CAN THO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES SUPER INTENSIVE CULTURE OF WHITE LEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei), IN RECIRCULATING TANK SYSTEM AT DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITIES BY LE PHUOC DAI A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for The degree of Bachelor of Aquaculture Can Tho, 12/ 2013 CAN THO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES SUPER INTENSIVE CULTURE OF WHITE LEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei), IN RECIRCULATING TANK SYSTEM AT DIFFERENT STOCKING DENSITIES BY LE PHUOC DAI A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for The degree of Bachelor of Aquaculture Supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. TRUONG QUOC PHU Can Tho, 12/ 2013 APPROVEMENT The thesis Super intensive culture of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), in recirculating tank system at different stocking densities defended by Le Phuoc Dai, which was edited and passed by committee on 12-27-2013 Sign of Supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr Truong Quoc Phu Sign of Student Le Phuoc Dai Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to express my honest thanks to the Rectorate of Cantho University and the lecturers of College of Aquaculture and Fisheries for supporting me to study after 4.5 years. I would like to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Truong Quoc Phu and Mr. Huynh Truong Giang who have enthusiastically instructed me to finish the graduating thesis. For other valuable help and guidance, many thanks are also extended to Tran Trung Giang, Phan Thi Cam Tu, and Tran Thi Be Gam. I also send my gratefulness to my advisor Dr. Pham Minh Duc for his constant support and my beloved classmates in Advanced Aquaculture Program for great encouragement during 4.5 years in College of Aquacuture and Fisheries. Finally, I want to express my sincere love to my family, my friends who have encouraged and supported me during the AAP course. i Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different stocking densities on growth and survival rate of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A triplicated experiment was conducted with differrent treatments of stocking densities: 1000 shrimp m-3, 800 shrimp m-3, 600 shrimp m-3, 400 shrimp m-3. The experiment was conducted in 500-L tanks with recirculating system, and supplied aeration continuously. Brackish water of 15ppt was used for the experiment. The shrimp were fed four times per day with commercial feed which 40% of protein. Water was unchanged but circulated continuously according to recirculating system. Water quality sample was took every week and analyzed at water quality study lab. After eight weeks of culturing, the shrimp reached the body length of 5.84±0.21, 6.48±0.55, 6.26±0.30, 5.98±0.39cm/species at the densities 1000, 800, 600, 400 shrimp m-3 .The survival rates ranged from 50.2 to 62.8%. There were not significant differences in both growth rate and survival rate among treatments (p>0.05). The results indicated that white leg shrimp can be growth at wide range of densities of 400 – 1000 shrimp m-3. Further study is a need to examine growth of white shrimp at higher stocking densities. ii Table content Acknowledgements i Abstract . ii Table content iii List of tables . vi List of figure vii List of abbreviation viii Chapter . INTRODUCTION . 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Objectives . 1.3 Research contents . Chapter . LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Biological characteristics of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) 2.1.1. Classification . 2.1.2. Life cycle . 2.1.3. Growth characteristics 2.1.4 Distribution 2.2.White leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in the world . 2.3.White leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in Viet Nam . 2.4.Application of recirculating water system in white shrimp culture . 2.5. Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) 2.5.1Principle of RAS . iii 2.5.2 Recirculating System Economics 2.6. Biofilters 10 2.6.1. Trickling biofilters 11 2.6.2. Fluidized – beds biofilter 11 Chapter . 15 METHODOLOGY 15 3.1. Time and location 15 3.2 Materials . 15 3.2.1 Equipment 15 3.2.2 Water source 15 3.3 Experiment design 15 3.3.1 RAS preparation . 15 3.3.2 Tanks system and biofilter media. . 16 3.3.3 Stocking shrimp . 18 3.3.4 Monitoring . 18 CHAPTER IV . 20 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS . 20 4.1 Water quality parameters . 20 4.1.1. pH 20 4.1.2 TDS (Total Dissolve Solid) . 21 4.1.3: EC (Electricity Conductivity) . 21 4.1.4 DO (Dissolve Oxygen) 22 4.1.5 TAN (Total Ammonia Nitrogen) . 23 4.1.6 NO2- 23 iv 4.1.7 NO3- 24 4.1.8 TSS (Total solid suspended) 24 4.2 Growth rate . 25 4.2.1 Survival rate . 25 4.2.2 Weigh and length . 26 CHAPTER V . 27 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 28 5.1 Conclusion 28 5.2 Recommendations 28 REFERENCES 29 Appendixes Error! Bookmark not defined. v List of tables Table 1: Production of white shrimp in North, Central and South of Viet Nam in 2009 Table 2. Advantages and disadvantages of commonly used biofilter (Wilton, 2001) 14 Table 3: Method for water quality analysis. . 19 Table 4: DLG, DWG and SGR in length and weigh of the shrimp . 26 vi List of figure Figure 1: White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) . Figure 2. Required unit processes and typical components used in recirculating Figure 3: RAS schema . 16 Figure 4: Settling tanks . 16 Figure 5: Moving bed Bio-reactor 17 Figure 6: Plastic beds 17 Figure 7: Trickling biofilter. . 18 Figure 8: pH in the experiment . 20 Figure 9: Variation of TDS in the experiment over culture period 21 Figure 10: Variation of EC in the experiment over culture period . 22 Figure 11: Variation of DO in the experiment over culture period 22 Figure 12: Variation of TAN in the experiment over culture period 23 Figure 13: Variation of NO2- in the experiment over culture period 23 Figure 14: Variation of NO3- in the experiment over culture period 24 Figure 15: Variation of TSS in the experiment over culture period . 25 Figure 16: survival rate of the shrimp after weeks experiment. 26 vii 4.1.7 NO3As the same case with NO2-, the concentrations of NO3- also were no more than 1mg/L. The value of NO3- range from 0.167 to 0.637mg/L those were no harmful for shrimp tanks. The details of NO3- were showed in figure 14. Figure 14: Variation of NO3- in the experiment over culture period 4.1.8 TSS (Total solid suspended) According to effect of settling tanks (TSS removal tanks), the TSS were removed effectively from the systems. Therefore, the value of TSS in the systems not too hight and the water still clear during the experiment period. The concetration of TSS range from 31.0 to 57.83mg/L and showed in figure 15. 24 Figure 15: Variation of TSS in the experiment over culture period 4.2 Growth rate 4.2.1 Survival rate: As illustrated in figure 16, the survival rate of white leg shrimp culture in four different stocking densities: 1000, 800, 600, 400 m-3 were 62.86±5.33, 57.50±2.88, 50.55±5.88, 52.83±10.47%, respectively; not any significant differences observed (p>0.05). Nguyen Phuong Toan (2013) showed that the the survival rate of shrimp stocking at 40 heads/m2 ranked highest (79.7 ± 2.6%), followed by 60 heads/m2 (78.7 ± 2.9%) and the lowest rate for the 80 heads/m2 (70.3 ± 3.3%; P0.05), higher than the survival rate of this study. Marcelo Araneda et al (2008) reported survival was different (F=7.18; Pb0.05) between all the treatments with the highest in the 90 shrimp/m2 treatment (76.1%), followed by the 130 and 180 shrimp/ m2 (68.9% and 65.9%, respectively) treatments, higher than the rate of this study. 25 Figure 16: survival rate of the shrimp after weeks experiment. 4.2.2 Weigh and length Treatment DLG(length)(cm/day) SGR(length)(%/day) DWG(g/day) SGR(weigh)(%/day) 0.097±0.003a 2.83±0.04a 0.04±0.001a 9.56±0.05a 1000 m-3 0.108±0.009a 2.97±0.11a 0.05±0.003a 9.77±0.12a 800 m-3 0.104±0.004a 2.93±0.06a 0.05±0.004a 9.84±0.15a 600 m-3 0.099±0.006a 2.86±0.08a 0.05±0.005a 9.71±0.16a 400 m-3 Table 4: DLG, DWG and SGR in length and weigh of the shrimp Means in a columns that not share a superscript are significantly different at (p0.05). In the same case with length value, there is no significant different between four treatments with weigh value. Daily weigh gain of the shrimp after experiment period ranged from 0.04 to 0.05g/day and specific growth rate in weigh varied from 9.56 to 9.84%/day. Nguyen Phuong Toan et al,2013 reported The highest growth rate in weight was found in treatment of 40 heads/m2 (1.54 g/week), followed by 60 26 heads/m2 (1.47 g/week) but the rate for 30 heads/m2 (1.16 g/week) was lowest, which were slightly higher than this study. The present study is the report on the culture of L. vannamei in the brackish water shrimp farm in Bhimavaram, west Godavari district, Andhrapradesh, India. This study shows that stocking density affects growth of L. vannamei .Several authors have reported on the growth and survival of L. vannamei in different salinities and densities. The maintenance of good water quality is essential for optimum growth and survival of shrimp. Good water quality characterized by adequate dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH and salinity. 27 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusion Water quality in the experiment was in the suitable range for the shrimp and explained for the effect of bofilter system. After weeks culture from PL15, the WLS had the daily weight gain of 0.04 - 0.05g/day and had the specific weight gain from 9.56 to 9.84%/day. The highest survival rate (62.86%) was observed in density 1000 m-3 and the lowest (50.55) was at density 600 m-3. 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CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA, pp. 159-171 33 Appendixes Water quality parameter during eight weeks experiment pH weeks Settling tank 7.70 7.70 7.80 7.70 7.80 7.60 7.80 7.90 7.80 7.80 7.70 7.70 7.80 7.70 7.80 Filter tanks 7.70 7.70 7.80 7.70 7.80 7.70 7.70 7.90 7.80 7.80 7.70 7.70 7.80 7.70 7.80 Culture tanks 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.70 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.90 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.70 7.80 7.70 7.80 TDS (g/L) Settling tank 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.00 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.80 7.80 7.80 7.00 7.10 7.20 7.10 7.10 7.10 7.80 7.80 7.70 7.00 7.20 7.20 weeks 17.16 12.34 13.79 16.11 10.87 13.47 15.38 10.27 13.22 13.47 9.85 13.15 13.81 10.54 13.55 13.42 11.43 13.46 12.48 10.49 13.39 12.23 10.16 13.52 17.15 12.37 13.76 16.08 8.65 13.44 15.28 9.24 13.08 13.43 9.85 13.14 13.84 10.54 13.54 13.46 11.44 13.45 12.48 10.50 13.67 12.20 10.15 13.50 17.16 12.35 13.78 16.11 10.05 13.47 15.39 9.92 13.32 13.45 9.84 13.14 13.87 10.54 13.55 13.51 11.42 13.48 12.49 10.50 13.80 12.22 10.17 13.50 Filter tanks Culture tanks 34 EC (mS/m) Settling tank weeks 25.70 18.94 21.00 24.20 16.74 20.50 23.20 15.52 20.30 20.50 15.38 20.10 21.00 16.33 20.60 20.50 17.59 20.40 19.17 16.33 21.00 18.54 15.79 20.50 25.60 18.91 20.90 24.10 15.80 20.50 23.20 15.41 20.30 20.50 15.36 20.10 21.00 16.31 20.50 20.50 17.58 13.45 19.17 16.31 21.00 18.71 15.77 20.50 25.60 18.95 21.00 24.10 15.78 20.50 22.70 15.34 20.30 20.50 15.32 20.10 21.00 16.34 20.60 20.50 17.59 20.40 19.18 16.33 21.00 18.72 15.78 20.50 Filter tanks Culture tanks DO Settling tank weeks 1 7.10 7.84 6.88 6.64 7.12 7.12 7.04 7.52 7.04 6.88 7.12 7.20 7.20 7.68 7.60 6.8 6.48 7.04 6.56 7.52 6.88 5.12 4.88 5.28 7.68 6.80 7.20 7.04 7.36 7.68 6.80 7.28 7.44 7.12 7.20 7.20 7.60 7.68 7.68 7.28 7.60 7.20 8.00 7.20 7.44 7.04 7.84 6.56 7.20 7.60 7.44 6.88 7.12 7.44 7.12 7.84 7.36 7.04 7.44 7.52 7.76 8.00 7.92 7.68 8.00 7.68 8.00 8.00 7.68 8.00 7.28 7.68 Filter tanks Culture tanks 35 TAN Settling tank weeks 1 0.002 0.003 0.011 0.005 0.058 0.011 0.098 0.124 0.144 0.224 0.162 0.141 0.197 0.177 0.121 0.034 0.067 0.020 0.211 0.195 0.088 0.792 0.779 0.593 0.013 0.006 0.030 0.067 0.060 0.014 0.120 0.271 0.210 0.055 0.073 0.063 0.128 0.167 0.093 0.050 0.024 0.010 0.037 0.227 0.041 0.272 0.265 0.113 0.003 0.009 0.004 0.035 0.038 0.057 0.080 0.151 0.123 0.031 0.110 0.063 0.087 0.130 0.095 0.070 0.017 0.012 0.011 0.055 0.542 0.450 0.501 0.295 weeks 1 0.551 0.447 0.463 0.040 0.041 0.056 0.022 0.023 0.043 0.128 0.111 0.119 0.302 0.251 0.194 0.356 0.327 0.310 0.413 0.380 0.378 0.938 0.928 0.878 0.167 0.153 0.191 0.006 0.061 0.053 0.083 0.075 0.120 0.138 0.111 0.114 0.288 0.257 0.227 0.265 0.115 0.249 0.185 0.099 0.166 0.222 0.165 0.260 0.257 0.201 0.259 0.056 0.068 0.093 0.561 0.077 0.102 0.178 0.171 0.145 0.343 0.296 0.283 0.312 0.261 0.311 0.186 0.180 0.167 0.400 0.336 0.358 Filter tanks Culture tanks NO2Settling tank Filter tanks Culture tanks 36 NO3Settling tank weeks 1 0.125 0.163 0.214 0.064 0.173 0.168 0.203 0.268 0.22 0.595 0.557 0.589 0.070 0.219 0.174 0.297 0.463 0.505 0.379 0.321 0.372 0.098 0.011 0.143 0.200 0.258 0.306 0.096 0.149 0.199 0.199 0.236 0.241 0.548 0.584 0.633 0.118 0.176 0.134 0.350 0.621 0.541 0.358 0.500 0.441 0.443 0.752 0.574 0.141 0.152 0.241 0.179 0.261 0.253 0.262 0.233 0.266 0.592 0.603 0.717 0.112 0.193 0.169 0.305 0.423 0.478 0.326 0.369 0.444 0.343 0.438 0.534 weeks 1 37.50 38.00 54.00 47.50 24.50 33.00 40.00 22.50 50.50 38.50 20.00 43.00 40.00 31.00 27.00 37.00 31.00 25.00 45.50 39.50 88.50 26.00 48.00 19.00 63.00 38.00 47.00 36.00 36.50 41.50 43.50 37.00 35.00 28.00 29.50 58.00 36.50 39.50 34.50 30.00 18.00 40.00 108.50 32.50 40.00 44.00 31.00 56.00 37.50 37.50 42.00 31.00 31.50 35.00 13.50 80.00 27.00 40.00 24.00 32.50 31.50 31.00 43.00 24.50 19.50 41.00 34.50 37.00 43.50 Filter tanks Culture tanks TSS Settling tank Filter tanks Culture tanks 37 49.00 39.00 31.00 Weight and length of shrimp sampling during experiment period: 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 Wo 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009 Wt1 0.564 0.442 0.484 0.718 0.516 0.554 0.670 0.584 0.688 0.792 0.640 0.658 Wt2 2.965 2.624 2.828 3.193 2.776 3.572 3.574 2.746 3.692 3.714 2.940 2.632 DWG 0.049 0.044 0.047 0.053 0.046 0.059 0.059 0.046 0.061 0.062 0.049 0.044 SWG 9.662 9.459 9.584 9.786 9.553 9.973 9.974 9.534 10.028 10.038 9.648 9.464 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 Lo 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Lt 7.54 7.08 6.81 7.84 6.80 8.71 8.14 7.09 7.46 8.03 7.13 6.71 LG 6.24 5.78 5.51 6.54 5.50 7.41 6.84 5.79 6.16 6.73 5.83 5.41 DLG 0.104 0.096 0.092 0.109 0.092 0.124 0.114 0.097 0.103 0.112 0.097 0.090 SGR 2.930 2.824 2.759 2.996 2.757 3.171 3.057 2.828 2.912 3.035 2.836 2.735 38 Survival rate of shrimp after eight weeks culture 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 2.3 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 stock 500 500 500 400 400 400 300 300 300 200 200 200 havest 309 271 363 213 225 252 134 134 187 91 79 147 39 SR 61.8 54.2 72.6 53.25 56.25 63 44.67 44.67 62.33 45.5 39.5 73.5 [...]... as water quality, suitable density, growth rate, environment, etc The requirement for shrimp culture nowadays is a method to get high quality of shrimp without negative impacts on the environment The topic Super intensive culture of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), in a water circulation system at different stocking densities is needed to determine the sensible density and the growth rate of shrimp. .. Viet Nam, 2012) There are many methods to culture white leg shrimp; such as extensive, semi -intensive, intensive and super- intensive, which was represented by low, medium, high and extremely high stocking densities respectively In many kinds of farming, super- intensive is more and more popular nowadays Because of high density, super- intensive farming bring high profit to the farmers However, we have many... shrimp in circulation system Besides, it show the comparisons about the effect of different densities on water quality , growth rate and survival rate Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) consist of an organised set of complementary processes that allow at least a portion of the water leaving a fish culture tank to be reconditioned and then reused in the same fish culture tank or other fish culture tanks... study 3.3.2 Tanks system and biofilter media According to recirculating system, water in culture tanks were flow to settling tanks and then go over to the moving bed biofilter tank, a pump in here carried water up to trickling filter tank In here, water were fuff over on the trickling filter and go down to over flow tank and follow the pipes return to the culture tanks This process is shows in figure... system to maintain the salinity because of the evaporation of the water can increases the salinity - Commercial feed which have 40% of protein was used for shrimp The sizes of pellets were based on shrimp size Amount of feed depends on shrimp feeding requirement through observation of feeding activity of shrimp 3.3.4 Monitoring: Shrimp and water sample were collected periodically and analysis at Water... production in RAS in Europe These developments are either technology (e.g incorporation of new water treatment units that reduce water exchange rates and reduce/concentrate waste) or ecology driven (e.g biological re-utilisation of wastes) 2.5.1Principle of RAS: According to Sustain Aqua ( 2006), recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are systems in which aquatic organisms are cultured in water which is... fluidized beds and floating bead beds) However, there are many type of biofilter that are commonly used in intensive RAS: submerged biofilter, trickling 10 biofilter, rotating biological contactors (RBC), floating bead biofilter, dynamic bead biofilter, and fluidized bebiofilter 2.6.1 Trickling biofilters: Trickling biofilter operate in the same way at submerged biofilters, except the waste water flows downward... effects of waste products (Losordo et al 1998) In recirculating tank systems, proper water quality is maintained by pumping tank water through special filtration and aeration and/or oxygenation equipment Each component must be designed to work in conjunction with other components of the system To provide a suitable environment for intensive fish production, recirculating systems must maintain uniform... 84,320 2.4.Application of recirculating water system in white shrimp culture: Shrimp culture can help reducing pressure on overexploiting wild stocks, in terms of natural resources protection However, due to poor planning and management as well as lack of appropriate regulations, shrimp aquaculture itself may have several adverse environmental impacts Since the effluents from shrimp aquaculture typically... Therefore, the value of TSS in the systems not too hight and the water still clear during the experiment period The concetration of TSS range from 31.0 to 57.83mg/L and showed in figure 15 24 Figure 15: Variation of TSS in the experiment over culture period 4.2 Growth rate 4.2.1 Survival rate: As illustrated in figure 16, the survival rate of white leg shrimp culture in four different stocking densities: 1000, . biofilter 11 Chapter 3 15 METHODOLOGY 15 3.1. Time and location 15 3.2 Materials 15 3.2.1 Equipment 15 3.2.2 Water source 15 3.3 Experiment design 15 3.3.1 RAS preparation 15 3.3.2 Tanks system. production in Viet Nam 5 2.4.Application of recirculating water system in white shrimp culture 5 2 .5. Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) 6 2 .5. 1Principle of RAS 8 iv 2 .5. 2 Recirculating. reached the body length of 5. 84±0.21, 6.48±0 .55 , 6.26±0.30, 5. 98±0.39cm/species at the densities 1000, 800, 600, 400 shrimp m -3 .The survival rates ranged from 50 .2 to 62.8%. There were not