Cac bien phap an toan lao dong thi cong phSn than cong trinh TS Ta Van Phan Trucmg Cao dang xay dung so C dng nghe xay dung p h i t trien dem lai Ipi ich tol da cho chii dau tU, nha thau va ngUdI sir dung s i n pham xay dung. Tuy nhien di ciing vdi cic cdng nghe dd cung can ddi hdi cd c i c bien p h i p an t o i n lao ddng tUdng xUng.Tai nan lao ddng trpng linh vUc x i y dung (cdng trtnh d i n dung, cdng nghiep, giao thdng) van d mute rat cao c h i l m khoing tren 50% tong sd vu tai nan chet ngudl. Nguyen nhan dan den tai nan l i vl pham quy trinh, khdng cd bien p h i p an t p i n ve sinh lap ddng. Trpng thi cdng p h i n t h i n cdng trinh bap gdm nhieu phan viec nhu thi cdng cdt, dam s i n , xay tudng va h o i n thien cdng trinh, . Cac phan viec nhu vay lai bao gdm nhufng cdng viec chuyen mdn nhu gia cdng v i l i p dung cdp pha, cdt thep, be t d n g , . . . Nguy cd x i y tai nan lao ddng trpng c i c cdng viec chuyen mdn l i tuong ddi nhieu. Do dd ngudi l i m viec can nam dupc cic bien phap de phdng tai nan thi cdng phan than cdng trinh. Ndi dung bai b i p se 6e cap tdi cic nguy co gay tai nan lap ddng v i bien phap d l phdng chil y l u cic cdng viec: gia cdng cdp pha, lap dung va t h i o dd cdp pha, gia cdng cdt thep, l i p dung cdt thep, van chuyin, dam, b i o dudng be tdng va l i p ghep cic cau kien. . Bien phap ky thuat an toan cong tac cop pha. 1.1. An todn gia cong cop pha. - Phin xudng che tao cdp pha p h i i dat xa c i c p h i n xudng, n h i m i y de g i y chay, p h i l cd ndi quy chap hanh nghiem ve phdng v i chda chiy. - Khi l i m viec vdi m i y cUa, m i y bao p h i i d i m b i o quy t i c an toan, cd CO cau che chin, c i c phuong tien b i o hd c i nhan (kinh, gang tay, giay, quan ap gpn ging ) 1.2.An toin lip di/ng cop pha - Tai nan thudng gap cdng t i c t h i o l i p cdp pha la n g i tir tren cao xudng hoac mdt bd p h i n ciia gian d i o , cdp pha gay, do, dung cu d t r i n cao rdi xudng hoac dinh ddng tren cdp pha bj trdi ra. - Khi dung l i p cdp pha nhieu tang thi tang dudi p h i i cd djnh chic chan mdi dung tang 86'^^'•^•B^ 01.2014 tam van rdi tif tren cap xudng gay tai nan l i m gay dan g i i o , hdng cdp pha. - Ngudi dd cdp pha p h i i cd that lung bio hp lao dpng, dUng tren dan g i i p cd lan can chac chin. - Cic dung cu diing de t h i o dd cdp pha p h i l de gpn gang tren d i n giap, khdng dupc nem, vift tif tren cao xudng. Nghiem cSm ngUdI khdng phan sudi lai dudi vDng thao ddcdp pha. - Cdp pha t h i o p h i i dUpc can cau dUa xudng hoac dung puly, tdi, c i p dUa dan dan, nhe n h i n g xudng dat khdng nem hoac trupt xudng, cdp pha p h i i dupc x i p t h i n h tirng ddng theo tUng loai. Chii y sU an t o i n l i m viec dudi viing hoat ddng ciia can true. 2. Bien phap ky thuat an toan cong tac cot thep. 2.1. An toin cao ri cot thep - Khi cap n cho cdt thep bang thii cdng hoac keo cdt thep tren c i t p h i i cd gang tay, kinh phdng hd va khau trang. - Cdp pha ciia k i t cau cao hon 8m so vdi mat dat thi p h i l cd san lam viec, s i n p h i i cd chieu rdng >0,7m va phai cd lan can chic c h i n . - Cdp pha treo diing d l due tran be tdng cdt thep (BTCT) p h i l dupc cd djnh vao khung thep d i dupc lien k i t chac chan. - Khi cdng trinh cd tudng bang BTCT thi cU 1,8m chilu cao can cd mdt san lam viec. -Trudc BT p h i l k i l m tra can than c i c bd p h i n , mdi ndi lien k i t . Chi dupc dat v i t lieu, dung cu va sd ngudi dUng tren cdp pha theo t h i l t ke. 1.3. An toan thio ddcop pha - Khi be tdng d i m b i o dii thdi gian, dii cudng dp mdi dUpc thao dd cpp pha. - Khi t h i o dd da g i i o , cop pha ciia k i t cau phufc tap p h i i t u i n theo mdt trinh t u n g i t nghep ve thU tU t h i o dd, d i m b i o dung ky thuat. - D i m bao an toan d l phdng trudng hpp cd ^ Hinh 1. Thkong phan than cong - Khi cao ri bang phuong p h i p phun c i t phii che chan kin, cd r i o bao va b i l n b i o cdng nhan p h i i cd quan ao, gang tay, g i i y kinh . - Khi cao ri bang may phai cd thiet bj che chin bd p h i n truyen ddng, trudc thao t i c phii kiem tra c i c buldng (ve dp ben va k h i ning each dien). 2.2. An toin cit cot thep a.Khi cdt bang mdy - Trudc cat p h i i k i l m tra may, vj tri ciia ludi dao, dau md. - Khi cat p h i i gia chat cdt thep, ludi dao lul mdi dupc cho cdt th^p v i p . - Khi cat cac cdt thep n g i n p h i l diing kim, kep de dua cdt thep v i o . - Khdng dUpc c i t cdt thep cd d i e tinh co hpc vupt q u i tinh n i n g cua miy. - Sau c i t xpng p h i i diing ban c h i i Idng d l quet vun sit. b.Khi cat bang tay - Ngudi giU vam va ngudi danh bua p h i l diing dang c h i n thatvUng, t r i n h nhirng ngUdI dUng xung quanh. Biia diing p h i i cd c i n tdt, tra chic chan, t r i n h dau biia bj v i n g dang danh biia g i y tai nan. 2.3.An toin uon cot thep - Neu udn thii cdng thi thao t i c phai dufng vifng, glU c h i t vam, diing lUc tif tif udn theo gdc dp b i n ve thiet ke yeu cau. Khdng dupc udn cdt thep to d tren cao hoac tren gian giao. - N l u udn cdt thep b i n g may thi trUdc thao t i c p h i i k i l m tra cac bp phan ciia may, phil cho chay thir trudc thao t i c . Trong qua trtnh cat ngudi d i l u k h i l n m i y p h i i t u i n thii cic quy tac an t o i n , t i p trung chu y quan sit, nSm vflng tinh nang ky t h u i t cua may, khdng sufa miy, thay dau md . dang thao t i c , d i m b i p an t o i n dien, p h i i sir dung cac dung cu b i o hdcinhin. 2.4.An toin hin cot thep - D i m b i o dien i p han l i 60 + 65V, cac m i y han khdng dupe diing chung mdt cau dao Hinh 2.Lap dilng cotthep ngudn, ngudn dien va m i y h i n can duoc che c h i n tdt. M i y h i n can p h i i cd d i y ndi dat, trudc h i n can k i l m tra sucich dien ciia d i y va kim h i n , cac dung cu va day dien p h i l bpc dng cao su. - Cic thiet bj han khdng dupc ndi true tiep vdi mang dien, ngUng hoac dieu chinh ddng dien han p h i l cat ngudn dien. - Khi h i n hd quang p h i i chu y chdng t i e hai ciia tia bflc xa han. - Noi l i m viec ciia tho h i n nen bd tri rieng biet, p h i l che chan, son mau xanh de giam i n h sing p h i n xa. - Budng lam viec cua m i y h i n ddi dau p h i i lam bang vat lieu chdng chay. 2.5.An toin dung lap cot thep - Khi chuyen cdt thep xudng hd khdng dupc q u i n g , p h i i chp trupt tren m i n g nghieng cd d i y budc. - Khi dat cdt thep cdt, tudng t h i n g diing cap tren 3m thi cU 2m d i t mdt ghe giao cd chd difng rdng tren I m cd lan can rdng tren 0,8m, lam viec phai cd d i y an t o i n , p h i i di g i i y chdng trupt. - Khi dat cdt thep p h i i dUng tren s i n cdng t i c . Khi dieu chinh hay cd dinh phan dau ciia khung cdt thep p h i l cd cic chdng tam. - Khi budc v i han c i c k i t cau khung cdt phai dflng d g h i g i i o rieng. - Khdng d l cdt thep q u i g i n noi cd day dien Iran.Nlu cd d i y dien di qua chd d i t cdt thep p h i i d l phdng bj dien giat. - Khdng dupc dflng, di lai tren he thdng cdt thep dang dung l i p hoac da dung xong khdng dupc phep. - Khuan v i e v i van chuyen cdt thep p h i i sfl dung c i c phuong tien b i o hd. 3.Ky thuat an toan cong tac van chuyen, do, dam va bao dudng be tong 3.1 .Bo tri nai lam viec - Dudng dl lai, khu vUc lam viec p h i i khd rip, dudng van chuyin khdng bj vfldng, dung v i n l i m cau len xudng thi c h i l u d i y v i n > 4cm va ddng gd ngang l i m bac, khdng dung van muc. - Oil i n h sing lam viec vao ban dem v i duoc treo cao tai noi dudng di lai, cau thang len xudng, noi be tdng, nhflng noi cam p h i i cd den b i o hieu nguy hiem. - Khdng dflpc leo theo giao len xudng noi lam viec, p h i l cd cau thang rieng chac c h i n va cich vj tri l i m viec > 80 cm. Cam khdng dflpc hut thudc nghi ngpl tren g i i o . - Khdng dung gach, dung cu khdng d i m b i o k e c h i n giao. - Noi be tdng cao > 2m p h i i sfl dung g i i n g i i o cd tay vjn. - Lim sin cdng t i c chac chan dd be tdng neu be tdng keo qua Id chfla d san, tran thi p h i l day lai; nghi khdng dflng tren d vang, lanh td da t h i o vat chdng d dfldi; khdng ngdi tren mep van khudn dam de dam be tdng m i p h i i dflng tren san cdng t i c v i cd day an toan. - Khi be tdng tranh dl lai phia dfldi. - Dd be tdng noi cd dp ddc > 300 p h i i cd day an t o i n . 3.2.An toan sit dung dung cu, vit lieu - Kilm tra ky sfl dung dung cu, khdng dung dung cu da hfl hdng, khdng vat dung cu hay trang t h i l t bj tfl tren cao. - Sau dd be tdng xong thu xep dung cu gpn g i n g va rfla sach. - Xi mang chdng < 2m (10 bao) khdng dfla vao tfldng ma de each 0,6-1 m de lam ldi di lai. 3.3.An toin van chuyen be tong - Bang t i l gdc nghieng < 200; Idp be tdng tren bang > 10cm - Lam ve sinh dng bang cao su v i cic bd phan khic m i y ngflng lam viec. - Chi van chuyin vfla bang t h i n g t i l tfl dfldi len tren va h i t sfle han c h i van chuyin ngflpc chieu, t h i n g t i i chuyen ddng len xudng p h i i t u i n theo tin hieu. - Thung van chuyin vflng b i n chac, khdng dd ri, de ddng m d thung den pheu 66, khdng dupc dua qua dau cdng nhan. Tdc dp quay va len cao p h i i c h i m d i m b i o thiing be tdng ludn t u t h i dn djnh va cich mieng pheu k h p i n m mdi m d day thung trdn. - Khi van chuyen vfla be tdng bang can true cam ngudi qua lai d phia dudi va cd den lam viec v l dem. 3.4.An toin lam be tong vi dam be tong - Khi dd vfla be tdng d tren cao p h i i deo day an toan va cd den thi cdng dem. - Cdng nhan san dam be tdng phai di ung cao su each nudc, cich dien, mac quan ao phdng hp, dep g i n g t i y , dpi mu cflng. 3.5.An toan di/dng hg be tong - Cdng n h i n cd sfle khoe, quen leo treo, khdng bd tri ngudi thieu m i u v i phu nfl cd thai l i m viec nay. - Khi tudi nudc cho be tdng n g o i i trdi nang p h i i dpi mu, di giiy, dep day an toan 01.2014iNDni:[iBl 3.6.An toin thiet bf vin chuydn bi tong Thiet bi van chuyen bS tdng p h i i duoc k i l m djnh, tu, b i o dudng djnh ky va kiem tra thudng xuyen. Khi sfl dung eau dudng di cua thiing be tdng khdng dUdc dl qua khu vUc cd ngUdi lam viec ben dudi. Khi dung m i y bdm be tdng can chu y: Cic dng be-tdng p h i i dupc cd dinh v i p h i l lap dat thiet b| chdng xoay. - Khdng dupc l i m viec dudi can bdm be tdng dang be tdng. - Cdng n h i n dflng canh vdi phun v i ngudi d i l u khien bom be-tdng p h i i quy djnh nhflng tin hieu thudng dung de trao ddi q u i trinh van hanh phudng tien. - Chin chdng p h i i dupc m d rdng d i n vj tri chieu dai tdi da. - Xe bdm be tdng p h i l dflng d vj tri cd nen dat on dinh. - Cin bPm be-tdng chi dupc dung de bPm b#-tdng.Khdng dupc dung de nang vat n i n g . - Cdng n h i n khdng dupc dflng d dau cua vdi be-tdng. 4.Ky thuat an t o i n thi cdng l i p gh6p. 4.1.Nguyen nhan tai ngn thi cdng Up ghip Thi edng l i p ghep cd tdc nhanh, g l i m dupc sfle lap ddng, g l i m sd cdng n h i n l i m viec tr§n cdng trfldng, nhien thi cdng l i p gh^p c i n chfl y de phdng tai nan thudng x i y nhU: rdi, dd cau kien; roi t h i l t bj, dung cu lap g h I p ; n g i cao; m i y mdc, cau true, thiet bj phuc vu l i p ghep khdng h o i n chinh, hU hdng, dien giat. 4.1.1 Nguyin nhdn thieu s6t thiet fee ki^n trCtc, Ifet cdu. - Diing g i i i p h i p khdng dung vdi sU l i m vi&c q u i trtnh thi cdng va sfl dung. - Xic djnh khdng dung t i i tac dung len k i t cau qua trtnh van chuyin, cau lap, sfl dung; sai sdt phuong p h i p tinh. - Chpn g i i i p h i p k i t cau, k i l n true khdng d l cap tdi dieu kien an toan trpng thi cdng l i p gh^p. 4.1.2. Nguyin nhdn thieu sdtiien quan den chdt luang che tao cau kiin - Sfl dung v i t lieu khdng dung chung loai, chat lupng SP vdi thiet k l . - Gia cdng, c h i tap khdng dung v l kich thfldc, vflpt q u i dung sal chp phep g i y khd k h i n l i p dat d i l u chlnh. - Lien ket khdng d i m b i o chat Iflpng tai mdi ndi - Oat sai vi tri cdt th^p chju lUc, b i o thep chd, quay mdc ci'u - Thieu n h i n ghi rd n g i y che tao v i trpng lupng eau k i l n 4.1.3.Nguyen nhdn thieu sot thiet ke thi cdng - Xac djnh khdng dung cie thdng sd cau 88|BKniEiB9 01.2014 Hinh 3.Lap ghep cac cau kien quan den chat luang che tqo cdu kien l i p ciia cdng trtnh dan d i n q u i t i l , gay dd cdng O l t r i n h cau kien bj hdng, bj gay qua trtnh. trinh van c h u y i n , cau l i p cung nhu t r i n h cac tai - Chpn cic thiet bj treo budc khdng phu nan d i n g tiec x i y chat IUdng cau kien can: hpp, xic djnh vj t r i , phuang p h i p treo bupc - Sfl dung v i t lieu dung chflng loai, chat khdng dung l i m roi cau kien. lupng SP vdi t h i l t k l ; - Khdng cd bien p h i p cd dinh tam thdi cac - Gia cdng, che tap dung kich thudc; cau ki6n chUa cd mdi ndi vinh cflu. - K i l m s o i t chat lupng mdi ndi; - Xic djnh trtnh t u l i p ghep chp caU kien - Can ed nhan ghi rd e h i tao v i trpng khdng phfl hop vdi k i t cau, khdng d i m b i o dn djnh dan d i n do. lupng c i u kien; - Khdng cd cic phUOng tien l i m viec tren - Nen d i t s i n thep d l mdc cau tren cau kl#n cao (din giio, s i n thao t i c , day an toin) g i y d l t r i n h ndi lUc phat sinh cau kien cau n g i cao. vupt q u i k h i n i n g chju t i l cua c3u k i l n . 4.1.4. Nguyin nhdn t/iUc hiin ldp ghip 4.2.3. Ngdn ngCia tai nan thieu sdt tren cong tritdng thiet ki thi cdng - Cdng n h i n vi pham quy trinh, quy pham - LUa chpn thiet bi cau lap phu hpp cd tinh l i p ghep, khdng thuc hien dung cac bien p h i p toan mpi k h i nang cd t h i x i y q u i trinh td chflc, ky t h u i t , bien p h i p an t o i n lao ddng. thi cdng. - Cdng t i c cd djnh tam khdng d i m b i o chat - LUa chpn c i c thiet bj treo budc phii hpp, lupng dan hdng cau kien, t h i m chi cd the d i n xac djnh chinh x i c vj tri, phUdng p h i p treo tdi dd, sip cdng trinh. budc de khdng l i m cau kien bj hU hai qua 4. J.5.Cdc nguyin nhdn khdc trtnh thi cdng. - Ngudi khdng nhiem vu di v i p khu vUc - Phil cd bl#n p h i p cd djnh tam thdi cic cau dang thi cdng l i p ghep; kien chua cd mdi ndi vinh cflu. - Cdng nhan chfl quan, ngUdI sfl dung lao - Phil x i y dung trinh tU l i p ghep cau kien ddng khdng cung cap d^y du trang bj b i o hd phu hpp vdi k i t cau, vdi thiet bj thi cdng va lap ddng chp ngudi lap ddng. NgUdi lap ddng trtnh dp, tay n g h i cfla cdng n h i n . khdng sfl dung hoac sfl dung trang bj b i o hd - Phil bd tri c i c phuong tien lam v i l e tren lao ddng khdng dung each cao ( d i n giao, s i n thao t i c , day an toan) phii 4.2.Blen phdp phong ngiia tai ngn hop. lip ghep 4.2.4 Ngdn ngCia tai nan thac hiin idp 4.2.1.Ngdn ngCla tai nan thieu sdt ghip trin cdng trudng a.Ngan ngfla tai nan 161 thiet thiet kekien trCic, kit cau. i cau - T h i l t bj chdng x o i n (chi tiet -Trong q u i trinh t h i l t k l can p h i i tinh t o i n dau tren cua d i y tdi p h i i lam viec chinh xic, tdi t i i trpng p h i t sinh q u i trinh thi cdng -Trpng lupng c i c vat dUpc na. d l dua cic g i i i phap, cic chfl y, yeu cau c i n "hai nhd hon t i i trpng lam viec an t o i n . thiet qua trtnh thi cdng. - Khi n i n g cac vat d i i p h i i cd d i 4.2.2.Ngdn ngiia tai nan thieu sdt lien dau (chi tiet 5) d l djnh hudng v i t n i n g . - Chin chdng cfla xe can true (chi t i l t 7) p h i i dupc md rdng va h i t chilu d i i ; tdi da. - Xe can true p h i i dupc tai vj tri can b i n g va tr#n nen dat on djnh. -Thiet bj chdng q u i t i i cua can true (chi t i l t 10) p h i i hoat ddng chinh xic. - Biln b i p t i i trpng an t p i n (chi t i l t 11) p h i i d i t tai can cau. - Mdc cau v i khda h i m (chi tiet 12) p h i i hoat ddng tdt. - Khi c h i n chdng cua cau dat tren n l n di't yeu, p h i i cd b i n thep ke ben dUdI (chi t i l t 15). b. Ngan ngfla tai nan ldi thiet bj treo budc - Kilm tra thudng xuyen d i y trep va budc t i i de p h i t hien cie hUu hdng nhu hinh dang bat thudng v i hien tupng cd vet c i t . - Khdng dung day don de treo va budc t i l . Men dung c i p (td hdp cac day ddn) d l treo v i budc t i l . - Khi nang vat t h i len khdi mat dat, p h i i tam dflng n i n g 6e k i l m tra va on djnh cfla v i t the.Khdng dupc vfla nang vfla dl chuyin ngang. - Phil cd c i c m i l n g dem b i o vi day c i p treo tai cic vj tri tiep xuc vdi gdc v i canh sac ciia vat nang. - Gdc gifla hai d i y treo p h i i Idn hdn 60°. - Kilm tra cie hfl hdng cfla mdc trep, dai v i cic bd p h i n kim loai dl kem. c. Ngan ngfla tai nan li§n quan tdi bien phip cd djnh tam cac cau kien Sau dUa cau kien v i o vj tri, trudc thao mdc ci'u can cd djnh tam hoac vinh vien cau kien d l t r i n h cau kien bj do, rdi. Bien p h i p cd djnh tam p h i i dupc tinh t p i n can t h i n , va thi cdng chinh xac de ngan ngfla tai nan cd t h i xiy khi: - Cd djnh tam cdt v i p cdc mdng; - Cd djnh tam cdt b i n g khung dan; - Giing cd djnh tam cdt; - Cd djnh tam d i n , tudng . d. Ngan ngfla tai nan nga cao - Sfl dung phflong tien lam tren cao (gian giio, g h i , thang .) d l td chflc chd di lai v i lam viec an toan cho cdng n h i n . - Cung cap d i y an toan, giay chdng trflpt day dil chp cdng n h i n . - Cam dflng len cau kien, bd phan chUa dupc cd dmh chic c h i n : cam vdi tay ddn vat ci'u cdn IP Iflng tren cap. 4.2.5. Ngdn ngCla tai nan cdc nguyin nhdn khdc - Phii cd ndi quy va hudng dan cho ngUdi lao ddng v l an t o i n lao ddng trUdc lam viec tren cdng trudng. - NgUdi sfl dung lao ddng p h i l cung cap day du trang bj b i o hd lap ddng chp ngUdi lao ddng, hudng dan kiem tra viec ngudi lao ddng sOfdung trang bj b i o hd lao ddng dung each - Phii dat b i l n cam ngudi khdng nhiem vu dl v i o khu vue dang thi cdng l i p ghep tai nhflng chd can thiet; Nghiem cam cdng n h i n dieu khiln phuong tien dflng ngoai vj tri d l l u khien. - Phil bd tri ngudI dieu k h i l n bang tin hieu sfl dung can true - Can cau khdng dupc lam viec cd gid t f l cap trd len. - Khi dang cau, ngudi dieu khien khdng dupc rdi khdi phupng tien. 5. Ky thuat an toan cdng t i c xay. 5. I.Nguyen nhan giy tai ngn cong ticxay: 5.1.1 .Khoi xdy do: - Vfla xay khdng d i m b i o chat lupng - Vi pham quy t i c xay: d i t gach sai; mach vfla khdng no; x i y q u i chilu cao dpt xay; xay tudng 10 d i i , cao khdng bd tru. -Tudng mdi x i y gap mUa 5.1.2. Ngd cao: - Do van chuyen vat lieu, l i m viec tren cao khdng cd phuong tien lam viec tren cao vflng chic an toan nhU: g i i o ghe, g i i o ngoai, s i n cdng t i c ; day an toan. 5.7.3. Viphqm quy tdc an todn van chuyen vgt lieu: - Cdng n h i n tung gach, vat lieu tfl tren cao. S. l.4.Vdt liiu, dung cu fir trin cao rai xuong cho Idm viic, dudng di iqi phia dudi khdng cd sdn, li/didd. 5.1.5.Cdng nhdn vi phqm ndi quy an todn lao ddng vd ky thudt lao ddng: - Cdng n h i n di dflng, lam viec tren dinh tudng; l i m viec tren cao nguy h i l m khdng that d i y an t o i n ; chat q u i n h i l u vat lieu tren s i n cdng t i c ; vdi tay van chuyin vfla, gach x i y len tren san cdng t i c cao q u i 2m. 5.1.6. Nguyin nhdn tainqn viicsifdung gidn gido S.2.Blen phap an toin cdng tic xiy tucmg Xem xet tinh trang mdng hoac phan tudng x i y trudc cung n h u c i c phuong tien l i m viec tren cao nhu: gian g i i o , kiem tra viec bd tri v i t lieu va vj tri ngUdi cdng nhan l i m viec tren s i n cdng t i c . - Khi x i y tudng, dng khdi cao p h i l cd r i o n g i n theo chu vi cie edng tinh cich tudng 1,5m d l t r i n h dung cu, vat lieu xay dung rdi xudng - Che c h i n nhflng Id tudng ttf tang trd len n l u 16 dd ngudl chui qua dupc - Khdng dflng tren mat tfldng, khdng dua thang v i p tfldng mdi xay de len xudng - V i t lieu dfla len cap p h i i diing thang t i i , tdi, can true. - Khdng nem gach bfla b i i xudng mat d i t . -Trang bi c i c phflong tien phdng hd lap ddng nhfl; giiy, mu, d i y an toan, gang tay, ung. Khdng mun rie xay dung bfla b i i xudng dat nhat l i khu vUc dan cfl g i y d nhiem mdi trfldng, p h i i dflpc tap trung d l chuyin b i i t h i i qui djnh. - Cdng n h i n lam viec vdi XM, sang cat p h i i deo khau trang t r i n h bui. Thudng xuyen phd bien ve an t o i n lao dpng va ky l u i t lao ddng cho cdng n h i n , thep ddi budi tap huan v l an t o i n v i ve sinh lao ddng. - Cdng nhan lam viec tren cao phai cd sfle khoe tdt, khdng bj chdng mat, udng rUpu bia lam viec. oi.20i4iSDniEtisi . diing phii cd cin tdt, tra chic chan, trinh dau biia bj ving ra khi dang danh biia giy tai nan. 2.3 .An toin khi uon cot thep - Neu udn thii cdng thi khi thao tic phai dufng vifng, glU . tic chac chan khi dd be tdng neu be tdng keo qua Id chfla d san, tran thi phil day lai; khi nghi khdng dflng tren d vang, lanh td da thio vat chdng d dfldi; khdng ngdi tren mep van khudn. 3.3 .An toin khi van chuyen be tong - Bang til gdc nghieng < 200; Idp be tdng tren bang > 10cm - Lam ve sinh dng bang cao su vi cic bd phan khic khi miy ngflng lam viec. - Chi van chuyin