CHUYÊN ĐỀ BỒI DƯỠNG ÔN THI ĐẠI HỌC MÔN TIẾNG ANH Tên chuyên đề: MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ (RELATIVE CLAUSES) Tác giả chuyên đề: Trần Thị Bảy Chức vụ: Giáo viên Chuyên môn: Tiếng Anh Đơn vị công tác: Trường THPT Nguyễn Thị Giang Đối tượng bồi dưỡng: Học sinh lớp 12 Số tiết dự kiến bồi dưỡng: tiết ***** A PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT I ĐỊNH NGHĨA MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: (Definition of Relative Clause) - Mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề phụ nối với mệnh đề đại từ quan hệ (who, whom, whose, which, that) hay trạng từ quan hệ (where, when, why) - Mệnh đề quan hệ đứng đằng sau danh từ, bổ sung ý nghĩa cho danh từ Chức giống tính từ cịn gọi mệnh đề tính ngữ Ví dụ: The man who told me this refused to give me his name (Mệnh đề quan hệ) - Mệnh đề quan hệ chia làm hai loại: Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định: (Restrictive Relative Clause) - Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, phận quan trọng câu, bỏ mệnh đề danh từ khơng có nghĩa rõ ràng Ví dụ: The girl who is wearing the blue dress is my sister (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) The book which I borrowed from you is very interesting (Mệnh dề quan hệ xác định) Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: (Non- restrictive Relative Clause) - Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, phần giải thích thêm thơng tin phụ bỏ mệnh đề nghĩa rõ ràng [1] - Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xác định thường ngăn với mệnh đề dấu phẩy Danh từ đứng trước thường danh từ riêng, danh từ thường có từ “this, that, these, those”, hay tính từ sở hữu “my, his, her, …” đứng trước, danh từ có bổ nghĩa cụm giới từ danh từ có Ví dụ: My father, who works in this hospital, is a famous doctor (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định) This girl, whom you met yesterday, is my daughter (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định) Lưu ý: + Không dùng “that” mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định + Không bỏ đại từ quan hệ mệnh đề quan hệ xác định Ví dụ: I saw the girl who/that helped us last week √ (Mệnh dề quan hệ xác định) NOT “I saw the girl helped us last week” Mr Brown, whom we studied English with, is a very nice teacher √ (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định) NOT “Mr Brown, that we studied English with, is a very nice teacher” II CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ: (Relative Pronouns) Danh từ đứng trước (Antecedent) Người (person) Vật (Thing) Chủ ngữ (Subject) Who/That Which/That Tân ngữ (Object) Whom/That Which/That Sở hữu cách (Possesive Case) Whose Of which/ whose WHO: - Là đại từ quan hệ người làm chủ ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ người để làm chủ ngữ cho động từ đứng sau - Theo sau “who” động từ Ví dụ: The man who robbed you has been arrested That is the boy who helped me to find your house WHOM: - Là đại từ quan hệ người làm tân ngữ, đứng sau tiền ngữ người để làm tân ngữ cho động từ đứng sau - Theo sau “whom” chủ ngữ Ví dụ: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt The boy whom we are looking for is Tom - “Which” lược bỏ Ví dụ: The girl (whom) you met yesterday is my close friend * Lưu ý: Ở vị trí túc từ (tân ngữ), “whom” thay “who/ that” [2] Ví dụ: I’d like to talk to the man whom/who/that I met at your birthday party Peter, whom/who/that everybody suspected, turned out to be innocent WHICH - Là đại từ quan hệ vật, làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho động từ sau - Theo sau “which” động từ chủ ngữ Ví dụ: This is the film which I like best The book which I bought yesterday wasvery interesting - “Which” lược bỏ làm túc từ (tân ngữ) Ví dụ: The elephants (which) people keep in iron cages are very big * Lưu ý: Có thể dùng “which” thay cho mệnh đề đứng trước ngăn cách với mệnh đề dấu phảy Ví dụ: She can’t come to my birthday party That makes me sad → She can’t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad THAT: - Là đại từ quan hệ người lẫn vật - “That” dùng thay cho “who/ whom/ which” mệnh đề quan hệ xác định “Restrictive Relative Clause” Ví dụ: The book which/that I bought yesterday was very interesting My father is the person whom/that I admire most I need to meet the boy who/that is my friend’s son * Lưu ý: “that” thường dùng trường hợp sau: + Khi tiền ngữ người vật I can see the girl and her dog that are running in the park + Thường dùng làm tân ngữ cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ xác định đứng sau tiền ngữ có so sánh nhất, “the first” “the last” This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen That is the last letter that he wrote + Được dùng thay cho which mệnh đề quan hệ xác đinh dùng sau từ: “all, only (duy nhất), very (chính là), much, none, no” All that he can say is this I bought the only book that they had You’re the very man that I would like to see + Sau đại từ bất định (indefinite pronouns) “nothing, everyone, everybody, one, nobody, those, …” He never says anything that is worth listening to I’ll tell you something that is very interesting + Thường dùng sau cấu trúc câu nhấn mạnh: “It is…/ It was ” [3] It's the manager that we want to see It was the present that I gave him WHOSE (OF WHICH): - Là đại từ quan hệ sở hữu cho danh từ người hay vật đứng trước “Whose” thường dùng thay cho tính từ sở hữu “his, her, its,…” - Theo sau “whose” danh từ “Whose + noun” làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ Ví dụ: + The boy is Tom You borrowed his bicycle yesterday → The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom + John found a cat Its leg was broken → John found a cat whose leg was broken * Lưu ý: “of which” dùng để sở hữu cho danh từ vật đứng trước, không dùng cho người This is the dictionary the cover of which has come off We crossed the river the current of which was very rapid GIỚI TỪ TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: (Prepositions in Relative Clauses) - Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ giới từ đặt trước sau mệnh đề quan hệ (trong lối văn trang trọng áp dụng với whom which.) Ví dụ: Mr Brown is a nice teacher We studied with him last year → Mr Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher → Mr Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher - Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định, đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ giới từ (who/ whom/ which/ that) thường bỏ giới từ ln đứng sau động từ Ví dụ: That’s the man I was talking about The picture she was looking at was famous - Với cụm động từ (phrasal verb) giới từ khơng dùng trước “whom” “which” Ví dụ: Did you find the word which/ that you were looking up? - Giới từ “without” khơng dùng vị trí sau động từ Ví dụ: The woman without whom I can’t live is Jane * Lưu ý: Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, cụm từ số lượng “some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of,…” dùng trước “whom, which whose” I have two sisters, both of whom are students She tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her III RELATIVE ADVERBS: (CÁC TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ) [4] WHERE (= in/ at which): - Được dùng thay cho cụm từ nơi chốn, “the place’ Ví dụ: + The place where we met was an old pagoda + Mary would like to live in a country where it never snows WHEN (= in/ on/ at which): - Được dùng thay cho cụm từ thời gian Ví dụ: + Do you remember the day when we first met? + Sunday is the day when I am least busy WHY (= for which): - Được dùng để lý do, thay cho danh từ “the reason” Ví dụ: + Tell me the reason why you are so sad + The reason why he did not come is obscure * Lưu ý: + When why bỏ, thay that I’ll never forget the day (that) I met her The reason (that) I didn’t phone you was that I was just too busy at work + Where bỏ thay that đứng sau từ “somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere” “place” (không bỏ “where” đứng sau từ khác.) Have you got somewhere (that) I can lie down for an hour We need a place (that) we can stay for a few days + Where dùng mà khơng có danh từ nơi chốn trước Put it where we can all see it IV RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: (REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSE) Sử dụng phân từ “V-ing”: (Using present participial phrases) - Khi mệnh đề quan hệ xác định thể chủ động, ta dùng cụm phân từ (V-ing phrase) thay cho mệnh đề (bỏ đại từ quan hệ trợ động từ, đưa động từ nguyên mẫu thêm “–ing”) WHO WHICH + V + … V-ing + … THAT Ví dụ: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle  The man sitting to you is my uncle Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?  Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night? [5] - Khi động từ mệnh đề quan hệ diễn đạt hành động việc có tính thường xuyên, lâu dài Ví dụ: The road that joins the two villages is very narrow  The road joining the two villages is very narrow * Lưu ý: + Không dùng phân từ để diễn tả hành động đơn khứ The police wanted to interview the people who saw the accident √ NOT “The police wanted to interview the people who saw the accident.” Sử dụng cụm khứ phân từ “V-ed3”: (Using past participial phrase) - Khi mệnh đề quan hệ xác định thể bị động, ta dùng cụm khứ phân từ (V-ed3) để thay cho mệnh đề (Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, trợ động từ bắt đầu cụm từ past participle) WHO WHICH + BE+ V-ed3 + … V-ed3 + … THAT Ví dụ: The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting  The books written by To Hoai are interesting The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy  The students punished by the teacher are lazy The house which is being built now belongs to Mr Pike  The house built now belongs to Mr Pike Sử dụng cụm từ nguyên mẫu “to + V”: (Using infinitive phrase) - Khi mệnh đề quan hệ theo sau danh từ có bổ ngữ “the first/second…”, sau “the last/only” sau so sánh ta thay cụm từ ngun mẫu Ví dụ: He is the last man who left the ship  He is the last man to leave the ship The only one who understood that problem was M.r Pike  The only one to understand that problem was M.r Pike - Khi mệnh đề quan hệ mục đích, nhiệm vụ cho phép Ví dụ: He has a lot of book that he can/must read  He has a lot of book to read He had something that he could/ had to  He had something to [6] * Lưu ý: + Nếu chủ từ mệnh đề khác thêm cụm “for sb” trước “to V” We have some picture books that children can read  We have some picture books for children to read + Nếu trước đại từ quan hệ có giới từ phải đặt giới từ xuống cuối câu We have a peg on which we can hang our coat  We have a peg to hang our coat on Sử dụng cụm danh từ: (Using noun phrases) - Mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xách định có cấu trúc “S + be + Noun” rút gọn cách dùng cụm danh từ Ví dụ: George Washington, who was the first presidentof the United States, was a general in the army  George Washington, the first presidentof the United States, was a general in the army We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain  We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain ***** B CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP I Dạng tập kết hợp câu sử dụng đại từ/ trạng từ quan hệ : (Combine two sentences using relative pronouns) Dạng đề người ta cho câu riêng biệt yêu cầu dùng đại từ quan hệ nối chúng lại với Các bước làm dạng sau: Bước : Xác định câu mệnh đề chính, câu mệnh đề phụ Bước : Xác định cặp từ hai câu có nghĩa tương đồng Bước : Xác định chức từ trùng mệnh đề phụ Bước : Thay từ trùng đại từ quan hệ tương ứng đặt đầu mệnh đề whose phải chuyển danh từ đứng sau kèm (Mệnh đề phụ trở thành mệnh đề quan hệ) Bước : Viết mệnh đề quan hệ sau danh từ có nghĩa tương đồng mệnh đề (tiền ngữ) hồn thành câu Chú ý: - Nếu tiền ngữ danh từ xác định phải dùng mệnh đề khơng xác định tức phải dùng dấu phẩy - Nếu “whom” “which” tân ngữ giới từ chuyển giới từ trước “whom” “which” [7] Ví dụ: The girl is very pretty She lives oppsite my house B1: “The girl is very pretty” mệnh đề chính; “She lives oppsite my house” mệnh đề phụ B2: “The girl” “she” hai cặp từ tương đồng B3: “She” giữ chức chủ ngữ B4: “She” thay who ta có mệnh đề quan hệ “who lives opposite my house” B5: Chuyển mệnh đề quan hệ sau tiền ngữ hoàn thành câu  The girl who lives opposite my house is very pretty II Dạng tập rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ: (Reduced relative clauses) Yêu cầu học sinh làm theo bước sau: Bước 1: Xác định mệnh đề quan hệ (mệnh đề thường bắt đầu “who, which, that” Bước 2: Bước chủ yếu giảm từ mệnh đề xuống cụm từ, nhiên cách suy luận phải theo thứ tự không làm sai - Nếu mệnh đề có cơng thức “S + BE + Noun/ Noun phrase” rút gọn thành danh từ - Nếu trước “who which…” có dấu hiệu “first, only …” rút gọn thành “to infinitive”, lưu ý thêm xem chủ từ có khác không (để dùng “for sb”) mệnh quan hệ mà diễn tả mục đích hay nhiệm vụ rút gọn thành “to infinitive.” - Nếu mệnh đề chủ động rút gọn thành “V-ing” Mệnh đề bị động rút gọn thành “V-ed3” Ví dụ: This is the first man who was arrested by police yesterday  This is the first man to be arrested by police yesterday Here is the form that you must fill in  Here is the form for you to fill in III Dạng tập điền đại từ quan hệ thích hợp vào chỗ trống: (Fill in the blank with an appropriate pronoun/ adverb) Yêu cầu học sinh làm theo bước sau: Bước 1: Xác định tiền ngữ người hay vật … Bước 2: Xác định chức đại từ quan hệ: làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ,… Bước 3: Chọn đại từ quan hệ thích hợp điền vào Ví dụ: This is Mr.Pike teaches us English → that [8] The woman keeps this library is Mrs Thu → who/that The man daughter I always go to school with is a good doctor → whose This is the school in my father used to teach → which The house she bought last year is very nice → which/ that IV Dạng tập trắc nghiệm: (Multiple-choice exercise) Với dạng tập tùy theo hình thức trắc nghiệm mà vận dụng phương pháp - Chọn phương án trả lời (Choose the best answer) Dr Seuss, _ was Theodor Seuss Geisel, wrote and illustrated delightfully humorous books for children A his real name B who had as his real name C with his real name D whose real name We should participate in the movement to conserve the natural environment A organized B to organize C organizing C organize - Nhận biết lỗi sai (Choose the word or phrase that needs correcting) Baseball is the only sport in which I am interested in A B C D Most of the classmates whose he invited to the birthday party couldn’t come A B C D ***** C PHẦN BÀI TẬP Exercise Rewrite each of the sentences so that the meaning stays the same A man phoned and asked for yọu He spoke with a foreign accent → The man The Night Manager was written by John Le Carre It's about a man who works in a hotel → John Le Carre Our party believes in that idea I say this from the bottom of my heart → That is an idea Atlanta is a city The Olympic Games were held in Atlanta → Atlanta [9] Both her sons work abroad They ring her up every week → Her sons, ……………………………………………………… I told you about a persọn She is at the door → The person …………………………………………………………… Jack's car had broken down He had to take a bus → Jack, I bought a new computer It cost me a lot of monẹy → The new This is the bạnk We borrowed the money from it → This is the bank from 10 The village has around 200 people The majority of them are farmers → The village has ……………………………………………………… Exercise 2: Choose the most suitable word to complete each of the following sentences He is the man (that, who, whose) son got Nobel Prize last year Here’s the computer program (that, whom, whose) I told you about I don’t believe the story (that, who, whom) she told us Peter comes from Witney, (that, who, which) is near Oxford This is the gun with (that, whom, which) the murder was committed Is this the person (whom, which, whose) you asked me about Have you received the parcel (whom, whose, which) we sent you? That’s the girl (that, who, whose) brother sits next to me The meal, (that, which, whose) wasn’t very tasty, was expensive 10 We didn’t enjoy the play (that, who, whose) we went to see 11 She gives her children everything (that, what, who) they want 12 Tell me (what, that, which) you want and I’ll give it to you 13 The reason (why, that, what) I phoned him was to invite him to party 14 I don’t like people (who, whom, whose) never stops talking 15 The day (which, that, when) they arrived was Sunday Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences, using reduced relative clauses The child would be happier if he had someone that he could play with ………………………………………………………………………… She said that she hadn’t anyone to whom she could send cards ………………………………………………………………………… He is always the first who comes and the last who goes ………………………………………………………………………… [10] Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon ………………………………………………………………………… Here are some accounts that you must check ………………………………………………………………………… He was the man who was saved in the fire ………………………………………………………………………… Anyone who doesn’t want to take part in the meeting must inform the board ……………………………………………………………………………… The teacher who takes the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan …………………………………………………………………………… She’s just bought a handbag which was made of crocodile skin …………………………………………………………………………… 10 I met a man who had been working in this factory for a long time …………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 4: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete each of the following sentences This is the place _ I met my wife A what B where C which D that Simon is the man _ Mary loves A who B which C whom D A&C My wife, _ is a doctor, works at Community Hospital A who B which C whom D that Only one of the people _ work in the company is qualified A what B which C who D where She is the one _ I told you about A what B which C whose D who Those _ had studied hard passed their exams A what B which C who D whose The magazine _ you lent me is interesting A what B which C whom D whose The man _ is resting is very tired A what B which C whom D who The boy _ sat next to you is my friend A who B which C whom D whose 10 We are using books _ were printed last year A what B who C which D whose 11 The painting _ Ms Wallace bought was very expensive [11] A whom B whose C which D where 12 Is Dr Brown the person you wish to speak to? A with whom B Ø C to that D to whom 13 is your favourite sport, swimming or running A What B Which C Whom D Whose 14 Were the Wright brothers the ones built the first aeroplane? A which B whom C whose D that 15 I don't like stories have unhappy endings A where B which C they D who 16 The periodic table contains all the elements, has a particular atomic weight and atomic number A which of each B each of which C which each D each 17 Those towns you were looking at in Gaul are small A who B where C which D whom 18 Jan didn't check she had enough petrol before she left, was careless of her A what B it C that D which 19 This is a town many people live A in which B which C at which D on which 20 She, is your sister, lives far away A which B who C whom D she 21 I see some girls are pretty A whom B which C who D they 22 Give back the money you took A it B who C whom D which 23 He was killed by a man friends we know A whose B which C whom D that 24 He spoke to the messengers with you were leaving A which B whom C whose D that 25 We captured a town is in Spain A whom B where C which D it 26 The farmers we saw were in the field A whose B which C they D whom 27 The women I gave the money were glad A to whom B to that C for whom D for that 28 I know a boy name is John A who B whose C whom D that 29 The man you sent to the general has reported the victory A whose B which C whom D he [12] 30 I saw those slaves had been led to the city A whose B which C whom D who Exercise 5: Choose the word/phrase (A, B, C or D) that needs correction in each of the sentences There are a number of people migrate into city centers for better job opportunities A are B number of C migrate D opportunities The man to whom you have just talked to is the secretary of the manager A The B to whom C is D the manager Albert who his car was stolen last week has decided to buy a motorbike A who his B last week C has decided D a The Island which we visited it was extremely beautiful A which B we C it D extremely Only one of the people whose work in the company is qualified enough for the new manager position A the people B whose C qualified enough D for Exercise 6: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to combine the two sentences We are talking about a girl She used to be a Miss World A The girl about whom we are talking used to be a Miss World B We hardly know a girl who used to be a Miss World C The girl who used to be a Miss World said that she knew you D We know the girl who used to be a Miss World He told her about the book He liked it best A He told her about the book which he liked it best B He told her about the book which he liked best C He told her about the book whom he liked best D He told her about the book whose he liked best The old man is working very hard I borrowed his bicycle yesterday A The old man is working very hard which I borrowed his bicycle yesterday B The old man whom is working very hard I borrowed his bicycle yesterday C The old man whom I borrowed his bicycle yesterday is working very hard D The old man whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is working very hard This is my opinion You can nothing to change it A You can nothing to change it my mind B There’s nothing you can to change my mind [13] C There’s nothing can be done except changing my mind D You can everything to change it my mind The man is my teacher I am grateful to him A The man whom I grateful to him is my teacher C The man is my teacher who I am grateful B The man whom I am grateful to is my teacher D The man to him I am grateful is my teacher Ngoc is friendly We are talking about her A Ngoc, we are talking about, is friendly C Ngoc, about her we are talking, is friendly B Ngoc, whom we are talking about is friendly D Ngoc, about whom we are talking, is friendly That is the student I borrowed his book last week A That is the student I borrowed whose book last week C That is the student, whose book I borrowed last week B The student whose book I borrowed that is D That is the student whose book I borrowed last week Most of the classmates couldn't come He invited them to the birthday party A Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come B Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come C Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come D Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come What was the name of the man? You talked to him this morning A What was the name of the man who you talked to him this morning? B What was the name of the man you talked to this morning? C What was the name of the man you talked to whom this morning? D What was the name of the man whose you talked to this morning? 10 The church is over 500 years old Our class visited it last summer A The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old B The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old C The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old D The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old ***** ĐÁP ÁN (KEYS) Exercise Rewrite each of the sentences so that the meaning stays the same [14] The man who spoke with a foreign accent phoned and asked for yọu John Le Carre wrote the Night Manager, which is about a man who works in a hotel - That is an idea in which our party believes, which is said from the bottom of my heart - That is an idea which/ that our party believes in, which is said from the bottom of my heart - Atlanta is a city which The Olympic Games were held in - Atlanta is a city where/ in which The Olympic Games were held - Her sons, both of whom work abroad, ring her up every week - Her sons, who both work abroad, ring her up every week - The person who I told you about is at the door - The person about whom I told you is at the door Jack, whose car had broken down, had to take a bus The new computer which I bought cost me a lot of monẹy This is the bank from which we borrowed the money 10 The village has around 200 people, the majority of whom are farmers Exercise 2: Choose the most suitable word to complete each of the following sentences whose whom 10 that that which 11 that that whose 12 what which which 13 why which 14 who 15 when Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences, using reduced relative clauses The child would be happier if he had someone to play with She said that she hadn’t anyone to send cards to He is always the first to come and the last to go Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon Here are some accounts for you to check He was the man saved in the fire Anyone not wanting to take part in the meeting must inform the board The teacher taking the responsibility for the class is Ms Lan She’s just bought a handbag made of crocodile skin 10 I met a man working in this factory for a long time Exercise 4: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete each of the following sentences [15] B D A C D C B D A 10 C 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 C B B D B B C D A B 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 C D A B C D A B C D Exercise 5: Choose the word/phrase (A, B, C or D) that needs correction in each of the sentences C  migrating/ who migrate B  whom A  whose C  it B  who Exercise 6: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to combine the two sentences A B B D D A B B B 10 C ***** Vĩnh Tường, ngày tháng năm 2014 Người thực hiện, Trần Thị Bảy [16] ... met yesterday, is my daughter (Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định) Lưu ý: + Không dùng “that” mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định + Không bỏ đại từ quan hệ mệnh đề quan hệ xác định Ví dụ: I saw the girl... chuyển danh từ đứng sau kèm (Mệnh đề phụ trở thành mệnh đề quan hệ) Bước : Viết mệnh đề quan hệ sau danh từ có nghĩa tương đồng mệnh đề (tiền ngữ) hồn thành câu Chú ý: - Nếu tiền ngữ danh từ xác... câu mệnh đề chính, câu mệnh đề phụ Bước : Xác định cặp từ hai câu có nghĩa tương đồng Bước : Xác định chức từ trùng mệnh đề phụ Bước : Thay từ trùng đại từ quan hệ tương ứng đặt đầu mệnh đề whose