi dong hanh than thiet "Hay cho toi bit bm anh la ai, toi se noi cho anh biit anh la ngur/i thSnao " cugc doi, giup m6i nguoi vuon len s6ng tot hon, dep hon Chon dugc ban (Ngan nguPhdp - theo So tay Danh ngon, NXB Van hod - Thong tin, t6t, chan luon la niem ao uoc ciia moi nguoi Tuy nhien, khong v i J 999, trang J53) thg ma tuyet giao voi nhung nguoi xau + Muon CO ban t6t, truoc h6t minh phai la nguoi ban tot Song chan thanh, G O I Y C A C H L A M BAI coi mo, nhiet tam se duoc moi nguoi yeu quy Gia doi, xau xa, thij doan, ho Gidi thich y kiin thi som mupn gi cung bi 16 tay, bj tay chay, khong the co ban tot - Y nghla cu the: Cau danh ngon de xuSt mot tieu chuan danh gia pham chat nguoi thong qua m6i quan he ban be + Ung \vt dung d5n, biSt cham s6c tinh bang huu la mot each de nguoi CO hanh phuc va lam cho cugc song tot dep hon - Y nghia khai quat: Tam quan trpng cua m6i quan he ban be d6i v a i (VH& TT s6 thdng 5+6 - 2010) nhan each nguai Ban luan + Tinh ban la mot m o i quan he xa hoi bidn, c6 tSm quan dac biet d6i v d i m i nguai Con ngudi khong the s6ng ma khong CO la ban N g u a i khong c6 ban be thi khong the c6 nhan each binh thuang + Nguoi ta thuang kdt ban, giao du vol nhung nguoi ciing so thich Cling quan diem, chi huong Nguai tot dSn voi thi "d6ng Ve mot quan niem ciia V Huy-go ^ BUI DINH H A GV THPT Nam Dan I - Nghe An tuong ung, d6ng tuang cau", nguoi xSu cung "nguu tSm nguu, ma tam ma" Mat khac, choi than vai mot nguai, hay nhom nguai nao thi thuang chiing ta se chiu anh huong cua d6i tuang theo quy luat "gan muc thi den, gSn den thi sang" hay " d i voi But mac ao ca sa, di voi ma mac ao giay" V i vay, c6 the thong qua viec nhin nhan pham chat, tu each, thien D £ BAI Nhan vat Gidng Van - gidng tdc phdm Nhung nguoi khon kho cila dai van hao Vich-to Huy-gd, trudc giay phdt lam chung da trdng troi lai vdi doi ban tre Ma-ri-uyt va Co-det: huong cua ban be (than thiet) de danh gia, phan loai \h nhan each, pham "Tren dai, chi cd mot dieu dy thoi, dd la thuong yeu nhau" chat cua mot nguoi Hay cho biet y kiin cda anh (chi) ve quan ni$m tren GOl Y C A C H L A M BAI A Ve kl nang Biet each lam bai van nghi luan ve mot van d8 xa hoi dat tac Ao cu nhimg tam hon luon moi him MMrq:>v pham van hoc Ket ciu chat che, diln dat luii loat; khong mic 16i chinh ta, dung tir, ngu phap la NGUYEN THl HA " CV THPTNgoc Hoi - Thanh Tri - Ha Noi B Ve kien thuc ,1 ' ; Hoc sinh c6 the trinh bay theo nhieu each khae nhung phai c6 nhirng hieu biet ve Vieh-to Huy-go va nhan vat Giang Van-giang DEBAI tac pham Nhung nguai khon khS cua ong; tir do, ban luan v6 tu tuong cua Hay phdt hieu suy nghl cm anh (chi) ve y nghJa cm cciu ngqn ngu V Huy-go qua cau noi cua nhan vat Giang Van-giang phifongTay: Ao cu nhimg tarn hon luon moi I , - Thuong yeu la su dong cam, chia se, hieu biSt giira nguoi voi nguai, la sir cuxi mang, giiip da nguai khae de ho c6 the vuot moi GOI Y C A C H L A M BAI kho khan, gian kho, vuot qua ca chinh minh lam nen nhung qua, - Dan dSt, neu van de nhung chiSn cong vT dai - Giai thich va chung minh y nghTa cua cau ngan ngu - Doi song tinh cam ciia loai nguoi la mot y8u to v6 cung quan trong, no lam nen su s6ng cda loai ngoai (phan biet voi loai vat) Chinh nha tinh cam - tinh yeu thuong giira nguai voi nguoi ma kSt tinh nhirng thu tinh cam bao la rong Ion khae nhu: tinh yeu gia dinh, tinh yeu lang xom que huong va rpng Ian hon la tinh yeu dSt nuac - Tuy nhien, quan niem ciia V Huy-go la tuyet doi hoa tinh thuong (tren dai, chi c6 dieu iy thoi ) Mot quan niem h8t sue sieu hinh khang dinh tinh thuong c6 the cuu r6i nhan loai, tinh thuong c6 the cai tao xa hoi - Song "xa hoi an thit nguoi", quan niem ciia V Huy-go, mot mat xoa diu noi dau cho eon nguoi, nhung mat khae lai thii tieu su dSu tranh cai tao xa hoi ,,,, -I- Giai thich: Chu nhung the hien quan he d6i lap giira be ngoai {do cu) va nhijTig gia trj ben (tdm hdn luon moi) ciia nguoi Ao cu ham y chi nguoi c6 be ngoai cu ki, ao quan khong dep, khong mot, d6 diing khong moi, khong dSt tiSn; cupc s6ng vat chSt khong du da, khong giau sang; phong thai khong sanh dieu Tam hhn la gia tn ben trong, la the gioi tinh than, la tri tue, tinh cam ciia nguoi Dat hai khia canh noi tren quan he doi lap, cau ngan nguphuong Tay da khang djnh mot phuong cham s6ng dong thoi cung la mot quan niem each danh gia nguoi Gia tri dieh thuc ciia nguoi khong nam a cai be ngoai Gia tri dich thuc cua chiing ta la a tri tue, tam hon Moi nguoi luon can biet coi doi song tinh than, khong ngung lam moi me, phong phiJ them doi song tam hon + Chung minh: (Chpn din chung tieu biSu thuc tS va van hoc) VD: Hinh tuong Bac H6 van hoc va thuc te cupc s6ng ciia Bac ngpai doi la mot minh chiing tieu bieu cho phuong cham song Ao cu nhung tdm hhn luon mod T6 Hun ca ngpi Bac: Mot dai bach chdng vdng son / Mong manh vdi hdn mudn trugng / Hon tuong dong phai nhimg I6i mdn (Bdc ai!) Ca cupc doi ciia Bac, la mot nien di tim li tuong hay da tro vi Chu tich nuac, Bae luon song rat gian di Nhimg cuoc song cua nguoi gian di ay lai la cuoc song khong ngung hoc hoi, ren luyen, trau doi, boi duong de c6 dugc nhan, tri, dQng k8t tinh ve dep tri tue, tarn hon ciia nhan dan, dan toe - Binh luan: i + Co nguai coi doi song vat chat, coi nhe tri tue, tarn hon Do la quan niem sal lam c6 the dan den hau qua nghiem can phe phan I + Mat khac, c6 nguoi qua chu d6n tarn h6n ma coi nhe dai s6ng vat chat, coi nhe be ngoai Coi gia tri tinh than nhung khong c6 nghia la xem thuong vat chat, be ngoai Triet hoc vat bien chung da chung minh van de Chu trong, danh gia cao gia tri cua nguoi a tam h6n khong c6 nghia la ta mai mai chap nhan doi ngheo, de cho bS ngoai xau xi, luom thupm, nhem nhuoc Trong thai dai hien nay, quan niem lech lac anh huong tai chii truong phat triSn nguai loan dien, den su phat trien phon thinh cua dat nuac + Nhu vay, boi canh xa hoi hien nay, ngudi phai biet phan dau toan dien Sir phan dau la khong ngimg Nhat la the gioi tam hon nguoi rat de tm can coi, kho khan qua thai gian, va nhung biSn dgng cuoc s6ng Phai luon hoc hoi, quan sat, tich luy, suy nglm Do la each tot nhat de ren tu duy, boi duong tam hon + Tam hon luon tuai mai se giiip nguoi thoai mai, tu tin, yeu doi, lac quan, lang man Do la nhung ySu t6 cSn thiSt de chung ta s6ng khoe hon, vui han, c6 ich hon, hanh phuc hon - Bai hoc nhan thirc va hanh dong cho moi nguoi, nhat la voi the he tre thai ki doi moi va hoi nhap hien + Nhan thuc: Thay dugc day la mot quan niem s6ng tich cue, dung dan, hihi ich; mot each nhin nhan, danh gia nguoi sau sac Chung ta dong tinh, iing hp quan diem s6ng + Hanh dong: La hoc sinh, nen an mac gian di, c6 tac phong va loi song phii hgp voi hoan canh gia dinh, voi tinh hinh dat nuac Phan dau huong tai cai dep trang nha, hon nhien, sang Co y thiic tu giao due ban than, nang cao hieu biet, cam thu cuoc song, lam giau doi song tam hon Loi ru tham hoi xuan m HOANG THU HA •r GV THCS Bach Lieu - Yen Thanh - Nghe An v' Trong bai tha Con cd, (Nguvdn 9, tap hai) nha tfia Che Lan Vien da viSt: "Lan len, lan len, lan len 'V Con lam gi? Con lam thi si! Canh CO trang lai bay hodi khong nghi ' Truac men nha Vd hai mat cdu van " i , , Theo em, vi led ru thdm hai xudn dy, nguai me Iqi mong mmh lan ten Idm thi si? Tumong mk cm nguai me hai tha, em c6 suy nghi g\ vai trd cua van chuang viec boi dap tam hon nguai? GOl Y CACH LAM BAI A Ve ki nang ') ' - Bai nghi luan CO b6 cue ro rang, hgp li , - Lap luan sac sao, giau sire thuyet phuc - DiJng tir, dat cau chinh xac, lien ket cac phan chat che - Van vi6t sang, giau hinh anh, cam xuc ::|,^viV ]/; - Chuyen y giua cac doan nhuan nhuy, tu nhien i'ijv>v B Vlkignthut wc Lam noi bat dugc hai y: VI nguoi me lai mong minh Ion len lam thi si? - Vi mu6n lam thi sT de mang long tir tam nhu mot thu hirong hoa Ihuan khiet dang cho coi nguoi, de luu giiicai dep, coi ngu6n nhan ban cho cuoc doi - Lam thi si de canh c6 tr^ng cua lai bay hoai coi tha menh mong, danh thiic nhiing xao dong t6 vi va nggt ngao cua tam hon nguoi, cua tam hon nhan loai -'^' ' - M e mong lam thi sT la de thoat khoi nhirng toan tinh tran tuc de hirang vao the giai noi cam ciia tam h6n * Va ngu khong la nha tha, thi me cung mong c6 trdi tim cua mot thi si Tumong le&c cua ngwdi me bdi thff, suy nghi ve vai tro cila van chuong vice bdi dap tdm hdn ngudi " - B6 cue bai viet chat che, luan diem ro rang, hop l i , c6 sue thuygt phuc ' - D i l n dat luu loat, ngon ngu c6 sue ggi - Dan chung phong phu, tieu bieu (ea van chuong va ca dai s6ng thue t i l n ) - N6u nhu cac bp mon khoa hoc tir nhien Toan, L i , Hoa boi dip cho nguai tri tue thi van chuong lai b6i dip tam h6n '? B V6 kien thik - T u hinh anh nguoi anh trai cua c6 be Kieu Phuong truyen Biic + Giijp nguoi biet hon gian yeu thuang: + Biet dong cam se chia truac noi dau ciia nguai khac tranh cua em gdi toi (Ngu van 6, tap hai) rut dugc ban chat ciia thoi + Biet uac m a hi vpng ghen t i , bieu hien va hau qua ciia thoi ghen t i Phan biet dugc thoi ghen (Lay mot s6 dan chung tieu bieu van hoc va thirc ti cua ban than de chung minh) - N o i tom lai van chuong chan chinh se lam cho tam hon nguai phong phu han, tinh te han, sau ISng hon, nhan ban han va giup nguoi huong thien, gop phSn lam dep cuoc dai ti voi su thi dua: "Giira long ghen t i va su thi dua c6 mot khoang xa each nhu giiJa tat xSu xa va due hanh." (La Bruy-e) ,f ,^ - Ghen ti la ghen ghet, d6 k i , la uSt uc, ham hue truoc su cong, trunc su uu viet hoae truoc uy tin ciia nguoi khac " T h o i ghen t i la mot thuoe tinh ciia nguoi - luon luon an nau ta va luon luon cho thoi "Con ran ghen ti" CO de' nhay bo vao chi phoi nhung suy nghi, ling xu, hanh dong ciia ta 13 tac oai tac quai " (Ta Duy Anh) cai rdn ghen tuc, k i se tim each khuSt phuc l i tri de ngoc dau day HOANGTHUHA GV THCS Bach Lieu - Yen Thanh - Nghe An - V i vay thoi ghen tj c6 the lam cho nguoi tro nen nhat nheo, tam thuong, tham chi ich k i va doc ac D6i voi ca nhan, no lam thui chot nhiSu tinh cam t6t dep, n h i l u m6i quan he thieng lieng Doi vod xa hoi, no k i m DE BAI "Dung di ran ghen ti ludn vdo tim Do Id mot ran doc, no gam mon khdi oc vd lam ddi bqi trdi tim" (Et-mon-do daA-mi-xi) Tit nhan vat nguai anh truyen ngdn But tranh ciia em gdi toi (Ngitvdn 6, tap hai), em cd suy nghi gi vi thoi ghen ti cua nguai ham tai nang, can trd phat trien, tham chi la keo liii su phat trien ciia Heh su (dan chung) - Do do, qua trinh hoc tap va ren luyen de hoan thien nhan each ciia minh, chiing ta phai dung cam, phai kien quyet loai bo thoi ghen t i : "Diing de cho An ghen tj lu6n vao tim Do la mot rdn doe, GOI Y C A C H L A M BAI ^ V A Ve ki nang - BiSt van dung k i t hop cac thao tac lap luan nhu phan tich, giai thich, chung minh de viSt bai nghi luan xa hoi no gam mon khoi 6c va lam d6i bai trai t i m " (Et-mon-do A - m i - x i ) - Quan nguc c6 pham chat cao quy: Bai hoc dao li tu "Chii nguoi tu tu" r + BiSt yeu cai tai sang tao nen cai dep; nguai c6 nghla nhu HuSn Cao + Co sa thich cao quy: sof thich choi chu CHUTHjHAO GV THPTHung Virang - Phii Tho + Tuy s6ng giira vung bian nha cua xa hoi nhung quan nguc van giir vung dugc thien luong sang Bai hoc DE B A I Bid hoc dao If ina cinh (chi) tie'p nhgn dmrc tie nhan vat quan ni^uc truyen ngan Chungiroi , , tietd cua Nguy in Tuan - Xua nay, nguai ta thuang nggi ca Huan Cao mot nhan vat sieu pham va tiSp nhan a Huan Cao k h i phach hien ngang, thien luang sang, c6 cai nhin nhiSu c h i l u doi v a i nguai nhung lai quen di nhan vat quan nguc " m o t am treo chen giira mot ban GOl Y C A C I I L A M B A I dan ma mgi nhac luat deu h6n loan, x6 b6" Khong chi c6 Huan Cao A G o i y chung , - Hoc sinh can nam vung npi dung tu tuong va nghe thuat cua truyen toa sang ch6n nguc tu ma quan nguc cung thang hoa k h i gap Huan Cao ngan Chi7 ngmri tie tii ( N g u y i n Tuan) - Nam vung k l nang lam bai van nghi luan v6 tu tuang, dao l i - Nhan each cua quan nguc toa sang chinh la bai hoc cho nguai doc: B G o i y cu the + Can biSt tran nhung gia tri van hoa truyen thong ciia dan tgc Hoc sinh can trinh bay dugc cac y chinh sau: + can biet tran nhirng nguai tai hoa, nghia k h i , thien luong / Md-bdi sang - Nguyen Tuan la nguai nghe sT say me kiSm tim cai dep, sang tao cai dep , + Truac cai ac, cai xau cSn phai c6 ban ITnh vung vang + Cai dep c6 the cuu vat nguai - Nhan vat ciia N g u y i n Tuan dii la loai nguai nao cung c6 pham chilt cija ngirai nghe sT /// Kit bai - Quan nguc khong chi la mot hinh tugng nghe thuat song dgng ton - Quan nguc la hien than cho cai dep theo quan niem cua NguyEn Tuan, giijp ngucri doc tiSp nhan dugc bai hoc dao l i sau sSc vinh cai tai, cai dep ma huang nguai doc den cai dep, cai thien, khai ggi cho nguai doc suy ngam ve nhung bai hoc dao l i sau sac // Than bai Tinh huong truyen ; ' ' - Cuoc gap go oai am tra treu giira Huan Cao va quan nguc Dac diem cua nhan vat quan nguc - Quan nguc, mot ticu lai giii tu nhung lai la ngucri hicu bi6t: tCmg doc va nghia sach h i l n • bieu cung v a i lap luan thuyet phuc, dien dat sang, gian d j , c6 Noi dura g| NGUYE:N GV THPT "hSt van chuang TH! HAO Quynh « f / ) i J i i M Tho - Quynh Phu - Thai Binh ^ - De bai viet sau sac, hoc sinh nen ban luan ca nhung quan diem chua thuc sir dung dan, c6 tinh thirc dung va hau qua ciia nhihig quan diem ay a mot s6 ca nhan xa hoi lien quan den van de trinh bay - Hoc sinh khong sa da vao viec cam nhan bai tho Van ban chi c6 y DE BAI ' Noi dua Nf^irai dan nao dat dm nhd di tren duang kia? Khiion mat tre dep diim vao nhung mCen xa nao Dm he dang lam cham mudn chay len, hai chan no cu nem ve phia trudc, ban tay hoa hoa mot dieu mm ki la Vd cat mieng liu lo khong thank lai, hat mot hai hat chm tung c6 Ai hiet ddu, dm he hmrc chm vung lai chinh la nai dm cho nguai dan bd song nghla ggi mo suy nghi de hoc sinh xay dung cac luan diem ciia minh v6 tu tuong B Ve kign thuc Bai vi6t dam bao duac cac y chinh sau: ' ' - Trong cuoc s6ng cua nguai, "nai dua" dugc hie'u la mot diem tua, mot ch6 dua ve mat tinh thSn hoac vat chat Co mot " n o i dua" chSc chSn, on dinh, nguai se de c6 mot cuoc s6ng tot dep - Thong thuong, " n o i dua" cua nguai ySu la nguai manh, " n o i dua" cua nguai gia la nguai tre nhung bai tha nay, Nguyen Dinh T h i lai CO cai nhin ngugc lai: "Nguai me" dua vao "dira tre", "nguai chien * * Nguai chien sJ ndo da hd cu tren duang kia? Doi mdt anh cd cdi dnh rieng cm doi mat da nhieu Idn nhln vdo cdi chit Bd cu lung cong tua tren cdnh tay anh huac tung hmk run rdy Tren khuon mat gid nua, khong hiet hao nhieu nip nhdn dan vdo nhau, moi nep nhdn chua dipig hao ndi cue nhoc gang gdi mot dcri Ai hiet ddu, hd cu huc/c khong vCtng lai chinh Id nai dm cho nguai chiin vT di qua nhimg thu thdch (Nguyin Dmh Thi, Tin ndng, NXB Van hoc, Hd Noi, 1983) Bdi thag(xi cho anh (chi) suy nghi gi vi "nai dm" cuoc sfmg? sJ" dua vao "bd cu gid" N h u vay, "nai dua" cuoc song khong nhat thiet phai c6 y nghla vat chat, voi tien tai, dja vi xa hoi, tuoi tac, sue manh ca bap Thuc te cho thay " n a i dua" quan nhat voi nguai, va t6n tai lau b i n hon ca chinh la tinh than, tinh cam, bai c6 diem tua tinh than, tinh cam, nguai ta se tim thay dugc nhung niem vui, y nghla cuoc song va tao nhijng sue manh tinh than Ion lao, k i dieu {"dm tre" la niem vui song cua "nguai me", "bd cu gid" la nguon dpng vien tinh than giup "nguai chiin si" vugt qua thu thach ) - Trong nhirng " n o i dua" ciia cuoc song, diem tua chung de moi nguai phat trien chinh la tuang lai va qua khu ciia minh ("dua tre " la bieu tugng ciia tuong lai, "bd cu gid" la bieu tugng ciia qua khu) Tuang lai GOI Y CACH L A M BAI eho nguai dpng lire de hi vgng, phan dau Qua khu cho nguai tam A V l ki nang guang soi minh de song tot ban hien tai - '• - Hoc sinh biet lam mot bai van nghi luan xa hoi c6 b6 cue mach - " N a i dua" rdt can thiSt de' nang dof cuoc s6ng ciia nguai Tuy lac, he thong luan diem ro rang, logic, biet lam sang to luan diem vay, m6i nguai cung phai luon biet dung viing tren doi chan ciia minh de thong qua viec chon loc va phan tich ngSn gon nhirng d i n chung tieu phan dau va t u khang dinh gia tri cuoc song ciia minh ' f,iv6\• ' Tam bang Q D O A N THl T H U H A N G GV THPT Phan Boi Chau - Tuyen Hod - Quang Binh Dk BAI Doc bai tha sau: T§m bang Cuoc iUri cimg c6 nhmg tam hang De lam giCiy chmg minli De chu mong dgt Nliung tam hang nhu nhCmg hang chi dinmg qua nhmg dinmg phS hep Di din dgi lo cuoc dc/i cdng ma rang them Co nhCmg vT nhan dirac nhdn loqi khdc ten Bai cdc tdm hang ximg danh lich sir Vd CO nhirng tdm hang chihig nhdn nhihig viec lam nho, Nhimg CO gang het m)nh, vdn quy hiet hao! Co dirac dieu Ian lao Tu nhmg g\ he Dung hao gia chihig minh cuoc dai hang nhiing g) khong the Nhu nhimg tdm hang khong hdng duqc chmh ta * Co di huac gdn mai den quang xa Mai hien duqc cdi khong thdnh cd the Dimg mong chd cd hdn re Ddu le ddi hdnh ve se len tien ? * Nhirng tdm hdng cd ddng ddu ki ten Chi Id gidy thong hdnh di vdo cuoc sdng Nhung quy gia han Id cuoc ddi ghi nhdn v H i i vw- \\ Mai Id - TAM BANG - hang - cua - chinh - ta (Hodng Ngoc Quy) , Ld mot hoc sinh sap tSt nghiep THPT, se cdm tren tay tdm hang de buck- vdo dai hay di tiep tuc chinh phuc nhung tdm hang cao hait, anh (chi) CO suy nghi gi ve gid tri, y nghia cua "tdm hdng " hdi tha tren ? GOI Y CACH LAM BAI A We ki nang ti^w, -h; - Hoc sinh can phoi hop cac thao tac: phan tich, chung minh, binh luan, so sanh - Bai viet ro rang, chat che, c6 sang tao B Ve kien thiic I.Mffbdi , Giod thieu ve bai tha, ve vai tro cua nhirng tam bang dai song // Than bai Trirac di vao binh luan, can phan tich de thay duuc gia trj cija tam bang qua noi dung timg kho tha: i - Kho 1: Tam bang ma nhiing neo duong tuong lai tuai sang - Kho 2: Can biet quy nhirng tam bang phan anh diing thuc chat sir CO gang cua ban than, du la tam bang danh gia hay binh thuong - Kho 3: Phai chijng minh vai cuoc dai bang gia tri thirc ciia ban than chu khong phai bang gia trj ghi tren tam bang Vi no chua phan anh day dii nang lire thuc ciia ban than ' - Kho' 4: Co c6 gSng thi se dat duac tam biing tuong xung Nhirng tam b3ng "gia" khong giiip ta dat - Kho cuoi: Tam bang thirc chat chi la ta giay thong hanh cho ta buac vao dai Con gia tri thirc ciia no phai de cuoc dai ghi nhan, thuoc vao khii nang moi nguai * Tom lai, thong diep cua bai tha la gi? ^ ftqiin i' - Kha nang cua m6i ngirai van dung vao cuoc song nhu thS nao, se la tdm bang phan anh dung thirc chat hon la tSm bang - to gidy - ho dang CO ''I -m^'' Sir dat : DOAN THI THU HANG GV THPTPhan * K8t hop vua phan tich vua \iy v i du thirc t8 dai s6ng, lich su, van — — chuong de chung minh nhung nhan dinh tren * Binh luan: ••••• ,^ ^ - Tim bang la sir can thiet de buac vao doi, song de c6 tuoTig lai vung iko Boi Chdu - Tuyen Hod - Qudng Binh • • •••^ ' ' • • ^' • DEBAI •••• 11, :•,, J i ' M ' , J/ "Su dat cua toi khong phai a cac day so tai khodn ngdn chac can no lire va ren luyen hang, md chfnh la luc toi hie^t cho di, san se nhCmg g\ co vai nhung - Can CO thai tran nhung tSm bang dat dugc tu su c6 gang nguai can duac giiip da Toi co hoc cao de'n mciy cung chua du, chi cua ban than - Phe phan nhung ke mua danh, mua bang cap de muu cau danh Igi - Khong nen dat chuyen bang cip Khong phai ban than tam bang ma ban than su lao dong chan chinh m a i la thuac gia tri nao toi dung su hieu hiSt cua niinh de hd tra, nang da nguai khdc, thi luc toi mai thuc su dat" (Trich tra hri phdng vein ciia nhd van nit Phiing Le Ly tren hdo Phu nu chu nhqt, sf) 18, ngciy 17.5.2009) moi nguai - Lien he v l gia tri tam bang cuoc song nay: xa hoi rat can bang cSp, nhimg tam bang chung nhan, nhung tren het, can cai tam, cai '•' ' Anh (chi) co suy nghl gl ve su dat cau ndi tren? Lieu no CO mdu thudn vai khdi niem dat ndi chung md chung ta vdn thmmg quan niem cuoc song ngdy nay? tai thuc chat ciia moi nguai - Lien he ban than: + Nhan thuc dung gia tri, vai tro cua tam bang + Xac dinh lap truong dung dan de phSn dSu hoc tap, de nhan dugc GOl Y CACH LAM BAI ' ''-fti'-' •'"••^^ - A Ve ki nang tSm bang phan anh dung thuc chat ciia minh - Can phoi hop ciic thao tac: giai thich, chung minh, so sanh va binh luan + Bay to suy nghi, quan diem rieng - Lap luan chat che, bo cue ro rang, van phong sang, giau sue /// ; thuyctphuc, Ket bdi - Khang djnh gia tri ciia tam bang thuc B Vd kien thirc - Nang cao van d l gia tri tam bang doi song / - Bai hoc cho ban than Neu dugc van de can nghi luan: mot each hieu khac v6 su dat * Lmi y // Than bdi Hoc sinh c6 the 16ng ghep cac thao tac, tu bay to y kien, quan - Giai thich khai niem: thd nao la sir dat? diem rieng cija minh, mien la bai viet dung tam, hieu van de va co d i u an ca nhan ' rif.' Mffbdi tiifJM i-.' + Thanh dat la dat ket qua tot dep dat muc dich v6 sir nghiep, lam nen (Tu di^n tieng Viet) Tur phe binh + DSn chung: \iy tix doi song thirc te - Thanh dat y kiSn tren dugc hieu nhu thi nao? TRANTHIVIETHANG + Giai thich nhiSng tir: "chocti", "sanse", "hdtra", "nanfi ct(J" dc hieu dat a day chinh la sir d6ng cam, chia se Do la tinh thuong dong loai GV THPT Quynh Luu - Quynh Luu - Nghe An ' " + Xet v6 mat tinh thSn, chiing ta bi6t cho di, iy la liic chung ta se nhan lai hanh phuc Thanh dat chinh la su thoa man vai hanh phuc minh DfeBAI CO dugc the hien long nhan dao - So sanh: quan niem v6 sir dat noi chung thai dai Tron^ hai Tie phe binh, ctdng tren bdo Nhan Dan sd 176, ni>dy 10/4/1954, Bdc Hd c6 vich: vod quan niem dat cua nha van Phijng Le Ly: "Dao CO nidi mdi sac + Quan niem chung cho rang: dat gan lien vai su nghiep Vang CO thui mai ve vang, mot t i l n hua hen, su giau c6 ve tien bac, dinh cao ciia Nicac CO loc mai sack vinh quang Ngmri c6 tu phe hmh, mdi tien hiV' + Quan niem ciia nha van Phung Le Ly: dat la niem vui gat hai dugc tir tSm 15ng vi tha, tir viec lam y nghia, su giau c6 ve mat tinh than + KhSng djnh: Quan niem ciia nha van Phung Le Ly khong mau thuan ma bo sung cho quan niem truyen thong ma thoi j Suy nghl ciia anh (chi) ve tdm quan cua fuphe binh • , Cai Y C A C H L A M BAI A Ve kl nang Hoc sinh biet each lam bai van NLXH, sii dung ket hgp cac thao tac - Binh luan: lap luan hop H de lam bai + Do la quan niem s6ng tich cue, tign bp, mot loi song dep cuoc song ma nien can hoc tap B Ve kien thik * Gidi thich khdi niem tu phe bmh: Tu phe binh la tu nhan thuc, tu + Da CO nhieu nguoi ciing c6 quan niem song tren nhin nhan de danh gia diing ban than + DSn chung thuc te dai s6ng: Nhimg tam guang dat lam nhan * Tcii phdi tu phe bmh? Bdi moi ngudi rSt kho tu kiem soat, danh gia dung hanh vi va kha nang ciia chinh minh Thong thudng moi dao, tir thien - Lien he ban than ngudi thudng bi chinh "cai toi" ca nhan liin at nen kho nhin nhan dung /// Kit bdi ve chinh minh Dieu de sinh tinh tu thoa man, tinh kieu ngao, KhSng djnh day la mot quan niem song dep, c^n phat buy; ket hgp bao thii ^ , * Vai tro ciia tu nhan thuc, tu phe binh doi vai moi ngmri: bay to thai dp, suy nghl ciia ban than - Gmp cho ca nhan moi ngudi nhin nhan, danh gia dung ban than % (VH&ITs6thdng - 2009) - Nhan dugc nhirng sai lam, han che ma chiing ta mac phai de kjp thdi siia chira « _ , _ ^ - Tir phe binh va phe binh c6 moi quan he vai nhau: K h i chung ta chua tir phe binh, tir nhan thuc thi ta chua the nghe lai phe binh ciia ngucri khac Va chung ta tu phe binh dugc chinh minh thi mai c6 the' phe binh nguoi khac .,;.,,;„:,., J Tieng vong f g CAO T H ! HOAN GV THPT chuyen Quang Trung - Binh ;u'j i Phaoc - DSi lap voi tinh tu phe binh, tu nhan thuc la tinh kieu ngao ' - Mu6n nhan thuc duuc va danh gia dugc kha nang cua ban than thi phai thong qua boat dong thuc tien "Mot'con ngucri kho c6 the nhan thuc dugc chinh minh Do khong phai la viec lam cua tu ma la ciia thuc t i l n Hay sue thuc hien bon phan cua minh, luc ban lap tuc hieu dugc gia t n cua chinh minh" (Got) Tieng vong rihig sau - * Co mot cau he ngo nghich thmmg hi me khien trdch Ngdy no gian me, cau chgy den mot thung lung canh khu rung ram Lciy hit sue minh, cciu het km: "Toi ghet nguoi" Tukhu rung c6 tiing vong lai: "T6i ghet nguoi" Cau * Cfnmg minh - bmh luan: hodng hot quay ve sd vdo Idng me khoc nuc nd Cau khong hiiu dugc tit - Chimg minh: Trong cupc s6ng nhiSu ngucri khong biet tu phe khu rung lai c6 nguoi ghet cau > binh, kiem diem, dSn tai sai ISm (dan chung) Hau qua se khon luong n6u khong bi&t tu phe Ngugc lai nhung nguoi biet t u phe se c6 ca hoi de cong - Binh luan: Khong phai cijng dam tu phe, tu nhan nhijng sai „• > xvm\ Nguai me nam tay con, dua tra lai khu rung Bd noi: "Gia thi hay het that to: Toi yeu ngucri" La lung thay, cau vua dirt tieng th) cd tieng vong lai: "Toi yeu ngucri" Luc nguai me mdi gidi thich cho hieu: "Con ai, la dinh luat cuoc song cua chung ta Con cho dieu g] se nhan dieu Ai gieo gio th) gcit bdo NSu thu ghet sot cua ban than Co nguoi biSt sai lam nhung van vi pham, ho bat chap ngucri th) ngucri cung thu ghet ccm NSu yeu thucmg nguai tlii ngucri luan thuong dao l i , bat chap phap luat cUng yeu thucmg con" - T u phe binh khong dSng nghla vai tu thSp ban than, cung ' ,,| (Theo Qua tang cuoc song, NXB Tre, 2004) Tu cau chuyen tren, em cc> suy nghi g\ nwi quan he giua cho vd khong CO nghia lam cho chung ta chi nhan nhimg khuyet diem de nhan cuoc song nan chi Ma ban chat ciia phe binh la tien bo ••/ > GOT Y C A C H L A M BAI A Ve kl nang Tren ca sa hieu ro van ban Tieng vcnig rung sau va yeu cau nghj luan ciia de, hoc sinh biet each lam mot bai van nghj luan xa hoi Bai viet the' hien von song thuc te, cac dan chung lam ro luan diem cSn tieu bieu, cu the, CO sue thuyet phuc, tranh nhung dan chung chung chung Dien dat tot, khuyen khich nhung bai viet sang tao B Ve kien thuc Hoc sinh co the trinh bay van de theo nhieu each khac nhau, nhung can dam bao cac y ca ban sau: *' i v j ^ "Hay birac qua va dem tung vien s o i " / Gidi thich: + Yeu: la trang thai cam xuc quyen luyen, quy men, gan bo giua ngirai vai ngircri va giija ngirai vod van vat cupc song K h i minh the hien thai do, cam xiic tran quy mSn doi vai ai, vai vat gi thi minh ^ se nhan lai dugc nhirng tinh cam tuang tir NGUYfiNVANHOC GV THCS Phan Dinh Phung - Thanh Khe - TP Da Ndng + Ghet: la trang thai ac cam, khong gdn bo, khong ua thich cua nguai, d6i lap hfln vai yeu K h i minh bay to thai do, tinh cam khinh bac, hat hiii d6i vai mot do, vai vat gi thi se nhan dugc ket qua tuang tu Dfi BAI ,:vv-vV:, •• ' - Cau chuyen de cap den m6i quan he giua cho va nhan cugc Such "Co hoc tinh hoci" c6 viet: "Hay huac qua va dim tung vien dai m6i nguai Khi nguai trao tang cho nguai khac tinh cam gi thi se nhan lai dugc tinh cam DSy la moi quan he nhan qua va cung soi" L/ri khuyen dinh huang g\ em hoc tap vd cuoc song? la quy luat tat yeu ciia cugc song Bieu hien ciia mdi quan he cho vd nhan cuoc song: - M o i quan he giiia cho va nhan cugc song v6 ciing phong phu, Ogi Y CACH LAM BAI - Kieu bai nghi luan xa hgi Van de nghi luan rut dugc cau noi bao gom ca vat chat Ian tinh than - M d i quan he gii>a cho va nhan khong phai bao gia cung ngang bang cugc s6ng: c6 ta cho nhieu nhung nhan lai it han va ngugc lai C O tac dung Idn den vice hgc hanh, thai song tich cue ciia the he tre - Giai thich cau noi: - M o i quan he giiia cho va nhan khong phai bao gia cung la minh cho + "Hay buck qua ": la moi ngudi hay tu budc di b3ng chinh doi chan nguai va nhan ciia nguai do, ma nhieu minh nhan d nguai ma minh ciia minh, dau kho nhgc nhung chSc chan, de biet dugc gia t n ciia ban chua h i cho Va cai minh nhan c6 la su bang long vai chinh minh, la su hoan thien han nhan each lam nguai ciia minh cugc song Lam thi ndo di thirc hien tot moi quan he giua cho vd nhan cuoc song? - Con nguai phai biSt cho cugc ddi nhung gi tot dep nhat: Do la su yeu thuong, tran trgng, cam thong giup da Ian ca ve vat chat Ian than; c6 nghTa rang hay tu luc, tu minh giai quyet mgi van de, can dam, vugt qua mgi trd ngai kh6 khan ciia cugc s6ng, nhSt la hgc tap, c6 the mdi biet tich luy kien thuc va von song ma cong cugc ddi - "Dem tiing vien soi" nghla la su kien tri, nhan nai va can man doi vdi tiing viec, dau la viec nhd nhat nhat tinh than chii khong phai la su cho - nhan vi muc dich vu I g i - Con nguai can phai biet cho nhieu han la nhan lai - Phai biSt cho ma khong hi vgng minh se dugc dap den - T i j hgc sinh c6 nhiing djnh hudng cu the ddi vdi viec hgc tap va nep song - De cho n h i l u hem, ngudi can phai c6 gang phan dau ren luyen - Hgc sinh hieu mdi tuong quan gii>a hai vS: "Hay budc qua" la tiSn va hoan thien minh, lam cho minh giau c6 ca ve vat chat Ian tinh than de de at phai cd nhung de hoan thien minh thi phai bi8t "dim tung vien soi" C O the yeu thuong nhieu hon cugc ddi - Khi lam bai, hgc sinh nen neu mot sd dan chiing vg t i m guong nhirng Khdng dinh vdn de: Vin d l dat cau chuyen la bai hgc \e mot 16i s6ng dep: Song nhan l i i , luon yeu thuang va bao dung vdi cugc ddi ngudi tu lap, biet vugt qua hoan canh, vuon tdi dich bang nghj lire, su kien tri, nhan nai ciia minh; t i i lien he, riit bai hgc cho chinh minh