ACCOUNTING IN COLLECTING PRODUCTION COST AND CALCULATING COST OF FINISHED GOODS IN HAPRO VODKA JOINTSTOCK COMPANY

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ACCOUNTING IN COLLECTING PRODUCTION COST AND CALCULATING COST OF FINISHED GOODS IN HAPRO VODKA JOINTSTOCK COMPANY

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DECLARATION……………………………………………………………..I ASTRACT……………………………………………………………………II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...……………………………………………….III LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES………………..………………………IV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………..V INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………… 1 1. Rationale of the study………………………………………………….1 2. Aims of the study……………………………………………………...2 3. Scope of the study……………………………………………………..3 4. Methodology…………………………………………………………..3 5. Organisation of the study………………………………………………4 CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………...5 1.1.Translation theory………………………………………………………5 1.1.1. Definition of translation………………………...…………………..5 1.1.2. Types of translation………………………………..……………….6 1.1.3. Technical translation………………………………..……………....7 1.1.3.1. Technical terminology in translation……………….……..…….8 1.1.3.2. Accounting terminology…………………………….…………10 1.1.4. Translation equivalence…………………………………..……….11 1.2. Document review……………………………………………………..17 1.2.1. Definition………………………………………………………….17 1.2.2. Document review process…………………………………………17 1.3. Translation Quality Assessment………………………………………18 1.3.1. Definition of Translation quality assessment……………………...18 1.3.2. Criteria for Translation quality assessment ……………………….19 1.3.3. Aims of Translation quality assessment…………………………..19 1.3.4. Translation quality assessment process……………………………20 CHAPTER II: THE STUDY………………………………………………...23 2.1. IIFE’s background…………………………………………………….23 2.1.1. Overview of IIFE………………………………………………..23 2.1.2. The structure of IIFE…………………………………………….23 2.1.3. The role of IIFE …………………………………………………24 2.2. Source text analysis………………………………………………….25 2.2.1. The author’s purpose……………………………………………25 2.2.2. The readership…………………………………………………...25 2.2.3. The topic…………………………………………………………26 2.2.4. Characteristic of SL terminology………………………………..26 2.2.4.1. Sub technical terms……………...………………..................26 2.2.4.2. Highly technical terms………………...…………………….34 2.2.5. Summary of chapter’s findings………………………………….42 2.3. Comparison of the translation with the original……………………...42 2.3.1. The translation of the topic………………………………………43 2.3.2. The translation of terminologies…………………………………43 2.3.2.1. Sub technical terms………………………...………………..43 2.3.2.2. Highly technical terms………………...…………………….46 2.3.3. Summary of chapter’s findings…………………………………..50 2.4. The evaluation of the translation……………………………………..49 Chapter III: RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………. 3.1. Summary of the findings…………………………………………….. 3.2. Some suggestions to improve the translation quality…………….. CONCLUSION REFERENCES APPENDIX

MINISTRY OF FINANCE ACADEMY OF FINANCE FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE  GRADUATION THESIS ACCOUNTING IN COLLECTING PRODUCTION COST AND CALCULATING COST OF FINISHED GOODS IN HAPRO VODKA JOINTSTOCK COMPANY DINH THI TRANG CQ48/51-04 HANOI, 5/2014 MINISTRY OF FINANCE ACADEMY OF FINANCE FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE  GRADUATION THESIS ACCOUNTING IN COLLECTING PRODUCTION COST AND CALCULATING COST OF FINISHED GOODS IN HAPRO VODKA JOINTSTOCK COMPANY MAJOR : English for Finance andAccounting Code : 51 STUDENT : Dinh Thi Trang GROUP : CQ48/51-04 SUPERVISOR : Cao Xuan Thieu, M.A HANOI, 5/2014 GRADUATION THESIS DECLARATION This thesis is the presentation of result of my own research during the time of internship in Institute of International Finance Education (IIFE), and has not been submitted for a degree to any other universities or institutions To the best of my knowledge, the thesis does not contain material previously published or another people, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text Hanoi, April 11, 2014 Dinh Thi Thuy Trinh DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 Page GRADUATION THESIS ABSTRACT This thesis focuses on the translation quality assessment of the Vietnamese version of financial and accounting terminologies in Paper F3Financial accounting (International) belonging ACCA program translated by translators in IIFE Specifically, it is more concerned with the assessment of terminologies at word level and above word level in two groups: sub technical and highly technical group The study starts with the introduction by giving a rationale for the study, pointing out aims, scope and methods of the study Chapter I presents the study’s literature review It elaborates on the issues relevant to the study including the notion and classification of translation, translation equivalence, technical translation, technical terminology, translation quality assessment, document review Chapter II analyses the source language text and concentrates on financial and accounting terminologies through document review to arrange them in sub technical and highly technical group resting with characteristics of each group Simultaneously, this chapter also compares the original text with the translation to evaluate the accuracy of terminologies Chapter III summaries the results of study and gives recommendations for improving the quality of translation DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 Page GRADUATION THESIS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, I would like to express my profound gratitude to my supervisor Pham Thi Lan Phuong, M.A, who has continuously encouraged me to develop my savvy of the subject Without her motivation, enthusiasm and intensive expertise, this thesis could not be completed I also wish to express my sincere thanks to Tran Minh Thu, M.A for her directions, correction and comments during the course of my writing Moreover, I truly appreciate the internship opportunities that Assoc Dr Bui Duong Nghieu has offered me at Institute of International Finance Education (IIFE) And thanks to him, I have a chance to access documents translated, which are surely contributed to the foundation of my thesis I also owe my debt of gratitude to staffs in IIFE, especially the international training development office for their kindness and support Finally, I would like to show my deep gratitude to my parents for their care, support, encouragement, without which my thesis would not have been accomplished DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 Page GRADUATION THESIS LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Figure 2.1The percentage of single verb and noun in sub technical group….28 Figure 2.2 The main components in sub technical group above word level 33 Figure 2.3 The comparison in number between single noun in sub technical group and highly technical group……………… ………………………… 36 Table 2.1 The most appearing times of single verbs in the textbook……… 29 DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 Page GRADUATION THESIS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SL: Source language TL: Target language ST: Source text TT: Target text N: Noun Adj: Adjective V: Verb IIFE: Institute of International Finance Education TABLE OF CONTENT DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 Page GRADUATION THESIS DECLARATION…………………………………………………………… I ASTRACT……………………………………………………………………II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………….III LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES……………… ………………………IV LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………… V INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………… 1 Rationale of the study………………………………………………….1 Aims of the study…………………………………………………… Scope of the study…………………………………………………… Methodology………………………………………………………… Organisation of the study………………………………………………4 CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………… 1.1 Translation theory………………………………………………………5 1.1.1 Definition of translation……………………… ………………… 1.1.2 Types of translation……………………………… ……………….6 1.1.3 Technical translation……………………………… …………… 1.1.3.1 Technical terminology in translation……………….…… …….8 1.1.3.2 Accounting terminology…………………………….…………10 1.1.4 Translation equivalence………………………………… ……….11 DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 Page GRADUATION THESIS 1.2 Document review…………………………………………………… 17 1.2.1 Definition………………………………………………………….17 1.2.2 Document review process…………………………………………17 1.3 Translation Quality Assessment………………………………………18 1.3.1 Definition of Translation quality assessment…………………… 18 1.3.2 Criteria for Translation quality assessment ……………………….19 1.3.3 Aims of Translation quality assessment………………………… 19 1.3.4 Translation quality assessment process……………………………20 CHAPTER II: THE STUDY……………………………………………… 23 2.1 IIFE’s background…………………………………………………….23 2.1.1 Overview of IIFE……………………………………………… 23 2.1.2 The structure of IIFE…………………………………………….23 2.1.3 The role of IIFE …………………………………………………24 2.2 Source text analysis………………………………………………….25 2.2.1 The author’s purpose……………………………………………25 2.2.2 The readership………………………………………………… 25 2.2.3 The topic…………………………………………………………26 2.2.4 Characteristic of SL terminology……………………………… 26 2.2.4.1 Sub technical terms…………… ……………… 26 DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 Page GRADUATION THESIS 2.2.4.2 Highly technical terms……………… …………………….34 2.2.5 Summary of chapter’s findings………………………………….42 2.3 Comparison of the translation with the original…………………… 42 2.3.1 The translation of the topic………………………………………43 2.3.2 The translation of terminologies…………………………………43 2.3.2.1 Sub technical terms……………………… ……………… 43 2.3.2.2 Highly technical terms……………… …………………….46 2.3.3 Summary of chapter’s findings………………………………… 50 2.4 The evaluation of the translation…………………………………… 49 Chapter III: RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………… 3.1 Summary of the findings…………………………………………… 3.2 Some suggestions to improve the translation quality…………… CONCLUSION REFERENCES APPENDIX DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 Page 10 During the study, terminologies are classified at word level and above word level that are equal to the equivalence at word level and above word level After assessing the translation quality assessment of the book Financial Accounting F3 (ACCA) provided by IIFE, Academy of Finance, some solutions has been suggested to improve the translation quality of technical document in general and financial & accounting terminology in specific DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 Page 66 REFERENCE English Baker, M (1992) In Other Words – A coursebook on translation London and New York: Routledge Bassnett, S (1980) Translation Studies London: Methuen Bell, R.T.(1991) Translation and translating London and New York: Routledge Catford, J.C (1965) A Linguistic Theory of Translation- An Essay in Applied Linguistics Great Britain: Oxford University Press Chesterman, A (1989) Readings on Translation Theories Finland: Oy Finn Lectura Ab Forutanian S (2012) Designing a model for Translation of Technical Termonology Sepahan University DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 Hatim.B & Mason I (1990) Discourse and the Translator New York:Longman House, J (1977) A model for Translation Quality Assessment Tubingen: Gunter Narr Jakobson, Roman (1959) On linguistic Aspects of Translation.in R.A Brower (ed) Co Translation Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 10 Kenny, Dorothy (1998) Equivalence In the Routlege Encyclopaedia of Translation Studies edited by Mona Baker, London and New York: Routledge 11 Koller,W (1979) Equivalence in translation theory 12 Larson, M.L (1984) Meaning – based Translation – A guide to CrossLanguage Equivalence Lanham: University Press of America 13 Merriam- Webster Dictionary (1974), Merriam-Webster Company 14 Munday, J (2001) Introducing Translation Studies – Theories and Applications London and New York: Routledge 15 Nida,E.A & Taber,C.R (1995) The Theory and Practice of Translation Leiden: E.J.Bill 16 Newmark, P (1988) A Textbook of Translation Oxford: Pergamon Institute of English 17 Sofer, M (1991) The Translator’s Handbook Rockville: Maryland 18 Thuy, V.T.T (2005) A study on The translation of English computer Texts in Vietnamese equivalents Hanoi:Vietnam National University 19 Wilss, W (1982) The science of Translation – Problems and Methods Tubingen: Gunter Narr 20 World Bank Institute (2007) Needs assessment knowledge base: A Practical Guide.Sage Publications, Inc Vietnamese 21 Nguyễn Văn Tứ (1969) Khái niệm ngôn ngữ học Hà Nội: Nhà xuất giáo dục DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 22 Nguyễn Thiện Giaps (1985) Từ vựng học Tiếng Việt Hà Nội: Nhà xuất Đại Học Trung học chuyên nghiệp APPENDIX CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING GIỚI THIỆU VỀ KẾ TOÁN Sole trader: Hộ kinh doanh Partnership: Công ty hợp danh Limited liability company: Công ty4 Financial report: Báo cáo tài trách nhiệm hữu hạn Financial accounting: Kế toán tài6 Management (or cost) accounting: Kế toán quản trị Asset: Tài sản Plant and machinery:Máy móc, thiết10 Capital: Nguồn vốn Liability: Nợ phải trả bị, nhà xưởng 11 Inventory: Hàng tồn kho 12 Income: Thu nhập 13 Profit: Lợi nhuận 14 Income statement: Báo cáo kết kinh doanh DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 15 Statement of financial position: Báo16 Expense: Chi phí cáo tình hình tài 17 Revenue: Doanh thu CHAPTER 2: THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK KHUNG PHÁP LÝ The International Standards Committee Accounting2 The International Accounting Foundation Standards Board (IASB): Hội đồng (IASCF): Tổ chức ủy ban chuẩn mực chuẩn mực kế toán quốc tế kế toán quốc tế The Standards Advisory Council4 The (SAC): Financial Reporting Interpretation (IFRIC): Hội đồng cố vấn chuẩn mực International Hội đồng hướng dẫn báo cáo tài International Accounting Standards6 International Financial Reporting (IASs): Chuẩn mực kế toán quốc tế Standards (IFRSs): Chuẩn mực báo cáo tài quốc tế Generally Accepted Accounting The Exchange Securities Principles (GAAP): Nguyên tắc kế and toán chung (SEC): Uỷ ban chứng khoán sàn giao dịch Mỹ DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 Commission CHAPTER 3: ACCOUNTING CONVENTIONS CÁC QUY TẮC KẾ TOÁN Accruals: Cơ sở dồn tích Materiality: Nguyên tắc trọng yếu Consistency: Nguyên tắc quán Relevance: Nguyên tắc phù hợp Reliability: Tin cậy, xác Faithful presentation: Thể Substance over form: Uu tiên nội chân thực Completeness: Tính đầy đủ dung hình thức Neutrality: Trung gian 10 Comparability: Có thể so sánh 11 Understandability: Tính dễ hiểu 12 Business entity concept: Khái niệm 14 16 thực thể kinh doanh Replacement cost: Chi phí thay Economic value: Gía trị kinh tế 18 Statement of cash flow: Báo cáo 15 Historical cost: Gía gốc Net realisable value: Gía trị 17 có thê thực Statement of changes 13 in equity:Báo cáo thay đổi vốn chủ 19 sở hữu Accounting policies and lưu chuyển tiền tệ 20 Net book value:Gía trị ghi sổ 22 Prudence: Nguyên tắc thận trọng explanatory notes: Chính sách kế 21 toán thuyết minh giải thích Retained earnings: Thu nhập giữ lại DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 23 25 Timeliness: Tính kịp thời Fair presentation: Trình bày hợp Offsetting: Nguyên tắc bù trừ Going concern: Hoạt động liện tục 24 26 lý PART C: THE USE OF DOUBLE ENTRY AND ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS VẬN DỤNG BÚT TOÁN KÉP VÀ CÁC HỆ THỐNG KẾ TOÁN CHAPTER 4: SOURCES, RECORDS AND BOOKS OF PRIME ENTRY CHỨNG TỪ, TÀI LIỆU VÀ SỔ NHẬT KÍ CHUNG Double entry bookkeeping Quotation: Giấy báo giá Purchase order: Đơn đặt hang nhà cung cấp Goods dispatched note: Tờ thông principles: Nguyên tắc ghi sổ kép Sales order: Đơn đặt hàng người mua Goods received note: Tờ thông 11 báo nhận hang Invoice: Hóa đơn Debit note: Giấy báo nợ Receipt: Biên lai 10 báo hàng gửi Credit note: Giấy báo có Remittance advice: Giấy báo 12 chuyển tiền Ledger account: Tài khoản gốc/ 13 Book of prime entry: Sổ nhật ký 14 tài khoản sổ Security: Chứng khoán 15 chung Sales day books: sổ nhật biên 16 Purchase day book: sổ nhật biên 17 bán chịu Sales returns day book: Sổ nhật 18 mua chịu Purchase returns day book: Sổ biên hàng bán bị trả lại nhật biên hàng mua trả lại DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 19 21 Journal: Sổ nhật ký chung 20 Cash book: Sổ quỹ tiền mặt Petty cash book: Sổ quỹ tạp phí CHAPTER 5: LEDGER ACCOUNTS AND DOUBLE ENTRY TÀI KHOẢN SỔ CÁI VÀ BÚT TOÁN KÉP Nominal ledger: Sổ tổng hợp The receivables ledgers: Sổ tài khoản phải thu Drawings: Giấy rut tiền Trade accounts payable: Phải trả cho người bán Trade accounts receivable: Phải Ledger: Sổ The payables ledgers: Số tài thu khách hang Double entry bookkeeping: Ghi sổ kép khoản phải trả CHAPTER 6: FROM TRIAL BALANCE TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TỪ BẢNG CÂN ĐỐI SỐ PHÁT SINH LÊN BÁO CÁO TÀI CHÍNH The trial balance: Bảng cân đối số phát sinh The statement The incomestatement: Báo cáo kết hoạt động kinh doanh of financial position: Bảng cân đối kế toán CHAPTER 7: SALES TAX DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 THUẾ HÀNG HÓA Sales tax: Thuế hàng hóa Input sales tax: Thuế hàng hóa đầu vào Output sales tax: Thuế hàng hóa Levy: thu thuế Bear: Chịu đầu Charge: ghi sổ CHAPTER 8: INVENTORY HÀNG TỒN KHO Cost of goods sold: Gía vốn hàng bán Raw material: Nguyên liệu, Goods written off and written down: Hàng hóa xóa sổ ghi sổ Finished goods: Thành phẩm FIFO (first in, first out): vật liệu Work in progress: Chi phí sản xuất kinh doanh dở dang Phương pháp nhập trước xuất trước AVCO (average cost): Phương LIFO (last in, first out): Phương pháp bình quân gia quyền pháp nhập sau xuất trước Net realisable value (NRV): Gía trị thực Direct materials cost: of conversion: Chi phí chế biến Chi phí nguyên vật liệu trực tiếp Fixed production overhead: Chi phí cố định 10 Costs 12 Direct labour cost: Chi phí nhân công trực tiếp 14 Variable production Chi phí biến đổi DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 overhead: Purchase price: Gía mua Trade discount: Chiết khấu thương mại Storage costs: Chi phí quản lý kho 16 Import duties: Thuế nhập 18 Abnormal amounts: Các khoản bất thường 20 Administrative overheads: Chi phí quản lý doanh nghiệp Selling costs: Chi phí bán hàng 22 Carrying cost: Chi phí bảo tồn hàng lưu kho Carriage inwards: Chi phí vận chuyển hàng hóa mua 24 Carriage outwards: Chi phí vận chuyển hàng hóa bán DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 CHAPTER 9: TANGIBLE NON-CURRENT ASSETS TÀI SẢN CỐ ĐỊNH HỮU HÌNH Non - current asset: Tài sản cố Residual value: Gía trị lý định thu hồi Carrying value: Gía trị lại tài sản Accumulated depreciation: Khấu hao lũy kế The straight line depreciation: The reducing balance method: Khấu hao theo phương pháp Khấu hao theo phương pháp số đường thẳng dư giảm dần Useful life: Thời gian sử dụng hữu ích Non- current asset disposal: Chuyển nhượng tài sản cố định Depreciation expense: Chi phí khấu hao Allowance 10 for depreciation with assets: Dự phòng cho khấu hao tài sản 11 Revaluation of non-current assets: Đánh giá lại tài sản cố 12 The asset register: Sổ theo dõi chi tiết tài sản cố định định DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 CHAPTER 10: INTANGIBLE NON-CURRENT ASSET TÀI SẢN CỐ ĐỊNH VÔ HÌNH Intangible asset: Tài sản vô hình Research and development costs: Chi phí nghiên cứu phát triển Amortisation: Khấu hao với tài Accounting treatment: Hạch sản vô hình toán kế toán CHAPTER 11: ACCRUALS AND PREPAYMENTS CƠ SỞ DỒN TÍCH VÀ CÁC KHOẢN TRẢ TRƯỚC Accrued Prepaid expenses expenses (accruals): Chi phí phát (prepayments): Chi phí trả trước sinh CHAPTER 12: IRRECOVERABLE DEBTS AND ALLOWANCE NỢ KHÓ ĐÒI VÀ KHOẢN DỰ PHÒNG Irrecoverable debts: Nợ xấu Credit control: Kiểm soát nợ Credit limit: Giới hạn nợ The aged receivable analysis: Phân tích khoản phải thu đến hạn Allowances for receivables: Dự phòng cho khoản phải thu DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 CHAPTER 13: PROVISIONS AND CONTINGENCIES DỰ PHÒNG VÀ NỢ TIỀM TÀNG Provision: Dự phòng Sales returns: Hàng bán bị trả lại Contingent liabilities: Nợ tiềm tang Contingent asset: Tài sản tiềm tang PART E: PREPARING A TRIAL BALANCE (LẬP BẢNG CÂN ĐỐI SỐ PHÁT SINH) CHAPTER 14: CONTROL ACCOUNTS TÀI KHOẢN KIỂM SOÁT Control account: Tài khoản kiểm soát Receivables control account: Tài khoản kiểm soát khoản phải thu Payables control account: Tài Discounts: Chiết khấu khoản kiểm soát khoản phải trả Trade discount: Cash discount: Chiết khấu Chiết khấu thương mại toán Contra entries: Bút toán đối Net of trade discounts: Chiết khấu thương mại ròng CHAPTER 15: BANK RECONCILIATIONS SỔ PHỤ NGÂN HÀNG Bank statement: kê ngân hàng DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 Bank charges or bank interest: chi phí hay lãi suất ngân hàng Bank reconciliation: Sổ Cheque: Séc phụ ngân hàng Overdraft: Nợ thấu chi CHAPTER 20: INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY ACCOUNTING GIỚI THIỆU VIỆC HẠCH TOÁN KẾ TOÁN CỦA CÔNG TY Accounting records: Ghi sổ kế Share capital: Cổ phiếu quỹ toán Preference share: Cổ phiếu ưu đãi Ordinary shares: Cổ phiếu thường Revaluation surplus: Thặng dư Loan stock: Số vốn vay đánh giá lại Authorised (legal)capital: Vốn điều lệ Called- up capital: Vốn gọi 11 Redeemable preference shares: Issued share capital: Vốn cổ phần 12 phát hành Paid-up capital: Vốn góp Irredeemable preference shares: Cổ phiếu ưu đãi chuyển 13 15 Cổ phiếu ưu đãi đổi chuyển đổi Dividend: cổ tức Profit after tax: Lợi nhuận sau thuế Fixed rate of interest: Tỉ lệ lãi 16 The share premium account: suất cố định Tài khoản lãi cổ phiếu CHAPTER 21: PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR COMPANIES LẬP CÁC BÁO CÁO TÀI CHÍNH CHO CÁC CÔNG TY Income tax expense: Chi phí Finance cost: Chi phí tài thuế thu nhập Taxation: Thuế Sales of goods and services: Doanh thu bán hàng hóa DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 dịch vụ Royalties: Phí quyền Goodwill: Lợi thương mại THE STRUCTURE OF IIFE THE HEAD OF IIFE The international training office The international training development office The scientific office DINH THI THUY TRINH - CQ48/51-04 The synthesis office

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  • Apart from one word terms, the number of above- word-level terms in sub technical group accounts for a major part in the gross of accounting and financial terms in paper F3 – Financial accounting. Above - word - level terms are normally created by compounding Noun+ Noun; Adjective + Noun; present participle + Noun; Past participle + Noun, Noun +preposition+ Noun; or in some cases, is is also combined by three Nouns like Noun + Noun + Noun. The next sections will dealt with each type of above – word – level terms in detail.

  • The compounds Noun+ Noun (N+N)

  • Unlike the formality of single terms in sub technical group, the compound terms in this group consist two words at least. However, they have common characteristic is not too difficult for the nonprofessional to translate. For example: Trade discount (chiết khấu thương mại); Replacement cost (Chi phí thay thế); Remittance advice (giấy báo chuyển tiền); administration expense (Chi phí quản lý doanh nghiệp); Finance charge (Chi phí tài chính); Credit control (kiểm soát tín dụng), Credit limit (giới hạn tín dụng); bank statement (sao kê ngân hàng); bank overdraft (thấu chi ngân hàng); Sales invoice (hóa đơn bán hàng); Purchase invoice (hóa đơn mua hàng), depreciation method (phương pháp khấu hao); Inventory count (kiểm kê hàng tồn kho); Cash flow (dòng tiền), preference share (cổ phiếu ưu đãi), preference dividend (cổ tức ưu đãi), distribution cost (chi phí phân phối)

  • They can be easily translated through connecting between the Vietnamese meaning of two words in right order but not reviewing the secondary meaning apart from their primary meaning. They are regarded easier to understand than the compound terms in highly technical group

  • The compounds Adjective + Noun (Adj+N)

  • The compounds Adjective + Noun consist of an Adjective and a Noun of which Adjective functions as Classifier and the head Noun, combining together are the most frequently used in the form of nominal group. They are existed in the textbook and presented as following:

  • SL Terms

  • Vietnamese equivalence

  • Financial statement

  • Báo cáo tài chính

  • Economic value

  • Gía trị kinh tế

  • Financial position

  • Tình hình tài chính

  • Net profit

  • Lợi nhuận ròng

  • Annual depreciation

  • Mức khấu hao hằng năm

  • Double entry

  • Bút toán kép

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