19 June 2010 MC CH Kh trựng nc thi nhm phỏ hy, trit b cỏc lai vi khun gõy bnh nguy him cha c hoc khụng th kh b quỏ trỡnh x lý nc thi TRN TH NGC DIU 19 June 2010 CC VI SINH VT TRONG NC KH TRNG 19 June 2010 CC PHNG PHP KH TRNG Hypoclorit canxi dng bt Ca(ClO)2 ( 5% ) Hypoclorit natri, nc javel NaClO Clorua vụi, CaOCl2 Ozon (sn xut t khụng khớ bng mỏy to ozon) Ozon sn xut c dn vo b hũa tan v tip xỳc E Coli TRN TH NGC DIU Coliphage Protozoan KH TRNG Tia cc tớm (UV) ốn thy ngõn ỏp lc thp phỏt ốnphỏt tia cc tớm c t ngp dũng chy nc thi TRN TH NGC DIU KH TRNG 19 June 2010 KH TRNG BNG CLO V HP CHT CA CLO 19 June 2010 KH TRNG BNG CLO V HP CHT CA CLO Tc ca quỏ trỡnh kh trựng: Tng tng nng cht kh trựng Tng nhit nc tng Dng khụng phõn ly ca cht kh trựng (Dng khụng phõn ly cao hiu qu kh trựng cao) Gim nc cú cỏc cht hu c, SS v cỏc cht kh khỏc TRN TH NGC DIU KH TRNG TRN TH NGC DIU KH TRNG 19 June 2010 19 June 2010 CC PHN NG CC PHN NG S phõn ly HOCl ph thuc vo nng H+ cú nc, (pH ca nc nc) S dng Clo Cl2 + H2O HOCl + HCl Hoc Cl2 + H2O 2H+ + OCl- + Quỏ trỡnh phõn ly xy hon ton pH > 4, 250C, hng s phõn ly ca Clo nc: Cl- S dng clorua vụi K= Ca(OCl)2 + H2O CaO + 2HOCl = 4,05.10-4 [Cl2] Vi HOCl nhit 00C K = 1,5.10-8 100C K = 2.10-8 250C K = 2.10-8 2HOCl 2H+ + 2OCl- TRN TH NGC DIU [HOCl] [H+] [Cl-] KH TRNG TRN TH NGC DIU KH TRNG MC PHN LY CA HOCl PH THUC VO 19 June 2010 10 11 OCl-, % 0,05 0,05 2,50 21 75 97 99,5 99,9 HOCl, % 99,95 99,5 97,5 79 25 0,5 0,1 Khi pH tng, nng HOCl gim lm hiu qu kh trựng gim tng ng Haứm lửụùn g CC DNG TN TI CA CLO TRONG NC pH, NHIT 200C pH 19 June 2010 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Cl2, % HOCl, % OCl-, % TRN TH NGC DIU KH TRNG pH 10 11 12 13 14 10 TRN TH NGC DIU KH TRNG 19 June 2010 TNG QUAN GIA pH VI NNG HOCl KHễNG PHN LY V T L VI TRNG E.COLI B DIT SAU 30 PHT 19 June 2010 TNG QUAN GIA pH V THI GIAN KH TRNG CN THIT 180% 100% ng cong 1: Hm lng HOCl khụng phõn ly theo pH ca nc tớnh theo % 80 60 ng cong 2: S % E.coli b tiờu dit sau 30 phỳt 40 20 Thi gian cn thit dit 99% E.coli cú nc hm lng clo bng 0,1 mg/l (phỳt) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 10 12 pH TRN TH NGC DIU 11 KH TRNG TRN TH NGC DIU 12 10 11 pH KH TRNG 19 June 2010 Trong nc cú amoniac, mui amoni cht hu c cú cha nhụm amoni, thỡ clo, HOCl, OClphn ng vi chỳng to thnh monocloramin v dicloramin NH2Cl + H2O % clo cú NHCl2 CC PHN NG HOCl + NH3 19 June 2010 T S GIA MONOCLORAMIN (I) V DICLORAMIN (II) NG VI CC GI TR pH KHC NHAU 200C 80% I: Vựng monocloramin 60 I 40 II: Vựng dicloramin II 20 HOCl + NH2Cl NHCl2 + H2O pH ca nc HOCl + NHCl2 NCl3 + H2O TRN TH NGC DIU 13 KH TRNG 14 TRN TH NGC DIU KH TRNG 19 June 2010 T S GIA MONOCLORAMIN (I) V DICLORAMIN (II) NG VI CC GI TR pH KHC NHAU 200C Tr s pH cng cao thỡ lng clo kt hp thnh dicloramin cng ớt v monocloramin cng cao Kh nng dit trựng gim (do kh nng dit trựng ca monocloramin t ữ ln) So vi clo, kh nng dit trựng ca dicloramin thp hn 20 ữ 25 ln Clo kt hp vi amoniac to thnh cloramin gi l clo kt hp 19 June 2010 S THAY I KH NNG KH TRNG CA CLORAMIN THEO pH CA NC KHI LNG Clo L 0,8 mg/l v NH3 L 0,2 mg/l T l vi trựng b tiờu dit 100% 80 1: Thi gian tip xỳc 10 phỳt 60 40 2: Thi gian tip xỳc 30 phỳt 20 11 pH ca nc TRN TH NGC DIU 15 KH TRNG TRN TH NGC DIU 16 KH TRNG LIU LNG D CN THIT CA CLO T DO V 19 June 2010 CLORAMIN NG VI CC GI TR pH KHC NHAU Hm lng clo d nc (tớnh theo Cl2), mg/l 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 TRN TH NGC DIU 2: Lng cloramin d cn cú sau 60 phỳt tip xỳc vi nc B TIP XC KH TRNG 1: Lng clo t nc sau 10 phỳt 19 June 2010 pH ca nc 10 17 KH TRNG 18 TRN TH NGC DIU 19 June 2010 KH TRNG 19 June 2010 THIT B PHA CH CLO LIU LNG CLO Liu lng clo: Nc thi sau x lý c hc: 10g/m3 Nc thi sau x lý sinh hc khụng hũan tũan b aerotank hoc b biophin cao ti: 5g/m3 Nc thi sau x lý sinh hc hũan tũan: 3g/m3 Lng clo d: 0,5mg/l TRN TH NGC DIU 19 KH TRNG TRN TH NGC DIU 20 KH TRNG 19 June 2010 KH TRNG BNG OZON 19 June 2010 KH TRNG BNG OZON Ozon khụng bn vng, b phõn hy rt nhanh thnh khớ oxy khụng lu tr m phi dựng mỏy sn xut ti ni s dng Nguyờn tc sn xut ozon: cho oxy qua thit b phúng ti la in Mỏy phỏt tia la in gm hai in cc kim loi t cỏch mt khong cho khụng khớ i qua Cp dũng in xoay chiu vo cỏc in cc to tia h quang Khụng khớ i qua khe h gia cỏc in cc chuyn mt phn oxy thnh ozon TRN TH NGC DIU 21 KH TRNG TRN TH NGC DIU 22 19 June 2010 KH TRNG BNG OZON KH TRNG 19 June 2010 KH TRNG BNG OZON Khụng khớ va l ngun cung cp oxy va l cht in mụi san u in tớch phúng trờn tũan b mt in cc, ngn cn hin tng phúng in quỏ ti cc b Sn phm ph ca quỏ trỡnh sn xut ozon l nhit lng Hiu qu ph thuc vo: Cht lng nc Cng khuy trn Thi gian tip xỳc nhit cao ozon sn xut rt d b phõn hy Lp t thit b lm lnh in cc mỏy sn xut ozon TRN TH NGC DIU 23 KH TRNG TRN TH NGC DIU 24 KH TRNG 19 June 2010 19 June 2010 U IM CA OZON KH TRNG BNG OZON Da vo thi gian tip xỳc t 48 phỳt, thit k loi b hũa tan v khuy trn ozon vo nc: Khụng mựi i qua lp lc ni Dựng ejector Gim nhu cu oxy nc Dựng cỏnh khuy hũa tan khớ Gim nng cht hu c Gim nng cỏc cht hot tớnh b mt Kh mu, phenol, xianua Tng nng oxy hũa tan Khụng cú sn phm ph gõy c hi Tng tc lng ca cỏc ht l lng TRN TH NGC DIU 25 KH TRNG TRN TH NGC DIU 26 KH TRNG 19 June 2010 NHC IM CA OZON Vn u t cao Tiờu tn nng lng in 19 June 2010 KH NNG KH TRNG CA OZON hũa tan ca ozon ln gp 13 ln so vi oxy Khi mi cho ozon vo, kh nng dit trựng rt ớt Khi liu lng thỡ oxy húa cht hu c v vi khun nc tỏc dng kh ca ozon nhanh gp 3100 ln so vi clo Thi gian kh trựng xy khong t ữ gi TRN TH NGC DIU 27 KH TRNG TRN TH NGC DIU 28 KH TRNG 19 June 2010 KH NNG KH TRNG CA OZON 19 June 2010 KH TRNG BNG PHNG PHP IN PHN Cỏc loi in phõn Lng ozon cn kh trựng t 0, 20, mg/l Thi gian lõu: (khong phỳt) ozon tỏc dng tiờu dit virut rt mnh Kh nng s dng ozon x lý nc Kh cht rn nc Tng pH, CO2 thoỏt Chuyn NH4+ NO3- Nng O3 > 1mg/l; gõy c hi cho ngi qun lý hnh bin phỏp ngn nga TRN TH NGC DIU 29 KH TRNG in phõn khụng b sung cỏc hp cht clo in phõn dung dch mui n, sau ú a nc vo kh trựng 30 TRN TH NGC DIU 19 June 2010 KH TRNG BNG PHNG PHP IN PHN KH TRNG 19 June 2010 KH TRNG BNG PHNG PHP IN PHN Clorua vụi CaOCl2 in phõn dung dch mui NaCl: cc dng phõn tỏch ion clo 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e Cl2 + H2O HClO + HCl Cl2 + OH- HClO + ClCc õm din quỏ trỡnh liờn kt phõn t nc H2O + e = OH- + H+ Ion OH- CaOCl2 + 2H2O 2HClO + CaCl2 + Ca(OH)2 HClO H+ + ClO- To thnh sn phm dit khun HOCl v ClONh vy, thc cht ca quỏ trỡnh in phõn mui n kh trựng cng l quỏ trỡnh clo hoỏ liờn kt vi ion Na+ li dung dch HClO + NaOH = NaHClO + H2O NaClO + H2O = NaOH + HClO TRN TH NGC DIU 31 KH TRNG TRN TH NGC DIU 32 KH TRNG 19 June 2010 LIU LNG HO CHT CN THIT Lng clo hat tớnh cn thit kh trựng: Vmax = a ì Qmax (kg/h) Trong ú: Qmax: lu lng ti a ca nc thi (m3/h) a: liu lng clo hat tớnh 34 TRN TH NGC DIU 19 June 2010 LIU LNG HO CHT CN THIT 19 June 2010 LIU LNG HO CHT CN THIT 100 ì a ì Qmax P qmax = Trong ú: Qmax: lu lng ti a ca nc thi (m3/h) a: liu lng clo hat tớnh (g/m3) P: hm lng clo hat tớnh (%) clorua vụi thng ly bng 30% TRN TH NGC DIU 35 KH TRNG Liu lng ti a ca dung dch clo (clo lng v vụi): Nu s dng clorua vụi: X max = (g/m3) KH TRNG 100 ì a ì Qmax P ì Cclorua Cclorua: Hm lng clo dung dch g/l Hm lng hot tớnh dung dch clorua vụi c xỏc nh bi quan h: Cclo hot tớnh = PCclorua/100 i vi clo lng thỡ nng clo hot tớnh bng nng clo nc, ngha l Cclo.ht = Cclo TRN TH NGC DIU 36 KH TRNG 19 June 2010 19 June 2010 THIT B THIT B Dung tớch hu ớch ca thựng: Thit b: W = aQ/1000.b.n Thựng ho trn, Trong ú: Thựng nh lng, Q lu lng trung bỡnh ca nc cn kh trựng, m3/ngy Thựng dung dch Thựng ho trn: trn clorua vụi vi nc to dung dch dng sa: a liu lng clo hot tớnh Nng 25% b nng dung dch clorua vụi, ly khụng ln hn 25% n s ln hũa trn clorua vụi ngy, ly khong ln ph thuc vo cụng sut trm TRN TH NGC DIU 37 KH TRNG TRN TH NGC DIU 38 19 June 2010 THIT B KH TRNG 19 June 2010 KH TRNG BNG CLO LNG Thựng nh lng: thng cú hỡnh ovan trờn mt bng, Dn clo trc tip vo nc thi hoc qua clorator Kớch thc: 0,5 x 0,4 x 0,5m (D x R x C) Clorator hot ng liờn tc: a mt lng clo c nh vo nc thi mt thi gian xỏc nh s dng i vi nhng trm cú cụng sut 25 50kg clo/h Phõn loi clorator: Clorator hot ng theo t l: lng clo qua clorator t ng thay i theo tớnh cht v lu lng nc thi ỏp dng i vi nhng trm cú cụng sut khụng ln Clorator chõn khụng hot ng liờn tc clo c gi di ỏp lc thp hn ỏp sut ca khụng khớ ú hi clo khụng bay ngoi mụi trng xung quanh TRN TH NGC DIU 39 KH TRNG TRN TH NGC DIU 40 KH TRNG ... pH ca nc tớnh theo % 80 60 ng cong 2: S % E.coli b tiờu dit sau 30 phỳt 40 20 Thi gian cn thit dit 99% E.coli cú nc hm lng clo bng 0,1 mg/l (phỳt) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 10 12 pH TRN... pH KHC NHAU Hm lng clo d nc (tớnh theo Cl2), mg/l 2.0 1.8 1 .6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0 .6 0.4 0.2 TRN TH NGC DIU 2: Lng cloramin d cn cú sau 60 phỳt tip xỳc vi nc B TIP XC KH TRNG 1: Lng clo t nc sau... CLO LIU LNG CLO Liu lng clo: Nc thi sau x lý c hc: 10g/m3 Nc thi sau x lý sinh hc khụng hũan tũan b aerotank hoc b biophin cao ti: 5g/m3 Nc thi sau x lý sinh hc hũan tũan: 3g/m3 Lng clo d: 0,5mg/l