CHUONG TRlNH "CAI CACH" CHfNH TRI VA "CAI CACH' Bd MAY CHfNH QUYiN CUA PIERRE PASQUIER Of V l U NAM TRONG NHONG N A M D A U THAP N I I N 30, V/H KY XX TATHITHtJY' 2a bai vigt trUdc, chiing t6i da di cfiip \Jd^n sxi thay ddi chinli s&ch thupe dia va nhiing npi dung cd ban ciia chfnh sach thupe dia "mdi" mk Piprre Pasquier da hoaeh dinh eho Ddng DUdng noi ehung, Vipt Nam n6i riing thong qua mpt "ChUdng tnnh cai caeh" to 16n nhu da bigt, di doi ph6 v6i cupc kfaiing hoang \i kinh tl? v^ eupe "khiing hoang thupe dia" diiu nhiing nam 30 Trong hki vilSt n&y, ehiing I6i se trinh bay vi vipc triln khai tren thUc t^ ehfnh sach thupe dia hay la ehUdng trinh "eai each" tren eac linh viie chfnh trj vk bp may chfnh quy^n eiia Pidrre Pasquier ngudi Phap lien bai bo lu6n eh^ bao h6 hai xii nky Ngky 6-11-1925, Ton ThSt Hfin, dai di§n Hoi dong phu chfnh kf vdi Tokn quyin Ddng DUdng Alexandre Varenne mfit Thoa xidc Theo dgy, ehfnh quyIn Phap thiia nh&n Vinh Thuy Ik Dai Nam holing di, nhung ehi nhiing 1§ dinh li§n quan din diin li, vi§e an thfch, &n xa, t&ng phong eae hftm tudc, chiie s4c mdi HolUig d l ban chi di^, cdn lai, tSit ca nhiing vifc khac vl hinh hien, tU phap, tri an nUdc, vi$c sip d&t eac cdng vu, vide lUa chon bl dung quan lai se thuoc quyin nhft nUdc bao hd Ridng d Trung K^, KhSm sii Phdp sd "bdm "Cdi cdch" chinh trf, khoi phuc bgc" vdi Hdi dong thUdng thU vl moi vi§e dd Vi$e b l dung vk bai miin thxitfng thxi Ik ch^ dp Bdo hd Theo tinh thSn Hipp xidc 6-6-1884, Nam quyIn Hoftng d l nhitng phai hoi f kiln K^ \k xii thupe dia, vipe quan If dUpc thiie Khim sii vk phai dUdc Tokn quyIn Ddng hipn theo phiidng phap trUc trj, hai xiji eon DUdng thdng qua Thoa Udc nky cdn cho lai (Bie K^ vk Trung K^) 1ft hai xii bao ho sap nh&p ngan sach Nam trilu vko Ngdn Vi danh nghla, hai xit bao h6 nky "nhd sach Trung K;^ eua ehfnh quyIn thu^c dia vua vdn cdn co quyen viic qudn tri vk quy dinh cac eu^c hop eua H$i dong ddt nUdc", bPn e ^ h ehfnh quyIn thi^e dan ThUdng thu phai Kham sii Trung K;^ Tuy nhien, nftm 1925, vua Khai Dinh chii tri Dilu dd cd ughia \k thUc dSn Phdp ehgt, Dong cung Thai tii VTnh Thyy ke vi da nim moi quyIn liic eiia Nam trilu ciing nhitng cdn nho, lai dang du hpc bgn Ph&p, nhu xda bo hodn todn chi dq bao ho dii Id • PGS.TS Vi$n Sii hoc Rghi&i cihi Lieh siSr stf 7.2011 gia hidu vd thiic thi c h i tnic tri tren dia hat Trung Ky vd ca b Bie Kf Id xii tvi 1897, sau bai chute Kinh lUdc cua Trilu (finh Hul, tren thiie te da Id xii tnic trj gin giong vdi Nam K;^ Trilu dinh H u l thiic sii ehi cdn Id hii nhin ehfnh quyIn thiic ddn tra lUdng thi quylt tam thay dii chinh saeh thude dia (cdn gpi Id ehiln liidc thupe dia) (3), trd lai vdi c h i dd bao hO, tao sii cdu kit chdt che giiia hai the liic thiie dan vd phong kiln ciia vidn todn quyin ndy cdng manh me hdn Ndm 1929, Pidrre Pasquier b i t diu khdi ddng vi§c "cdi cdch quan tntbn^ di phuc hoat CO may hoen ri dd Nghi dinh toan quyin 20-2-1929 nhic Ifd quyin eiia cdc quan diu tinh Nam trilu vide quan ly ddt dai, dUdi sii kilm soat eiia Cdng sii T h i nhiing, vdi eon mdt eiia mpt ehfnh tri gia ldi ddi cd b l ddy "kinh nghiem" ciia 30 ndm "nam vung" d Ddng DUdng c^ng vdi vide "tham khdo" nhiing kinh nghidm ciia La Ma vide cai tri bing chfnh sach "bdo hp" ddi vdi chau Au trUde day (1), Pidrre Pasquier sii dung gidi "thitOng Pidrre Pasquier eho ring vide bai bd e h i ittu tri thdc" di tuyen truyin eho chfnh bao ho Id khdng "on' ddi vdi "mpt ddn tpc co sdeh ciia nunh Thdng vd 6-1930, tren td truyin thdng qudn chi", diia tren nin tang France • Indochine, Ph^m Quynh cho ddng tu tudng Nho giao Mpt s l nhan vdt lidn tuc ba bdi ludn thuylt vl ehi dp Qudn gidi thiic dan Ddng DUdng ciing eung quan chu Ldp hien d Vi$t Nam, thiic hidn trd lai dilm ndy Doutre mdt ludt sU, phan doi Hidp Udc 1884 Trdn Nam Pfwng, Pham gay git chfnh sach dong hda, tidu dipt Qu^nh cung viit nhilu bdi yeu elu siia doi quyIn binh ciia vua quan ban xii, vi theo t h i che chfnh tri d Ddng DUdng, iing hd ehi dng ta: dp "bdo fid chat che" vk xdy diing chfnh thi "MuSh cai tri hiiu nghiim xd ndy phdi Qudn chii Ldp hiln dl" tfiod thudn cdi tU ldm cho ddn chung co tudng Id fig cdn co tudng quoc gia cua ngUdi Annam" (4) Nam mpt dug vua Tdt cd nhiing gi vua md Phong s l 154 (9-1930) ddng nguydn ca bdi se dUde chdp nh&n mpt each kinh cdn diin thuylt eiia Pidrre Pasquier: LuScft; thudt tinh hinh Ddng DUOng vd tuyin bd Tdt cd nhiing gi chung ta se chi ldm cho cdi cdch tfidcfiichinh tri, dd ed doan: ngUdi bdn xdphdi chiu diing mpt cdch ngd "Phdi khdi phuc lgi quyin quan trUdng vUc Co nhu the, mpt ngdy neu cdn khdi phuc lgi nin nip cua nUdc Nam Nudc phdi chi^n ddu cho ta, hg se chien ddu vi co tudng Id chi bdo vi 6ng vua ciia hg Doi Nam dd cd cdi lich sUt qudn chu bdy Idu, vdi quan lgi cung vdy, chung ta phdi tdn kfidng tfii id nUdc khdng qudn chi trgng dii lgi dung hg vi fig Id dgi diin ciia dugc Dti ddt vdi ngUdi Annam da cd tU tUdng mdi, ngdi qude tnidng vdn pfidi Id mpt nhd vua " (2) ddng dgc biit dindt doi phung thd qua: td, Theo tinh thin ndy, Pidrre Pasquier da tiiu biiu cho quoc hon vd doi vdi thdn ddn sdm chuin bi cho vi^c "phuc c&\ khdi phue nhu cfia me ddi vdi cdi vdy" (5) trilu ^ n h phong kien vdi ea ngdi vua vd bd Khi bilt Reynaud sip tdi Hd N$i, ngdy mdy quan lai Nam trilu da bi Thoa Udc 1925 bai bo Vd, Ddng DUdng rdi vdo 11-12-1931, Pham Qu^nh ndi ro ehu tnidng tinh trang khiing hoang sau rpng v l kinh ciia gidi tri thiic Bic K;^ Id se: t l ciing nhii cudc d&a tranh eiia nhdn " khdng trinh bdy nhihig chi tiit md ddn Vidt Nam d i n trd thdnli mdt eao trdo niu nhiing thinh cdu diiu cdt yiu di nfidt Chuong Irtnh "cii ebdf chhih tri Id xin cho nUdc Nam mdt cdi chinh ihi tdng thdng dUOc vi Pfidp khdng cho phep' phAn minh, ngo tidu ctto ngUdi Nam dugc vk nlu nhu ldp tong thong thi "Tong thdng c6 mdt cdi tdqudc dimd thd, khdng din nSi kfidng Imng vua vi Id vua thi tdp, ddi ddi fti phdi ldm mdt ngUdi ddn kfidng nUdc" (6) nghiip, coi vdn minh nUdc nhd Id vdn Thang 6-1932, trdn Nam Pfwng so 173, minh cda minh, vdn minh cda cd nhd, cd Pham Qu^nh cdn viit cu thi hdn vl v i ^ fig minh, ddi vdi ntidc vdn cd mpt cdi tinh "cdi cdch" chfnh tri theo thi chi Qudn chii nghia thiit tha thdm trdm hOn" Rli Pham Qu^nh da kfch ehii nghia ddn chii Id "quay ldp hiln vdi cdc dilm sau: cuong xudn ddn^ Id "ddi chu ng Idy chu "1 Xin vdi Bdo fid trao trd lgi quyin ndi kia" tri cho qude vUdng tfieo ddng nguyin tdc Thi roi cudc "cdi cdch", dUde khdi ddng diiu Udc Pfidp - Nam ndm Kiin Phuc ttt thdng 9-1930, ehinh thiie bit dIu vd Bao nguyin nUn 6-6-1884, nghia id xin thi fiAnh dUng chinh sdeh "bdo hd" md bo fian Dai trd thdnh eon bdi tay ehfnh phu thude dia "ChUdng trinh cdi cdch" ly chinh sach trUc tri nhU td trUdc din Gin nhu mpi "cdi cdch" ciia Pidrre Xin vdi qu6c vUOng ban fidnh mdt dgo Pasquier diu thdng qua vi vua bii nhin ndy hiin pfidp cho qudi: ddn nghia id dinh cdi vd dng ta diing chi Id tay sai eiia ngUdi chuong trinh cdi cdch chinh tri gidi Phdp vide ddn dp phong trdo ddn tdc fign diiu Udc Bdo hp Bdo hd trd cdi quyin vd khie phuc khung hoang fign cho Qude vUOng, Qude vUOng nhUdng Ngdy 16-8-1932, Bao D^i Idn dudng vl mdt phdn quyin dd cho quoc ddn md dgt nude Ngdy 10-9-1932, Bao Dai D^o du mgt bin id ndi cdc trdch nhiim, mdt bin cd so tuydn bl chip chfnh, hiiy bo ban Thda nghi viin gidm sdt Udc 6-11-1925, khing djnh quyin liic eua Cdi cdch nhu vdy bdo todn dUOc quyin nhd vua vd trilu cfinh nhd Nguyin, ding lgi ciia Bdo fid, qudi: vUOng, qude ddn trin thdi tuyen bo eai each trilu chfnh trdn mpi cd phUdng diin: Vi tinh thdn: nUdc Nam m$t: quan tnidng, hdnh ehfnh, phap ludt, vdn id nUdc Nam Vixd fipi: nUdc Vi^t Nam gido dijc Dil dn vl Chfnh phu Nam trilu id nudc gia tnidng, qudn chd chuyin chi, mdi, tiie Cd m^t vi§n da dUpc Khdm sit ddi sang Qudn chu lap hiin tri Trung K^ dUa vdo thdng 10-1932 vd nguyin tdc ldp qude vd trdt tU xd fidi, qudn dUdc Bao Dai phd chuIn vdo thang 1-1933 ddn cdng tri ldm cho ddn dUOc tham gia Theo dd, Hodng dl dUpc eoi Id ngUdi hpp vdo viic nUdc, xd fipi diiu hod Vi chinh tri: phdp nhdt dai difn cho dd't nUdc, vdi cd hiin pfuip pfidn minh se co chd di su! chi mdt dilu kidn Id chip nhdn si^ kilm sodt ciia d?d di§n eiia Phdp vd thay eho vai dung nhdn tdi" Thdng 8-1932, trdn Nam Phong s l 175, trd "tri vi" tnide ddy, nhd vua dUdc Pham i^ufnh cdn diia ca m^t ding 1^ si^ khodc eho mpt vai trd mang tfnh chit mi dl bdnh vi^c "chu nghla tdn qudn" ciia ddn Id "dUu khiin ddt nUdc" Cdn d Bic K^, trudc Hdi ding Ddn bilu Bic K^ 9-11-1932, ndnh, ndo Id "qude ddn ta trinh dp thdp Thing sii Bic K;^ Pages trinh bdy ehUdng nin nudc ta vdn cdn tdi qUdn chd" ; ring trinh "cdt cdch chinh tri dBac Ky", dd "Cuong thudng id dgo ddc ludn ly ngdn ddi khing dinh "cdi cdch" Id ldp lai ehi dd bao ciia ddn tdc, khdng thi bo dUOc, bo thi xd hO ch?it ehe d ddy: hdi tan rd" ; nhiing ciing "khdng thi ldp Sghito clhi Ljeh sJr stf 7.2011 trilu dinh H u l vd bd may quan lai Nam trilu, von chi quen vdi vai trd bii nhin vd dp bfle, bde lot nhdn ddn, dudng nhU khdng cdn dii sinh liie vd uy liic de giiip chfnh quyin thiic dan v i ^ cai trj vd khai thdc thude dja nfla Vi dilu dd, ciing vdi vide "cdi cdch" v l chfnh trj d trdn, Pidrre Pasquier da thiie dly nhanh vipc Vd nhu vdy, cho din Bao Dai v l "cdi t^' bd mdy chfnh quyin theo hUdng kit nUde, vife "cdi cdch" vl t h i c h i chfnh tri hdp gifla cung cl' bd mdy chfnh quyIn ciia eiia Pidrre Pasquier da edn ban hodn chfnh quyIn thiic ddn vdi vide "phuc hoat" thdnh Chi dp tnic tri nvta ehtCng trUde ddy bd may quan lai ban xfl d l ldm cho ca bd da dUde thay t h i bing chi dd "bdo hd", mdy ehfnh quyin thiie ddn phong kiln nham "dUng ngUdi Viit tri ngi/di Viif di dd Vidt Nam dii "manh", du "ran", du "khC^ eho Phdp phai ddi dIu tnic didn vdi phong ngoan" di ching phd phong trdo cdch trdo ddu tranh eiia nhdn dan Vi^t Nam, mang, In djnh trdt tii xa hdi thude dja, eung tranh dUdc mde cam bi "mdt niidc", giup Phdp thodt khdi khiing hoang "kfidng cd vua" vk thda man "cdn khat ddc Vide "cdi t&' bd mdy dUde b i t diu lap" ciia gidi "dg,i thiidng liiu - tri thdc" ban tfl diu 1930, tfle Id trudc "ChUdng trinh xii liic bdy gid cdi cdch" ciia Pidrre Pasquier chfnh thfle dfldc chfnh quIc chip thudn "Cdi cdch" b$ may ehinh q u y i n D& vdi bd mdy hdnh chfnh ciia Phdp d a B$ mdy h a n h chinh thu^c dja thi vide eiing eo, to chflc lai gin Sau chid'n tranh t h i gidi Iln I, dl phue nhu da dfldc hoan td't d giai doan trUdc ndn VU cudc d ^ khai thdc thude dia lin thii hai, ehfnh phii Phdp da tiln hdnh ciing c l mdt Iln ndy vi$c "cdi cdch" chi Id tilp tuc kidn lin niia bp mdy chfnh quyin thu^c dja, nhU todn t l chflc hay siia doi mdt chiit v l chfle da dUde trinh bdy cuIn Lich svC Viit ndng, nhiem vu ciia cdc bd phdn ciia nd cho Nam Tdp VIII 1919-1930 (8) Tuy nhidn, phu hdp vdi hodn canh mdi Dl thfle hidn cd nhflng "biin cd* diin tfl cuH vide ndy, ngdy 13-1-1930, Pidrre Pasquier nhiing ndm 20 diu nhflng ndm 30 t h i ky nghj djnh ldp mdt "Uy ban nghiin ciJdi XX d Vidt Nani, b§ mdy ehfnh quyin, dUdc cdi cdch cdc phUdng pfidp diiu khiin cung c l theo tU tudng ciia hdi Tam Dilm cae cd quan fidnh chinh cdp liin bang di Phdp vd vdn hdnh hodn eanh tUdng hiin dai hod vd sit dung nhdn sU cho cd dli "hba binh" vk n h i t Id m^t c h i d^ ndng sudt cao nhdt" vdi mdt ehii tjch Id gin nhu tn^c tri ding nhdt tren ca ba xii Ting thu k^ Phii Todn quyin vd ede thdnh cua Vidt Nam da bj eoi Id khdng miy cdn vidn Id Gidm die Tdi chfnh, Tong tra "phd hop" nfla Bdi vi, bd mdy Cdng chfnh, Tong tra Cdng nghidp ddn dp vd tU phdp ciia chfnh quyin thude vd Md, Gidm die Nhdn sfl (9) Trong nhflng dja khdng dii siie gidng trdn m$t Idnh thdng diu 1930, Pidrre Pasquier m^t tho r^ng Idn ciia ca ba 1^ dl kilm sodt, losit nghj djnh quy djnh lai chflc ndng, gidm sat vd phan flng nhanh tnide phong quyin han ciia Nha kinh t l thu§c Phu trdo ddu tranh ciia nhdn ddn Vi$t Nam thi Todn quyin (14-2-1930) cung nhfl ciia 'Yi chinh thi 6do fid, tdi cdng nhiin tuyin bd chinh Id cdi quan niim rdt thiit tha cda tdi di md chd tri viic giao Uf cua nitdc Pfidp vdi ntidn ddn Bde Ky vdy Cdi chinh thi dy vdn Id cua La Md di truyin cho nUdc Pfidp xUa, Id gom co sU khoan dung sii bdo tdn cdi tuc 1$ vd sU thUc hdnh mot chinh sach cd ldi cho cd ddi bin" (7) Chuong Mnh "cii cAch" chfnh M Gidm diic Tdi cWnh Ddng Dfldng (20-31930) Nam Ky, theo dl nghj eiia Todn quyin Ddng Dfldng, 19-8-1930, Tong thing Mue dfch chfnh cua vi$e "cdi cdch" bd Phdp Sle l$nh t l chflc Hdi dong k^ muc mdy chfnh quyin ciia Pidrre Pasquier Iln hdng linh d xfl ndy (13) Cung nhfl vdy, ndy Id tdp trung "viic day" bd mdy quan lai Nghj djnh ngdy 21-11-1930, sfla doi mdt so dilu khoan cua Nghj djnh ngdy 19-3-1913 ngfldi Vidt vd chinh phii Nam trilu lien quan din Hdi ding k^ muc hang tinh d Bic K^, ngdy 7-4-1930, Thing sfl Bie K^ (14) Robin nghj djnh thi hdnh Nghj djnh Sau chuyin tiu sat Ddng Dfldng ciia Todn quyin ngdy 3-3-1930 dl chd'n ehinh Rejmaud, vide "cdi cdch cfiidd quan Paul lai Vi$n Ddn bilu Bic K;^ (10), vdi ndi dung Id tdng thdm quyin h§ui cho Thing sfl ddi trudng" dflde thiic dly manh me, theo vdi ed quan ddn bilu ndy vd tdng them s l phUdng cham "cdy gdy vd cu cd rdC (15), thdnh vidn ngfldi Vidt cd ciu eiia nd tfle Id vfla de doa, quy trdch nhidm vfla ban Theo dd, ben eanh so dai bilu dfldc biu ra, phdt mdt vdi quyIn ldi vdt chit vd tinh cdn cfl dl nghj eiia Cdng sfl vd Doe ly cdc thin tinh, Thong sfl cd quyin chi djnh them mdt VI "cdy gdy thi nhfl dd bilt, ehfnh phii so thdnh vidn bing 1/4 tong s l nghj vien Phdp khdng muon cho ldp mdt Uy ban Vidn; nliidm 1^ ciia Vien tfl ndm diiu tra thude dia ciia Nghj vidn Phdp tdng Idn ndm; sdp nhdp hai vi$n ddn bilu nhiing lai eho l^p mdt phdi dodn ddc bidt Tdy - Nam "di cho cdc nghi viin Nam co Morche (Chii tjch Tda thfldng thim Hd dip hgc hoi cdc nghi viin Tdy" Ndi dflng diu) vd thdnh vidn Id nhflng vien Dl khdi phiic quyin Ixfc vk "danh gid" chflc cao d p Phdp - Vift, ching c^ng quylt cho bO mdy quan lai Nam trilu Thing sfl Udt nhfl: Perrout (dai di^n Dai hdi ding Bic Kj^ Nghj djnh ngdy 3-7-1930 (11), Kinh t l vd Tdi ehfnh); Thiiu tfldng Bonnet; siia dli Nghj djnh ngdy 25-6-1922 vl quy Tdn Thd't Hdn (cflu Ting ddc); Dupuy, ehi tuyln dung quan lai d p tong ly Theo (Thanh tra cdc cd quan chhih trj); Dioque, nghj djnh ngdy 25-6-1922, Tong ly Id (kilm soat vidn cde ed quan Canh sdt vd An ddn biu, dflpc sfla lai Id chfnh phii ninh) Uy ban ndy dfldc thdnh ldp vdi muc Nam trilu bo dicing, hinh thfle biu ehi Id dfch Id vfla dl tim "thu pham", tfle nhflng ngfldi cdng san vfla dl dilu tra dli ngoai Id Thdm nfla, cdc ting 1;^ ndy ldm vdi chfnh cde quan lai Nam trilu, tfl Ting vifc m^t thdi han nhd't djnh md die trd xuong, de xdt xem hdng ngu ndy ed khdng bj chd trdch se dflpc thdng thfldng bilt tdi "thiic ti cdng sdn" hay khdng, cd phim hdm hodn thdnh trdch nhidm Iflc "'rdi Cdc Hdi ding K;^ mue hdng tinh (Conseil loan" khdng, ed kilm tra ddn die cdc thude provincial des Notables indigdnes) trdn h^L vk cd gifl mil Udn h$ vdi Cdng sfl hay phfim vi ca ba 1^ eiing dflpc thdnh ldp lai khdng vd t l chflc 1^ Ngdy 1-8-1930, Todn quyin VI "ci cd rdf, Phii todn quyin tim cdch Ddng Dfldng phe chuin nghj djnh cua Khdm sfl Trung K^ t l chfle d moi tinh phue hoi vd ldm tdng quyin Iflc eho cdc Trung K^ m$t H^i ding k^ m^c ban xfl (trfl quan chfle ngfldi Vi$t vd bd mdy ehfnh Ding Nai thfl^ig vd Kontum, theo chi dO quyin tfl linh tdi cdc ldng xa vd ban phdt ddnh ridng cho cdc tinh eao nguyen) (12) d them quyin ldi vdt chit eho ddi ngu ndy Rghi&n cihi Lich siSr stf 7.2011 d p xfl, tfl 1929, di md rdng quyin hdnh chfnh trj eho cdc Tong doc, Tuin phii Thing sfl Bic K;^ cho phdp: "cdc quan fidnh chinh cd quyin dUOc phi vdo ly lich vd xet dodn thdi dp da cdc viin chdc cdc sd ldm viic hdng iinh" (16) Thdng 10-1930, Thing sfl Bie K;^ quylt djnh tdng Ifldng cho vidn chflc cdng sd vd tdng Ifldng cho Ifnh kho xanh "do cd cdng vdi nfid niidc vu biin ddng vda roi" (tfle Id ddn dp phong trdo each mang TTT', moi ndm tin ngdt van dong cua ngdn sdeh (17) Cflng luc Thing sfl Bic K;^ cung dfla Id trinh tdng Ifldng cho cde chflc quan bd mdy ehfnh phii Nam trilu, vdi khoan tiln ting cdng 40 van dong dfldc trich tfl ngdn sdeh d p xfl K l hoach Id tfl 1932, se bdt diu tdng eho ngach dfldi, roi sau se tdng eho cdc bde quan phii huydn, sau din Ting die, Tuin phii Thdng 1-1932 (18), Todn quyin nghj djnh bl sung Nghj djnh ngdy 20-9-1929 vl vide tdng Ifldng eho nha lai tfl ngdy 1-11931 Theo dly, thdng phdn tfl h^ng nhit tdi hang dflde tdng Iln Iflpt: 120%, 125% vd 130% vd thfla phdi tfl hang nhit din hang ndm dflde tdng khoang tfl 130% din 140% Ching han: thdng phdn hang nhit dflde tdng tfl 840 dong len 1.080 ding, thfla phdi hang nhit tfl 480 ding Idn 638 ding Thdng 4-1932 (19), Hdrre Pasquier nghj djnh gia them mdt ngach Ifldng mdi ngach Thdng phdn thfldng hang eho nha lai Nam trilu Theo dly, thdng phdn ngoai hang: 1.440 dong; hang nhd't: 1.320 dong; h ^ g nhi: 1.200 ding Cde loai thdng phdn vd thfla phdi khac vin gifl nguydn nhfl quy djnh cua Nghi djnh ngdy 1-1-1931 Thdng 11T1932 (20), Pidrre Pasquier ban hdnh nghj djnh khde djnh lai Ifldng cho cde vidn chflc "Annam" tdng axf t ^ cde cdng sd Ddng Phdp, vdi 34 hang vien chflc, gom tham td (9 bde, tfl tham td tdp sfl 600 ding tdi tham ta thfldng ngoai h ^ g 2.100 ding), thfl k^ (14 bde, tfl thfl ky tdp sfl 300 ding tdi thfl k^ thfldng ngoai hang 1.540 ding), tfly phdi bde, tfl tfly phdi tdp sfl 180 ding tdi chanh tfly phdi hang n h i t 492 ding ) K l hoach tdng Ifldng gdp khd khdn ngdn sdeh bj thdm hut, song dd da Id "ci cd rdt" dH vdi gidi chflc ban xfl roi Dli vdi Trung K;^, diu ndm 1930, Pidrre Pasquier phe chuin Nghj djnh eiia Khdm sfl Trung K^ (21) ldp d moi tinh (trfl Ding Nai thfldng vd Kontum) mdt Hpi dong ly djch ban xfl hdng tinh Pierre Pasquier cung cho phdp Le Fol dfla dfl an v l chfnh phu Nam trilu mdi (tfle Cd mdt vi$n) Vd nhfl da bilt, vua Bao Dai vl nflde, dfl dn ndy da dfldc thdng qua, vife "cdi td' bd mdy ehfnh phu Nam trilu, nhd tay vj tdn hodng d l ndy dfldc dly Idn mdt bflde vd nhanh chdng dflde hodn ehinh cae ndm 1932-1933 Mdt loat dao du da dfldc ban hdnh d l trien khai vide "cdi td' Ngdy 25-11-1932, vua Bao Dai du ldp Ngfl Ty vdn phdng, giup vide eho vua, gom eac ty, cde phdng vd ngfldi dflng diu Id: Ty djeh sdeh (Trln Dflc Cdp); Ty Khao duy^t (Hu^nh Yen); Phdng Bf thfl GSIguyin Khoa Phong); Ty Giao thidp vd K l todn (Nguyin Dd); Ty Cin tfn (Hodng Trung Dd) Ngdy 23-1933, Bao Dai du 29, eai to bd may diu nao Nam trieu, thay doi mpt cdch cd ban nhdn sfl vd to chflc eua bd mdy dd Theo dly, chflc Vidn trfldng Cd mdt vipn bj bai bd vd rut xuong ehi edn bd vdi cde thfldng thfl diu cd tdn danh sdeh cac "thUpng luu tri thdc" ban xfl: Thai Vdn Toan, Hidp ta dai hpc, Thfldng thfl Bd Cdng tae My thudt vd Li nghi; Pham Qu^nh, chu bdo Nam phong, Thfldng thfl Bd Gido due, kidm ngfl tiln vdn phdng Ting 1^ dai thin; Ho Die Khai, Ting die Binh Djnh, Thflpng thfl [ hteh "cii cAch" chfnh hi., B§ Tdi chfnh, ciiu t l xd h^i; Ngd Dinh Dif m, Tuin phii Binh Thudn, Thfldng thfl Bd Tfl phdp Nhidm k^ eiia thfldng thfl Id pdm Liln ngay, cflng dao du 29, Bao Dai eho thdnh ldp Hpi ddng cdi cdch (commission de rdformes) eung vdi thdnh phin Id nhflng vj thfldng thfl trdn Ngd Dinh Di^m ldm ehii tjch, dflpc ddt dfldi sfl ehii toa ciia Khdm sfl Trung K;^ Cde ed quan dai bifn eua Phdp dflde ddt bdn eanh cde bd eua Nam trilu theo Thda flde ngdy 6-11-1925 dd bj Dao du ndy tuydn bibai bo nhflng lai thay bing cdc "cd vdn ky thudt" Khdm sfl chi dinh dl "giup diiu hdnh bd mdy chinh quyin Nam triiu" Ngdy 26-5 vd 17-6-1933, Hdi dong Cd mdt vd Hdi ding eai cdch hpp cdc phidn diu tidn dfldi sfl chu tpa eua Khdm sfl Thibeaudau, vdi sfl tham dfl cua Pham Qu^nh Ndi dung ciia cae phidn hpp ndy Id bdn vl dfl dn cai cdch vd chuin bj hdng loat vdn ban dl thfle hi$n "eai cdch" vd "chdn chinh" hoat ddng eua bd mdy ehfnh phii Nam trilu Tilp tue "cdi cdch", ngdy 3-7-1933, vua Bao Dai Dao du so 44 ban hdnh "Quan viin quy trinh" quy djnh vl h§ thing chfle danh, phim hdm, nhiing quy cdch b l dung quan lai Nam trilu d Trung K^, tfl d p tinh trd xulng Theo dly, quan lai tfl tinh trd xuing dfldc sip xIp lai theo cde d p phii, huy§n, dao, chdu Mdt khde, dl khdi phue "danh gid" eho quan lai, theo Dao du 44, flng vdi moi chflc quan se Id mdt phim hdm, ngflpe lai, iing vdi moi phim hdm Id mOt chflc quan Vi§e tuyln ehpn quan lai se diin diu d$n hdng ndm, theo ty 1^: 2/5 tfl sihpc sinh ti't nghidp QuIc tii gidm; 2/5 tfl sihpe sinh ti't nghidp Cao ding tilu hpe Phdp - Vidt qua k^ thi tuyln chfl Hdn theo chfldng trinh Bp Lai d'n djnh vd Khdm sfl xdt duydt; 1/5 tfl nhflng ngfldi tu tdi Nhfl vdy, Khdm sfl Trung K^ Id ngfldi quylt djnh "quan viin quy trinh", tfl dl tieu chuin, xdt duydt, bl nhidm tfl d p cao nhd't la Thfldng thfl tdi d p thip nhit Id Tdng Cflu phim, nghia Id vin gifl nguydn tinh thin Thoa flde ngdy 6-11-1925 md vua Bao Dai tuydn bo bai bd vdo ngdy 10-91932 Hdn nfla, nhflng ngfldi cd Han hpc vin dfldc trpng dung Ngdy 3-7-1933, vua Bao Dai Dao du 45 "cdi td' Vidn Dan bieu Trung K^ (22) (vin Id Vidn nhan dan dai bilu Trung K;^ toan quyin Varenne doi ten vdo 1926) dl cho kjp vdi vide "cdt td' Vidn Dan bilu Bic K;^, vdi ly la: "Trdm nhdm nhiing chdc vu giao cfio Viin ddn biiu cdn phdi md rdng tfiim vd sU dinh tu cdch ngUdi bdu ci nghi viin cing nin ddi lai, di cho ddn ta cdng ngdy cdng tham du vdo viec chung cfio trinh dp tiin hod mdi ngdy cdng phdt triin tfiim" Vdy ndn, mde du vin khdng dflde lam bdn nhflng vlii d l chfnh trj nhfl trflde ddy, nhflng ed quan ndy da dfldc cfl hai dai bieu tham gia Dai hdi dong Kinh t l vd Tdi chfnh Ddng Dfldng vd thdnh phin cfl tri di biu eung dfldc md rdng hdn, tdi ea nhflng hang thfldng dan, theo ty 1$ " cd mdi 50 dinh hay phdn le qud 20 dinh Id dUdc bdu mpt ngUdi ldm uy viin" eflng Id hang tri thfle, ea cflu hpe vd tdn hpe: tiln si, phd bang, cfl nhan, eong sinh, tu tdi vd nhflng hpc sinh cua cdc trfldng Phap vd Phdp Vidt, tfl sd hpe din cao ding tilu hpc, trung hpc vd dai hpe, dii 21 tuli Tilp theo, ngdy 4-7-1933, vua Bao D^i cdn Dao du 48 djnh thi 1$, chfldng trinh thi vdo ngach quan cho hai xfl Tnmg vd Bie K;^ Vide thi dflde Nam trilu to chflc hdng ndm d Hd Ndi vd Hul dl chpn quan phu, huy^n d Bie vd thude quan d Trung 10 K^ nhflng s l Ifldng vd danh sach thf sinh diu ngudi dflng diu cde xfl xdt duydt, chanh chu khao vide thi Id Todn quyin ehi djnh Dilu ddng chu y Id "thi sinh se dUdc chgn d bgn thUdng liiu mdi Id bgn thieu niin dd nhd dUdc niidc Phdp md rdng da cdc hgc dUdng cho", cu thi Id nhiing ngfldi cd bang tiln si, cfl nhdn, eao ding sfl pham Phdp, nhflng ngfldi cd bdng tu tdi, thdnh chung dfldc ndm, ede vidn chflc cdng sd da lam vide tfl ndm trd len, cd "hg,nh kiim tdt" Bai thi bang tiing Phdp ve Ijeh sfl vdn hda A Ddng (Trung QuIc, An Dp), ludn vl vdn minh Thdi Tdy vd mdt bdi diin thuyet ve mdt vd'n d l chfnh cua Ddng Dfldng Theo Andrd Dumarest thi "Muc dich "cdi cdch" dot vdi viic tuyin chon quan lai ndy Id nham cdch tdn ddn ddn dpi ngu quan lai di biin ho thdnh mpt giai cdp tU sdn tri thdc xiifng ddng trin mgi mat vdi vai trb lanh dao da no" (23) Thfle ra, ehfnh quyin thude dia muon Id'y long gidi "thUOng litu tri thdc" Tdy hpe, dang chip chdi gifla he thd'ng eu, tfle hd thong quan lai Nam trilu vd hd thong hdnh chfnh mdi, tfle bd may hdnh chfnh thfle ddn, ldi kdo hp khoi anh hfldng cua ea "chu nghia quoc gia kich phdt" eung nhfl eiia ehu nghia epng san Rghi6n cihi Lieh siSr s l 7.2011 Bie Ky sau Thda flde 1925 (tfle ty ban tfl vlh Bic K;^ doi thdnh Hdi ding tfl vlh Bie K^) gom uy vidn mang hdm thfldng thfl (khi vdo H u l dflde tham gia Hdi ding thfldng thfl), dd uy vidn phai Id quan lai cao d p , dang tai chflc, uy vidn dflde lfla ehpn hang quan lai tai chflc hode dd nghi hflu, hodc "cdc ban danh gid gidi ndng, cdng, thiidng tri thic" Cac uy vidn ed nhidm k^ ndm Thong sfl Bde K^ de cfl vd Nam trilu bo nhidm Cd quan ndy cd nhidm vu "bdy to y kiin vi viic cai tri bdn xi md Tfidng si yiu cdu" Thfle chd't, Hpi dong tfl vdn Bie K;^ Id cdng cu eho Thong sfl Bae K^ thiic thi chflc ndng Kinh Iflde, bj bai bd tfl 1897 vd dfldc ldp lai vdo ndm 1925 De ho trd eho vide "phuc cd', "phuc hoaf ca bd may quan lai cu rich ndy, tdng thdm 'oai quyin" vk sdn phit lai "mdu md" eho chung, Pidrre Pasquier cflng nhflng "thUdng liiu tri thic bdn xH' ehu trfldng khdi phue lai Nho gido, von tfl lau da bj tay hpc Id'n at, bj nhan dan chan ghdt Bdi muon ed dflde e h i dd "bdo hd chdt che" ein phai cd sfl "tdn trgng nghiim khdc" doi vdi quan lai, mdt sfl phue tflng vd dilu kidn eua nhdn ddn, theo tfl tfldng "trung qudn", edn quan lai thi phai thim nhuIn tinh O Bic K;^, tilp tuc nhflng "cdi cdch" ban thin Id "cdng bpc da ddn, eha me ddn" diu eiia Thong sfl Rend Robin, ngdy 8-11- ea hai gin vdi theo nhflng quy Id ngdt 1933, Toan quyin Ddng Dfldng nghj nghdo eiia Nho gido Nho gido, vi vdy da djnh chuin y Dao du ciia vua Bao Dai v l dflde "Cdch mang" hod vd trd thdnh mdt chi dp ehfnh trj d Bie K^ vd thdnh ldp Hdi cdng cu dan dp die liic dli vdi cdch mang ding CO v&n BIC K;^ Dao du nhie lai vide tay ehfnh quyin thfle ddn Cung nhfl bai bd Thda Udc ngdy 6-11-1925, tdi thfla vdy, Phdt giao tiep tuc dfldc "chdn hiing" nhdn "quyin liic" cua hodng d l Annam ddi Ben eanh dd, nhilu ''di cdch" khac vl vdn vdi Bie K;^ vd thfla nhdn cho Thong sfl hda xa hdi eflng dfldc tiln hdnh dl trd dfldc kidm gifl chflc Kinh Ifldc Bic K;^ dl giup eho vide "cdi cdch" v l ehfnh trj vd cung "Thdng sd cd thi thi hdnh chic trdch" - mdt c l bd mdy cai trj thude dja, nhfl Hdi nghi vj tri quan trpng, trflde ddy Id mdt dai nfidn viin ban Idnh dao Ddng Cdng sdn thin Nam trilu dam nhidm Dao du ciing Ddng Duong d hdi ngoai vd cdc ddng bp d thfla nhdn to chfle tfl vd'n dfldc thdnh ldp d nUdc thang 6-1934 cdn vsieh rd: Chuong frtnh "cii c^eh" ehfnh tri "Bgn di qude cfio pfiep bgn phong kiin, dia chi, iU bdn vd tri thic tii sdn chon mpt dai biiu (d Nam Ky) vdo "Hdi dong thupe dia tdi cao" d Paris Ching cho tdng sd cdc ddi biiu bdn xi cdc cO quan ddi diin dia phUOng (Hdi ddng thupe dia, Bg.i fidi dong kinh tdi Ddng Duong, Viin thUOng mai vd canh ndng), cho nhdp quoc tich Phdp, cdi td triiu dinh An Nam vd Viin ddn biiu, cfio pfiep tri thdc ldp trin trung thdnh vdi di qud'c Phdp gid nhiiCng chdc vu quan lai cao cdp O thdn qui, ching ldp cdc td chic phdn cdch mang, vi du nhU "Hdi bdo fid tU hdu", tdng cdc dpi ddn dodn (liin dodn ndng ddn), ci cdc tdng dodn, huyin dodn, xd dodn fibng mua chudc bgn dia chi phi ndng Bgn diqudc dd ddt cO quan gido due vdo tay triiu dinh An Nam, xda bo trp cdp ddt vdi cdc trUdng hgc d thdn qui, ddt trUdng hoc dudi quyin bgn hdo n\uc, ldp cdc trUdng Phdt gido d Cao Mien, vdi muc dich gido due em nhiing ngUdi nd li thdnh nhiing ngiidi bi li thude hodn todn vdo giai cdp thdng tri vd boc Ipt Todn bd chinh sdeh cdi cdch chi Id mpt phdn da chinh sdeh thupe dia chung da diqudc Phdp, nhdm thdng nfidt tdt cd cdc phdn ti boc Ipt bdn xi vd tri tdt cd tdn du phong kiin di ldm cho nhdn ddn mi mudi Bgn di qudi: chdng lai cuge ddu tranh cdch mang digii ving chi dp boc lot vd dp bic da ching dDdngDUOng" (24) Nhfl vdy, din ndm 1933, vide thay dd'i chiln lflpc thude dja vd dfldng ldi 'cdi td' bd mdy ehfnh quyin thude dja ciia Pidrre Pasquier dfldc eoi nhfl da "hodn tdt" vl ed ban: Thda flde ngdy 6-11-1925 dfldc tuydn b l bdi bo; Nam K^ dflpc dfl djnh xdy dflng thdnh mpt xd h$i dan B\$ dv(a trdn sfl "md rpn^ chi d$ biu cfl vd sfl tham gia nhilu hdn cua ngfldi "bdn xi?' vdo hd thong ehfnh 11 quyin; mdt chi dp bao hd "chdt efts', vdi ca trilu (finh H u l dflde ldp lai d Trung K;^; mdt chi dd bao hd vl danh nghia, vdi chflc Kinh lflpc Thing sfl kidm tfnh dfldc "khar^ dinh" d Bie K^ vd ea hd thing chflc djch, quan lai "bdn xif dflde chfl y "kich fiog,C trdn ca ba 1^ Cdng vide ''cdi cdch" vi chfnh trj vd "cdi cdch" bd may chfnh quyin theo eac hfldng "chia di tri', "dung ngUdi Viit tri ngiidi Viet" ndy cua Pidrre Pasquier da td "hiiu nghiim" tfle thi, nhd't Id vide ddn dp phong trdo dd'u tranh each mang 1930-1931 eua nhan dan ta ndi ehung, phong trdo Xd viet Nghd - "Hnh ndi ridng Ddy Id mdt doan mieu ta sfl edu kit gifla bd mdy dan dp cua thfle ddn Phdp vdi sfl trp giup cua bd mdy quan lai Nam trilu vipc "dep" phong trdo epng san, cdng trinh cua mdt tae gia ngfldi Phap (25): "Viic cdi cdch Viin Co mdt dd thdnh cdng viic thic ddy cdc thdnh viin da nd tiin lin vu ndi log,n dNgfii Tinh Mpt hinh thic fiOp tdc xudt hiin viic ddn dp cupc ndi loan ndy Tay tay, cdc thdnh viin da chinh phu Nam triiu vd cdc tfianh sdt viin da Cue chinh tri (Service des Affaires politiques) cimg tdi cdc tinh rdt loan vdi ddy du quyin lUc di thiit lap lai trdt tU vd xem xet viic dUa tfiim qudn dpi vdo Trong mpt dip kfidc, Khdm si Trung Ky vd Bd tnidng tU pfidp Nam triiu (ThUOng thu bp Hinh) tdi hiin tnidng di gidi quyit nhiing vdn di nhing ngUdi cpng sdn ddt Hg triiu tap cdc quan chic lgi vd noi bdng gigng cUOng quyit vd Khdm si dd dat dupc viic Id mpt sd quan chic cbn bdo hodng fidn nhd vua dd yiu cdu chinh phi phdi diing nhiitng biin phdp cing rdn hdn ddt vdi nhing ngUdi cdng sdn 12 Rghito eihi Lich aiir stf 7.2011 c Dung vu lUc d^cdm tu tdp vd gidi tdn viic tu tap Mat khdc, cdc ddn vi ddn binh cd sing dudi sU chi dao da cdnh sdt Bac Liiu vd: Cd Mau, da ngiidi ding ddu dm vi cd ddng da cd quan an ninh vd nhing dai diin chinh quyin tudn tra bdng d td Cde quan chic nghi hiiu d Hd Ttnh thi cdc dim 29 vd 30 (thdng Tu) trin tdt cd cdc dupc phdi tdi nhiing gia dinh Id ngiidi thdn phd di kiim tra sU tudn phbng da ly dich da hg di chdng tuyin truyin cdng sdn vd niu kfidng tfidy fig tudn tra thi manh Chinh quyin ihupc dia miipn gia dinh di tay vdi hg (en cos ecfieant, leur priter main gido due em hg kfidng nin ngfie theo forte" (27) Vd ddy Id thdi dd tdn thfldng ning nhidt cpng sdn eiia quan lai, ly djeh, "thUpng lUu tri thic" Tdt cd cdc cd mdy da xd hdi Viet Nam truyin thdng dd trd thdnh dot tUpng da tinh Vinh Long dH vdi vi^c ddn dp cdng mdt viic thi phuc hoat lg.i nfidm thiit lap san, "dn dinh trdt tU" cua chinh quyin mdt di cd thi ngdn dUpc nhiing dpt thude dja phong trdo 1930-1931, dflde t h i hidn qua bfle thfl di ngdy 25-7-1931 thuy triiu cpng sdn ddng lin" eua Chu tinh Vinh Long gfli Thing die td't ea eac xfl, ly dich cde ldng vd bd Nam Ky Bfle thfl ghi: mdy quan lai Nam trilu bj dly len tuyln "Tdi tidn fignh gii cho ngdi bdn diiu trflde vide chong cdng vd trdn thfle t l trdn cdc quan chic chinh quyin vd cdc bpn chung khdng phai Id ft da trd thdnh trp ly dich bdn xi d Vinh Long gii cho tdi di thu die liic eho eanh sat vd ed quan an dm dn chinh quyin Phdp dd nfianh cfldng ninh thude dja nhidm vu dflpc giao dn dinh trdt trii vung via mdi bi cho Id "bop chit mdm phdn loan ti tring khudy ddo bdi nhiing float dpng mdt trdt tU nudc'' (26) vd bao lUc, kfidng thi tfia thi md nfidt Id Trong bfle thfl d l ngdy 2-5-1930 eua chii cdc hoat ddng cpng sdn tinh Bac Lidu gfli Thong ddc Nam Ky ndi Tdi bdo cho ngdi diidc biit, ding ddu vl nhflng bien phdp d^ phd vdi nhflng eude cho nhing biiu hiin da sU trung thdnh bilu tinh, nut tinh ''cpng sdn" nhdn ngdy 1thdnh thUc ndy vd gdn bo vdi sii nghiip da d tinh ndy eho thiy ro "trdch nhiim'' vk ngUdi Pfidp Id dai diin da nhiing vi ddn sfl ''phdt lidp" cua ly djch (notables) vdi Iflc biiu cd nghia Id Uy viin Hdi ddng thude Iflpng an ninh thude dja cdng vide dia, cdc uy viin Hdi ddng hdng tinh dong ndy Chu tinh viit: thdi Id cdc dia chi chinh vd gidi thUpng liiu "Nhiing biin phdp sau se diipc si dung: tri thic vd xd hdi bdn xvt' (28) a Ddm bdo gidm sdt chdt cfie nhiing Kdm theo thfl ndy, chii tinh Vinh Long ngUdi la tinh vd nhiing ngUdi bdn xi gfli Thong doe Nam K^ ban dilu t r l n cd bi tinh nghi chfl ky eua hdng trdm 1^ djeh, diin chii, b Td chic thudng xuyin viic tudn tra thfldng gia d cde tong cua Vinh Long gvti ban dim vdi cdc nhdm ti din 10 tudn Petit dl td ldng "biit dn sdu s&c'' dli vdi ''cdfi^ trg.ng to Idn'' cua vidn chu tinh ndy dinh dudi sU chi dgo da cdc ly dich "Nhiing ngUdi cd da vd cdc nhd nfio, diim ngdm khdc md chinh quyin bdo hd nhdm vdo dd dUpc ggi din di nhdn lai vai trb cii dot vdi ddn chung, bdi fig tiip tuc Id cd sd xd hpi da Trung IQ/, cd sd md cfio din lie ndy to mdt vu vd thu ddng tnide nhiing ngUdi cpng sdn" Chuong Mnh "cii cich" chfaih hj cung nhfl sfl "trung thdnh tuyet dot" dli vdi nhd nflde "Dai Pfidp", se dflde din d sau Dflng nhfl Dang Cdng san Ddng Dfldng n h ^ djnh vdo thdi dilm dien cupc "cdi cdch" cua Pidrre Pasquier (trong Chfldng trinh hdnh ddng cua Dang Cpng san Ddng Dfldng, 6-1932), ring: "JBpn dia chi, hdo ly cing tU bdn bdn xi diu sdn ldng ddng vai tuong dao phi giip 13 diqudc thdm sdt cdng ndng binh Hiu cdng ddc vi thudng, vi thi cfio nin di quoc bdn viic cdi lUdng cho ching, ching dpi dn bin, dUng "bdn thinh cdu" Bi qude cdi cdch muc dich dikOm thim dong minh d Ddng Duong, di hodn todn thu phuc tU bdn bdn xi vdo phe phdn cdch mgng, cung di keo bgn tiiu tU sdn thUdng liiu thdnh thi vd cdc phdn ti boc lot d thdn qui sang mat trdn da ching nd " (29) CHU THtCH (1) Nftm 1908, D?ii t i Digne xutft ban mOt cuSh 8&ch n6i vl chfnh trj h D6ng DUdng Tic gia niy so sinh dudng 151 cai tri cua Phip b Ddng DUdng vdi chinh sich thu^c dja cua La Ma c& d?i b chiu Au vi khuySn Phip n§n theo gUdng La Ma sii dyng chfnh sich bao hp dSi vdi cic thu$c dia ciia minh Nam Phong, a6151, tr 528 (15) Patrice Morlat, sdd, tr 369 (16), (17) Nam Phong, scf 153, tr 210-212, 210 (18) Nam Phong, B6 168, tr 110-111 (19) Nam Phong, B6 171, tr 447 (20) Nam Phong, s£f 176 1932 (21) JOIF, 2er semestre 1930, tr 4193 (2) D5n theo Nguyin Vin Trung: Chi nghla (22) Theo S6ng HUOng tuc ban, aS 2, ngiy 26thytc ddn Phdp d ViSt Nam • ThUc chdt vd huyin 6-1937, Trong H0p tuyin tha vdn Vi^t Nam, T^p V, thog,i I Vdn hoa vd chinh tri, Nam Sdn xutft ban,Vdn hoc Viit Nam 1930-1945, Nxb Vin hda, Hi Sii Gdn, 1963, tr 280 N§i, 1963, tr 602 (3) Patrice Morlat: Pouvoir et Repression au (23) Andr6 Dumarest: La formation des classes Vi^t Nam durant la periode coloniale 1911-1940, sociales en pays annamites, Lyon, 1935, tr 114 Paris, 1985, tr 366 (24) Dang cgng san Vi^t Nam: Vdn kiin Bdng (4) Nam Phong, aS 151, tr 528 (5) Nam Phong, aS 154, tr 300 (6) Nam Phong, aS 167, tr 326 (7) Nam Phong, a6178, tr 533 (8) Xem T^ Thi Thuy (chii bi§n): Lich si Viit Nam, T9P VIII, 1919-1930, Nxb Khoa hoc xa h^i, Hi NOi, 2007 (9).J0IF, sCfe, 18-1-1930, tr 1959 (10), (11) Nam Phong aS 153, tr 210 (12) JOIF, 2er semestre 1930, tr 4193 (13) JOIF, 2er semestre 1930, tr 3519 (14) JOIF, 2er semestre 1930, tr 4190 todn tdp, T?ip 4, Nxb Chfnh tri Qu^ Pa Hi NOi, 1999, tr 160-161 (25) AOM, Slotfom, serie III, carton 42, Gouvemeur G6ndral i Colonies 9-9-1930 Patrice Morlat, sdd, tr 367 (26) AOM, NF, carton 290, Cd m|t 28-7-1931 (27) I U 45/211(2) (28) II A45/244 (2) Vinh Long - M6fait commis par les communistes - renforcement de la police (29) Dang cong san Vi$t Nam: Vdn kien Ddng todn tdp, T^p 4, Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc Pa Hi N$i, 1999, tr [...]... aS 151, tr 528 (5) Nam Phong, aS 154, tr 300 (6) Nam Phong, aS 167, tr 326 (7) Nam Phong, a6178, tr 533 (8) Xem T^ Thi Thuy (chii bi§n): Lich si Viit Nam, T9P VIII, 1919-1 930, Nxb Khoa hoc xa h^i, Hi NOi, 2007 (9).J0IF, sCfe, 18-1-1 930, tr 1959 (10), (11) Nam Phong aS 153, tr 210 (12) JOIF, 2er semestre 1 930, tr 4193 (13) JOIF, 2er semestre 1 930, tr 3519 (14) JOIF, 2er semestre 1 930, tr 4190 todn tdp,... Vi^t Nam, T^p V, thog,i I Vdn hoa vd chinh tri, Nam Sdn xutft ban,Vdn hoc Viit Nam 1 930- 1945, Nxb Vin hda, Hi Sii Gdn, 1963, tr 280 N§i, 1963, tr 602 (3) Patrice Morlat: Pouvoir et Repression au (23) Andr6 Dumarest: La formation des classes Vi^t Nam durant la periode coloniale 1911-1940, sociales en pays annamites, Lyon, 1935, tr 114 Paris, 1985, tr 366 (24) Dang cgng san Vi^t Nam: Vdn kiin Bdng (4) Nam. .. vdi cic thu$c dia ciia minh Nam Phong, a6151, tr 528 (15) Patrice Morlat, sdd, tr 369 (16), (17) Nam Phong, scf 153, tr 210-212, 210 (18) Nam Phong, B6 168, tr 110-111 (19) Nam Phong, B6 171, tr 447 (20) Nam Phong, s£f 176 1932 (21) JOIF, 2er semestre 1 930, tr 4193 (2) D5n theo Nguyin Vin Trung: Chi nghla (22) Theo S6ng HUOng tuc ban, aS 2, ngiy 26thytc ddn Phdp d ViSt Nam • ThUc chdt vd huyin 6-1937,... NOi, 1999, tr 160-161 (25) AOM, Slotfom, serie III, carton 42, Gouvemeur G6ndral i Colonies 9-9-1 930 Patrice Morlat, sdd, tr 367 (26) AOM, NF, carton 290, Cd m|t 28-7-1931 (27) I U 45/211(2) (28) II A45/244 (2) Vinh Long - M6fait commis par les communistes - renforcement de la police (29) Dang cong san Vi$t Nam: Vdn kien Ddng todn tdp, T^p 4, Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc Pa Hi N$i, 1999, tr 6