Những biến đổi trong văn hóa phố nghề Thăng Long – Hà Nội từ truyền thống đến hiện đại (qua trường hợp phố Hàng Đồng) Cultural movements of Thang Long - Hanoi trade villages from the past to the present (A case study of Hang Dong street) Nguyễn Hà Anh Viện Việt Nam học Luận văn Thạc sĩ Chuyên ngành: Việt Nam học; Mã số: 60 22 01 13 Người hướng dẫn: PGS. TS Vũ Văn Quân Năm bảo vệ: 2013 Keywords. Biến đổi văn hóa; Việt Nam học; Văn hóa phố nghề; Thăng Long; Phố Hàng Đồng Content. 1. Reason for choosing topic 1.1. The context of market economy has led to the change in cultural elements of craft village and trade village The market economy has made deep changes in every aspect of cultural and social life. Especially, trade village which has been under the influence of the policies of the Party and the State has continuously changed, led to the change in elements of trade village. Many craft villages and trade villages are in the risk of falling into oblivion because of the negligible need of a handful of customers. 1.2. Thang Long trade village – Hanoi is in the orbit of the deep and strong cultural transformation During development history, Thang Long - Hanoi craft village and trade village have made significant contributions economic development of the Capital. . Nowadays, craft village and trade village of Hanoi have been becoming an important part of the Capital that have the deep significance not only in the economy but also in culture, contributing to job solutions, economic structure transformation, tourism development, enhancement of living standards both in rural and urban areas, stabilizing and developing new countryside. 1.3. Research about Hang Dong street ( in Thang Long – Hanoi trade village) indicates that new surface is associated with the context. The way of approach of the cultural transformation connected to the features of trade village is a practical research way Hang Dong street is in Hanoi Old Quarters. As one of six remaining trade villages of former Ke Cho region, Hang Dong street has traded copper products for years. Here was the residence of people of Dai Bai copper hammering and carving village, in Gia Binh district, Bac Ninh province and the traders of copper products of Cau Nom village, Khoai Chau district, Hung Yen province as well as other immigrants from some else areas. 2. History of object We divide previous research works into three groups: 2.1. Research works about Thang Long – Hanoi craft village and trade village The work “Thang Long - Hanoi craft village and trade village in the developing path” [47] is typical. This work edited by Vu Quoc Tuan generalized chronologically the development of craft village and trade village , from the feudal period (1010-1858), going through the French domination period and the resistance against the French colonialists (1858-1954), from the period of liberated Hanoi to the national unity period (1955-1975), after great victory in spring 1975 to 1986 and from the innovation period of 1986 and later to the expansion of Hanoi‟s area. In the same approach, the work “Thang Long – Hanoi craft village, trade village” of authors Tran Quoc Vuong and Do Thi Hao summed up the surface of Thang Long – Hanoi craft village, trade village. 2.2. Research works about the transformation in culture of craft village, trade village As regard to research of transformation in culture of craft village, trade village, we could refer to following typical works: Cultural transformation in Red River delta From 1986 to the present (By surveying some cases in certain villages: Son Dong (Ha Tay), Bat Trang (Hanoi), Dong Xam (Thai Binh)) of author Vu Dieu Trung. This dissertation researched comprehensively and completely about the cultural transformation of craft village and focused on researching three craft villages including Son Dong (Ha Tay), Bat Trang (Hanoi), Dong Xam (Thai Binh) and extra research of 61 craft villages in three districts including Hoai Duc, Gia Lam, Kien Xuong to indicate general cultural transformation in craft villages. 2.3. Research works about Hang Dong street and Dai Bai copper hammering village Hang Dong street and Dai Bai copper hammering village is a rather new subject. Up to now, there has been only one work that did research on Dai Bai copper hammering village, it is the book Dai Bai copper hammering village, Do Thi Hao, Vietnam Folk Art Performance Association, 1987 and the book Thang Long – Hanoi craft village, trade village, Vietnam Folk Art Performance Association, Tran Quoc Vuong, Do Thi Hao. The appendix at pages 429-430 only recorded the title conferment to progenitor Nguyen Cong Truyen in the 7 th Duy Tan period (1913). Up to now, there has never been any work that studied Hang Dong street. The only reference material is on the internet but not much. Therefore, the topic “Cultural transformation of Thang Long – Hanoi trade village from 1986 to the present” (the case study of Hang Dong street) has still not been referred to by any work before. 3. Research objectives Carrying out this topic, the author aims at following objectives: Firstly, to outline the surface of Hang Dong street from location, population components and origin to economic life of the trade village. Secondly, to indicate typical transformation of each element in trade village, thence show how features of trade village lead to clear transformation. This is the crucial objective of the topic. From this transformation, the thesis explains, evaluates and proposes solutions to the re-planning of the street in such a way that the living, production and trading activities could develop under the most favorable conditions. 4. Subjects and research scope 4.1. Subject The thesis concentrates research about clutural movements of Hang Dong street, from the past to the present. 4.2. Research scope Research space The scope of research is Hang Dong street including 48 households. The interviewed people are selected randomly from the age of 23 to 83. They are almost married and has been living and trading here. Research duration From 1986 and later, owing to the policies of open economy and stimulating trade, Hang Dong street in particular and Hanoi in general have developed strongly trading activities. The massive immigration from contiguous provinces to Hanoi, the appearance of shops and the diversification of mode of trading have made the clear change of the surface of Hang Dong street. From 1986 to the present, we emphasize the research landmark since 2000. The reason is from 2000 to now, the urbanization with deep transformation in economy, culture and society has impacted this trade village. Urbanization process has had both positive and negative effects on every aspect of economic, cultural and social life. Urbanization has caused the growth of population, brought about the increase of need and benefits towards the relic area. This increase has both positive and negative indications. 5. Research method Four following methods are used associatively in the topic. 5.1. Observation method 5.2. In-depth interview method 5.3. Method of questionnaire, survey 5.4. Method of studying documents, method of collecting and classifying documents 6. Contribution of the thesis Conducting this topic, the thesis contributes on the following aspects Firstly, it outlines the looks of Hang Dong street from location, composition and population origin to the economic life of trade village. These are important documents in the process of management of trade village for managers Secondly, it indicates the changes in characteristics of each element in trade village, indicating how the nature of “trade village” clearly defines the changes. This is the greatest result of the topic. Thirdly, Hang Dong street planning aims to associate economic development with traditional crafts, travel from Hang Dong trade village to Dai Bai craft village. 7. Structure of the thesis Apart from the Introduction, Conclusion and Appendexes the content of the thesis consists of three chapters Chapter 1. Theoretical foundation and overview of Hang Dong street Chapter 2. Change of elements in culture of Hang Dong trade village since 1986-now Chapter 3. Reservation and development of culture of Hang Dong street Chapter 1: THEORETICAL FOUNDATION AND OVERVIEW OF HANG DONG STREET 1.1. Theoretical foundation 1.1.1. Craft village and trade village 1.1.1.1. Traditional handicraft On the concept of "traditional handicraft", author Vu Quoc Tuan stated that: "Traditional handicraft is considered as small scale industry specializing in production by hand with simple tools, primarily using manpower with the creative experience of the artist and skilled workforce” . In the Convention for the Safeguarding of the In- tangible Cultural Heritage published in 2003, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) clearly stated that “The traditional handicraft is one kind of the intangible culture”. 1.1.1.2. Village and street a. Village “Village”, as many scholars confirmed, is absolutely Vietnamese word. Unlikely, commune and village are Chinese – Vietnamese words, village is rooted in Vietnam life and expressed in Vietnamese language only. b. Street “Street” means “the place of business” originally and shop currently. However, “streets” locate closely together into a long row so a long row of “streets” is called “street”. Gradually over time, the word "street" with meaning of "a row of shops" became overwhelmed from "street" of a shop, a store. Therefore, nowadays we have 36 streets of Hanoi with Hang Bac, Hang Manh, Hang Dong and so on to mean a series of "street" (shops) selling the same items. c. Differences between village and street Thus, the similarities of "village" and "city" are densely populated places with particular characteristics of production, business, lifestyle, customs and habits. However, the difference is the main economic activity of village with farming and small- industries and of the street with mainly trade or business. This difference will prescribe the particular characteristics between the craft villages and the trade village. 1.1.1.3. Craft village and trade village a. Craft village Traditional craft village is the center of production, processing and sales of handicrafts; the place to gather artisans and skilled craftsmen from families, family lines, clans that have existed, developed and been well-known for a long time. There, people work according to guild style, every craftsmen must comply with the tight provisions. People worship the same craft ancestor. b. Trade village In the trade village, people still keep lifestyle, habits and customs as village style, craftsmen come from farmers or work in both handicraft and farming in their native village. However, due to the lifestyle of urban residents, the craftsmen at the trade village have the elegant styles of townspeople. Up to now, the imprint of the street names is reflected in many streets of Hanoi and some provinces in our country. c. Differences between craft village and trade village Craft village and city are similar in the way that they are the gathering places of the artisan groups specializing in producing the certain crafts. The labor method and scale of craft village and street are not basically different. Meanwhile, the trade village formation closely associates with the "migration" process of artisans from everywhere to the capital doing business. They, at first, resided temporarily, and then permanently if the business was good. The craftsmen made handicrafts in the precinct and sold in the front of street, then formed the street. In summary, we can see that the village is origin that generates trade village. The trade village is place to promote crafts in reaching the highest level of development. Trade village contributes to balance the production, sales, and even the business is much more dominant. The craft village pays special attention on production so trading usually is under any kind of wholesale. 1.1.1.5. From craft village to trade village The immigration from localities to capital city formed craft villages and trade villages of Thang Long, which made Hanoi become a concentration place of craft villages in Northern Delta in particular and Vietnam in general. It involves a process from craft villages to trade villages. Craft villages form trade villages. Traditional crafts were imported to urban area, forming production and trade facilities of such products and diversifying life. The more and more prosperous trade villages were, the more products and models were developed. That is unique characteristics during the development of craft villages and trade villages of Thang Long. 1.1.2. Culture change of trade village 1.1.2.1. Contexts that have influenced on craft villages and trade villages since 1986 Since 1986, Vietnam has implemented Doi Moi policy. That is to transform from command economy hay centrally-planned economy into market economy, develop multi- sector economy in which private sector plays more and more significant role, actively integrate into regional and international economy in accordance with conditions and facts of Vietnam. The significant transformation of thinking leading to changes of manufacture method considerably affected social and cultural life. Such impacts always have two sides (positive and negative) and pose problem to solve. Besides, the government changed the policy on worshipping products in 1986, which was a vital policy. Since seizing the independence and unifying nation, Vietnam Communist Party abolished superstitions from 1975 to 1986, therefore, the production of worshipping products was considered as superstitious activities. So, with great impacts of a significant political event of the country, after 1896 thanks to policy of economic openness, encouragement of economic activities, Hang Dong street in particular and the whole country in general strongly developed business activities. 1.1.2.2. Trend of cultural movements The cultural movements is a popular phenomenon that is different among societies, nations and communities. It is a process with 2 trends: adapting trend: under the influence of external factor, self – activated cultural elements both keep their characters and adapt to the new conditions; and conservative trend: the cultural elements fail to adapt to new condition, the integration capacity is weak, the cultural characters will be sink into oblivion. 1.1.2.3. Culture of craft village and trade village in Hang Dong People of Dai Bai village brought the traditional features of craft village to street village, which formed the character of trade village with the combination between craft village and trade village. Therefore, it is important to consider both culture of craft village and trade village when researching the change of culture of Hang Dong trade village. 1.2. Overview of Hang Dong Hang Dong is located in Hanoi Old Quarters. In the past, it belonged to Yen Phu village, Tien Truc commune, Tho Xuong district. In the French domination period, the nineteenth century, Hang Chen street was a street that included between Hang Dong and Bat Su street. In the present days, Hang Dong street is located in Hang Bo ward, Hoan Kiem district, Hanoi. The length of street is 0.13 km to the Northwest – Southeast. Northeast end of the street is a crossroad with Hang Ruoi and Hang Ma street. Southwest end of the street is a intersection with Hang Vai, Bat Su, Lan Ong. It is 0.7 km from Hang Dong street and Hoan Kiem Lake to the southwest and 0.3km from Dong Xuan market to Hang Dong street to the northwest. 1.2.2. Population components and process of inhabitance 1.2.2.1. Population components There are 48 households that are divided two residential groups: Group No. 8 in Hang Bo ward consists of the households from number 2 to number 12 and from number 3 to number 13. Group No. 6 includes households from number 14 to number 48 and from number 15 to number 47. The houses with number 49, 51 and 53 are located in Hang Vai ward. Therefore, such three households are under the management of Hang Vai ward and the thesis will not mention these households. 1.2.2.2. The process of inhabitance According to statistics of inhabitance years of families in Hang Dong street, it is clear that families with below 50 years of inhabitance count for the majority while families with 50 or more years of inhabitance count for small part. Specifically, families with over 50 years count for 33%, and about 10% of families with the inhabitance of more than 100 or 200 years. 1.2.2.3. Economic life Before, production and business activities of people in Hang Dong street involved products made of copper such as worshipping products, home products. Such items were imported from Dai Bai village, Bac Ninh. Such activities not only met demand of consumers but also improved life and developed production and business activities. At present, main economic activities of people in Hang Dong street are trading apart from producing copper products. Over 50% of households here are involved in copper business. * Sub-conclusion Hang Dong street, like many other streets in Hanoi, is featured with the tranquility, brown roofs, old bricks and tube small houses. 48 households in Hang Dong street include 2 main population elements. Those are Hanoi native people and people from other regions coming here to live and trade. The latter element is mainly from Nom village, Hung Yen and Dai Bai, Bac Ninh. Chapter 2: CHANGE OF ELEMENTS IN CULTURE OF HANG DONG TRADE VILLAGE SINCE 1986-NOW 2.1. Community relationship 2.1.1. Limited theory of definition 2.1.1.1. Definition of “community” "Community" is a basic concept of the Social Sciences and Humanities with many different meanings. 2.1.1.2. Community of Hang Dong trade village 48 households living and carrying on business at Hang Dong Street is a community, because they live within a certain administrative boundary, and they are under the management of Hang Bo Ward, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi. Lifestyle changes quickly, the relationship between family members suddenly becomes loosen and in danger of being more harmed. The relationship between members of Hang Dong street also change. Due to the development of society with the essential needs of life and the demands of business, community engagement in urban families has decreased. Among many factors affecting this engagement, composition and origin of population - a factor related to the blood-relation and territory had some impacts on the community in family these days. This effect can loosen the community relations. Yet overcoming the impact of external factors, community relations have been stronger. 2.1.2. Indication 2.1.2.1. The entire street – faded common practices Before mentioning the absence of common activities, we need to talk about the component and origin of people here. Since Doi Moi and open market policy, the components of population in Hang Dong street significantly change. There are two major residential components: People who are from different villages coming to Thang Long Citadel for establishing their business. In which, Dai Bai villagers (Gia Binh, Bac Ninh) make up the highest rate. They focused on doing business as Thang Long started to develop business busily. Due to nature of the business activities, in general, trade is "a life without a friends is a life without sun", people gathered together to trade. From 1958 to 1960, the [...]... Thang Long – Ha Noi From the fifteenth century to the eighteenth century, Thang Long – Hanoi flourished with craft production and business with the center as Ke Cho that was located between the city and the bank of Red river The face of Thang Long – Hanoi from the seventh century to nineteenth century was reflected with wide main streets even some small ones There were also street gates in Thang Long –. .. Nguyen Vi Khai, Bui Van Vuong, Thang Long – Hanoi trade villages in development way, Hanoi Publishing House, 2010 48 Tran Van Tung (Chief author) (2005), Effects of environmental pollution in some northern industrial parks to public health, Social Sciences Publishing House 49 Tran Quoc Vuong, Do Thi Hao, Vietnam National University, Hanoi Publishing Hosue, 2010, Thang Long – Hanoi trade villages, Vietnam... national identity – Reality and solution Hanoi, 1999 5 Ministry of Culture and Information Development strategy of Vietnam culture up to 2010 (First draft) H, 2000 6 Phan Dai Doan, Skillful hands of ancestors , Education Publishing House, 1988 7 Bui Xuan Dinh, Nguyen Viet Chuc, Competition-examination villages of Thang Long, Hanoi National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2010 8 Nguyen Trong Duc, The... old quarters In the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries, there were many handicraft villages around Thang Long – Ha Noi due to convenient transportation based on rivers and natural terrain From the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries, policies of the feudal government made people to move to Thang Long for production and business Besides, the development of commodity economy serving royal activities and... of the old quarters Many people say that it is necessary to choose some typical routes for tourists 3.3.4.2 Recommendations for establishing tours through craft villages (Hang Dong – Hang Ma) and craft villages (Dai Bai – Dong Ho) From above analysis, the tours from trade villages to craft villages will attract more tourists To implement the above model, the thesis suggests two streets namely Hang... schedule at the old quarter, it looks more ordered The street line is straight, no longer influenced by natural conditions 4 Production and business activities Regarding alternative factors, if before 1986 main materials were national defense‟s garbage, after 1986 machinery and equipments of companies which were old and no longer used were resold to business householders instead Today, some large production... transfer for young generation also needs more attention To conduct the above study title, we have clarified the transformation of cultural elements in the Hang Dong trade village – one of six remaining trade villages of the ancient Thang Long During this period, the study on transformation of cultural elements is the research that provides high theoretical and practical values The follow-up studies of the... course of tourism and culture – Theoretical and professional issues, Education Publishing House, 2011 2 Dang Duong Binh, Environmental issue in Hanoi old quarters, Vol 1 - P.118-121, Vietnam Social and Scientific Review, 2004 3 Pham Gia Ben, Outline of craft development in Vietnam, Literature- History-Geography Publishing House, 1957 4 Ministry of Culture and Information – Office of Ministry of Culture... activities Before 1986 Products in Hang Dong were After 1986 Recently, products in Dai Bai village are sold more easily than those in Dai bai sold more easily than those in Hang Dong due to as Thang Long – Hanoi was the trade two reasons: The first is cheaper price The center with convenient location It second is that people prefer to buy goods in their attracted customers and traders from original... Nguyen Lan, General view of conservation and embellishment of Hanoi Old Quarters, Pages 129-132 – Vietnam Social Science Review Vol.1, 2003 25 Vietnam union of co-operatives, The selection of suitable production model is important method to promote the development of professions in rural area, Hanoi, 2000 26 Do Long (2000), Communal and individual relationship in communal psychology, Social Sciences Publishing . Những biến đổi trong văn hóa phố nghề Thăng Long – Hà Nội từ truyền thống đến hiện đại (qua trường hợp phố Hàng Đồng) Cultural movements of Thang Long - Hanoi trade villages. TS Vũ Văn Quân Năm bảo vệ: 2013 Keywords. Biến đổi văn hóa; Việt Nam học; Văn hóa phố nghề; Thăng Long; Phố Hàng Đồng Content. 1. Reason for choosing topic 1.1. The context of market. Nguyễn Hà Anh Viện Việt Nam học Luận văn Thạc sĩ Chuyên ngành: Việt Nam học; Mã số: 60 22 01 13 Người hướng dẫn: PGS. TS Vũ Văn Quân Năm bảo vệ: 2013 Keywords. Biến đổi văn hóa; Việt