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the management of environmental quality
THE MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY TOURIST AREAS IN DA LAT CITY TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Pham The Anh Lecturer - Faculty of Environmental Science - Yersin University of Da Lat ABSTRACT Today, tourism has become an indispensable demand in social life and development of increasingly rapid pace. Da Lat is a city with great tourist potential. Da Lat city has many beautiful landscapes, cultural relics, fresh air. This makes it become a strong tourism industry. The environment of tourism in Da Lat City is one of the healthy places, but now the environment has affected a lot. In this particular, the environment management is the main problems to be solved. The initial results of this research give us a basic overview of the environment and GIS database to propose solutions managing environmental quality of tourist with sustainable development in Da Lat city. Keywords: environment, sustainable development, environmental management, tourism area. 1. INTRODUCTION Today, tourism has become an indispensable demand in social life and development of increasingly rapid pace. Specifically, ecotourism - the kind of resort for people to help restore health and regain the spirit of the working day fatigue, stress often occurs in life. Da Lat is a city with great tourist potential. Da Lat city has many beautiful landscapes, cultural relics, fresh air. This makes it become a strong tourism industry. Tourism development is accompanied by environmental pollution is increasing, particularly in tourism, where ecological environment is very sensitive and fragmented, difficult to manage. Besides awareness of tourists and businessmen in the tourism sector is weak, they just know to run profit without embellishment and environmental protection in tourism areas. Situation of environmental quality and ecosystem in a tourist area in Da Lat more changes for the worse today that it is probably in the best environment and ecosystems have as the management environment here has become an issue needs attention and become increasingly urgent. 2. CONTENT AND RESEARCH METHODS § Audience research is mainly environmental status of air and water quality in tourist areas have been put into operation and tourism projects have been granted an investment license. § Content Research: Survey and assess the status of environmental quality of air and water quality in tourist areas have been put into operation and tourism projects were granted investment licenses, construction of GIS data management for environmental quality in tourist areas and ultimately proposing solutions to manage environmental quality of tourism towards sustainable development. § Research Methodology: Secondary data on the state of environmental quality in Da Lat city is collected at the Management environment monitoring and environmental monitoring under the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Lam Dong, data base map data is collected at the Department of Dalat city map. Primary data collected through field surveys, the actual measurement of environmental parameters like air: t0, light intensity, noise, radioactivity, CO2, NOx, SOx, total dust. For the tourist areas are lakes, rivers and streams will quickly measure several parameters such as t0, pH, conductivity, DO by the measuring device quickly. 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1. The main impact from tourism activities a) Impact on the natural environment § Water pollution (groundwater, surface water) because of waste, exploitation of resources is not rational, not a solution appropriate exploitation of natural resources). § Harm the natural flora and fauna (due to overexploitation for food, souvenirs, affecting the living conditions .). § Air pollution caused by traffic density, overcrowded boats and people focus on a number of times. § Pollution and degradation of land resources due to waste and not handled erosion. b) Environmental impact of economic, cultural – social: As positive: § To enhance the income of local people. § To interest on the land value. § To create jobs. Figure 1: Location of study area.Figure 1: Location of study area. As negative: § To narrow the living area of the local community. § To increase social division in the community when there is no equity in the distribution of income generated. § The value of assets and the cost of living increased rapidly within the local impact of community life. § Reduced productivity of local food (due to restructuring of land use, labor and industry). § Putting pressure on the losing tradition and some cultural values. § Access to the problems of traffic congestion, noise, local air pollution,the traffic load in the sevice. § Conflicts in the use of natural resources (water, forests .), the use of infrastructure and services (sewers, the waste container, transportation, medical centers) with Other establishments. § Affect the public health (pollution from solid and liquid wastes, diseases from other areas, social disease .). 3.2. Survey and assess the status of environmental quality in tourist areas v Surface water environment 1. Cam Ly river water quality (of the Cam Ly waterfall resort) Monitoring results showed that in all seasons of monitoring parameters such as pH, Cl-in the limits of QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT (level B1), other parameters are approximately equal or exceed the provisions QCVN positions in the city of Da Lat. Only for position monitoring in Hoa Lac and Lam Ha district at the beginning of the spring (Beating Thai version) is the most prescribed parameters QCVN reached only in mid-season is over QCVN SS parameters around from 1.5 to 3 times. Thai Version position to beat traffic season - rain parameters COD, BOD, and the allocation QCVN higher than rainy season - beyond QCVN dried Coliform. Hoa Lac location for a mid-season N-NO2 and parameters of the excess Fe QCVN about 2.7 times and 1.5 times. 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 QC T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 QC COD BOD5 Figure 2: COD and BOD5 concentrations in river water monitoring locations in 2009 Cam Ly. 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 QC T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 QC COD BOD5 Figure 2: COD and BOD5 concentrations in river water monitoring locations in 2009 Cam Ly. Conclusion: Overall water quality in the river Cam Ly most polluted by organic parameters such as N-NO2-, N-NH3+, BOD5 and COD as well as microbiological parameters coliform. Cam Ly river water quality pollution due mainly suffered from domestic wastewater and agricultural activities of the Da Lat city enters. 2. Ho Xuan Huong (Lake Landscape, used for tourism purposes and irrigation) Ho Xuan Huong is a beautiful country to be recognized, but not the lake provides water for living but a lake landscape, regulatory climate, the ecology of the central city of Da Lat. On the other hand, this is water under the stream Cam Ly - Da Dang River watershed and the monitoring of national water quality monitoring Dong Nai river. Therefore, Xuan Huong lake water quality has always been different levels and departments concerned. Results showed that observation on: Top 04 position on the lake (supply water to Lake) is the source of receiving waste water from agricultural areas, golf-courses, urban residential areas are not contaminated environmental quality, therefore making the water quality Xuan Huong Lake was contaminated by chemical parameters, as well as microbiologic (showing the results of monitoring at the middle of the lake). So the potential to cause pollution of suspended substances, organic pollution and eutrophication high. K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 Figure 3: COD concentration changes in Ho Xuan Huong seven months last year. K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 Figure 3: COD concentration changes in Ho Xuan Huong seven months last year. June July August September October November December June July August September October November December K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 Figure 4: BOD5 concentration changes in Ho Xuan Huong seven months last year. K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 Figure 4: BOD5 concentration changes in Ho Xuan Huong seven months last year. June July August September October November December June July August September October November December 3. Chien Thang Lake (the lake resort Chien Thang) § SS concentrations range from 9-140 mg/l, with 05/8 samples over QCVN from 1.46 to 4.66 times on the middle dry season and dry season – rain. § COD concentration at the time of the dry season - rain COD levels exceeding 1.1 times the prescribed standards; in mid-season COD levels exceeding 1.4 times the prescribed standards. § BOD5 concentration is 5.8 samples exceeded the prescribed standards from 1.16 to 2 times and had two samples of approximately QCVN or ice, mainly on the observation time allocated dry season - the rainy season and mid season. § N-NH3+ concentrations were defined by standard observatioan in five seasons. § Parameter coliform samples exceeded about 2.2 times QCVN mid season. 4. Tuyen Lam Lake (in the Tuyen Lam Lake Tourist) § COD concentration is 5/16 samples from 1.13 to 2.26 over QCVN times and has 6/ 14 sample observations with COD concentration from 10-15mg/l. § BOD5 concentrations of most of the sample observation at all monitoring locations have relatively high levels of BOD5 in the observation time of 04: 10/14 sample has exceeded the prescribed standards from 1.16 to 3.3 times and a third form or by approximately QCVN. § N-NH3+ concentration is 5/14 samples exceeded the prescribed standards from 1.3 to 4.25 times at the position of principal and Bao Dai waterfall spillway (end of lake). § Coliform parameters, most of the samples reached QCVN observation of microbiological criteria. v Air environment § Total tourist areas are 10 observations, each tourist is the observation position is second in points to car parks and tourist center. § Monitoring parameters: t0, light intensity, noise, radioactivity, CO2, NO, SO2, total dust by the rapid measurement equipment. Reviews § Through the results we found that most of the parameters of CO2, NO, SO2, dust in the center of the tourist area than an hour QCVN 05-2009 permitted standards are achieved. But at the parking place is a tourist area with noise parameters, CO2, NO, SO2, dust, total approximate or exceed permitted standards such as Flower Garden in the city, than an excess noise, 2 times higher than the TCVN 5949:1998 (60 dBA - the standard noise in residential areas, hotels and administrative offices), it exceeds more than 2 times. Similarly in Pren Falls, waterfall Datala above parameters also exceeded permitted standards from 1.2 to 2.3 times. The reason lies parking and road traffic tourist areas also focus more travelers to visit the tourist city of Da Lat. Survey results overall environmental quality of surface water and air are expressed specifically in the database properties of the map. 3.3. GIS mapping of environmental quality management in tourist area MapInfo software applications and data collected above to build the map. To develop maps for environmental management of tourism topics to build layers as follows: Background data layers: 1. Layers of information about rivers. 2. Layers of information about ponds. 3. Layers of information on roads. 4. Layers of information about terrain. 5. Layers of information about population. 6. Layers of information about the area. 7. Layers of administrative information. Thematic layers: 1. Layers information in tourist areas are operating. 2. Layers information tourist projects approved. 3. Layers of information about the current status of air quality. 4. Layers of information on the state surface water quality. Results mapping: 1. Map showing the distribution status of tourism in Da Lat. 2. The map of environment air quality tourist areas city of Da Lat. 3. A map of the surface water environmental quality in tourist areas in Da Lat. 3.3. Proposed solutions to manage environmental quality in tourist areas § Legal Solutions § Strictly implement the Law on Environmental Protection and 15.16, Chapter II "Travel Resources" Vietnam's tourism law. § Master plan for tourism development and the Son of damage to him, objectives, general solutions, besides a cluster of tourism requires detailed planning and clearly identify functional zones and the projected investment projects in order of priority in accordance with needs. § Building rules and regulations reasonable detail the exploitation and tourism with the protection of environmental resources with the propagation of education, improving people's knowledge, sense for communities and tourists. § Economic Solutions § Priority or no tax exemptions in certain time with the pure form of investment for environmental protection or tourism investment in other sectors of the industry with synchronous technology for environmental protection. § Priority investment projects in tourism with concrete solutions in problem solving to reduce pollution and to keep the environment clean, efficient and bring directly to the community and long-term social. § There are policy development and support links between economic activity, the level of management to unified management and control environment. § Form of bonuses and penalties for seriously violate environmental protection rules. § Science Solutions § Programs for tourism development projects in points, zones should be considered reasonable, particularly to assess the environmental impact of immediate and long-term prescribed by law environmental protection requirements General Public. § There is general coordination of propaganda, advertising, management, and process control and environmental sanitation among branches, levels of production and business establishments. § There is cooperation and exchange of experience among agencies and foreign organizations in the monitoring, analysis, management and handling of environmental impact. § Mapping of environmental quality management in tourist areas. § Technical Solutions § The resort must have waste water treatment system standards before being discharged into the environment. § Sort waste at source and collection system, save the standard containing. § The transportation in tourism should be used in electric vehicles. § There are solutions to the problem of forest fire prevention and effective. § There are solutions to conserve biodiversity. 4. CONCLUSIONS § Affirming tourist city of Da Lat in Lam Dong Province in particular and in general position is one of the major tourist centers of the Central Highlands travel and tourism in particular and Vietnam in general. § Assessing the current state of environmental quality of surface water in the resort city of Dalat in general are now seriously polluted. If in the future there is no solution, the risk of tourist areas closed entirely possible and initially built up a database environment status in the resort city of Da Lat § Construction of the map for good management of environmental quality in tourist areas including the city of Da Lat: § Distribution map of the tourist areas city of Da Lat. § The map of environmentla air quality tourist areas city of Da Lat. § A map of the surface water environmental quality in tourist areas in Da Lat. § Subject to the four groups of measures to manage environmental quality in tourist areas in Da Lat city towards sustainable development. 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