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Toeic truyền thống kiểm tra 2 kỹ năng nghe và đọc. Vì vậy điểm quyết định trong bài thi toeic là vốn từ của người thi. Đây là 3420 từ vựng trong toài bộ 13 chuyên đề sẽ thi trong bài thi toeic, học được càng nhiều từ vựng trong bộ từ này bạn càng đạt được điểm số cao trong kỳ thi Toiec.
A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words A.O.B AOL abbr used at the end of the list of subjects to be abbr American corporation headquartered in Virginia, discussed at a meeting or conference owner and operator of on line and interactive computer services Forms: any other business Forms: America Online –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ASAP a.m abbr quickly; immediately; swiftly; speedily; fast abbr morning; time before noon; hours between midnight and noon Forms: as soon as possible (asap, a.s.a.p., A.S.A.P.) Forms: ante meridiem (am, A.M, AM) –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abbreviation abide n shortened form of a word or word combination v to comply; to obey; to conform; to stay; to tolerate Forms: plural: abbreviations Forms: abided; abided; abiding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ability able n skill; talent; aptitude; capacity; power adj competent; talented; apt Forms: plural: abilities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abolish abound v to cancel; to revoke v to be plentiful; to be filled with; to overflow with Forms: abolished; abolished; abolishing Forms: abounded; abounded; abounding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– above above prep over; higher than; more than n something previously mentioned or indicated Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– above above adj mentioned earlier in the same text adv overhead; over; in a higher place –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abreast abroad adv side by side; in alignment; on top of; up-to-date; adv in another country; outside; widely well-informed –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– absence absent n failure to appear; state of being away; state of being adj preoccupied; lost in thought not present Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words absorb absorbed v to suck up; take up; take in adj treated as an expense Forms: absorbed; absorbed; absorbing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abundant abuse adj plentiful; copious; profuse; full abounding with v to injure; to harm; to mistreat Forms: abused; abused; abusing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– abuse accelerate n maltreatment; corrupt practice; foul language v to hasten; to increase the speed of something; to speed something up Forms: no plural Forms: accelerated; accelerated; accelerating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accelerator accept n gas pedal of a motor vehicle v to receive; to agree; to consent Forms: plural: accelerators Forms: accepted; accepted; accepting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– acceptance access n act of receiving; approval; state of believing in v to gain entrance to; to get at something Forms: no plural Forms: accessed; accessed; accessing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– access accident n approach; entry; permission to enter a computer n casualty; misadventure; mishap; failure system or network and/or retrieve data Forms: no plural Forms: plural: accidents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accommodate accommodation v to adapt oneself; to host guests; to provide lodging n housing; residence; lodging; arrangement; adjustment Forms: accommodated; accommodated; accommodating Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accompany accomplish v to go along with; to go together with; to join; to attach v to complete; to achieve; to attain; to perform Forms: accompanied; accompanied; accompanying Forms: accomplished; accomplished; accomplishing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words accomplishment accord n fulfillment; realization; attainment; achievement v to give; to match; to fit; to complement Forms: plural: accomplishments Forms: accorded; accorded; according –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accord accordance n agreement; settlement; harmony n conformity; agreement; coordination; suitability Forms: no plural Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– account account v to explain; to give a report; to cause; to regard n business arrangement; client; funds deposited in a bank Forms: accounted; accounted; accounting Forms: plural: accounts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accountant accounting n a person who keeps financial records; a person who n a system of recording and analyzing financial conducts financial audits transactions; auditing; a detailed financial statement Forms: plural: accountants Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accredit accrue v to certify; to recognize; to assign; to license v to compile; to increase; to accumulate; to grow Forms: accredited; accredited; accrediting Forms: accrued; accrued; accruing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– accuracy achieve n preciseness; exactness v to obtain; to attain; to perform; to accomplish Forms: no plural Forms: achieved; achieved; achieving –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– achievement acquaint n performance; operation; attainment; mission; success v to make familiar; to present someone; to introduce someone Forms: plural: achievements Forms: acquainted; acquainted; acquainting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– acquaintance acquainted n person that you have met but not know well; adj familiar; close; intimate; informed; aware knowledge of something; familiarity Forms: plural: acquaintances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words acquire acquisition v to buy; to obtain; to purchase; to attain n purchase; something that has been purchased or obtained Forms: acquired; acquired; acquiring Forms: plural: acquisitions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– acronym actual n a word which is formed from the first letters of several adj substantial; real; tangible; current words; i.e TOEIC or NATO Forms: plural: acronyms –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ad ad n informal word for a commercial announcement pref toward; at Forms: plural: ads –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adamant adamant n something unyielding; something hard; stone similar to adj unyielding; firm; hard; unbending diamond Forms: plural: adamants –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adapt addiction v to conform; to change; to make suitable; to match; to fit n devotion to a certain habit; dependency Forms: adapted; adapted; adapting Forms: plural: addictions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– addition additional n supplement; mathematical operation adj extra; supplemental Forms: plural: additions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– additive address n supplement v to direct to; to speak to; to direct to a specific destination; to refer to Forms: plural: additives Forms: addressed; addressed; addressing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– address adept n location; description of a location adj proficient; skilled; expert Forms: plural: addresses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words adept adequate n person who is an expert; person who is skilled adj sufficient; suitable; appropriate; proper Forms: plural: adepts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adhere adjourn v to stick to; to cling to; to be devoted to (an idea, group, v to postpone; to delay; to end a meeting; to move to organization etc.) another place Forms: adhered; adhered; adhering Forms: adjourned; adjourned; adjourning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adjust adjustable rate v to modify; to adapt; to fit; to arrange; to settle n an interest percentage that changes over time Forms: adjusted; adjusted; adjusting Forms: plural: adjustable rates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adjustment administer n adaption; settlement of an insurance claim v to manage; to supervise; to supply; to dispense Forms: plural: adjustments Forms: administered; administered; administering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– administration administrative n management; supervisors; leadership adj managerial; executive Forms: plural: administrations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– admirable admiration adj worthy of adoration; impressive; wonderful; n enchantment; affection; adoration marvelous Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– admission admit n entrance; permission to enter; confession v to confess to something; to allow entrance; to accept as valid Forms: no plural Forms: admitted; admitted; admitting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– admonish ado v to warn; to scold; to reprove n commotion; flurry; excitement Forms: admonished; admonished; admonishing Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words adopt adorn v to form a relationship with another person v to decorate; to beautify Forms: adopted; adopted; adopting Forms: adorned; adorned; adorning –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adroit adult adj alert; clever; ingenious; skillful; adept n opposite of child; a grown-up; a mature person Forms: plural: adults –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adult advance adj mature; full grown adj beforehand –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advance advance n progress; modernization; promotion v to progress; to promote; to make a payment before it is due Forms: plural: advances Forms: advanced; advanced; advancing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advancement advantage n forward movement; progress; promotion n benefit; profit; utility; avail Forms: plural: advancements Forms: plural: advantages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advantage adverse opinion v to help; to assist; to promote; to be beneficial to n one of several separate payments into which a debt has been divided; section; portion Forms: advantaged; advantaged; advantaging Forms: plural: adverse opinions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– adversely adversity adv unfavorably; in a manner that works against; n misfortune; hardship; distress; suffering antagonistically Forms: plural: adversities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advert advert v to refer to; to comment on; to draw attention to n public announcement or printed notice designed to attract attention Forms: adverted; adverted; adverting Forms: plural: adverts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words advertise advertisement v to promote; to draw attention to; to publicize n commercial information designed to attract attention; commercial Forms: advertised; advertised; advertising Forms: plural: advertisements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advice advise n counsel; guidance; specific information; hint v to counsel; to offer guidance; to notify; to inform Forms: no plural Forms: advised; advised; advising –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– advisor affect n a person who provides guidance; consultant; counselor v to influence Forms: plural: advisors; other spelling version: adviser Forms: affected; affected; affecting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– affiliate affiliate n partner company; distributor v to join with; to connect to; to become attached to Forms: plural: affiliates Forms: affiliated; affiliated; affiliating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– affiliation affinity n connection; attachment n attraction; closeness; liking; likeness Forms: plural: affiliations Forms: plural: affinities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– afford age v to be able to pay for; to supply; to provide n period; era; generation Forms: afforded; afforded; affording Forms: plural: ages –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– age agency v to grow older; to mature n office; bureau; institution; franchise; method Forms: aged; aged; aging Forms: plural: agencies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– agenda agent n schedule; calendar; outline of things to be done n representative; rep; factor; cause Forms: plural: agendas Forms: plural: agents –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aggregate aggregate v to accumulate; to gather; to collect; to assemble adj collective; total; taking all units as a whole Forms: aggregated; aggregated; aggregating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words aggregate aging schedule n combination; conjunction; group; mixture n a list of accounts receivable Forms: plural: aggregates Forms: plural: aging schedules –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– agree agreement v to consent; to concur; to suit; to have the same n pact; contract; accord; consent; concurrence opinion; to fit Forms: agreed; agreed; agreeing Forms: plural: agreements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ahead aid adv forward; in advance v to help; to assist Forms: aided; aided; aiding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aid aim n help; assistance; accessory n purpose; goal; objective; target Forms: plural: aids Forms: plural: aims –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aim aircraft v to try or to intend to achieve something; to direct; to n any vehicle which can be flown (i.e helicopter) plan; to aspire Forms: aimed; aimed; aiming Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– airport airways n place used by planes for takeoff and landing n route through traveled by vehicles above ground level Forms: plural: airports Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– aisle alert n passage; walkway (between rows of seats or shelves) adj ready; attentive; quick; agile Forms: plural: aisles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alert alert n warning; alarm; attitude of readiness v to warn; to put on standby; to alarm Forms: plural: alerts Forms: alerted; alerted; alerting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words alive allay adj active; attentive v to relieve; to calm; to alleviate pain Forms: allayed; allayed; allaying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alleviate alliance v to allay; to soothe; to relieve; to soften; to lessen n pact; treaty; connection; relationship Forms: alleviated; alleviated; alleviating Forms: plural: alliances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– allot allow v to give out; to distribute; to ration; to set aside for a v to permit; to enable special purpose Forms: allotted; allotted; allotting Forms: allowed; allowed; allowing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– allowance already n grant; pocket money; stipend; discount; deduction adv previously; before a certain time Forms: plural: allowances –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alter alternate v to change; to modify adj rotating; one after the other; interchanging Forms: altered; altered; altering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– alternate alternative v to interchange; to take turns; to rotate; to substitute n choice; option Forms: alternated; alternated; alternating Forms: plural: alternatives –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– although altitude conj despite the fact that; in spite of the fact that n height; distance above sea level Forms: plural: altitudes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ambiguity ambiguous n vagueness; lack of clarity adj open to dispute; obscure; vague Forms: plural: ambiguities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ambition ambitious n aspiration; hope; goal; dream adj aspiring; desirous of success; requiring great effort Forms: plural: ambitions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– A 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words ambivalence amend n state of having both positive and negative feelings v to change; to alter; to improve towards a subject Forms: no plural Forms: amended; amended; amending –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– amortization amount n gradual payment of debt; the reduction of the value of v to come to a sum; to become; to total an asset Forms: plural: amortizations Forms: amounted; amounted; amounting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– amount ample n quantity; sum adj much; plenty; large; spacious Forms: plural: amounts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– analysis analyze n process of breaking down a subject and studying it; v to examine; to break down into parts and study (as in a examination subject) Forms: no plural Forms: analyzed; analyzed; analyzing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– anchor anchor v to attach firmly; to fasten tightly n newsreader; broadcaster Forms: anchored; anchored; anchoring Forms: plural: anchors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– anger anger v to irritate; to infuriate; to enrage n rage; fury Forms: angered; angered; angering Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– angle angle v to bend; to turn sharply in a different direction n point of view; perspective Forms: angled; angled; angling Forms: plural: angles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– anniversary announcement n yearly date commemorating a special event; birthday n declaration; notice; the act of informing the public Forms: plural: anniversaries Forms: plural: announcements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– T 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words travel traveler v to go on a journey; to move; to go from one place to n one who makes a journey another Forms: traveled; traveled; traveling Forms: plural: travelers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tray treasure n flat receptacle used to hold other items; platter v to put away for future use Forms: plural: trays Forms: treasured; treasured; treasuring –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– treat treat n delight; refreshment or entertainment given to its v to relate to; to deal with; to process; to pay for recipient without cost Forms: plural: treats Forms: treated; treated; treating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– treatment treaty n therapy; care; relation; attitude; behavior n formal agreement between two states; compact; covenant; contract Forms: plural: treatments Forms: plural: treaties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– tremendous trespasser adj very great in numbers; huge; powerful n one who damages a person or his property or rights Forms: plural: trespassers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trial trial n test; attempt; experiment; annoyance adj experimental; exploratory; test; used as a sample Forms: plural: trials –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– triangle trivial n shape having three sides and three corners; group of adj trifling; unimportant; insignificant; minor three Forms: plural: triangles –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trouble trouble n problem; misfortune; annoyance; cause of worry v to worry; to cause concern; to annoy; to bother; to disturb Forms: plural: troubles Forms: troubled; troubled; troubling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 211 T 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words truly trust adv really; genuinely n confidence; faith; credit; monopoly; several companies banded together in order to reduce competition Forms: plural: trusts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trust trustee v to rely on; to extend business credit n person granted legal custodianship over property not belonging to him Forms: trusted; trusted; trusting Forms: plural: trustees –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– trustee turnover v to grant a person or persons legal custodianship over n gross revenues; total business done; rate of selling or property not belonging to them producing Forms: trusteed; trusteed; trusteeing Forms: plural: turnovers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– twice adv doubly –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 212 U 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words ultimately unable adv in the end; eventually adj not capable –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unauthorized unbiased adj unlicensed; forbidden; unlawful adj impartial; equitable –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– uncertain uncertainty adj doubtful; not reliable; ambiguous n doubtfulness Forms: plural: uncertainties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unconventional undercut adj not standard; not ordinary n type of beef tenderloin; type of cavity with a broad base Forms: plural: undercuts –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– undercut underestimate v to offer at lower prices than the competition; to v to assign too low a value to weaken; to undermine Forms: undercut; undercut; undercutting Forms: underestimated; underestimated; underestimating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– underline underline n caption beneath an illustration v to emphasize Forms: plural: underlines Forms: underlined; underlined; underlining –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– understatement underway n representing something less strongly than what the adj having begun a journey (especially of a sea vessel); facts would justify initiated; in progress; under construction Forms: plural: understatements –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unfair unforeseen adj biased; dishonest adj not anticipated; not expected –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unfortunately unify adv regrettably v to join; to cause to become one Forms: unified; unified; unifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 213 U 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words union unique n workers' association; federation; amalgamation adj singular; matchless; rare Forms: plural: unions –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– uniqueness unit n singularity; individuality; incomparability n specific quantity regarded as a standard; combination which acts a whole; piece Forms: no plural Forms: plural: units –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unjudged unless adj objective conj not before; precluding; barring; except; aside from –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unlimited unlock adj infinite; boundless v to open; to free from restraints; to release Forms: unlocked; unlocked; unlocking –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unnecessary unsanitary adj excessive; redundant; superfluous adj not healthful; not clean –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– unsatisfactory until adj inadequate; disappointing; not good enough prep up to –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– until unveil conj up to the time which v to reveal; to uncover; to disclose Forms: unveiled; unveiled; unveiling –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– upcoming update adj about to happen; imminent n more current version of something Forms: plural: updates –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– update upgrade v to modernize; to make current n the process of installing a newer and more powerful version of a software package or a piece of hardware Forms: updated; updated; updating Forms: plural: upgrades –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 214 U 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words upgrade upholstery v to improve; to raise the quality of n materials that are used to cushion and cover furniture (i.e fabric, lining, padding, etc.) Forms: upgraded; upgraded; upgrading Forms: plural: upholsteries –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– upon upwards prep on; atop adv to a higher level; more than; higher than –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– urban urbanize adj pertaining to a city; municipal v to make into a city Forms: urbanized; urbanized; urbanizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– urgent use adj pressing; compelling; immediate; prompt n function; utilization; benefit; advantage; consumption Forms: plural: uses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– use useful v to practice; to employ; to exploit; to treat; to consume adj functional; practical; applicable Forms: used; used; using –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– useless usual adj not functional; not practical adj common; regular; ordinary –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– usually utilization adv commonly; generally; regularly n the proportion of available time that an item of equipment is operating Forms: plural: utilizations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– utilize v to put to practical use; to take advantage of Forms: utilized; utilized; utilizing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 215 V 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words vacancy vacant n emptiness; available position; job opening adj empty; unfilled; unoccupied; lacking expression Forms: plural: vacancies –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vacation vacation n holiday v to go on holiday Forms: plural: vacations Forms: vacationed; vacationed; vacationing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vaccinate vaccination v to render insusceptible to a disease by inoculating n act or instance of rendering insusceptible to disease by inoculating Forms: vaccinated; vaccinated; vaccinating Forms: plural: vaccinations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vacillate valid v to fluctuate; to hesitate; to waver adj legitimate; legally acceptable; not expired; logical; well-founded Forms: vacillated; vacillated; vacillating –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– validate valuable v to confirm; to sanction; to legalize n something of great worth Forms: validated; validated; validating Forms: plural: valuables –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– valuable value adj of great worth; costly; cherished; dear; important n monetary or material worth; importance; merit Forms: plural: values –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– value van v to esteem; to cherish; to assess; to estimate n large closed vehicle used for transporting goods or people Forms: valued; valued; valuing Forms: plural: vans –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– variation variety n degree of diversity; change; modified version; deviation n assortment; kind; sort Forms: plural: variations Forms: plural: varieties –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 216 V 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words various vary adj assorted; different; individual; several v to alter; to change; to fluctuate Forms: varied; varied; varying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vast vat adj large; enormous; huge n large container; tank; tub Forms: plural: vats –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vegetable vegetarian n plant; edible fruit of a plant n one who does not eat meat; herbivore Forms: plural: vegetables Forms: plural: vegetarians –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vehicle veil n means of transport (car, bus, etc.); instrument; means; n netting attached to a woman's hat medium Forms: plural: vehicles Forms: plural: veils –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– veil vending machine v to cover; to hide n automated device used for selling items Forms: veiled; veiled; veiling Forms: plural: vending machines –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vendor venture n salesman; supplier; automatic machine for selling n an undertaking that is dangerous, daring, or of goods uncertain outcome Forms: plural: vendors Forms: plural: ventures –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– venture veracity v to take a risk in order to achieve a goal n truthfulness; something that is a truth Forms: ventured; ventured; venturing Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– verify versatile v to confirm the truth of something adj fulfilling many functions; multi-purpose; skilled to many things Forms: verified; verified; verifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 217 V 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words version vessel n particular form of something; variant; rendering; n large craft made for navigation on water; boat; ship; translation container Forms: plural: versions Forms: plural: vessels –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– viable victim adj capable of living; having a reasonable chance of n person who falls prey (to an attack, deception, etc.) succeeding; practical Forms: plural: victims –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– viewpoint vilify n attitude; stance; opinion v to slander; to defame Forms: plural: viewpoints Forms: vilified; vilified; vilifying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– violation virtual n transgression; desecration; attack or disruption; rape adj imaginary; hypothetical; computer simulated Forms: plural: violations –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– virtual visibility n computerized representation of an actual object n quality of being clearly seen Forms: no plural Forms: plural: visibilities –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– visible visit adj in view; observable; obvious; apparent n temporary stay somewhere; instance of spending time with a person or group of people; inspection Forms: plural: visits –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– visit visitor v to stay somewhere temporarily; to make an official n guest; migrating bird inspection Forms: visited; visited; visiting Forms: plural: visitors –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– vital vivid adj lively; vigorous; crucial; critical; necessary adj lively; bright; dazzling; clear; graphic –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 218 V 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words vocabulary voice n lexicon; list of words and their definitions in n sound produced in the throat; expression; language alphabetical order Forms: plural: vocabularies Forms: plural: voices –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– voice volunteer v to raise an opinion; to adjust the tone of n one who offers his services of his own free will or without pay Forms: voiced; voiced; voicing Forms: plural: volunteers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– volunteer voucher v to offer to or give something for free; to propose n certificate that bears monetary value; coupon; receipt; authorizer; endorser Forms: volunteered; volunteered; volunteering Forms: plural: vouchers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– voyage voyage n trip; journey; travel; cruise v to take a cruise; to travel; to make a journey Forms: plural: voyages Forms: voyaged; voyaged; voyaging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 219 W 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words wait wait n staying where one is; expectation; ambush v to be ready or available; to work as an attendant; to postpone Forms: plural: waits Forms: waited; waited; waiting –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– waiter waitress n one who serves tables at a restaurant or pub n woman who serves tables in a restaurant or pub Forms: plural: waiters Forms: plural: waitresses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wallet wallpaper n small purse used to carry money and personal n picture or design used as a background for the other documents; billfold; handbag images in a graphical user interface Forms: plural: wallets Forms: plural: wallpapers –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– warehouse warehouse n depot; wholesale store; large retail store v to store in a large building Forms: plural: warehouses Forms: warehoused; warehoused; warehousing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– warning warning n caution; advice about danger; advance notice adj cautioning; giving advice about danger Forms: plural: warnings –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– warranty waste n guarantee; authority; justification n misuse; loss; rubbish; garbage; sewage Forms: plural: warranties Forms: plural: wastes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– waste watch adj leftover; unused; desolate; desert; destroyed n small clock that is usually worn on the wrist; guarding; observation Forms: plural: watches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– watch waver v to see; to look; to pay attention; to supervise v to sway; to oscillate; to vacillate; to fluctuate Forms: watched; watched; watching Forms: wavered; wavered; wavering –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 220 W 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words weak weakness adj frail; feeble; faint; dilute; watery n drawback; disadvantage; defect; foible Forms: plural: weaknesses –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wealth weapon n richness; prosperity; capital; fortune; abundance n instrument for use in attack or defense in combat Forms: no plural Forms: plural: weapons –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– weigh weight v to consider; to be of a particular heaviness; to burden n heaviness; unit of mass; pressure; importance; influence Forms: weighed; weighed; weighing Forms: plural: weights –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– weight whereas v to load; to oppress; to burden; to regard; to esteem n this being the case; since (used in formal documents) Forms: weighted; weighted; weighting Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– whereas whether conj since; inasmuch as; while; while on the contrary conj if –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– whole whole n totality; completeness; entirety adj complete; full; entire; healthy Forms: plural: wholes –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– widespread width adj common; popular; extensive; prevalent n breadth; thickness Forms: plural: widths –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– will will n last testament listing inheritors of a dying person's v to want; to command; to determine; to decide property Forms: plural: wills Forms: willed; willed; willing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– willingness wire n readiness; agreeableness n cord; line; string; telegraph cable Forms: no plural Forms: plural: wires –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 221 W 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words wire withdraw adj made of a thin flexible cord of metal v to take money from the bank; to retire; to remove Forms: withdrew; withdrawn; withdrawing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– within withstand prep during v to bear; to endure Forms: withstood; withstood; withstanding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– witness witness n testifier; onlooker; bystander; testimony v to look on; to see; to observe; to testify; to vouch for Forms: plural: witnesses Forms: witnessed; witnessed; witnessing –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wool work n fleece from some animals; frizzy hair n labor; task; profession; occupation; vocation; effort Forms: plural: wools Forms: plural: works –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– work workshop v to labor; to act; to operate; to activate; to process n seminar; brief intensive educational program; discussion group Forms: worked; worked; working Forms: plural: workshops –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– worry worry n concern; fear; misfortune; distress v to be concerned; to harass; to advance through great effort Forms: plural: worries Forms: worried; worried; worrying –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– would wrench v helping verb for use in a question; request or n violent twist; violent ripping; tool for gripping or turning expression of desire bolts Forms: modal verb Forms: plural: wrenches –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wrench write off v to pull by force; to twist; to cut off; to distort; to pervert v to disregard an outstanding debt (as of a customer) Forms: wrenched; wrenched; wrenching Forms: wrote off; written off; writing off –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 222 W 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words wrong wrong n injustice; evil; bad; broken law; transgression v to cause suffering to; to behave unjustly toward Forms: plural: wrongs Forms: wronged; wronged; wronging –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– wry adj distorted; crooked; twisted; askew –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 223 Y 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words yearly yearly adj occurring once within 12 months adv annually –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– yet yet adv still; already; but; in spite of; although conj but; in spite of; despite –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– yield yield n harvest; return; produce; income; profit v to produce; to supply; to bear (profit, harvest, fruit, etc.) Forms: plural: yields Forms: yielded; yielded; yielding –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 224 Z 3420 TOEIC Vocabulary Words ZIP n extension of an archived file compressed with a special program; type of drive using removable disks Forms: no plural –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 225