TIM HIEU MOI OUAN HE CHINH TRI-NCOAI GIAO GIUA VIET NAM VA MIANMA TlT NAM 1975 DEN NAY D A O T U A N THANH' NGUYfiN THI NGOC B I C H " V iflt Nam vfi Mianma (1) lfi hai qud'c gia Dflng Nam A luc dia cd nhieu diim tQdng dong lich sQ phfit triin eua moi dfin tfic (2) TQ sau Chifih tranh thfi gidi thQ Hai, Vifit Nam vfi Mianma da tich cQc ung hp cufic dfi'u tranh chd'ng chu nghia thQe dan vi n i n dfic Ifip, tU cua moi nUde Mfi'i quan he truyen tho'ng va hQu nghi giQa Viet Nam vfi Mianma da dupc cfic lanh tu cua phong trfio giai phong dan tpc dfit n^n mdng vfi vun dap Sau Vifit Nam hofin thfinh sU nghifip tho'ng nhfi't dfi't nUdc, viflc hai nUde chinh thQc nang cfi'p quan hfl ngoai giao tQ Tong Lanh sQ Ifln cfi'p Dai sQ vfio ngfiy 28 thang nfim 1975 da thuc sU tao dpng lUc radi thuc diy quan hd ehinh tri-ngoai giao giQa Vifit Nam vfi Mianma Trong thfip nien cuoi cQng eua thfi^ ky XX vfi nhQng nfim d i u the' ky XXI, mdi quan he chinh tri-ngoai giao giQa Viflt Nam vfi Mianma da cd nhQng budc tifih trien quan trpng, boi canh hai nude cQng phfi'n dfi'u hdi nhfip tofin didn vfio ngdi nhfi ehung ASEAN Bai vifit nhfim tim hieu v^ moi quan hfl chinh tri- ngoai giao giQa Viflt Nam vfi Mianma tQ nfim 1975 den nay, vdi ba vfin de cd ban sau: Thit nhdt, nhQng cd ed cua mfli quan hfi chinh tri-ngoai giao giQa Vifit Nam vfi Mianma; Thii hai, nhQng thfinh tQu chu yfl'u cua mfii quan hfi chinh tri - ngoai giao giQa hai nUdc g i n thfip nien; Thit ba, tri^n vpng cua mfii quan hfi chinh tri-ngoai giao giQa Viflt Nam vfi Mianma thdi gian tdi I Nhitng c0 sd cua mdi quan hi chinh tri-ngoai giao giiia Viet Nam vd Mianma tit 1975 den Moi quan bfi chinh tri-ngoai giao giQa Viet Nam vfi Mianma dupe xfiy dUng vfi phfit trien dua tren nhieu cd sd nhU lich sQ, vfin hda, dia-ehinh tri , song theo ehung toi, nhiing cd sd dd, ca sd lich s^ giQ vi tri trung tdm, quan trgng hdng ddu Mfii quan he truyfin thfl'ng vfi hQu nghi giQa Viet Nam vfi Mifi'rt Difln/Mianraa da dupe eac lanh tu cua phong trfio giai phdng *PGS.TS Khoa Lich sd - TrUdng Dai hpc Su pham Hfi Nfii " Khoa Lich sQ - Trudng Dai hpc Su ph?m Hfi Nfii 44 dfin tfic hai nude dfit n^n mdng vfi vun d i p cQng vdi thdi gian Sau nfim 1945, Vifit Nam vfi Mianma dfi a i t c i n h bfin cufic dfi'u tranh chtfng chu nghla thQc dfin, ung hfi l i n nhQng nfim thfing gian khd vi nfin dfic Ifip, tQ cua mdi dfin tfic Trong bQc difin gQi dng Aung San, Phd Chu tich Chinh phu nudc Difih Difin (3) ngfiy 27 thfing nfim 1947, Chu tjch Hd Chf Minh dfi vi^t: "ChQng tfli bfi't sQc cim dfing vi nhQng tinh c i m cua ngfii doi vdi dfin tfic Vifit Nam Thay m^t dfin tfic vfi Chfnh phu Vi^t Nam, vfi rifing tfii, tfli xin nhifit Ufit cam dn ngfii vfi nhQng vific ngfii da lfim vfi se lfim d l giup cho si^ dfi'u tranh gifinh tu eua nUde Vifit Nam Tfii xin gOi ngfii ldi chfio thfin i i " (4) Ngfiy thfing nfim 1948, bQc dien gdi T^ng thong Lifln bang Mifin Difin, Chu tieh Ho Chi Minh da vi^t: "Nhan Ngfiy Dfic Ifip eua Lien bang Mien Difin, thay mfit Chinh phu vfi nhan dan Viet Nam vfi nhfin danh ca nhfin, tdi ban hsinb gQi Tong thong ldi chfio nhiet liet vfi chuc mQng chan thfinh Mien Dien hoa binh va phon vinh cua chung tdi Nhfin dip nfiy, chQng tfii xin bfiy td tinh cam bid't dn ve sQ ung hfi tinh t h i n kien djnh ddi vdi cufic dfi'u tranh eua chung tdi" (5) Theo chQng tdi, vdi t i m nhin xa rdng cua minh, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da sdm cd chu trQdng tranh thu rfing rai sQ ung hfi cua nhan dan tifl'n bfi tren thfl" gidi ndi chung vfi chfiu A ndi rieng cufic dfi'u tranh vi nfin dfic Ifip, tit cua dfin tflc Vifit Nam Quan dilm nfiy da dUpe Chu tjch Hfi Chi Minh khfing dinh bfii tra ldi phdng vfi'n cua nhfi bao A Steele, phdng vien Bao New York Herald Tribune nfim 1949 Khi dupc hdi "Ve" nguyfln tic, Ci;i cfl tan thfinh f kien thfinh Ifip kbfli hen hipp hay dong minh giQa cfic nUdc chfiu A Rghito CQTI Ljch sQ sfl 1.8013 khflng? Nfi'u c6 thi theo dudng 161 nfior (6) Chu tjch Hfi Chf Minh dfi tra ldi r i n g "Bfi't cQ sQ lifin hpp hay dong minh nfio nhim mi,ic dich lfim cho cfic nUdc giQp dd lin vfi cfing t i c thfin thifin vdi di b i o vfi dfic Ifip, hda binh vfi dfin chu dfiu Ifi td't ca" (7) Cd t h i coi dfiy lfi nguyfin tic/kim chl nam dfin dUdng cho Vidt Nam tfing cudng sQ dofin kfi't vdi Mifi'n Difin cufic d i u tranh chfi'ng chu nghia thQc dfin cQ, mdi nUdc cd mfit hofin canh ci^ thi, ke thQ vfi phQdng thQc dfi'u tranh khfic Vfi cd lfi, theo chung tdi, quan dilm cua Chu tjch Hfi Chf Minh vfi sQ dofin ke't giQa cac dfin tpc chau A vl sU thjnh vUpng ehung cdn rfi't cd f nghia soi dudng cho Vifit Nam hfii nhfip sfiu rdng vfi d i y du vfio ngfli nhfi chung ASEAN tQ sau nfim 1995 S Q ung hfi vfi dofin kfit vdi nhfin din Mifih Difin lfi quan dilm nhfi't qufin ciia Chinh phu nUdc Vifit Nam Dfin chu Cflng hda Trong bQc difin gOi Ngfii Thu tUdng Thakm Nu vfio t h i n g 12 nfim 1949 nhfin djp ky nidm Ngfiy Dflc Ifip cua Mi^n Difin, Chu tich Ho Chf Minh khfing dinh: " chiing tfli xin bfiy td long biet dn anh em Mifi'n Difin vfi sU dofin k^t hQu nghi vdi cufic dfi'u t r a n h cua chung tdi gifinh dfic l§p dfin tfic Chung tfli ki nifim Ngfiy Ddc Ifip cua Mi^n Difin nhQ cua chinh chQng tfii vfi k h i n g dinh quan hfi anh em giQa nhan dfin hai nudc chQng ta ngfiy cfing dUpc tfing cudng vfi chfit che" (8) Mpt nhiJng b i l u hien sinh dpng cua tinh dofin k^t, hQu nghi cua nhfin dfin Vifit Nam vfi Mifi'n Difin lfi cfic chuyfi'n thfim vieng Ifin n h a u cua lanh dao cfi'p cao hai nudc Trong bfii phfit b i l u ngfiy 29 thfing 11 nfim 1954, chfio mQng Thu tQdng Miin Difln U Nu thfim chinh thQc nUdc ta, Chu tjch Ho Chf Mmh da bfiy td sU p h i n khdi cua nhan dfin Vifit Nam, Ngudi ndi: 'Tfii Tim hieu mfli quan h& ehinh hi rfi't vui mQng thay mfit nhan dfin Vifit Nam vfi Chfnh phu nQde Vifit Nam Dfin chu Cfing hda hoan nghfinh Thu tudng vfi bfi Thu tudng, hoan nghdnh cfic vi giup vific cua Thu tudng Mfit t h i n g trUdc day, chung tfli dupc ddn tiep Thu tUdng Neru, lanh ty An Dfi Hfim chQng toi dUpe ddn tifi'p Thu tudng, lanh tu Mifl'n Difin ChQng tdi liy lfim vinh hanh hai vi lanh tu cua hai nUde anh em l i n lUpt dfi'n t h i m Vifit Nam chung tdi Dieu dd cd mfit y nghia lich sQ r i t quan trpng: nd chQng to tinh hQu nghi giQa cfic dfin tflc chQng ta ngfiy cfing thfin mftt vfi iQc lupng hda binh Dfing Nam A ngfiy cfing phat triin vfi cung cfi" Trong nhQng khfing ehie'n gian kho d l gifinh dfic Ifip, ti^ do, nhfin dfin Vifit Nam dQpc nhan dfin Difin Difin thfit thfi dfing tinh vfi ung hp ChQng tfii muon nhan dip nfiy td ldi cam ta Chinh phu vfi nhfin dfin nude ban Ve v i n de qufi'c te", nhan dfin va Chinh phu Vifit Nam Dan chu Cong hda hofin toan tfin thfinh nguyfin tfic ldn ba Chinh phu Trung Hoa, An Dp vfi Dieh Difin da tuyen hi ChQng tfii nhfin r i n g lfi phUdng phap chic chin n h i t de giQ gin hda binh chau A vfi hda binh thfl' gidi"(9) Trong bQc difln mQng Tong tho'ng Mifi'n Dien U Vin Mdn ngfiy 17 t h i n g nfim 1957, nhan dip dng nhfim chQc Tong tho'ng Lien bang Mi6i Difin, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da k h i n g dinh " Tfii tin chfic r i n g tinh hQu nghi san cd giQa hai nUde Viflt Nam vd Mii'n Biin se ngdy cdng phdt trien" (10) De bay td sQ cam dn eua nhfin dfin Viflt Nam ddi vdi sU ung hd cua nhfin dfin An Dfi vfi Mifin Difln cufic d i u tranh giai phflng dan tdc, Chu tieh Hfi Chi Minh da d i n d i u dofin dai bieu cfi'p cao Viflt Nam thfim hai nUdc anh em Muc dich cua chuyfi^n di da dupc Bfic ndi rd eho dong bao bfii phfit bilu ngfiy t h i n g nfim 1958^.t^i san bay Gia Lfim: "Mi?c dich cua chung tfli lfi t h i t chfit hOn tinh hQu nghj giQa nude Vifit Nam, An Dfi vfi Mid'n Difin, dfing thdi d l tfing cUdng tinh dofin kfit giQa cfic dfin tfic A-Phi, dd them iQc lUpng giQ gin hda binh th^gidi" (11) TQ ngfiy 14 thfing dfi'n ngfiy 17 t h i n g nfim 1958, Chu tich Hfi Chf Minh da d i n d i u dofin dai bilu cfi'p eao nUdc Vi^t Nam Dfin chu Cdng hfla thfim chfnh thQe Lien bang Mifi'n Difin S Q ddn tifi'p trpng thi mfi Chinh phu vfi nhfin dan Mifi'n Difin dfinh cho dofin da vun d i p them tinh hQu nghi giQa hai dfin tde Trong cudc hpp bao tai thu dd Rfingun, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da khang dinh: "Hai nQde Viet Nam vfi Mifi'n Difln dfiu lfi nhQng nQde d chfiu A cd nhiiu diem gio'ng nhau, gfin vfi* vfin hda, phong tuc tfip qufin, cung nhQ ve dia ly hfiu, tfii nguyfin Hai nQde chQng ta da trai qua efie cupc d i u tranh gian khfi chflng thUe dan, gianh Ifi'y dflc Ifip dfin tflc Chinh phu vfi nhfin dfin Mifiii Difin da ung hfi tieh cQc nhan dan nQde chQng tfii IQc khfing chifl'n vfi da cung vdi An Dfl vfi nhi^u nQde A - Phi khfic ddng gdp mflt p h i n quan trpng vfio viflc Ifip lai hda binh d Viet Nam Ngfiy hai nudc chung ta da ddc Ifip, gan bd bing tinh t h i n Bfingdung, bing mdi tinh dofin ket giQa cac dfin tfic A - Phi, hai dfin tdc Vifit Nam vfi Mifi'n Difln dfiu mong mufi'n cd mfit nfin hda binh lau dfii de xfiy dQng mfit cuflc ddi tu do, ft'm no, de kid'n thie't xQ sd gifiu m^nh" (12) Cung nhfin dip nfiy, vfio ngfi^ 17 t h i n g nfim 1958, TrQdng Dai hpc Td'ng hpp Rfingun (Mianma) da trao tfing bing Tifin si Lufit hpe danh dQ cho Chu tich Ho Chi Minh Trong Tuyen bd" ehung cua Chu tich nUdc Viflt Nam Dan chu Cdng hda Hd Chi Minh va Thu tUdng Lifin bang Mifi'n Difln U Rghiin cQu lich siJr a01.2013 Nu t?Li Rfingun ngfiy 17 thfing nfim 1958 da nfiu ro: "Chu tich vfi Thu tUdng tin tudng sfiu sic r i n g tinh hinh qufi'c t^ nghiflm trpng nhu thff, hda binh chi ed t h i giQ gin dQpc trfln cd sd nfim nguyfln t i c chung so'ng hda binh Vific fip dyng nhQng nguyfln t i c nfiy quan hfi giQa cfic nQde sd gdp p h i n trQ bd ldng nghi ky vfi sp sfit lfi nguon gfi'c cua tinh hinh qudc tfi^ cfing t h i n g hien nay, vfi sfl tao nfln mpt b i u khflng khf thufin Ipi, ed sQ tin cfiy l i n vfi ed thifin chf d l cfic nUde cd t h i giai quy^t hda binh mpi vfi'n dfi qufl'c tfi^ ldn dang uy hifl'p hda binh thfl' gidi vfi can trd sU hpp tfic qud'c te, k l ca vfi'n dfi giam trQ qufin bj" (13) Trong ban Tuydn bd*chung, Mi^n Difin cung da ung hfi vide thi hfinh Hifip djnh Gidnevo ve Ddng DUdng, ung hd viflc thong nhfi't Viet Nam theo Hiep dinh Gidnevd (14) Trong cufic khfing chi^n chd'ng MJ cua nhfin dfin Vifit Nam, Chfnh phu Mianma giQ l i p trUdng trung l i p song v i n tuyen bfl^ hai l i n phan dfii de* qud'c Ml ndm bom d mien Bac vfi rai ehfi't dfic hda hpc d mien Nam Vi$t Nam Nhfin dfin Mianma nhifit tinh ung hfi cufic dfi'u tranh chinh nghia cua nhan dfin Vipt Nam Bfio chi Mianma da dUa tin vfi binh lufin cd Ipi cho cufic dfi'u tranh vi nfln ddc lip, tQ cua dan tdc Viet Nam, ddi MJ nit qufin vfi thfinh Ifip chinh phu hda hpp dfin tflc (15) Truyfin thfl'ng hdp t i e , hQu nghj vfi tUdng trp l i n cufic dfi'u tranh vi nfin dpc Ifip, tu cua m6i dfin tpc mfi Chu tich Hfi Chf Minh vfi cic lanh tu Mifi'n Difin/ Mianma dfit nen mdng, tiep tyc dUpc vun d i p vfi tfing cUdng nhQng nfim tifi'p theo Ngay sau Vifit Nam hofin thfinh cudc dfi'u tranh tho'ng nhfi't dfi't nUdc, ngfiy 28 thfing nfim 1975, Viet Nam vfi Mianma da nfing cfi'p moi quan hfi tQ quan hfi Tdng lanh sQ ldn quan hfi ngoai giao cfip D^i sQ (16) Dfiy thQc sQ lfi mfit bUdc ngofic mfii quan hfi giQa hai quoc gia Dflng Nam A cd nhilu ndt tUdng dfing vfi vfin hoa v i t r u y i n thfl'ng ljch sQ Chfnh quyin Mianma da cd budc di chu ddng tfing cUdng quan hfi vdi Vifit Nam thdng qua vific nhanh chdng ddng cita Tong Lanh sU quan cua Chfnh quyin Sfii Gdn tai Yangon (17) vfi sdm cQ Dai sQ thudng tru tai Ha Nfii Thu tQdng Mianma Ne Win keu gpi cfing dfing qufi'c tS' giQp dd Vifit Nam hfin gin vfit thUdng chifl'n tranh Trong giai doan diy khd k h i n nfiy cua Vifit Nam, Chfnh phu vfi nhfin dfin Minama tifi'p tyc dfinh cho Vifit Nam sU giQp dd chfin tinh (18) Nhfin xdt vfi cd sd lich sQ cua moi quan h§ chfnh tri-ngoai giao giQa Viflt Nam vfi Mianma, dfit tong t h i khu vUc Dfing Nam A, cd nhfi nghifln cQu da cho ring " ve mfit lich sQ, cac nQde Dflng Nam A c6 mfli quan hfl "dfiy md de mfi" tQ thdi/nin vfin hda Hda Binh nen vdn hoa cudi (Hoabinhian pebble Culture), tdi giao lUu vfin hda thdi cudng quflc PhQ Nam vfi tdi canh ngfi gio'ng thdi chu nghla thiic dan V I mfit lich sQ, sU tUdng ddng, gin gui, quan he gfin kfi't, nhfi't lfi tQ thdi Hidn dai (tQ nfim 1945 dfi^n nay) khu vi^c, da trd thfinh thQe t ^ h i e n nhien" (19) Sy tiiOng dong vi vdn hoa cung lfi mfit cd sd giQp cho mfli quan hfi hQu nghi vfi truyin tho'ng giQa Vifit Nam vfi Mien Difin ed dilu kifin phfit t r i i n cQng vdi thdi gian Trong suot chilu dfii phfit t r i i n cua minh, mdi quflc gia d i u mang nhiing ndt dfic trUng cua n i n vfin minh ndng nghifip trfing lua nudc CQng sinh sd'ng trfln mfit khu vUc dia 1^, cu dan hai nUdc da sdm sfing tao nen mpt n i n vfin hda ban dia cd cpi nguon chung tQ thdi t i i n sQ vfi sd sQ trUdc tilp xuc vdi vfin hda Trung Hoa vfi An Dp Theo Tim hieu mfli quan he chlnh trt mflt sd' nhfi nghien cQu, cU dfin Vifit Nam, Mianma ndi riflng vfi Dflng Nam A ndi chung d i u cd chung mdt n i n tang vfin hda Nam A, Ifi'y san xufi't ndng nghifip IQa nUdc lfim phUdng thQc boat dfing kinh te* lfi chinh (20) NhQng ndt tQdng dfing canh tfic vdi hfi thfl'ng thuy Ipi, nhQng truydn t h i n thoai, ll hfii, phong tyc tfip quan, fim nh^c, nghfi thufit, cua cU dfin ndng nghifip IQa nUdc dfi giup ngUdi dan hai nUdc dfi hiiu, c6 sy dfing cam vfi quy trpng l i n Bfin c^nh nhQng ed sd trfln, nhgn tidiachink tri cung lfi mfit cd sd quan trpng gin k^t mfii quan hfi Vifit Nam vfi Mianma nhQng nfim cufli t h i ky XX-diu t h i ky XXI Do ca Viet Nam vfi Mianma dfiu n i m d Dfing Nam A - khu vQc ciu noi giQa hai khu vQc quan trpng khfic cua chau A lfi Dfing Bfic A vfi Nam A nen tQ r i t sdm, ca hai nudc da sdm chju anh hudng cua nhQng n i n van minh ldn nhU Trung Hoa vfi An DQ qufi trinh phat triin cua mdi dfin tfic Thdi Cfin d^i, Dflng Nam A cung lfi khu vUc tranh gifinh anh hudng manh me cua cfic cUdng quflc thUe dan hfing d i u nhu Bo Dao Nha, Tfiy Ban Nha, Ha Lan, Anh, Phfip vfi My TQ sau Chifl'n tranh thfl* gidi thQ Hai, Ddng Nam A eung la ndi chju sU tac ddng khfi manh me cua cudc Chien tranh lanh Trong nhQng nfim cudi t h i ky XX - d i u t h ^ ky XX, bfii canh chfiu A - Thfii Binh DUdng trd thfinh diu tfiu cua n i n kinh te" thfi" gidi, vdi sy troi dfiy cua Trung Qud'c vfi An Dfi thi sU chuyen hUdng chifl'n lUdc vfi nhilu sU quan tam hdn dfii vdi khu vyc nfiy cua cfic cudng qudc hfing d i u thfi^ gidi nhU My, Nga cung nhu sy bien dflng cua trfit ty khu vyc da dfit khfing ft thfich thQe doi vdi eac qufl'c gia Ddng Nam A, dd cd ca Vifit Nam vfi Mianma Sy phfit triin manh me -cua Hifip hpi cac qufl'c gia Dfing Nam A 47 (ASEAN) tQ sau nfim 1991 den da tao cd hfii phat triin mdi cho ca Vifit Nam vfi Mianma ngfii nhfi chung ASEAN, dfing thdi cung t^o nhilu thfich thQc dfii vdi hai nQde qufi trinh hdi nhfip vfi phfit triin Nhiing thdnh tUu ChU yiu cda mdi quan hi chinh tri-ngoai giao giQa Viit Nam vd Mianma tit ndm 1975 den Trong hdn 35 nfim qua, mfic dQ hofin canh ljch sQ cua m5i nQde cd nhieu bie^n dpng ldn, song mfli quan hfl giQa Vifit Nam vfi Mien Dien v i n khfing ngQng cung cfi* vfi phfit triin trfin nhilu linh vQc Sy ung hp l i n mfit each nhdt qudn vd kiin dinh v l mfit ehinh tri - ngoai giao da trd thfinh chd dQa, n i n tang cho viee tfing cUdng sQ hpp t i e tren nhilu linh vQc khac nhQ kinh t l , vfin hoa, gifio due, an ninh vfi quflc phdng TQ nfim 1975 d i n nay, viflc lanh dao cfi'p cao hai nQde trt thudng xuyflh cfic chuyin viing thfim l i n da cho thfiy sy g i n bd eua mfli quan hfl ehinh tri-ngoai giao giQa Vifit Nam vfi Mianma, dfic biet bfli canh ca hai nUdc tQng phai gfinh chiu sQ bao vfiy, cfi'm vfin cua Mi mdt thdi gian kha dfii Cu t h i , ve phia Vifit Nam, cd cac chuyen thfim Mianma cua Thu tQdng Vo Vfin Kifit (thfing nfim 1994, Ting bi thQ D MQdi (thing nfim 1997), Thu tQdng Phan Vfin Khai (thfing nfim 2000), ba l i n thfim Mianma cua Thu tUdng Nguyin Tfi'n Dung (thfing nfim 2007, thfing nfim 2010 vfi thang 12 nfim 2011), Chu tich nude TrUdng T i n Sang (thfing 11 nfim 2012) Ve phfa Mianma, k l tQ hai nQde thie't Ifip quan hfi ngoai giao cfi'p Dai sQ, nhieu nhfi lanh dao cfi'p cao cua Mianma da sang thfim Viflt Nam nhQ: Thu tudng Than Shwe thfim chfnh thQc Viflt Nam (thing nfim 1995), ThShg tQdng 4S Than Shwe, Chu tjch Hfii d i n g Khfli phyc Lufit phfip vfi Trfit ty Nhfi nudc (SLORC) da tham dy Hfli nghj cfi'p cao ASEAN l i n VI (thing 12 nfim 1998), thfim chinh thQc Vifit Nam (thfing nfim 2003); Thu tUdng Khin Nyunt (thfing nfim 2004), Thu tudng Soe Win (thfing nfim 2005); Thu tudng Thein Sein (thfing 11 nftm 2007), chuyin thfim Vifit Nam l i n d i u tifln vdi tU cfich lfi Td'ng thfl'ng Cfing hofi Lifln bang Mianma cua Td'ng tho'ng Thein Sein (thing nfim 2012) Cfic chuyin viing thfim cSTp cao l i n mdt each thUdng xuyen cua lanh dao hai nUdc khdng chi gfip p h i n tfing cUdng quan hfi hQu nghj truyin tho'ng mfi cdn tao cd sd d l thuc diy quan hfi kinh t l Minh chQng eho sQ nfing fi'm cua moi quan hp chfnh tri-ngoai giao giQa Viflt Nam vfi Mianma thfip nien cuoi cQng cua t h i ki XX dupc t h i hifin khfi rd, thfing qua cac chuyin thfim viing l i n cua lanh dao cfi'p eao hai nUde Mfit nhQng chuyen di dd la chuyin thfim hQu nghi chinh thQc Lien bang Mianma eua Tong bi thQ Do MQdi b i t d i u tQ ngfiy 22 t h i n g nfim 1997, Trong cudc hpi dfim chinh thQc dien chifl'u ngfiy 22 thfing vdi Tfl'ng bf thu Dd Mudi, Tho'ng tudng Than Shwe, Chu tich Hfli dong Khfli phyc Lufit phfip vfi Trfit tu Nhfi nudc (SLORC), Thu tUdng Chinh phu Mianma da k h i n g dinh: "dUdi sy lanh dao cua SLORC vide thUc hifin myc tidu on dinh dfi't nUdc, dofin k i t dan tde, xfiy dyng xa hfii fi'm no, hanh phue Ve mfit nfiy, nhQng bfii hpc kinh nghipm cua Vifit Nam lfi rfi't b l fch dfli vdi Mianma" (21) Chu tjch Than Shwe edn cho ring: " cung nhu Viflt Nam, Mianma ehu trUdng xfiy dyng quan he hQu nghi vdi tfi't ca cac nQde, nhfi't lfi nhQng nudc lang giing, cac nUde khu vQc, khdng can thiflp vfio cflng vific nfii bfi cua cac nUdc khfic, hpp tfic cQng phat trien da't nUdc Chu tich Rghjgn cQu Lich sQ s61.2013 cam dn Ifip trudng cua Vifit Nam ung hfi Mianma gia nhfip Hifip hdi cac qufi'c gia Dflng Nam A (ASEAN)" (22) Cdn Ting bf thu Dd Mudi, sau hoan nghenh nhQng thfinh tyu quan trpng cua nhfin dan Mianma, dudi sU lanh dao cua SLORC, vific thQc hifin chinh saeh dofin kit, hofi giai dfin tfic I n djnh, khfli phyc vfi phfit t r i i n dfi't nUdc, thUe hifin chinh sfich dfii ngo^i dfic Ifip, tich eye, md rpng, tranh thu hpp t i c qufic t l , dd cd coi trpng phfit t r i i n quan hfi hQu nghi vfi hpp tfic nhilu mfit vdi Vifit Nam, sfin sfing chia s& kinh nghidm vdi Vi§t Nam, da chi ro: 'Trong nQa thfi' ky qua, n h i t lfi vfio thdi dilm quan trpng cua lich sQ mdi nUdc; nhan dan hai nUdc da khflng ngQng ung hfi, giQp dd l i n cfing cupc dfi'u tranh gifinh dfic Ifip vfi xfiy dyng dfi't nUdc Nhfin dan Vifit Nam ludn ghi nhd sQ ung hfi nhifit tinh vfi giup dd qui bau dd cua nhfin dfin Mianma" (23) TQ ngfiy 12 dl'n ngfiy 15 t h i n g nfim 2000, Thu tQdng Chinh phu Vifit Nam Phan Vfin Khai da thyc hien chuyen thfim hQu nghi chinh thQc l i n d i u tien tdi Lien bang Mianma theo ldi mdi cua Thu tQdng, Thd'ng tQdng Than Shwe Tai l l ddn chinh thQc Thu tudng P h a n Vfin Khai, Thu tUdng Than Shwe cho r i n g , day la mdt sU kifln quan trpng khong chi danh dfiu budc phat triin mdi quan he hQu nghi truyin thd'ng vfi hpp t i e nhilu mfit giQa Vi|t Nam va Mianma mfi cdn rfi't cd y nghaa bfi canh hai nUdc c h u i n hi ky nidm 25 nfim thifl't Ifip quan hfi ngoai giao (28/5/197528/5/2000) Ve phia minh, Thu tQdng Phan Vfin Khai k h i n g dinh chinh sach dfli ngo^i trudc sau nhu mot cua Vifit Nam lfi Uu tifin phfit trien quan hfi hQu nghj vfi hpp tic nhifl'u mfit vdi Mianma, ngUdi ban Ifing gifl'ng g i n gui eua Vifit Nam da tQng gin b6 vdi Viflt Nam qua trinh dfi'u tranh Hm hieu mfii quan he chinh tn gianh dpc Ifip dan tpc vfi hpp tfic chfit che vdi Viet Nam vi sQ phat triin cua mdi nUdc cung nhu cufic dfi'u tranh chong sQ fip dfit vfi can thifip cua bfin ngoai (24) Dfing thdi, hai Thu tUdng da nhfi't tri ring, hai nUdc cin tfing eUdng phdi hdp chfit che vdi cae hoat dpng ddi ngoai n h i m cung CO doan k i t va thuc dfiy hpp tac eua cfic nude ASEAN, thyc hifin tot ChUdng trinh hanh ddng Ha Ndi vfi cfic vfin kifin ky k i t tai Hdi nghi cfi'p cao chinh thQc ASEAN l i n thQ 6, ciing nhU cfic vfi'n d l lien quan din vific thyc hifln cfic dy fin phfit triin Hfinh lang Dfing - Tiy vfi Tieu vQng sdng Mficfing Khfing chi ed vfiy, hai Thu tQdng edn eho rang sQ phoi hdp thudng xuyen giQa Viflt Nam va Mianma khflng nhQng phue vu cho ldi fch cua hai nudc mfi cdn lfi mpt nhfin to' tich cue dfii vdi sU dofin ket vfi hpp t i e ASEAN, nhfim nfing cao vi the cua ASEAN (25) Ke tQ hai nUdc trd thfinh thfinh vien cua ASEAN (Viet Nam nam 1995 va Mianma nfim 1997), ben canh moi quan hfi hpp t i e song phUdng lfi mii hdp tac da phUdng khudn kho ASEAN Tuyfin bo' chung Viet Nam - Mianma ngfiy thang nfim 2002 nhfin chuyin thfim chinh thQc Lifin bang Mianma eua Chii tich nUdc Trin DQc LUdng theo ldi mdi cua Thfl'ng tUdng Than Shwe, Chu tich Hoi ddng hoa binh vfi Phfit trien Quoc gia Lifln bang Mianma tQ ngfiy din t h i n g nfim 2002 da khang dinh: "Hai ben nhfit tri sQ cin thiit tang cudng hpp t i e giQa Viet Nam vfi Mianma khudn khd' ASEAN cung nhu vdi cac khu vUc khfic nham cung co' hoa binh, an ninh va thinh vUpng khu vQc va trfln t h i gidi Hai bfin danh gia cao vai trd quan trpng cua ASEAN doi vdi hoa binh, an ninh va phat trien d khu vQc cung nhu tren the gidi va cho rfing cac nQde ASEAN can tang cUdng doan ke't vfi hdp tac 49 hdn nQa d l vUpt qua nhQng thich thQc dang dfit hifin nay" (26) Nfim 2005 lfi nfim hai nQde ky nidm 30 nfim t h i i t Ifip quan hfl ngosti giao nen chuyin thfim chinh thQc Vi§t Nam cua Trung tudng Soe Win, Thu tUdng Lifln bang Mianma theo ldi mdi cua Thu tUdng Phan Vfin Khai cd f nghia quan trpng Bfit d i u tQ thfing nfim 2005, Bfi Ngogi giao hai nQde da tiin hfinh tham khao chfnh tri h i n g nfim d cfi'p ThQ trQdng (27) Diu nftm 2006, Dai sQ Lifln bang Mianma tai Hfi Ndi da cd bud'i tra ldi phdng v i n bao Qufic t l Khi tra ldi cfiu hdi cua phdng vien v l vific dfinh gia sU hpp tfic Viet Nam - Mianma k l tQ dng dam nhiflm chQc vu Dai sQ Lien bang Mianma tai Viet Nam tQ thfing 11 nfim 2003, dng U Tin Latt eho ring: "Quan hfl hQu nghi truyin tho'ng vfi hpp t i e tdt dep giQa hai nUde da dupc tfing cudng manh me nhQng nam gan dfiy, dfic biet linh vUc chinh tri va kinh tl Hai nUdc thUdng xuyfin trao dfi'i eac chuyin tham d cfic cfi'p dfi khac nhau, dd chuyen thfim Vifit Nam cua Thu tudng, Trung tudng Soe Win vfio thfing nftm 2005 la minh chQng sinh dfing cho quyet tam thue day toan difin moi quan he ndng fi'm vfi'n cd giQa hai nUde" (28) TQ nam 2005 den nftm 2009, hai nUdc dfi tiin hfinh cupe tham khao chinh tri thudng nifin giQa hai Bfl Ngoai giao (thfing nam 2005 tai Yangon; t h i n g nfim 2006 tai Hfi Nfii; thfing 12 nfim 1997 tai Nay Pyi Taw; t h i n g nftm 2008 tai Ha Npi, t h i n g nfim 2009 tgi Nay Pyi Taw) Tai cfic eupe tham khao, Viet Nam va Mianma thudng thdng bao cho tinh hinh moi nudc, trao doi y kiln v l nhQng hifin phap nhfim thuc diy hpp t i c song phQdng, dfic biet la viec thuc hifln cae thda thufin cfi'p cao (29) Ngoai cfic chuye'n thfim cua lanh dao cfi'p cao, Vifit Nam vfi Mianma edn trao dii nhilu dofin cfi'p bfi trudng, chu nhifim cfic vfin phdng cua Qufic hfii, Chfnh phu nhfim gia tfing hpp tfic vfi trao doi kinh nghifim v l cfic vfi'n d& lifin quan mfi hai bfin cQng quan tfim (30) Vifit Nam cd mfit vj tri quan trpng chfnh sfich dfii ngoai eua Mianma nhQng nfim g i n day Dilu nfiy t h i hifin d vific cfic nhfi lanh dgo Mianma d cfi'p cao nhfi't da tiin hfinh viing thfim Vifit Nam sau nhfim chQc Chuyin thftm Vifit Nam cua Thu tQdng Then Sein b i t d i u tQ ngfiy thfing 11 nftm 2007 sau nhfim chQc Thu tUdng Lifln bang Mianma da cho thfi'y sQ g i n bd chfit cbfi quan hfi chinh trj-ngogi giao giQa hai nQde Trong cudc hdi dfim vdi Thu tUdng Then Sein, Thu tudng Nguyin Tfi'n Dung da k h i n g djnh, Viflt Nam ung hd tiin trinh hda giai vfi hda hpp dfin tfic cua Mianma vdi sQ tham gia tich cQc cua tfi't ca cac bdn lien quan, mong cac ben tilp tuc ddi thoai de giai quyet sQ khac bifit Dong thdi Thu tudng Nguyin Tfi'n Dung eung mong mud'n Chfnh phu Mianma hpp tfic chfit che vdi Lifln Hpp Quic vfi ASEAN trfln tinh t h i n xfiy dyng vfi ton trpng l i n d l gdp phin thue diy tien trinh hda giai, hda hpp dan tdc phQ hpp vdi Ipi fch lau dfii cua Mianma vfi khu vuc, vi hda binh, fl'n dinh vfi phat triin d Ddng Nam A vfi tren t h i gidi Trong boi canh Mianma ganh chiu sU bao vfiy, cfi'm vfin chfit che eua Mi vfi phUdng Tfiy, sy doan ke't va ung hfi mfit cfich nhfi't quan mfi Vifit Nam dfinh eho Mianma lfi rfi't cd y nghia Cung nhfin dip nfiy, Thu tUdng Nguyin Tfi'n Dung da nhfi'n manh Vifit Nam sfin sfing chia se kinh nghipm phfit huy tinh t h i n dai dofin k i t dan tdc, tfch cQc hfii n h i p de phyc vu cfing cudc bao vfi, xfiy dQng vfi phfit triin dfi't nQde, dong thdi k h i n g dinh, tQng lfi ngn nhfin cua bao vfiy c i m vftn, Vifit Nam khdng ung hfi vific fip dyng bifin phfip nfiy vdi Mianma (31) Chi hdn hai nfim sau chuyin thfim Mianma l i n d i u tifin vdi vai trd lfi Thu tudng Chfnh phu Vifit Nam, ngfiy thing nfim 2010, Thu tUdng Chfnh phu Vifit Nam Nguyin T i n Dung da dSn d i u dofin dgi bilu cfi'p cao Vifit Nam thfim chfnh thflc Mianma l i n thQ hai theo ldi mdi cua Thii tQdng Then Sein Chuyl'n thftm Mianma l i n nfiy cua ngUdi dQng d i u Chfnh phu Vifit Nam da cho t h i y ro sQ g i n bd quan hfi chfnh trj-ngogi giao giQa hai qudc gia Ddng Nam A lyc dja nfiy Tai cudc hfii dfim, Thu tudng Nguyin T i n DQng khflng chi nflu ro quan dilm cua Vifit Nam ung ho Mianma thUc hifin "Lfi trinh bUdc vl dan chu hda", k h u y i n khich Mianma tilp tgc no lyc hdn d l to chQc tong tuyin cQ cflng b i n g vfi tu nfim 2010, vi Ipi fch cua nhfin dan Mianma, gdp p h i n vfio hoa binh, on dinh, hpp tfic, phfit triin cua khu vUc mfi cdn khfing dinh Vifit Nam ludn coi trpng vfi mong mud'n khdng ngQng ph&t triin mdi quan hfi hQu nghj truyin thing vfi hpp tfic nhie'u mfit vdi Mianma Thu tudng Nguyen Tfi'n Dung cung da dfinh gia eao quan hfl ehinh tri td't dpp giQa hai nU6c; di nghj hai hfln tilp tyc tfing cUdng trao doi cfic chuyin thfim cfi'p cao vfi cfic cfi'p vfi t r i i n khai tfi't efic cd chl' hpp t i e nhU Uy ban Hon hpp vfi Tham khao Chinh tri gifla hai Bfl Ngoai giao (32) Tgi cufic hfii dim, hai Thu tudng da thao lufin eic bifin ph&p cy the n h i m md rfing vfi t i n g cUdng hdn nQa quan hfi hQu nghi vfi hpp tfic nhilu mfit giQa hai nUde, n h i t lfi nhQng linh vdc then c h i t nhu, ndng nghifip, trfing cfiy cflng nghifip, thuy san, ngan hfing-tfii chfnh, hfing khdng, vien thdng, d i u khf, khai khoing, san xufi't vfi cung cfi'p t h i i t bj difin, san xufi't vfi Ifip rfip fl tfl, xfiy dUng vfi h(Jp Tim men asoi jjuaa ae efliaii irj tfic thUdng mai-dau tU Cd t h i thfi'y, mdi quan hfl chfnh tri-ngoai giao tfi't d?p giQa Viflt Nam vfi Mianma thfip nien d i u cua the ky XXI da dfit n i n mdng vQng chic cho quan h$ kinh t l , dfic bifit bfli canh hai nQde ngfiy cfing hfii nhfip sfiu vfio Khu vyc mfiu dich ty ASEAN (AFTA) Nhan chuyin thfim Mianma l i n thQ hai, Thu tudng Nguyin TSin DQng da thflng bfio viec Chfnh phu Viet Nam quyit dinh thfinh Ifip Hiep hdi cae nhfi d i u tQ Vifit Nam tgi Mianma gfim cfic doanh nghifip ldn vfi cd uy tfn cua Viflt Nam quan tam hpp tfic kinh doanh vfi d i u tQ tgi Mianma Hai Thu tudng da danh gia eao cie vftn kifin, thda thufin, hpp dong hpp tfic giQa cae Bp, ngfinh va doanh nghiep hai nQde dQpc kf n h i n dip Thu tQdng Nguyen Tfi'n Dung vfi Thu tudng Then Sein da n h i t trf thuc diy quan hfi hpp tac tren cae linh v\ic khie nhQ y te, du lich, vftn hda, giao due, the thao, giao thflng dQdng bd; dong thdi nhfi't tri xQc tien dfim phfin, ky k i t them cie thda thufin hpp tfic mdi, dd cd Hiep dinh miin thi thuc cho cflng dan mang hfi chilu p h i thdng cua bai nUde phQ hpp vdi Hi$p dinh ASEAN ve miin thi thQe cho cflng dfin mang hp chilu thdng Tuyfin hi chung giQa Thu tUdng hai nUde 02 thfing nam 2010 ghi nhfin: "hai nUdc khdng chi gia tftng hdp tfic 12 Unh vyc kinh t l , ma cdn hpp t i e cfic linh vUc chinh tri, doi ngogi, an ninh quo'c phdng, tgo cd sd phfip ly thufin ldi eho doanh nghifip hai nUde tang cudng cfic boat dfing thUdng mai va d i u tu vfio mdi nQde" (33) Theo danh gifi cua cfic nha Ngogi giao, chuyen thfim chinh thQe Mianma t h i n g nfim 2010 cua Thu tQdng Viflt Nam Nguyen Tfi'n DQng dvtOc coi lfi "Biidc dot phd quan he hai niidc Viet Nam-Mianma"(34) Cdn chuyin tham chinh thQc Mianma l i n thQ ba, ngfiy 21 t h i n g 12 nfim 2011 cua Thu tQdng Nguyen T i n Dung, theo ldi mdi cua Ting t h i n g Cfing hda Lien bang Mianma Thein Sein, sau tham dy Hfii nghi Thupng dinh cie nUdc Tiiu vQng Mficfing md rfing l i n thQ tU (GMS-4), Vifit Nam vfi Mianma da dat dUpc sQ ding thufin cao cfic vfi'n d l quan trpng eua khu vQc nhU: phfii hpp vfi hpp tfic vdi cfic lifln quan vific sQ dung b i n vflng ngudn nUdc sfing Mficfing; ung hfl viflc thUc hifin nghidm tuc vfi diy du Tuyfln bd' vl cfich Qng xQ cua cfic ben d biln Dfing (DOC); p h i n d i u cQng cfic nQde ASEAN vfi Trung Quoc sdm xfiy dQng bd Quy t i c Qng xQ tai Biln Dfing (COC) vi hda binh I n djnh, an ninh, an tofin hang hai d khu vQc Ciing nhan dip nfiy, phia Mianma dfi cho r i n g Viet Nam lfi md hinh phat triin t i t mfi Mianma ed t h i tham khao d l phfit triin, dfinh gia cao uy tin vfi vai trd cua Vi^t Nam khu vQc, cam dn Vifit Nam da lufin ung hd Mianma tai cac dien dan khu vUc vfi quoc te, nhfi't lfi vide Mianma dang cai Chu tich ASEAN nfim 2014 (35) Mdt dfi'u mdc quan trpng quan hfi chinh tri-ngogi giao Vi$t Nam - Mianma nam 2012 chinh lfi chuyin thfim Vifit Nam l i n d i u tien tren cUdng vi Ting thing Cfing hda Lien bang Mianma cua ngfii Thein Sein 20 t h i n g nfim 2012 theo ldi mdi cua Chu tich nUde TrUdng Tfi'n Sang Chuyin thfim Viet Nam l i n thQ hai eua Tong thd'ng Thein Sein dfi cho thfi'y sy coi trpng Vi^t Nam chfnh sfich dfli ngogi cua Mianma Tai cufic hfii dfim chfnh thQc, nguyen thu hai nQde da dgt sQ nhfi't trf cao nhilu vfi'n d l quan trpng, quyit dinh chieu hUdng phfit triin cua quan he ehinh tri-ngogi giao giQa hai nUdc thdi gian tdi nhQ: tri cfic chuyin thfim va tilp xuc cfi'p cao; trao dd'i dofin cae 52 cfi'p; tri thudng xuydn efic cd c h l hpp tfic hifin ed nhU tjy ban Hdn hpp v l hpp t i e song phUdng, t!ly ban Hon hpp v l thUdng mgi vfi Tham khao chfnh trj giQa hai Bfi Ngoai giao; thQc diy hpp tfic cic linh vQc kinh t l , an ninh, qufl'c phdng; phfi'n dfi'u dua kim nggch thUdng mgi hai nUdc len 500 trifiu dfi la Mi vfio nfim 2015 (36) Trong nhQng nfim cuoi t h i ki XX - d i u t h i ki XXI, Vifit Nam vfi Mianma khflng chi tfing cudng vfi diy mgnh cic hoat dfing hpp t i e song phUdng mfi cdn hpp t i e chfit che vdi ASEAN vfi mfit so diln dfin hpp tfic khu vyc khfic nhU hpp tfic Tiiu vQng sdng Mecdng (GMS); Hpp tfic Viet Nam - Campuchia - Lfto-Mianma (CLMV); Hpp tfic Hfinh lang Dfing - Tay (EWEC) Tren cfic dien dan qufl'c t l vfi khu vQc, hai nUdc lufln dfinh cho sU ung hfl vfi phoi hpp thudng xuyen Vifit Nam da ung bfi manh me Mianma gia nhfip ASEAN vfi tham gia Di§n dan ASEM Dang chu y la nfim 2010, vdi cUdng vi Chu tich ASEAN, tren cac diln dan quoc te vfi khu vQc, Viet Nam da ung hfi nhfi't quan vfi mgnh me Mianma viec giai quye't eac vfi'n d l nfii bp cua minh, khdng cd sQ can thiep eua ben ngofii, nhfi't la cupe tong tuyen cQ ngfiy thfing 11 nfim 2010 cua Mianma Nhd sQ ung hp va vfin dpng tich cyc cua Viet Nam, ngfiy 18 t h i n g 11 nam 2010, efic thfinh vifln ASEAN da nhanh ehdng thdng qua "Tuyen bd'cua ASEAN ve cugc bdu eve ngdy thdng 11 ndm 201ff' cua Mianma Vipt Nam dU thao "vdi ngi dung kOp tinh hop ly" (37) Tuyen bo nfiy cua ASEAN da giup eho Mianma tranh thu dupe sQ ung hfl rdng rai cua cdng dong qud'c te dfli vdi cuflc b i u cQ lich sQ t h i n g 11 nfim 2010 Trien vgng cua mdi quan he chinh tri ngoai giao giiia Viet Nam vd Mianma _D13 Trong qufi trinh xac djnh chd dQng cua minh trfln ban chfnh trj t h i gidi, hoi nhfip vfi phfit t r i i n , ea Vifit Nam va Mianma cd n h i l u ndt tUdng ddng mfi chi'nh chQng se tgo cd sd d l dy dofin rfing nhQng nfim tdi, quan hfi chfnh tri-ngoai giao giQa hai nUde se tiip tuc phdt triin len m0t tdm cao mdi, bin chat hon, gan ket han ngdi nhd chung ASEAN Khi dUa dy dofin trfln, chung tfli dQa trdn nhQng ct) sd sau: Thit nhdt, ca Viet Nam vfi Mianma deu gia nhap ASEAN mufin (Vifit Nam nam 1995, Mianma nfim 1997), cd xufi't phat dilm phfit t r i i n thlip vfi d i u td ro mong muon bfli nhfip sau rfing vfio khu vQc va t h i gidi, nfln d l chia se cho nhflng kinh nghifim hfii nhfip vfi thQc diy hdp tac d nhQng Unh vUc mfi moi nUdc cd t h i manh Thit hai, ca hai nUdc d i u tQng phai gfinh chiu sQ bao vfiy, cfi'm vfin eua Mi nfin de cd sQ dong cam, chia se kinh nghidm qua trinh xQ ly moi quan hfi vdi My eudng qud'c hang dau t h i gidi vfi Lien minh chau Au Vifit Nam da trd thfinh eiu n ^ de Mianma cai thifin quan hfi vdi Lien minh chau Au nha't lfi Viflt Nam dam nhiem chQc Chu tich ASEAN nfim 2010, nUdc chu nhfi cua eupe gfip thUdng dinh A-Au (ASEM) Vipt Nam "lfi mot s l i t nUdc trUdc sau nhU mpt kifln tri chinh sach ung hp Mianma bao vfi dflc Ifip, chu quyin, toan vpn Ifinh t h i , hda hpp dfin tfic; khflng tan thfinh chinh sfich bao vay, cfi'm vfin, trQng phat kinh t l vdi Mianma" (38) Thit ba, n l u so sanh vdi moi quan h§ ehinh tri - ngoai giao giQa Viet Nam va Thai Lan- mpt nUdc Dfing Nam a luc dia khac, cd nhQng diem tUdng dfing vdi Mianma (39), chung ta thfi^y mfli quan hfi chinh tri-ngoai giao giQa Viet Nam va Mianma cd nhieu diem khac biet, mfi chinh Tim hieu mfli qunn he chinh hi ehung se dinh hudng cho sQ phat triin cua quan hd giQa Viet Nam va Mianma tUdng lai Neu nhU quan hfi ehinh tri-ngogi giao giQa Vifit Nam vdi Thfii Lan cd nhQng "nit t r i m " thfip nien 60-70 cua the ki XX, Thai Lan lfi dong minh thfin cfin cua Mi cufic chiin tranh Vi^t Nam, thi quan hfi ehinh trj-ngogi giao Vi$t NamMianma lfi mdi quan hfi truyen thing, phfit trien theo hQdng di Ifin, dUpc cung cIcQng vdi thdi gian Theo Dgi SQ Quan Viflt Nam tgi Cpng hda Lien bang Mianma, "trong cfic cupc hpp cua uy ban hon hpp hai nUdc; tham khao chinh tri giQa hai bfi Ngogi giao; cac cuflc hfii thao giQa quan chQc va doanh nghidp hai nudc, phia Mianma thudng nhfi'n mgnh giQa hai nudc cd bon dilm tUdng dong hiem cd cac nUdc Ddng Nam A: a, Hai nUde deu hi de qufl'c, thUc dan phUdng Tfiy dfl hfi hdn rapt the ki, deu dfi'u tranh gian kho vi dpc Ifip dfin tfic bfing chfnh sQc manh cua dan tpc minh; b, Hai nUde deu trai qua nhilu nfim hi bao vfiy cfi'ra vfin tQ bfin ngofii nhUng vfin giQ dUpe dfic Ifip ty ehu Viet Nara da vQpt qua khd khfin nfiy, Mianma dang tQng budc vUdt qua; e, Hai nude deu cd ne'n vfin hda lua nude phong phu, dgo Phfit lfi ton giao chinh Nhfin dfin hai nQde de'u rfi't quy trpng dflc Ifip tu do, cin eu lao dpng vfi dflV cd phong tyc fin "trfiu cau" mang dfim ban sic dan tfic; d, Hai nudc khflng ton tai bfi't ky xung dflt nfio ve bifln gidi, lanh tho, hie'n dao, an ninh qud'c phdng vfi an ninh kinh tl" (40) VI phia Mianma, ke tQ hai nQde thie't Ifip quan hfl ngoai giao, Chfnh phu Mianma lufln t h i hifln quan diem nhfi't quan ung hfi Viet Nam khdng chi nhQng nftm t h i n g dfi'u tranh gian khd vi sU nghiflp dfic Ifip, ty cua dan tfic mfi ca sU nghifip xay dUng dfi't nUdc Chinh phu Mianma da ung hfi mgnh me cong cupe 53 do'i mdi cua Viet Nam, ung hfi Viet Nam gia nhfip To chQe ThUdng mgi T h i gidi (WTO), cQng cfic nQde chfiu A khac ung hfl Vidt Nam lfi Qng cQ vifln nhfi't dgi difin chfiu lyc Qng cQ chQe uy vien khdng thudng trye tgi Hfli dong Bao an Lifin Hdp Quoc nhiem ki 2008-2009 DiS'u dfing ndi lfi 'Trong cfic budi ddn tiep, hfii dfim vdi Iftnh dao cfi'p cao Viet Nam, lanh dao cfi'p cao Mianma ludn khfing dinh "Vi^t Nam lfi bgn bd than thiit, tin cfiy eua Mianma", "giQa hai nUdc ehi cd tinh hQu nghi vfi hdp tac, khdng ton tai bfi't cQ vudng mfic gi" "Mianma kham phyc tinh t h i n ba't khufi't cua Vifit Nam diu tranh cho'ng ngoai xfim vfi tinh t h i n cin cQ sang tgo lao ddng xay dyng dfi't nUdc", "Mianma hpc tfip dUpe nhiflV kinh nghiflm phat triin kinh t l cua Vi$t Nam nhfi't la linh vQc ndng nghidp, " (41) Chi'nh sach eua Mianma doi vdi Viflt Nam nfim chinh sach dfii ngogi cua Mianma Cd the thfi'y chu trUdng coi trpng va phat trien mfi'i quan he hQu nghi va lau ddi giQa nhan dan hai nUde, tang cUdng quan he hdp tac tren nhieu linh vUc vdi Vifit Nam dUa tren cd sd nam nguyen tfic cung ton tai hda binh, tfin trpng dflc Ifip, ehu quyen, khong can thiep vfio cdng viec npi bd cua nhau, binh dfing, ddi bfin cQng cd ldi cua phia Mianma lfi kha tUdng dong vdi dudng loi doi ngoai cua Viet Nam, chung ta day mgnh cdng cupc do'i mdi dfi't nUdc va hpi nhfip qufl'c te Theo danh gia cua gidi ehuyen mdn 'Thflng qua sQ ung hd cua Viet Nam, Mianma gia tfing dQdc vi the ASEAN, tranh thu sQ hieu bie't, thong cam vfi ung hfi cua ban be qufi'c te de tQng budc hdi nhfip vdi t h i gidi" (42) Ke tQ Viet Nam va Mianma nang cap quan he tQ Tfl'ng Lanh sy len quan hfl ngoai giao ca'p Dai sQ nfim 1975 den nay, mo'i quan he chinh tri-ngoai giao giQa hai Hghian cQu Lfch siSr sfl 1.2013 nude da dupe tfing cUdng vfi cung cfl" so vdi nhfin dfin hai nUdc sQ nghifip xay giai doan trudc dd, bfii canh ca hai dyng vfi phfit t r i i n dfi't nQde Sy tfi't dep d i u nd lyc hfii nhfip vfio ngfii nhfi chung quan hfi chinh trj-ngogi giao da, dang ASEAN Trong qufi trinh hfii nhfip khu vyc vfi se tgo d i l u kifin thufin Ipi khfing chi cho vfi quic t l , chfnh sfich cua Vi§t Nam dfii vdi sQ phfit t r i i n cua q u a n hfi kinh t l (43) mi Mianma vfi Mianma dfii vdi Vifit Nam d i u cdn ca nhQng linh vyc quan trpng n i m chfnh sfich chung cua mdi nUdc khfic n h u hpp tfic quan sy, a n ninh, hdp tic dfii vdi khu vyc Dfing Nam A T r u y i n t h i n g gifio dye, vfin hda, t h i thao vfi du lich hQu Mfit ky nguydn p h i t t r i i n mdi mang dim nghj Ifiu ddi giQa Vifit Nam vfi Mianma sQ nghifip dfi'u t r a n h giai dafu fi'n cua thdi dai vfi cua khu vyc dang phdng dfin tfic se lfi ehfi't xuc tfic, gfin k i t dupc md ljch sQ cua mSi dan tflc CHU THfCH (1) Ng&y 18 thang n6m 1988, Hi^i ding khdi Nam t ^ C^ng lifla Li§n bang Mianma, Dai gljl Chu phue Hiin phdp vd trdt tylNhd ntldc (SLORC) dil^c Cong Phiing (chu bifin), Mianma Lich ait vd Hien tai th&nh l&p v4 doi ten nUdc \k Li§n bang Mien Di|n, Nxb Chfnh trj Qufic gia - Su thfit, Hfi Noi, 2011, tr Tfl 18 t h i n g nam 1989, chfnh thUc mang 12, 27, 414 vfi tong h ^ tU Bao Nhdn Ddn ngfiy ten Mianma (Din theo, Mai Ly Quang, 250 quic thfing nam 2010 gia vd viing ldnh tho trin thi gidi, Nxb T h i gridi (3) Ve tfin gpi Diin Diin, Ban bien t^p Ho Chi Ha N8i, 2004, tr 477) Theo Hien phap Mianma Minh todn tap, tfip cfl chu thfch nhU sau "Mis'!! nfim 2008, t^n chi'nh thflc cua qu6c gia Dong Nam Di§n: Nudc Mianma Trong nhiing nftm 1947-1948, A nfiy lfi Cgng hda Lien bang Mianma (Republic of Chil tjch H i Chf Minh dilng t§D goi DUD Di^D the Union of Myanmar ( D i n theo, Robert n Cling lfi Mianma ngfiy nay; sfich b i o luc dd cfiog Taylor, The State in Myanmar, Singapore, NUS n h u v§y Ban bien tfip gifl nguyen ban nhU sachvi Press, 2009, pp 496) Trong bfii viet nfiy, chiing toi t u li^u luu trfi (BT)" (Hd Cht Minh todn tdp, tfip dung ca hai ten goi Mig'n Di?n vfi Mianma tfiy theo (1947-1948), Nxb Chfnh tri Qu& gia, Hfi N6i, tiing thdi diem lich sii 2011, tr 451) (2) C6 the k l dfiy m^t ao n6t tUcJng dong; Vift Nam vfi Mianma deu lfi hai quoc gia c6 dien tich ldn b (4), (5) Hd Chi Minh todn tdp, tfip 5, add, tr 43, 451 D6ng Nam A lyc dja (di§n tfch cua Vi^t Nam lfi 331.700 km^ di§n tfch cua Mianma khoang 678.500 km^ dfin so cua Vi§t Nam Unh den thfing nfim 2011 lfi 90 tri^u 549.390 ngu6i; dfln sfi" Mianma nfim 2010 khoang 66 tri^u ngudi (trong dfl, 89,3% so dfin theo dao Phfit) Ca Vi^t Nam vfi Mianma d i u Ifi quoc gia da ddn t^, b6n c ^ dfin t ^ da so' (ngUdi Kinh Vi^t Nam, ngudi Mien d Mianma) thi cfl nhieu dan toe thieu Bo'ciUig chung sflng (d Vi^t Nam cfl 53 dfin toe, d Mianma cfl 135 sfic toe khac smh song (Din theo, Mai Ly Quang, 250 qudc gia vd vung ldnh tho tren the'gidi, Nxb The gifli, Hfi Noi, 2004, tr 475-480, 841-958; D^i Sil Quan Vi^t (6), (7), (8) Ho Chi Minh todn tap, tfip (19491950) add, tr 229, 229, 274 (9) Ho Chi Minh todn tap, t^p (1954-1955) sdd, tr 140-141 (10) Hd Chi Minh todn tap, tfip 10 (1955-1957) sdd, tr 522 (ll) H6 Chi Minh todn tap, tfip 11(1957-1958) sdd, tr 253 (12), (13) Hi Chi Minh todn tap, tfip 11 (19571958) add, t r 284-285, 625 (14), (15) D i n theo, Dai SQ Quan Vi?t Namt^i Cong hda Lien bang Mianma, Dai sU Chu Cong Tim hi&i mdi quan he chinh hi , Phiing (chii biSn), Mianma Lich sit vd Hien tai, Nxb Chfnh tri Qucfc gia - Sy thfit, Hfi Nfii, 2011, (31) Bfio Lao dfing ngfiy 23 thfing 11 nfim 2007 tr 396, 396 (16), (17), (27), (30), (33), (34), (37), (38), (40), (41), (42) D^i Sfl Qufin Vift Nam t^i C§ng hoa Li§n bang Mianma, Diii sfl Chu Cflng Phflng (chii bien), Mianma (29) Thdng tin Tii U$u • TTXVN -38 (1359), 30 •3- 2010 Lich sit vd Hi^n (pi, sdd, tr 396, 396, 398, 398, 399-400, 399, 400, 402, 403, 402, 404 (32) Tin Thfi" gidi • TTXVN ngfiy thfing nfim 2010 (35) Nguon: vnexpreas.net ngfiy 21 thfing 12 nfim 2011 (36) Ngufin: dantri.com.vn ngfiy 21 thfing nfim 2012 (18) Tuy luc dd Mianma dang g$p khfl khfin (39) Thfii Lan lfi nUdc cfi di§n tfch nho hdn tfic dflng cua khiing hoang kinh ti- xa hoi, nhUng Mianma mfit chflt (513.115 km'), song l^i dong Chfnh phu Mianma v&n ci gfing vi§n tr