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INTRODUCTION FEED AND PRODUCT CHANGES TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CATALYST DEVELOPMENT MOST IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMING YEARS The refinery industry is continuously faced with changes. These changes are in the quality of: The crudes processed. The product slate. the required qualities of the products.
LOGO TOPIC NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN HYDROPROCESSING Instrustor: Ph.D Nguyen Manh Huan Presentation by: Group 1 CONTENT I. INTRODUCTION II. FEED AND PRODUCT CHANGES III. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IV. CATALYST DEVELOPMENT V. MOST IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMING YEARS I. Introduction The refinery industry is continuously faced with changes. These changes are in the quality of: The crudes processed. The product slate. the required qualities of the products. www.themegallery.com I. Introduction Must introduce new technologies or improve technologies. II.FEED AND PRODUCT CHANGES 2.1 Feed changes The average quality of crudes processed worldwide was fairly constant the last ten years. However, important differences can be observed for the various geographic areas. www.themegallery.com II.FEED AND PRODUCT CHANGES 2.1 Feed changes Area Density (°API) Sulfur content (%wt) South America 24.8 2.2 USA 32.3 0.87 Middle East 32.9 1.8 North sea 36.1 0.23 Western Europe 34.6 1.02 II.FEED AND PRODUCT CHANGES 2.1 Feed changes Fig1.Changes in crude quality processed in the USA during the last ten years. II.FEED AND PRODUCT CHANGES 2.1 Feed changes Fig1.Changes in crude quality processed in Japan during the last ten years. 2.2. Product slate changes www.themegallery.com www.themegallery.com 2.2. Product slate changes [...]... (MAK) The type of conversion units installed differ greatly for the various regions The most important trend in product qualities changes for all oil products is the continuous decrease in sulfur level resulting in a worldwide increase in hydrotreating capacity as is shown III TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT 3.2 New hydroprocessing technologies Each year new hydroprocessing technologies are announced ... Technology development 3.1 Technology installed to meet changes in feed and products The changes in feed quality In product slate and in product qualities The refining industry has installed both well established and new technologies Changes in product oil specification Table 1: Conversion capacity Table 2: Installed conversion capacities ~ early 1985, 1990 and 1995 in various geographic areas Conversion... technology in which oil and catalyst are fed to the reactor in countercurrent flow 3.2.2 Akzo-Fina CFI process The main objective of the Akzo-Fina CFI process is to improve cold flow properties (cloud point, pour point, cold filter plugging point) of hydrocarbon feedstocks However, in addition to dewaxing activity, desulfurization,denitrogenation, hydroconversion or hydrogenation activity also can be incorporated... well attended conferences such as the annual spring meeting of the National Petroleum Refiners Association IV TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT III TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Most of these technologies lack success due to: Less interest in resid upgrading mainly caused by: The low profitability of the refining industry Abundant supply of sweet crudes Successful introduction of resid FCC technologies Selection... capacity Conversion capacity is total of: Thermal cracking, FCC Hydrocracking North America about 50 % of the added conversion capacity in between 1985 - 1995 was based on hydrocracking; FCC adding only 20 % For Japan were 19 % and 81 % Japan did not install thermal cracking capacity but thermal cracking remains to play an important role in North America Company: Unocal/UOP IFP and Chevron... diesel oils 3.2.1 OCR process 3.2.1 OCR process Catalysts used in the OCR: ICR 138 and ICR 143 The OCR process can be applied in two ways: 1 In new designs to decrease reactor volume and to improve flexibility to process different crudes 2 As pretreat step in existing units to allow refiners to process heavier crudes 3.2.1 OCR process The main objective of OCR process is demetallization of residues... Exxon licensed hydrotreating units in the past, but decided that a new technology had to be developed for deep desulfurization of diesel oil Main differences from the existing technology is the different desulfurization kinetics for deep desulfurization 3.2.3 Dodd process The Exxon process for diesel oil production with sulfur levels between 200-500 ppm was introduced in 1989 Various catalysts... III TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Two new technologies were recently announced for hydrocracking of VGO type feeds Ebullated bed licensed by Texaco and a lower pressure process Lower investment costs Technology :licensed as MAK III TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Most of the technologies announced in the nineties do have the production of high quality diesel oil as objective Dewaxing Desulfurization Hydrogenation... be incorporated giving this technology a high degree of flexibility 3.2.2 Akzo-Fina CFI process For instance, high sulfur gasoils can be processed to yield diesel oils low in sulfur with excellent cold flow properties Light vacuum gasoils can be processed to yield a product which can be sent without further treatment or distillation to the diesel oil pool Catalysts applied in the process are only... 1989 Various catalysts are approved for this process RT 601 is the most active one 3.2.4 Synsat process The objective of the Synsat process is to convert feedstocks boiling between 200 and 360~to high quality diesel oils low in sulfur and aromatics