Tuyin Tap Nghien Ciru Biin, 2010, XVII: 53-63 CHAT LUONG MOI TRl/OTVG NlTOG DAM NHA PHU - VINH BINH CANG VA MOI LIEN QUAN v O l CAC HOAT D0NG KINH TE Pham Huu Tam, Le Thi Vinh, Duong Trong Kiem, Nguyen Hong Thu, Pham Hong Ngo Vien Hdi duong hoc Tom tat Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay, vai thong so moi truong nuoc tai khu vuc dam Nha Phu (chu yeu d vung dinh dam) co gia tri nam ngoai gia tri gidi han (GTGH) ciia tieu chuan nude nuoi thiiy san Viet Nam, 5943: 1995 va ciia cac nude Asean, the hien rat ro vao miia mua: oxy hoa tan (4,75mg/l) vat lo lirng (83,3mg/l), nitrate (71 u.g/1), ammonia (73ug/l), ham luong hydrocarbon nude d tat ca cac tram khao sat deu vuot GTGH Chat luong moi trudng khu vuc vinh Binh Cang it nhiem hon so vdi khu vuc dam Nha Phu, hau het cac thong so moi trudng nude d vinh Binh Cang deu nam GTGH, chi co ham luong hydrocarbon vuot GTGH (he so nhiem la 2,14 vao miia kho va 1,64 vao miia mua) Ket qua phan tich cac mau nude thai cho thay nhieu thong so moi trudng cd gia tri nam ngoai GTGH duoc quy dinh TCVN 6772: 2000 (muc 1): ham luong ciia BOD (Tan Thiiy 1: 69,7mg/l; Tan Thiiy 2: 38,2mg/l), N0 -N (Tan Thiiy 3: 57.893ug), TSS (Tan Thiiy 2: 2.970,8mg/l) Dac biet ham luong coliform vuot GTGH nhieu lan (he sd d nhiem: 24 x 10 - 75 x 10 ) 3 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF NHA PHU LAGOON - BINH CANG BAY WITH RELATION TO THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES Pham Huu Tam Le Thi Vinh Duong Trong Kiem, Nguyen Hong Thu, Pham Hong Ngo Institute of Oceanography Abstract The studied results show that concentration of environmental parameters in Nha Phu lagoon (such as dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, nitrate, ammonia) exceeds the limit values, expressed very clearly in the rainy season, hydrocarbon content in water at all stations is over the limit values Environmental quality in Binh Cang bay is better than Nha Phu lagoon, most of the parameters of the water environment in Binh Cang bay are in the limit values, only the hydrocarbon content exceeds the limit values The analysis of wastewater samples shows that the concentration of environmental parameters such as BOD , NO3-N, TSS exceeds the limit values Specially, concentration of coliform exceeds the limit values several times (with pollution coefficients: 24 x 10 - 75 x 10 ) I GIOI THIEU Viing dinh dam Nha Phu cd mot sd song sudi dd vao, tren luu vuc cac song hoat ddng san xuat ndng nghiep va nuoi thiiy san dien kha sdi ddng Tir nam 1995 den nam 2007 gia tri san xuat ndng nghiep toan huyen lien tuc tang: Nam 1995 dat khoang 255,4 ty ddng, nam 2000 dat Dam Nha Phu - vinh Binh Cang la vinh bien nua kin ven bd Mien Trung, nam each phd Nha Trang 20km ve phia bac cd vi tri dia ly tir 109°09' - 109°17' kinh ddng va 12°18'-12°27' vT bac 53 275 ty ddng va den nam 2006 tang nhanh den 346 ty dong San luong thuy san nuoi trdng toan huyen nam 2007 la 4.618 tan, bang 115,39% so vdi cung ky nam 2006, nang suat torn nuoi binh quan dat 1,09 tin/ha, san lugng torn toan huyen nam 2007 la 2.000 tin, bang 116,41% va tang 282 tin so vdi cirng ky nam 2006 (Phong Th6ng ke huyen Ninh Hoa, 2007) Nhirng hoat dong kinh te dien khu vuc nghien cuu co kha nang tao nhung nguy co ve suy thoai chat luong mdi trudng, din den suy giam nguon loi thiiy san, de dga true tiep cudc song ciia cu din song quanh dam ddng thoi giy d nhiem cho dim Nha Phu - vinh Binh Cang Trudc diy, nhdm de tai chiing tdi ciing nhu mot sd tic gii da quan tim nghien ciiu mdi trudng khu vuc niy, nhu Bui Hong Long (1996), Le Thi Vinh va cs (1996), Pham Van Thom va cs (1998, 2005), Lai Van Hiing (2004) thu dugc mgt sd din lieu tham khao tdt Tuy nhien, sau mgt thoi gian tuong ddi dai, mdi trudng d diy da cd nhieu bien ddi cac hoat ddng kinh te va din sinh phit trien, nen dat vin de nghien ciiu lai mot each toan dien chit lugng mdi trudng dim Nha Phu, vinh Binh Cang mdi lien quan vdi cic hoat ddng kinh te la mot vide lam cin thiet rit cd y nghia khoa hgc va thuc tien lam co sd khoa hgc phuc vu quan ly, bio ve mdi trudng, phat trien kinh te ben vung I I PHlTONG PHAP Thu mau: +Thuc hien dot khao sat vao thing 5/2008 (mua khd) va thing 10/2008 (miia mua) dd thu mau nude (Hinh 1) Mau dugc thu vao luc trieu thap, tdng cdng cd tat ca 40 miu nude da dugc thu Cdc chi tieu phan tich bao gdm: V|t lo lirng, muoi, DO, BOD , cac mudi dinh duong (NH , -N, N0 -N, N0 -N, PO4-P, Si0 -Si), chit huu co (N huu co, P huu co), coliform, hydrocarbon +Thu mau nude ao nuoi torn va nude thii khu din cu (Hinh 1) Cd 16 mau nude ao nuoi torn va miu nude thii da dugc thu va phan tich Cic chi tieu phan tich: pH, vat lo lirng, DO, BOD , mudi dinh dudng (NH , N, NO2-N, N0 -N, P0 -P, Si0 -Si), N huu co, P huu co), coliform Phuong phap phan tich: Cic miu nude duoc xir ly, bio quan va phin tich theo cic phuong phap tieu chuan hien hanh (APHA, 2005) He sd d nhiem duoc tinh theo cdng thirc: He sd d nhiem = (Gia tri thuc) : (gia tri gidi han) Cac sd lieu lien quan den hoat ddng kinh te-xa hdi cua vung nghien cuu dugc thu thap tai phong Ndng nghiep huyen Ninh Hda Xu dung phin mem thdng dung Microsoft Excel de ve cic thj 3 54 4 Hinh Vi tri cac tram thu mau tai khu vuc nghien ciru Fig Location of sampling stations Chu thich: A: khu vuc ao nuoi xa Ninh Phii, khuB: vuc ao nuoi xa Ninh Ha, C: khu vuc ao nuoi xa Ninh Loc, D: khu vuc ao nuoi xa Ninh Ich Mot vai thdng sd mdi trudng nude tai khu III KET QUA vuc vuot gia tri gidi han (GTGH), ham Hien trang moi truong khu vuc dam luong dxy hda tan thap hon GTGH duoc Nha Phu - vjnh Binh Cang: ghi nhan tai cac tram viing dinh dam Cac so lieu thu duoc chuyen (4,75mg/l, tram 2), ham luong ciia vat la khao sat miia kho (thang 5/2008) va miia limg (83,3mg/l, tram 2), NO3-N (71,1 ug/1, mua (thang 10/2008) duoc trinh bay d hinh tram va 3), ammonia (73pg/l, tram 1), Tu cac dan lieu phan tich tren co the hydrocarbon (d tat ca cac tram khao sat) thay ham luong cac yeu to moi trudng cd cao hon GTGH Tai vinh Binh Cang, ham su bien ddi theo khong gian va thai gian rat luong BOD5 vao miia mua luon thap hon ro ret Tai khu vuc dam Nha Phu, dac biet so vdi miia khd d ca tang nude (tang mat la viing dinh dam (gdm cac tram 1, 2, 3) 0,64mg/l so vdi l,09mg/l va tang day nai tiep giap vdi cac song, vao mua 0,84mg/l so vdi l,45mg/l) Ham luong ciia mua gia tri mudi, ham luong dxy hda vat la limg, cac mudi dinh dudng (NO2-N, tan thudng thap han so vdi miia khd (tuong NH 4-N, PO4-P, Si03-Si) vao miia mua cd ling vdi cac gia tri trung binh la: 21%o so pham vi dao ddng ldn va gia tri cao hon so vdi 25%o va 5.28mg/l so vdi 6.38mg/l), vdi miia khd (cac gia tri trung binh tuong ham luong vat la limg cac mudi dinh img la: 47,48mg/l so vdi 25,18mg/l; dudng nhu: N0 -N, N0 -N, NH3.4-N, SiOvSi P huu ca ldn han so vdi miia khd l,94pg/l so vdi 0,28pg/l; 2pg/l so vdi lug/1: 5,72 ug/1 so vdi 3,10 ug/1 va461 ug/1 (cac gia tri trung binh tuong ung la: so vdi 333ug/l) Tom lai, tai khu vuc dim 31.68mg/l so vdi 70,68mg/l; 6,13ug/l so Nha Phu ham luong ciia cac thdng sd mdi vdi l,52ug/l; 59,83ug/l so vdi 43,83ug/l; trudng nude (dxy hda tan, vat la limg 58,30ug/l so vdi 52,00ug/l: 1.504ug/l so vdi 934ug/l va 90,78ug/l so vdi 34.77ug/l) NO3-N, ammonia, hydrocarbon) deu nam ngoai GTGH the hien rat ro vao miia mua 3 55 Trong luc do, d vuc nude vinh Binh Cang so sanh vdi cac tieu chuan chat lugng nude hien hanh thi tuong doi tot, phan ldn cac thong so moi truong nude khao sat deu nam GTGH, ngoai trir ham lugng ciia hydrocarbon vuot qua GTGH (he s6 nhiem la 2.14 vao miia kho va 1,64 vao miia mua) DO muoi 1 M9/I n 1 DO Vat lo lung mg/1 BOD mg/1 3.5 25 05 mg/1 1 van N04M NO -N o NH -N van 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 34 4 Si0 -Si 3 Tr m Chii thich:B (10/08) 0(5/08) Hinh Bien thien ham lugng ciia mot so thong so moi truong (tang mat) tai khu vuc dam Nha Phu Fig The concentration variation of environmental parameters (surface) in Nha Phu lagoon 56 ng/l P hOu cc (tang m$t) nl mg/l i • (5/08) Vat lo limg n n Ting mit (5/08) -ting mSt (10/08) ng/i J N0 -N I (10/08) ug/1 Hydrocarbon (tang m$t) 700 600 I I i 11 nl • (5/08) mg/l i i BOD t 10 11 I Tang day (5/08) -Ting day (10/08) i l 1 ] TJng mat (5/08) -Tang mat (10/08) I Tang day (5/08) -Ting day (10/08) ] Tang mat (5/08) -Tang mat (10/08) I Tang day (5/08) -Tang day (10/08) Ting mSt (5/08) — Tang m|t (10/08) I Tang day (5/08) -Tang day (10/08) Si0 -Si 10 11 Ting day (5/08) ] T3ng mSt(5/08) I Tang day (5/08) i Tang mat (5/08) Ting day (10/08) -Tang mat (10/08) -Tang day (10/08) -•— Ting mat (10/08) Hinh Bien thien ham luong ciia mot so thong so moi truong tai khu vuc vinh Binh Cang Fig The concentration variation of environmental parameters in Binh Cang bay 5" T r ? m Moi lien quan cua cac hoat dong kinh te va dan sinh vdi chat luong moi truong khu vuc nghien cuu vugt GTGH, d cdng Tan Thiiy gia tri cua BOD la 69,7mg/l, cdng Tan Thiiy gia tri ciia BOD la 38.2mg/l; mudi dinh duong NO3-N (57.893ug/1, cdng Tan Thuy 3), Cac hoat dong kinh te, dan sinh da va ham lugng TSS (2.970,8mg/l, cdng Tan dang dien xung quanh deu xa nude thai Thiiy 2) va dac biet coliform vuot GTGH true tiep vao vuc nude khu vuc nghien rat nhieu lan (vdi he sd d nhiem tir 24 x 10 cuu Tuy theo phan khac ciia 75 x 10 lan) tung loai nude thai ma co nhung anh 2.1.2 Nguon thai tic cdc hoat ddng nudi hudng nhat dinh den chat luong nude ciia thuy san (NTTS): thiiy vuc nghien ciiu Xung quanh viing nghien ciru la nai 2.1 Dac diem cac nguon thai xung tap trung nghe nudi torn dia kha phat trien quanh khu vuc dam Nha Phu - vjnh cua cu dan xa Ninh Phii, Ninh Ha, Ninh Binh Cang: Ldc va Ninh Ich Dien tich va san luong Cac nguon nude thai chu yeu la: nudi dugc the hien bang nude thai tir cac hoat ddng dan sinh, nuoi Sd lieu thdng ke phan nude cac thiiy san va nguon nude dd tir cac ao nudi thu dugc tai cac khu vuc nudi torn song sudi d viing dinh dam Nha Phu dia dugc trinh bay d bang 4, Nhung dan 2.1.1 Nguon thai tic hoat dong khu dan cu: lieu d cac bang cho thay, lugng Xung quanh khu vuc nghien ciiu cd thuc an du thira qua trinh nudi tha xa bao gdm 10 thdn, cac xa Ninh Phu, torn nen nude cac ao nudi cd ham Ninh Ha cd mat dd dan cu thua that Con lugng vat la limg, ham lugng nitrate, xa Ninh Ich va Ninh Loc cd mat tuong phosphate, P hifu ca, N hifu ca thudng cao ddi cao, ndi bat nhat la thdn Tan hon so vdi nude khu vuc dam (cac Thiiy (Ninh Loc), Tan Thanh (Ninh Ich) gia tri trung binh tuong img la : 45,2mg/l; vdi tdng sd dan khoang 8.026 nhan khau, 50,1 ug/1; 4,26ug/l 44,6 Ug/1 va 586ug/l), cd khoang 20% cu dan d day tap the hien ro nhat d nhirng ao nudi torn the trung chii yeu viing gan mep nude ciia dam chan trang, nhung ao nudi d vao thai diem vdi dieu kien ve sinh mdi trudng kern va sap thu hoach thai true tiep nude thai vao dam 2.1.3 Vat chat tie song sudi vung dinh Dua theo each tinh toan ciia To chirc dam Nha Phu: Y te The Gidi (World Health Organization) Ket qua phan tich phan nude vao nam 1993 ap dung cho nhieu quoc gia tai dap Ben Bap (thudc song Dinh) va cau dang phat trien khdi luong chat d nhiem Cay Gang (hop luu ciia song Nga dan cu thdn Tan Thiiy va Tan Thanh hang dua vao mdi trudng (Bang 1) la Hau va song Nga Da) dugc trinh bay d bang Cac dan lieu cho thay tat ca cac gia khong nhd trj va ham lugng cua cac yeu to nhu: mudi Sd lieu phan tich (Bang 2) cho thay dinh dudng, chat hiru ca, kim loai nang, phan nude thai cd chira ham luong hydrocarbon deu ldn hon rat nhidu so vdi cao ciia cac chat va vuot xa GTGH dugc quy djnh TCVN 6772: 2000 (miic 1): nude dam Nha Phu - vjnh Binh Cang gia tri ciia BODs d cac cdng phan ldn deu 5 ; 58 Bang Ucrc tinh lugng nuac thai dan cir thon Tan Thiiy, Tan Thanh vao vung nghien ciiu Table Estimated amount of wastewater from residential areas flowing into the study area Chat nhiem BOD, Vat la liing Tong N Tong P NH , -N Gia trj trung binh khoi lur/ng (g/ngiroi/ngay) 49,5 107,0 9,0 2,4 3,6 Tai luong chat nhiem (kg/ngay) 79,2 171,2 14,4 3,8 5,8 Bang Ham lugng cac thong so moi truong ciia nuac thai tai mot so cong thai tu khu dan cu Tan Thiiy Table The concentration of environmental parameters of wastewater in residential area (Tan Thiiy) Thang - 2008 Thang - 2008 Thong Don vj Tan Tan Tan Tan Tan Tan TCVN Thuy Thuy Thuy Thuy Thiiy Thuy so (*) pH 7,5 8,0 7,0 7,65 7,3 8,2 5-9 TSS mg/l 123,4 119,2 107,8 2714,7 2.970,8 3.413,3 50 BOD mg/l 20,7 38,2 31.1 69,7 29,9 11,4 30 N0 -N 47,2 60,3 90,3 42,0 26,5 342,0 ug/1 NO3-N 901 898,0 57.893,0 30.000 4024,0 4.851,0 3.111,0 ug/1 NH, -N 164 104,0 236,0 680,0 780,0 248.0 ug/1 P0 -P 6.000 764,0 2.840,0 6912 3.696,0 1.091,0 2.984,0 Ug/1 N huu co 9.240,0 9.525,0 8.590,0 57790 63.910 146.120,0 ug/i Phuuco 3.771,0 3.750,0 3.560,0 27520 29.050 50.480,0 ug/1 Coliform MPN/lOOml 61xl0 24x10" 75x10" 1.000 (*): TCVN 6772:2000, (muc 1): dung cho nuoc thai sinh hoat ct khu vuc cdng cong 4 Bang Dien tich va san lugng nuoi thiiy san ciia cac xa tai khu vuc nghien ciiu nam Table Area and aquaculture production of the communes in the study area in 2007 STT Ten xa Dien tich ao nuoi (ha) Ninh Phu 320 Ninh Ha 390 Ninh Loc 450 Ninh Ich 460 Tong cong 1.620 (Theo phong Nong nghiep huyen Ninh Hoa, 2007) 59 San luffing (tan) 640 720 1.245 1.557 4.162 Bang Ham lirgng cac thong sd moi truong cua nude ao nuoi torn (thang - 2008) Table The concentration of environmental parameters of water in shrimp pond (5 - 2008) a Cac thong so ca ban va muoi dinh duong Loai torn Thoi gian Mat Vj tri TSS BOD, NO -N N0 -N ao nudi nudi tha(ngay) (con/m ) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ug/1) (Hg/D Ninh Ha Su 56 13 3,8 71 118 5.2 Ninh Ha Su 45 100 4.5 3,1 68 Ninh Phu Su 60 15 116 4.0 7.6 68 Ninh Phii Su 105 194 6.4 12,5 285 Chan trang 30 100 208 7,4 3,9 97 Ninh Loc Ninh Loc Sit _ 60 10 118 5,4 3,4 94 Ninh Ich Chan trang 582 31,2 11,4 97 Ninh Ich Chan trang 60 110 250 14.9 16,1 97 b Cac mudi dinh dudng va coliform Coliform N he P he Vi tri Thoi gian NH3.4-N PO -P Si0 -Si (ug/D tha (ngay) (Ug/1) (ug/D (Ug/1) (MPN/lOOml) ao nuoi (ug/D Ninh Ha 56 37 19.1 286 985 98,2 36 Ninh Ha 45 53 10,4 609 950 100,0 930 60 13 12,5 1.050 107,6 36 Ninh Phii Ninh Phii 105 268 7,5 427 1.525 255,2 2.400 Ninh Loc 30 130 17,2 537 1.125 107,5 15,5 930 Ninh Loc 60 82 7,2 596 1.150 Ninh Ich 408 18.4 926 995 96,2 36 Ninh Ich 60 144 19,4 481 1.220 108,8 z 3 Bang Ham luong cac thdng so mdi trudng ciia nude ao nudi torn (thang - 2008) Table The concentration of environmental parameters of water in shrimp pond (7 - 2008) a Cac thdng sd ca ban va mudi dinh duong Vj tri Loai torn Thoi gian Mat TSS BOD, N0 -N NO3-N ao nuoi nuoi tha (ngay) (con/m ) (mg/l) mg/l) (ug/1) (Ug/D Ninh Ha Su 90 20 68,6 2.6 16,0 126 Ninh Ha Sii 105 67,4 6.1 7,6 89 Ninh Phu Chan trang 45 90 264,7 21,0 25,7 228 Ninh Phu Chan trang 60 100 282,7 20,2 21,6 217 Ninh Loc Chan trang 80 222,0 19,5 15,5 138 Ninh Loc Su 120 224,7 12,1 13,5 134 Ninh Ich Chan trang 45 100 336,0 19,5 122 33,5 Ninh Ich Chan trang 100 485,0 19,6 154 20,2 2 b Cac mudi dinh duong Vi tri ao nuoi Ninh Ha Ninh Ha Ninh Phii Ninh Phii Ninh Loc Ninh Loc Ninh Ich Ninh Ich Thoi gian tha (ngay) 90 105 45 60 80 120 45 - NH -N (ug/1) 308 35 228 112 80 66 16 PO -P (ug/1) 294,0 40,0 38,8 65,0 55,0 40,0 92,4 68.8 60 SiOj-Si (ug/1) 2.320 4.970 4.700 4.930 96 1.022 745 162 N he (ng/i) 1.252 1.850 1.120 2.250 2.890 1.140 1.850 3.350 P he (ug/D 140,0 201,2 98,2 340,5 713,0 128,4 345,2 820,8 Bang Ham lugng cua cac thong s6 moi truong tai dap Ben Bap (song Dinh) va cau Cay Gang Table The concentration of the environmental parameters in water of Ben Bap dam and Cay Gang bridge Dap Ben Bap (song Dinh) Cau Cay Gang Yeu to Dun vi 5/2008 10/2008 5/2008 10/2008 Vat la lirng 79,8 152,0 42,7 133,5 mg/l DO mg/l 5,5 6,4 5,1 4,0 BOD mg/l 3.8 2,5 4,0 3,2 N0 -N 16,5 37,6 9,0 37,1 ug/1 NO3-N 59,0 167,0 73,0 181,0 Mg/l NH,,4-N ug/1 186,0 252,0 75.0 148,0 PO4-P 24,4 24,7 18,8 10,6 ug/1 SiO Si ug/1 5.070.0 1.371,0 3.770,0 3.300,0 N huu ca ug/1 1.015,0 950,0 1.035,0 860,0 P huu ca ug/1 103,8 251,8 137,7 273,9 Hydrocarbon 1.089.0 417,0 891,0 536,0 ug/1 r 2.2 Kha nang gay anh huong cua cac nguon thai doi voi chat lugng moi truong khu vuc nghien cuu: Nhirng dan lieu trinh bay d cac bang 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, cho thay cac nguon thai (sinh hoat khu dan cu, nuoi thiiy san, vat chat tir song suoi, ) vao thiiy vuc nghien ciru deu co dac diem chung la chira nhieu chat dinh dudng, huu ca, dau ma, coliform Ngoai ra, cac hoat dong nuoi torn dia da vao vuc nude nghien cuu mot lugng bun rat ldn, bun ao nuoi torn chira mot lugng ldn chat huu ca khong chi a tang mat ma den ldp biin 30cm tich luy suot qua trinh nuoi Lugng biin day nao vet tir cac ao nuoi torn co the dat den 20m /1.000m (Lai Van Hirng, 2004) Mat khac tir lugng biin chira nhieu vat chat la limg, giau chat huu ca tinh trang yem thi thudng hinh nhieu doc hai nhu ammonia, nitrite va dac biet la cac chira luu huynh ciing dugc phong thich trd lai moi truong nude, gay nen nhung tac hai cho ddi song ciia sinh vat Viing dinh dam Nha Phu la nai nhan true tiep nguon vat chat tir cac song suoi vao va lugng vat chat gia tang rat ldn vao miia mua lu Lugng vat chat song Dinh vao thiiy vuc nghien ciiu miia mua Pham Van Thom va cs (1998) udc tinh dugc mo ta d bang va phan nude tai dap Ben Bap vao miia mua nam 1997 va nam 2008 dugc mo ta d bang Cac dan lieu tir bang 7, cho thay lugng vat chat tir song Dinh vao dam Nha Phu miia mua nam 2008 ldn han so vdi miia mua nam 1997 Khoi lugng vat chat tir cac song suoi lai nam xung quanh dam, cho den van chua co nhirng nghien ciiu va thong ke chi tiet, nhien qua so lieu phan tich d bang tai tram cau Cay Gang (nai giao ciia song Nga Hau va Nga Da) cho thay lugng vat chat vao thiiy vuc tir he thong song suoi la dang ke Bang Luang vat chat song Dinh thiiy vuc nghien cuu miia mua (10/1997) Table The amount of material by Dinh river flowing into study area in rainy season (10/1997) Yeu to Lirong vat chat BOD (kg) 1.077.255 Vat la lirng (kg) 49.530.357 N0 -N (kg) 11.684 NO3-N (kg) 145.464 PO4-P (kg) 7.069 Sid-Si (kg) 2.318.552 61 Bang Ham luong ciia cac thong so moi trudng nude tai dap Ben Bap (song Dinh) cac nam 1997 va 2008 Table The concentration of the environmental parameters in the water of Ben Bap dam in 1997 and 2008 Yeu to Dap Ben Bap 10/1997 (*) 10/2008 106,0 152,0 7,1 6,4 2,3 2,46 25,2 37,6 106,0 167,0 112,0 252,0 15,0 24,7 741,0" 950,0 198,7 251,8 Don vi Vat la lung mg/l DO mg/l BOD mg/l N0 -N ug/1 NO3-N ug/1 NH , -N ug/1 PO4-P ug/1 N huu ca ug/1 P huu ca ug/1 (*): Pham Van Tham va cs (1998) bien (mot lupng ldn chat thai ciing dupe thoat bien), khdi nude bien ngugc lai di vao dam, qua trinh lam dieu hda khdi nude dam va tao nen ddng chay dac trung (Bui Hong Long, 1996) Nude dam chay hai chieu theo hudng tay bac - ddng nam, nhd ddng chay ma khdi nude dam chuyen ddng va luon dugc xao trgn, tao dieu kien cho cac chat dinh dudng, chat huu co, ludn dugc trao ddi giira cac khu vuc khac dam ciing nhu vinh, dd cung la nguyen nhan chinh lam thiiy vuc nghien ciiu cho den cd chat lugng mdi trudng van tuong doi tdt, dat biet la khu vuc vinh Binh Cang IV THAO LUAN Khu vuc nghien ciiu tiep nhan nguon nuac ciia mot so song, suoi, song Dinh co luu luong Ion nhat, tren luu vuc song Dinh la viing hoat dpng nong nghiep ciia huyen Ninh Hoa Tiep dudi la vung dan cu tap trung vdi nguon thai sinh hoat true tiep vao dam Nha Phu, xung quanh khu vuc ngudi dan phai chiu su nhiem ciia miii hoi thoi boc len tir nude thai sinh hoat va dac biet gay gat vao nhirng nang nong Hoat dpng nuoi torn sii va torn the chan trang phat trien kha soi noi cung la nguon nhiem dang ke Nhu vay lugng chat thai dang ke ma nghe nuoi torn thai cong vdi luong nude thai sinh hoat, lupng vat chat tir song suoi (chira nhieu chat gay nhiem nhu huu ca, dau md, coliform) vao thiiy vuc nghien ciru cang gia tang se gay nen nhung tac dong tieu cue den thiiy vuc tiep nhan (dac biet la viing dinh dam) Co the noi rang, chinh nhirng nguon thai tren da lam gia tang miic dinh dudng, chat huu co va hydrocarbon tai vuc nude nghien ciiu, lam anh hudng den chat lupng mdi trudng dam Nha Phu - vinh Binh Cang Tuy nhien, dac thii ciia thiiy vuc nghien ciiu dd la kha nang trao ddi nude manh lam cho khdi nude dam luon dupe thay ddi, nude dd tir cac song sudi a viing dinh dam nhanh chong dupe dua V KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI Tir cac dan lieu trinh bay tren day cd the neu len mot sd nhan xet sau: Mot vai thdng sd mdi trudng nude (oxy hda tan, vat lo limg, nitrate, ammonia) tai khu vuc dam Nha Phu (chii yeu viing dinh dam) cd gia tri vupt GTGH dugc quy dinh cac tieu chuan nude nudi thiiy san Viet Nam, 5943:1995 va ciia cac nude ASEAN hien hanh, the hien rat rd ret vao mua mua, lupng nude (chira cac chat thai) rira trdi tir dat lien theo song sudi dd vao dam Nha Phu Chat lugng mdi trudng d vinh Binh Cang tdt hon so vdi d khu vuc dim Nha Phu 62 giai phap bao ve su dung hop ly De tai hop ddng, Vien Hai duong hoc, Nha Trang Lai Van Hiing, 2004 Danh gia miic d nhiem dam Nha Phu va de xuat cac giai phap cai thien va bao ve mdi trudng phuc vu cho NTTS Bao cao khoa hoc, trudng Dai hoc Thiiy san Nha Trang Le Thi Vinh, Pham Huu Tam, Duong Trong Kiem, Nguyen Hong Thu, 1996 Hien trang mdi trudng dam Nha Phu vinh Binh Cang Bao cao de tai cap co so, Vien Hai duong hoc, Nha Trang Pham Van Thom, Le Thi Vinh, Pham Hiru Tam Duong Trong Kiem, Nguyen Hong Thu, 2005 Bao cao ket qua khao sat mdi trudng cac khu vuc nudi thiiy san tinh Khanh Hda Thdng tin KHCN tinh Khanh Hda Pham Van Thom, Le Thi Vinh, Pham Hiru Tam, Duong Trong Kiem, Nguyen Hong Thu, Le Lan Huong, Mai Van Thang, Nguyen Kim Hda, 1998 Hien trang mdi trudng nude song Dinh (Ninh Hda) - Cac bien phap bao ve va khai thac sir dung theo nguyen tac phat trien ben vung De tai hop ddng vdi tinh Khanh Hda Phong Thdng ke huyen Ninh Hda, 2007 Bao cao tdng ket cudi nam 2007 Phong Ndng nghiep huyen Ninh Hda, 2007 Bao cao tdng ket cudi nam 2007 World Health Organization, 1993 Assessment of air water and land pollution, a guide to rapid source inventory techniques and their use in formulating environmental control strategies Geneva, pp 91-96 Anh huong ciia cac chat thai doi voi moi truong nuoc the hien ro ret tai viing dinh dam Nha Phu Ham luong cao ciia vat lo limg, muoi dinh duong, chat huu co, kim loai nang thuong tap trung cao cac tram 1, 2, (thuoc viing dinh dam) Thiiy vuc nghien ciru da va dang tiep nhan va chiu anh hudng mot luong nhat dinh chat thai tir cac nguon khac nhu: sinh hoat khu dan cu, nuoi thiiy san, vat chat tir song, Tuy nhien, nhirng dac thii ve che thuy van, kha nang trao doi nude manh, do chat luong moi trudng ciia thiiy vuc nghien ciiu cho den van tuong ddi tdt Be cai thien chat luong mdi trudng nude ciia dam Nha Phu - vinh Binh Cang nham tranh su suy thoai chat luong mdi trudng nude tai khu vuc nghien ciiu, nganh Ndng nghiep can phoi hop vdi co quan chiic nang lien quan tien hanh quy hoach lai viing nudi, giam sat cac nguon thai LCJI CAM ens Cam on cac anh chi em d UBND xa Ninh Phii, Ninh Loc, Ninh Ha, Ninh Ich, phong Ndng nghiep huyen Ninh Hda da giiip chiing tdi thu thap sd lieu phuc vu cho bai bao TAI LIEU THAM KHAO APHA, 2005 Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater 21 edition, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C Bui Hong Long, 1996 Dieu tra hien trang mdi trudng nguon loi chii yeu vinh Binh Cang dam Nha Phu kien nghi cac st Ngudi nhan xet: - TS Bui Hong Long - TS Doan Nhu Hai 63 [...]... ddng, Vien Hai duong hoc, Nha Trang Lai Van Hiing, 2004 Danh gia miic do d nhiem dam Nha Phu va de xuat cac giai phap cai thien va bao ve mdi trudng phuc vu cho NTTS Bao cao khoa hoc, trudng Dai hoc Thiiy san Nha Trang Le Thi Vinh, Pham Huu Tam, Duong Trong Kiem, Nguyen Hong Thu, 1996 Hien trang mdi trudng dam Nha Phu vinh Binh Cang Bao cao de tai cap co so, Vien Hai duong hoc, Nha Trang Pham Van Thom,... nude ciia dam Nha Phu - vinh Binh Cang nham tranh su suy thoai chat luong mdi trudng nude tai khu vuc nghien ciiu, nganh Ndng nghiep can phoi hop vdi co quan chiic nang lien quan tien hanh quy hoach lai viing nudi, giam sat cac nguon thai LCJI CAM ens Cam on cac anh chi em d UBND xa Ninh Phii, Ninh Loc, Ninh Ha, Ninh Ich, phong Ndng nghiep huyen Ninh Hda da giiip chiing tdi thu thap sd lieu phuc vu cho... cac chat thai doi voi moi truong nuoc the hien ro ret tai viing dinh dam Nha Phu Ham luong cao ciia vat lo limg, muoi dinh duong, chat huu co, kim loai nang thuong tap trung cao 6 cac tram 1, 2, 3 (thuoc viing dinh dam) Thiiy vuc nghien ciru da va dang tiep nhan va chiu anh hudng mot luong nhat dinh chat thai tir cac nguon khac nhau nhu: sinh hoat khu dan cu, nuoi trong thiiy san, vat chat tir song,... for examination of water and wastewater 21 edition, American Public Health Association, Washington D.C Bui Hong Long, 1996 Dieu tra hien trang mdi trudng nguon loi chii yeu vinh Binh Cang dam Nha Phu kien nghi cac st Ngudi nhan xet: - TS Bui Hong Long - TS Doan Nhu Hai 63