分类号： 密 级： 中国地质大学 博士学位论文 基于 GIS 的山地景观生态综合评价研究 ——以越南老街省沙巴县为例 学 号：LBYG20100001 博 士 生：KIEU QUOC LAP（桥国立） 学科专业：地图制图学与地理信息工程 指导教师：吴信才 教授、 刘修国 教授 所在学院：信息工程学院 二○一四年五月 学校代码：10491 博士生学号：LBYG20100001 中国地质大学 博士学位论文 基于 GIS 的山地景观生态综合评价研究 ——以越南老街省沙巴县为例 博 士 生：桥国立（KIEU QUOC LAP） 学科专业：地图制图学与地理信息工程 研究方向：地理信息系统 指导教师：吴信才 教授、 刘修国 教授 二○一四年五月 A Dissertation Submitted to China University of Geosciences for Doctoral Degree Study on Mountainous Landscape Ecology Assessment Based on GIS A Case Study in Sapa district, Laocai province, Vietnam Ph.D Candidate：KIEU QUOC LAP Major: Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering Study Orientation: Geographic Information System Supervisor：Prof Wu Xincai and Prof Liu Xiuguo China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P R China 中国地质大学（武汉）研究生学位论文原创性声明 本人以诚信声明：本人所呈交的博士学位论文《基于 GIS 的山景 观生态综合评价研究——以越南老街省沙巴县为例》，是本人在导师 的指导下，在中国地质大学（武汉）攻读博士学位期间独立进行研 究工作所取得的成果。论文中除已注明部分外不包含他人已发表或 撰写过的研究成果，对论文的完成提供过帮助的有关人员已在文中 说明并致以谢意。 本人所呈交的博士学位论文没有违反学术道德和学术规范，没 有侵权行为，并愿意承担由此而产生的法律责任和法律后果。 学位论文作者签名： 日 期： KIEU QUOC LAP 2014 年 月 28 日 中国地质大学（武汉）学位论文使用授权书 本人授权中国地质大学（武汉）可采用影印、缩印、数字化或 其它复制手段保存本学位论文；学校可向国家有关部门或机构送交 本学位论文的电子版全文，编入有关数据库进行检索、下载及文献 传递服务；同意在校园网内提供全文浏览和下载服务。 涉密论文解密后适用于本授权书。 学位论文作者签名： 日 KIEU QUOC LAP 期： 2014 年 月 28 日 作者简介 桥国立（Kieu Quoc Lap），男，越南国籍，1982 年 08 月生，越南老街省 宝胜县人。2005 年毕业于越南河内师范大学，获地理学学士学位；2008 年毕业 于越南河内师范大学自然地理学专业，获工学硕士学位，同年来太原科学大学 当教师，从事的主要研究方向为景观生态学、地图学与地理信息系统。 2010 年 09 月来中国学习了一年汉语，然后在中国地质大学（武汉）开始攻 读地图制图学与地理信息工程专业博士研究生。在博士研究生学习期间，共完 成 12 门课程的学习，累计学分 29.5 分。同时也在这段时间作者有六篇科学论 文已被录用，具体如下： Kieu Quoc Lap, Wu Xincai, Nguyen Tien Thanh Entropy problem simulation in Landscape Ecology assessment based on GIS: A case study of landscape conservation value assessment in Sapa district, Laocai province, Vietnam Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vols 295-298 (2013): 23732377 (2012 年可持续能源与环境工程国 际学术会议，EI 检索) Kieu Quoc Lap, Nguyen Tien Thanh 基于 GIS 和 AHP-GDM 在土地适宜性评价中的应用— 以越南老街省为例 地理与地理信息科学，2013，（29）：4850.（核心检索） Kieu Quoc Lap, Do Thi Van Huong Application of GIS in assessment the ecological adaptation of amomum armaticum in bio-climatic conditions of Laocai province Journal of Science and Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Vietnam, 2012, 93(05): 2933 (在越南发表) Kieu Quoc Lap, Nguyen Tien Thanh Applying GIS technique to create Land mapping unit for Agricultural land assessement of Sapa - Taphin area in Laocai province Vietnam Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2013, 12(04): 6872.(在越南发表) Kieu Quoc Lap, 吴信才，刘修国，Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy 基于 GIS 技术的森林景观保 存值评价研究中的熵模型模拟 地理与地理信息科学，2014， （30） ：3436（核心检索） Nguyen Tien Thanh, Liu Xiuguo, Wang Hongping, Kieu Quoc Lap, Dang Thai Son Ore Volume Measurement Based on 3D Laser Scanning Technique: a Case Study Advanced Materials Research, Vols 610-613 (2013): 37083714.（EI 检索） 基于 GIS 的山地景观生态综合评价研究 ——以越南老街省沙巴县为例 博士生：桥国立（KIEU QUOC LAP） 指导教师：吴信才 教授、刘修国 教授 摘 要 地理信息系统（GIS）作为一种有效的技术方法，已广泛应用于多种科学领域，其中包 括景观生态学研究。该论文以越南的沙巴县为研究地点。研究地点是越南的海拔最高的山 地县，也是一个非常特殊的自然地理区域，具有潜在的自然资源丰富，该地区地形复杂、 气候多异、植被类型纷繁、土母质多变，形成了对农林业是十分有利的的土壤资源。然而 沙巴也是越南最贫困的地区之一，主要表现在经济活动有限，自给自足的生产方式，自然 资源开发利用的效率不高，土地利用系数低。 本文以 GIS 为主要研究方法，针对山地景观生态进行分析与评价。本文总结了景观生 态学的研究现状，初步应用山地景观生态的理论基础及研究方法。在生态学理论、可持续 发展理论、系统理论和越南的热带季风生态理论的基础上，结合 GIS 空间分析方法以及包 括遥感图像处理法、统计数据收集和文献查阅法、野外调查法、农村快速评估法、定量分 析法在内的多种技术手段进行数据的收集处理和分析。基于上述研究，本文已采用了一些 GIS 模型在山地景观生态综合评价中的应用，如在作物生态适宜性评价中 ALES-GIS 模型、 在山地土地适宜性评价中 GIS 和 AHP-GDM 耦合模型。 本研究取得以下主要结论和成果: 1.建立了沙巴县山地景观生态综合评价研究的服务 GIS 数据库。利用所收集的数据（卫 星遥感影像、地形和土地利用现状的纸质图、行政区划空间数据、有关的统计年鉴数据及 文档数据等）建立了 GIS 数据库，包括空间数据库和非空间数据库。该数据库是沙巴县山 地景观生态分析评价与规划的基础，具有重要的作用。在山地景观生态评价分析过程中， 本研究主要采用地理信息系统的空间分析软件，如 Arcview 3.3 、ArcGIS 10.1、Mapinfo 10.0 以及遥感影像处理软件 Envi 4.6、Erdas Imagine 9.0。 2.根据上述 GIS 数据库，针对沙巴县山地景观生态格局进行分析，并建立了一系列山 地景观图。首先，通过沙巴县山地景观生态格局的单因子，深入分析山地景观的垂直格局 构成地形、地貌、土壤、气候和植被的五种主导自然要素。对每个要素进行了分析、分级 并在地图上可视地显示。在此基础上利用 GIS 空间叠加功能，将各景观单因子图叠加生成 综合景观生态图和山地景观分区图。分析结果表明沙巴县山地景观生态是非常复杂多样的， 全县共可分为 个景观生态组、87 个不同的景观类和 280 个不同的景观斑块。 3.针对山地农林业景观生态，本文对景观适宜性进行评价。在评价过程中，主要集中 在三个内容：第一，森林景观生态保存值评价，应用熵模型，基于 GIS 技术对森林景观指 数进行模拟，并确定森林景观保护的边界。第二，对一些主要农作物的景观生态适宜性评 价。采用 ALES-GIS 评价模型，选择果树、经济作物和药用作物三个农作物组对沙巴县景观 生态条件进行生态适宜性评价，评价结果以适宜性评价图的形式体现。第三，基于 GIS 和 AHP-GDM 模型的区域稳定土地适宜性评价，在专家提出的参考意见下对林地、果园用地、 工业原料用地、药材用地 种土地景观进行适宜性的分类。 4.提出了沙巴县山地农林业景观生态规划方案。在沙巴县山地景观生态分析评价的结 果与农林业发展现状的基础上，以可持续发展观点为主，确定了四个景观生态功能区，包 括生态保护区、生态缓冲区、生产与生态恢复区及生态农业区；同时提出了农作物的发展 规划优先的空间、森林发展优先的空间和生态保存优先的空间。 通过研究的成果和内容可知本文有以下创新点： 1.在越南老街省沙巴县，运用 GIS 技术进行景观生态综合评价研究，初步提出山地景 观生态评价研究理论框架、概念及内涵。 2.提出了山地景观生态分类与评价指标体系：沙巴县山地景观生态分类指标体系包括 景观组、景观类型、景观斑块和景观小区。针对沙巴县农林业景观生态特点，以可持续为 理论基础，建立一些作物生态适宜性评价指标。 3.建立了基于 GIS 技术的农林业景观生态功能分区编制技术体系，提出了沙巴县山地 农林业景观生态规划方案。 关键词：GIS 技术； 山地景观； 景观生态格局； 生态适宜性评价； 沙巴县 Study on Mountainous Landscape Ecology Assessment Based on GIS A Case Study in Sapa district, Laocai province, Vietnam Ph.D Candidate：KIEU QUOC LAP Supervisor：Prof Wu Xincai and Prof Liu Xiuguo ABSTRACT Geographic Information System (GIS) has become a very effective application that is being applied in many different fields including landscape ecology research The research area of this thesis is Sapa district which is the highest mountainous region in Vietnam This region possesses particular geographic features that containing mainly high mountains In other hand, the complex divided mountains lead to variously other natural conditions like climate, soil, vegetation systems, etc These natural conditions could give strong advantages to develop its economy especially in developing agriculture, forestry and tourism But this district could not use up effectively its resources Thereby, Sapa district is still the poorest district in Vietnam In order to meet objectives of sustainable development, we need more thorough researches to estimate its natural conditions, and put forward proposals to plan this territory suitably In this thesis, GIS is used as a mainstream approach to analyze and assess the ecological structure of mountainous region landscape This thesis sums up the research on landscape ecology, by initially building a theoretical basis and research methods for mountainous landscape ecology Furthermore, this application uses other theories in fields of ecology, sustainable development, systems and the tropical monsoon nature of Vietnam Research methods that supported this thesis include: fieldwork, remote sensing image processing, collecting statistical data, rural rapid assessment and quantitative analysis In particular, the thesis has established and successfully applied a number of integrated GIS models, such as ALES-GIS model for adapting assessment of plant ecology, AHP-GIS model for adapting assessment mountainous land, DEM model for analyzing terrain elevation, etc This study has made important results and achievements as followings: The GIS database system was built to adquately serve research and integrated assessment of mountainous region landscape ecological such as in Sapa district From the data collected such as satellite remote sensing images, paper topographic maps, land use map, administrative map, statistical yearbooks data, related texts and documents, etc… GIS data platform was built, including spatial data and attribute data This is an important database for spatial structure analysis, assessment and planning of mountainous landscape use in Sapa district Based on the GIS database, this thesis analyzed structure of mountainous landscape ecology and established system of landscape map for Sapa district Firstly, landscape ecological structure analysis was conducted according to form factor, which analyzed five natural elements forming vertical structure of the landscape These five natural elements were topography, geomorphology, soils, climate and vegetation Each of these factors were analyzed, decentralized and were shown on the visualization of map Under the help of overlay functions in GIS space, the composition maps were overlayed to form landscape ecological map and landscape ecological zoning map The analytical results show a differentiation complex of mountainous landscape in Sa Pa, whole territory was divided into groups of landscape, 20 areas of landscape, 87 types of landscape and 280 patches of landscape Focusing on agricultural and forest landscape of mountainous region, the study conducted level of adaptive landscape ecology assessment The assessment process mainly focused on three contents: The first was conservation value assessment of the forest landscape and Entropy mathematic model was applied, indicators of forest landscape was simulated to determine conservation boundary of the forest landscape based on GIS technology; The second assessment conducted level of adaptive landscape ecology for some agricultural crops, application ALES-GIS integration model in assessing ecological adaptation for groups of agricultural crops The assessment results have identified the specific level of adaptation and shown to be clear boundaries on adaptive assessment maps; The third, sustainable land assessment, application GIS and AHP-GDM model consult the experts, assessment results were categorized for the types of sustainable land landscape including forest land, land for fruit crops, land for industrial crops and land for medicinal plants This thesis recommends using rational planning of agricultural and forestry landscapes in Sapa district The basis for the proposed planning scheme is based on the results of analysis, landscape assessment, and the current state of agriculture and forestry development in Sapa district Take the perspective of sustainable development as a key, thesis has identified four zones of landscape function, which include: ecological protection zone, ecological buffer zone, ecological restoration zone and agro-ecological zone Simultaneously proposed space planning development of agricultural crops, space priority forest development and space ecology conservation Keywords: GIS, mountainous landscape, landscape structure, adaptive ecological assessment, Sapa district 106 KIEU QUOC LAP：基于 GIS 的山地景观生态综合评价研究 2014.5 [19] Turner M.G Landscape ecology in North America: past, 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20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 桃树 李树 Nt/n/s Nt/n/s Nt/n/s Nt/n/s Nt/n/s N Ns Ns Ns Ns N Ns Ns Ns Ns S3t/n/s Ns Ns Ns S3t/n/s S3t/n/s S3t/n/s Ns S3s S3s S1 S1 Np S1 Nt/n/s Nt/n/s Nt/n/s Nt/n/s Nt/n/s N Ns Ns Ns Ns N Ns Ns Ns Ns S3t/n/s Ns Ns Ns S3t/n/s S3t/n/s S3t/n/s Ns S3s S3s Ns Ns Np S1 山茶 Nt/n Nt/n/cp Nt/n Nt/n Ncp/t/n N Ncp S3cp/s S3s S3cp/s N S3cp/s S3s S3s S3cp/d S3cp Ncp S3cp/s S3s Ncp S3cp S2/r/s/d S3cp/r/s S3cp S3cp S3s S3cp/s Np S1 咖啡 草果 洋蓟 Nt/n Nt/n Nt/n Nt/n Nt/n N Nc S3t S3t S3t N S3s S3s S3s S3s S3 Nc S3s S3s Ns S3s S3s S3r/s/c S3c S3c S3s S3s/c Np S3s Nt/n/cp Nt/n Nt/n Nt/n/cp Nt/n N S3n S3n Ncp S3n/cp N S3n Ncp S3n/cp S3n/cp S3n S3n S3n Ncp S3n S3n Ncp S3n/cp S1 S1 Ncp S1 NC/cp/p Ncp Nt/n/s Nt/n/s Nt/n/s Nt/n/s Nt/n/s N Nn/s Nn/s Nn/s Nn/s N Nn/s Nn/s Nn/s Nn/s Nn Nn/s Nn/s Nn/s Nn Nn Nn Nn/s S3tp S3tp Ns Ns Np S1 KIEU QUOC LAP：基于 GIS 的山地景观生态综合评价研究 116 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 S1 S1 Np S3s S3s S3s S3s S3s S3s S3s Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Np S3s S3s Ns Ns Ns Np N S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns S2c S2s S1 S3s S3s S1 S3s S3s S3s S3s Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns S2 S3s S3s Ns Ns Ns Np N S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns S3cp S2s/cg/c Np S3cp S2r/s/c S3cp S3cp S2cp/r/s/ S2r/s/d S3cp S3cp/s S3s S3cp/s Ncp S3cp/s S3s S3s Np S2r/s/d/C S3cp S3cp/s S3s S3cp/s Np N S3cp/r S3r S3cp/r S3r S3r S3cp/r S3cp/r S3r S3r Ncp S3cp/r/s S3r/s S3r/s S3cp/r/s S3r/s S3cp/r/s Ncp S3cp/r/s S3r/s S3c S2s Np S3c S2s S3c S3c S3t S3t S3c S3s/c S3s S3s/c Nc/k S3s/c S3s S3s Np S3t S3c S3s/c S3s S3s/c Np N S3r/c S3r S3r/c S3r S3r S3r/c S3r/c S3r S3r Nc S3r/s/c S3r/s S3r/s S3r/s/c S3r/s S3r/s/c Nc S3r/s/c S3r/s S3C/cp Ncp NC/cp/p S1 Ncp S3cp S1 Ncp Ncp S3cp S1 Ncp S3cp S1 S1 Ncp Ncp NC/cp/p Ncp S3C/cp S1 Ncp S3C/cp N/cp/p N S2r Ncp S2r Ncp Ncp S3cp S2r Ncp Ncp S2r S2r Ncp Ncp S3cp Ncp S3cp S2r S2r Ncp 2014.5 S2C S2s/C Np S3tp S3tp S3tp S3tp S3tp S3tp S3tp Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Np S2r/s/C S2r/s/C Ns Ns Ns Np N S3r/tp S3r/tp S3r/tp S3r/tp S3r/tp S3r/tp S3r/tp S3r/tp S3r/tp Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns Ns 中国地质大学博士学位论文 2014.5 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 Ns Np S3r/s S3r/d N Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk/p Ns Np S3r/s S3r/d N Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk/p S3r/s Np S3r Np N S3cp/r S3r S3cp/r S3r S3r S3r/d S3r/d S3cp/r/d Np 117 S3r/s Np S2/s S2/p S3cp S2s/cg/c S2/p S1 S1 S3cp S3cp S1 S2r/s/d S2/d Ncp N/cp/p Ncp N/cp/p N NC NC/cp NC NC/cp NC/cp NC/cp NC/cp NC N/cp/p Ns Np S3r S3r N Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk Nk/p 附录表 2：沙巴县森林景观生态多样性分析结果 （熵模型的指数） 乡和镇 MPS PSCOV MPE MSI AWMSI MPFD SDI SEI 全县 900263.33 176.88 3862.09 1.46 1.48 1.26 1.85 0.77 湖寨 1023986.81 107.98 4681.97 1.64 1.58 1.27 1.59 0.77 宽寨 奉寨 993261.82 924033.13 101.91 95.00 4678.65 4276.18 1.41 1.29 1.44 1.48 1.24 1.22 1.28 1.01 0.93 0.92 喉操 89333.12 123.54 1359.80 1.30 1.60 1.27 0.61 0.55 老寨 楠刚 797656.46 4118087.70 148.59 83.20 3366.83 9053.90 1.32 1.37 1.35 1.43 1.25 1.22 1.35 1.51 0.84 0.94 楠岑 690361.43 131.88 3621.71 1.36 1.60 1.25 1.18 0.85 三岔湖 下坝 1203532.19 689493.77 173.94 84.14 3712.30 3453.28 1.31 1.38 1.32 1.35 1.25 1.28 1.69 0.92 0.94 0.66 水头 1018454.60 111.90 4693.29 1.43 1.53 1.24 1.50 0.93 石盘 大江评 90860.87 848016.56 184.17 68.54 1364.89 4699.14 1.38 1.48 1.69 1.59 1.29 1.25 1.45 0.98 0.90 0.89 大坪 629216.71 116.02 4004.04 1.57 1.66 1.26 0.62 0.57 大湾 青金 2447357.06 309133.04 138.74 64.67 6848.47 2664.64 1.56 1.39 1.46 1.47 1.25 1.26 1.69 1.08 0.94 0.78 青福 381226.95 42.09 3155.37 1.47 1.48 1.26 0.97 0.89 沙巴镇 中寨 546005.77 810506.86 129.69 93.05 3454.34 4379.29 1.39 1.55 1.69 1.54 1.25 1.26 0.67 0.86 0.61 0.79 的名 KIEU QUOC LAP：基于 GIS 的山地景观生态综合评价研究 118 乡和镇 的名 湖寨 宽寨 奉寨 喉操 老寨 楠刚 楠岑 下坝 三岔湖 石盘 水头 大江评 大坪 大湾 青金 青福 中寨 沙巴镇 全县 附录表 3：沙巴毛桃树的景观生态适宜各程度评价结果 适宜面积(hm ) 总面积(hm ) S1 S2 S3 N 0.0 325.7 1450.3 9663.0 11439 372.4 706.4 1385.2 3199.0 5663 0.0 227.8 298.3 2490.9 3017 103.3 111.6 125.7 566.5 907 249.2 293.8 851.2 1433.7 2828 0.0 21.6 1726.8 5319.6 7068 0.0 71.0 613.8 1785.2 2470 333.7 815.9 166.4 1018.0 2334 662.5 200.2 867.1 4033.2 5763 112.8 178.3 114.3 527.6 933 0.0 456.6 1036.5 1498.9 2992 0.0 174.4 1061.6 1187.0 2423 23.3 353.3 826.0 1522.4 2725 216.1 723.8 1261.8 4557.3 6759 0.0 293.0 817.4 960.6 2071 0.0 393.3 563.9 1105.8 2063 0.0 927.3 951.3 2121.4 4000 877.6 527.5 688.6 315.3 2409 2950.9 6801.5 14806.2 43305.4 67864 乡和镇 的名 湖寨 宽寨 奉寨 喉操 老寨 楠刚 楠岑 下坝 三岔湖 石盘 水头 大江评 大坪 大湾 青金 青福 中寨 沙巴镇 全县 附录表 4：绿梨树的景观生态适宜各程度评价结果 适宜面积(hm ) 总面积(hm ) S1 S2 S3 N 0.0 325.7 2450.3 8663.0 11439 0.0 706.4 1385.2 3571.4 5663 0.0 321.8 298.3 2396.9 3017 214.3 218.4 125.7 348.6 907 665.6 421.8 527．7 1212.9 2828 0.0 21.6 1726.8 5319.6 7068 0.0 71.0 613.8 1785.2 2470 425.9 515.9 606.4 785.8 2334 571.3 708.5 467.1 4016.1 5763 231.4 198.3 114.3 389.0 933 0.0 856.6 1136.5 998.9 2992 0.0 174.4 1061.6 1187.0 2423 23.3 421.7 826.0 1454.0 2725 329.6 723.8 1261.8 4443.8 6759 0.0 493.0 517.4 1060.6 2071 0.0 453.1 563.9 1046.0 2063 0.0 742.1 1051.3 2206.6 4000 877.6 527.5 698.6 305.3 2409 3339.0 7901.6 15432.7 41190.7 67864 2014.5 中国地质大学博士学位论文 2014.5 乡和镇 的名 湖寨 宽寨 奉寨 喉操 老寨 楠刚 楠岑 下坝 三岔湖 石盘 水头 大江评 大坪 大湾 青金 青福 中寨 沙巴镇 全县 乡和镇 的名 湖寨 宽寨 奉寨 喉操 老寨 楠刚 楠岑 下坝 三岔湖 石盘 水头 大江评 大坪 大湾 青金 青福 中寨 沙巴镇 全县 附录表 5： 山茶树的景观生态适宜各程度评价结果 适宜面积(hm ) 总面积(hm ) S1 S2 S3 N 51.2 1315.6 4406.7 5665.5 11439 426.5 674.1 1270.0 3292.4 5663 0.0 48.6 1786.0 1182.4 3017 103.3 111.6 315.6 376.5 907 49.2 565.9 712.9 1500.0 2828 0.0 87.6 2152.8 4827.6 7068 0.0 141.6 759.4 1569.0 2470 841.2 632.7 316.2 543.9 2334 0.0 228.8 1908.6 3625.6 5763 0.0 142.5 505.8 284.7 933 0.0 269.4 2437.2 285.4 2992 112.0 174.4 1250.1 886.5 2423 726.4 627.9 718.3 652.4 2725 0.0 221.2 3654.1 2883.7 6759 0.0 293.6 818.7 958.7 2071 0.0 113.8 1702.6 246.6 2063 98.4 125.7 1823.6 1952.3 4000 125.6 340.3 1734.7 208.4 2409 2533.8 6115.3 28273.3 30941.6 67864 附录表 6：咖啡树的景观生态适宜各程度评价结果 适宜面积 (hm ) 总面积(hm ) S1 S2 S3 N 275.4 2315.6 3406.7 5441.3 11439 0.0 474.1 2136.4 3052.5 5663 43.8 1078.3 987.8 907.1 3017 0.0 94.6 246.5 565.9 907 0.0 105.9 713.4 2008.7 2828 0.0 687.0 3152.8 3228.2 7068 54.1 1211.6 1109.4 94.9 2470 0.0 449.4 885.2 999.4 2334 0.0 0.0 725.9 5037.1 5763 0.0 92.5 535.8 304.7 933 612.5 1340.5 787.2 251.8 2992 0.0 574.4 812.1 1036.5 2423 0.0 97.9 943.7 1683.4 2725 0.0 421.2 1351.4 4986.4 6759 315.6 493.6 958.7 303.1 2071 654.1 826.3 582.6 0.0 2063 0.0 1125.7 2019.8 854.5 4000 0.0 0.0 913.6 1495.4 2409 1955.5 11388.6 22269.0 32250.9 67864 119 KIEU QUOC LAP：基于 GIS 的山地景观生态综合评价研究 120 乡和镇 的名 湖寨 宽寨 奉寨 喉操 老寨 楠刚 楠岑 下坝 三岔湖 石盘 水头 大江评 大坪 大湾 青金 青福 中寨 沙巴镇 全县 附录表 7： 草果树的景观生态适宜程度评价结果 适宜面积(hm ) 总面积(hm ) S1 S2 S3 N 236.8 1315.6 3406.7 6479.9 11439 125.9 674.1 431.1 4431.9 5663 0.0 248.6 438.0 2330.4 3017 198.4 411.6 38.2 258.8 907 337.7 565.9 879.2 1045.2 2828 0.0 1268.5 1952.7 3846.8 7068 0.0 211.6 1159.4 1099.0 2470 98.3 549.4 31.2 1655.1 2334 774.9 1028.8 1088.6 2870.7 5763 298.1 42.5 435.8 156.6 933 1012.8 369.4 637.2 972.6 2992 0.0 174.4 512.1 1736.5 2423 214.8 623.7 549.3 1337.2 2725 435.7 421.2 789.2 5112.9 6759 602.4 114.1 818.7 535.8 2071 698.1 213.8 482.6 668.5 2063 0.0 825.7 723.5 2450.8 4000 825.6 97.3 912.5 573.6 2409 5859.5 9156.2 15286.0 37562.3 67864 乡和镇 的名 湖寨 宽寨 奉寨 喉操 老寨 楠刚 楠岑 下坝 三岔湖 石盘 水头 大江评 大坪 大湾 青金 青福 中寨 沙巴镇 全县 附录表 8：洋蓟树的景观生态适宜程度评价结果 适宜面积(hm ) 总面积(hm ) S1 S2 S3 N 0.0 1043.6 406.7 9988.7 11439 0.0 791.5 1684.3 3187.2 5663 0.0 48.6 980.5 1987.9 3017 223.3 111.6 317.4 254.7 907 749.2 703.8 568.1 806.9 2828 0.0 108.8 952.8 6006.4 7068 0.0 0.0 659.4 1810.6 2470 333.7 382.3 702.9 915.1 2334 662.5 1200.2 405.7 3494.6 5763 91.7 0.0 135.8 705.5 933 0.0 369.4 987.2 1635.4 2992 0.0 104.4 861.6 1457.0 2423 14.5 22.7 647.3 2040.5 2725 86.2 723.8 914.7 5034.3 6759 0.0 213.6 618.7 1238.7 2071 0.0 213.8 382.6 1466.6 2063 0.0 578.6 327.8 3093.6 4000 807.6 315.7 941.2 344.5 2409 2968.7 6932.4 12494.7 45468.2 67864 2014.5 [...]... và ứng dụng thành công một số mô hình tích hợp GIS như mô hình ALES -GIS trong đánh giá thích nghi sinh thái cây trồng, mô hình AHP -GIS trong đánh giá thích nghi đất đai miền núi, mô hình số hóa độ cao DEM trong phân tích địa hình địa mạo Trong quá trình nghiên cứu, luận án đã đạt được một số kết quả chủ yếu sau: 1 Xây dựng được hệ thống cơ sở dữ liệu GIS phục vụ nghiên cứu đánh giá tổng hợp cảnh quan. . .Ứng dụng công nghệ GIS trong nghiên cứu đánh giá tổng hợp Sinh thái Cảnh quan miền núi (Trường hợp nghiên cứu ứng dụng tại huyện Sa Pa, tỉnh Lào Cai, Việt Nam) Nghiên cứu sinh KIỀU QUỐC LẬP Hướng dẫn khoa học：GS.TS NGÔ TÍN TÀI và GS.TS LƯU TU QUỐC Luận án được thực hiện tại: Trường đại học địa chất Trung Quốc TÓM TẮT Hệ thống thông tin địa lí (GIS) đang trở thành một phương pháp ứng dụng rất... cảnh quan miền núi huyện Sa Pa, toàn huyện phân thành 3 nhóm cảnh quan, 20 tiểu vùng cảnh quan, 87 loại hình cảnh quan và 280 khoanh vi cảnh quan khác nhau 3 Lấy cảnh quan nông lâm nghiệp miền núi là đối tượng nghiên cứu chủ đạo, luận án tiến hành đánh giá mức độ thích nghi sinh thái cảnh quan nông lâm nghiệp huyện Sa Pa Trong quá trình đánh giá, tập trung chủ yếu vào 3 nội dung: Một là, đánh giá giá... một trong những huyện miền núi nghèo của Việt Nam Để đáp ứng mục tiêu phát triển bền vững cần phải có những nghiên cứu, đánh giá các điều kiện tự nhiên nhằm đưa ra những định hướng quy hoạch lãnh thổ một cách hợp lí Trong luận án này tác giả sử dụng GIS như là một phương pháp chủ đạo để phân tích đánh giá cấu trúc sinh thái cảnh quan miền núi Luận án đã tổng kết các nghiên cứu về sinh thái cảnh quan. .. Một là, đánh giá giá trị bảo tồn của cảnh quan rừng, mô hình toán Entropy được ứng dụng, các chỉ số cảnh quan rừng được mô phỏng trên nền công nghệ GIS để xác định ranh giới bảo tồn cảnh quan rừng; Hai là, đánh giá mức độ thích nghi sinh thái cảnh quan đối với một số cây trồng nông nghiệp chủ đạo, ứng dụng mô hình tích hợp ALES -GIS trong đánh giá thích nghi sinh thái với 3 nhóm cây trồng, kết quả xác... trọng phục vụ phân tích cấu trúc không gian, đánh giá và quy hoạch sử dụng cảnh quan miền núi huyện Sa Pa 2 Dựa vào cơ sở dữ liệu GIS, luận án tiến hành phân tích cấu trúc sinh thái cảnh quan miền núi huyện Sa Pa và thành lập hệ thống các bản đồ sinh thái cảnh quan Trước tiên, cấu trúc sinh thái cảnh quan huyện Sa Pa được tiến hành phân tích theo các yếu tố đơn, trong đó đi sâu vào phân tích 5 yếu tố chính... luận và phương pháp nghiên cứu đánh giá sinh thái cảnh quan miền núi Trong đó, ứng dụng các lí luận về sinh thái học, lí luận về phát triển bền vững, lí luận hệ thống và lí luận về tính chất nhiệt đới gió mùa của Việt Nam Các phương pháp nghiên cứu bổ trợ bao gồm: phương pháp điều tra thực địa, phương pháp xử lí ảnh viễn thám, phương pháp thu thập dữ liệu thống kê, phương pháp đánh giá nhanh nông thôn... đồ đánh giá thích nghi; Ba là, đánh giá thích nghi bền vững đất đai, ứng dụng mô hình GIS và AHP-GDM có sự tham khảo ý kiến các chuyên gia, kết quả đánh giá đã phân hạng thích nghi bền vững đối với 4 loại cảnh quan đất là đất lâm nghiệp, đất trồng cây ăn quả, đất trồng cây công nghiệp và đất trồng cây dược liệu 4 Luận án đề xuất các kiến nghị quy hoạch sử dụng hợp lí cảnh quan nông lâm nghiệp miền núi. .. ứng của cảnh quan là địa hình, địa mạo, thổ nhưỡng, khí hậu và thảm thực vật Mỗi một yếu tố được tiến hành phân tích, phân cấp và được thể hiện trên các bản đồ trực quan Dưới sự trợ giúp của chức năng chồng xếp không gian trong GIS, các bản đồ thành phần được chồng xếp tạo thành bản đồ sinh thái cảnh quan tổng hợp và bản đồ phân vùng cảnh quan Kết quả phân tích thể hiện sự phân hóa phức tạp của cảnh. .. để đề xuất các phương án quy hoạch là dựa vào kết quả phân tích, đánh giá cảnh quan và hiện trạng phát triển nông lâm nghiệp của huyện Sa Pa, lấy quan điểm phát triển bền vững làm chủ, đề tài đã xác định được 4 vùng chức năng cảnh quan, bao gồm: vùng bảo vệ sinh thái, vùng đệm sinh thái, vùng phục hồi sinh thái và vùng nông nghiệp sinh thái; đồng thời kiến nghị không gian quy hoạch phát triển các cây ... Keywords: GIS, mountainous landscape, landscape structure, adaptive ecological assessment, Sapa district Ứng dụng công nghệ GIS nghiên cứu đánh giá tổng hợp Sinh thái Cảnh quan miền núi (Trường hợp nghiên. .. hợp lí Trong luận án tác giả sử dụng GIS phương pháp chủ đạo để phân tích đánh giá cấu trúc sinh thái cảnh quan miền núi Luận án tổng kết nghiên cứu sinh thái cảnh quan tác giả trước, bước đầu xây... gian, đánh giá quy hoạch sử dụng cảnh quan miền núi huyện Sa Pa Dựa vào sở liệu GIS, luận án tiến hành phân tích cấu trúc sinh thái cảnh quan miền núi huyện Sa Pa thành lập hệ thống đồ sinh thái cảnh