B GIÁO D O I H C KINH T TP HCM THÁI TH M TS Y UT N K T QU CƠNG VI C C C NGỒI (EXPATRIATE) T I VI T NAM Chuyên ngành: Qu n Tr Kinh Doanh Mã s : 60340102 LU C NG D N KHOA H C: PGS.TS NGUY TP H Chí Minh L th c hi n lu n M ts y u t n k t qu công vi c c a c (Expatriate) t i Vi t Nam hi u v n , v n d ng ki n th c tác gi h c trao ã t nghiên c u, tìm i v i gi ng viên h ng d n, ng nghi p, b n bè Tác gi xin cam an ây cơng trình nghiên c u c a riêng tác gi , s li u k t qu lu n v n trung th c Tp H Chí Minh, ngày 16 tháng 07 n N i th c hi n lu n v THÁI TH 2013 L IC hoàn thành ch ng trình Cao h c Qu n tr kinh doanh lu n v xin chân thành g i l i c m h t lòng t n t y, truy h ct i t ng, t i quý Th y, Cô Tr ng i h c Kinh t TP HCM t nh ng ki n th c quý báu su t th i gian tác gi c bi t PGS.TS Nguy d n tác gi v ph i t n tình h ng pháp nghiên c u khoa h c n i dung c a Tác gi này, tác gi ác anh/ch , b n tài ng nghi p hi n ang công tác t i Công ty TNHH MTV D ch v Kh o sát Cơng trình ng m PTSC gi vi c cung c p thông tin liên h ng h tr tác tác gi thu d li u s c p Cu i cùng, tác gi chân thành c m n gia ình b n h c viên cao h c l p Qu n tr kinh doanh ngày 2, K20 tác gi chia s ki n th c kinh nghi m su t trình h c t p th c hi n tài Trong trình th c hi n, m c dù tác gi trao i, ti p thu nh ng ý ki n h t s c c g ng hồn thi n lu n góp c a quý Th y, Cô b n bè, tham kh o nhi u tài li u, song không tránh kh i có nh ng sai sót mong nh n c nh ng thơng tin góp ý c a q Th y, Cô b n r t c Xin chân thành c m n Tp H Chí Minh, ngày 16 tháng 07 n N i th c hi n lu THÁI TH G 2013 M CL C DANH M C CÁC KÝ HI U, CH VI T T T DANH M C CÁC B NG, BI U TÓM T T M U 1.1 Lý ch 1.2 M c tiêu nghiên c u 1.3 1.4 tài ng, ph m vi nghiên c K t c u c a lu u .3 LÝ LU N V K T QU CÔNG VI C C A EXP 2.1 K t qu công vi c 2.1.1 2.1.2 Các thành ph n c a k t qu công vi c c a EXP 2.1.2.1 K t qu k thu t 2.1.2.2 K t qu hoàn c nh 2.2 S 2.2.1 u ch 2.2.2 u ch 2.2.3 M 2.2.4 Các thành ph n c a s 2.2.5 Các nhóm y u t 2.3 u ch ng c a s u ch ns u ch u ch 10 n k t qu công vi c 12 2.4 ng c a nhóm y u t ns u ch nh xuyên 14 2.4.1 Nhóm y u t kìm hãm .15 2.4.1.1 S khác bi t vai trò 15 2.4.1.2 S mâu thu n vai trò 15 2.4.1.3 S t i vai trò 16 2.4.2 Nhóm y u t kích thích 17 2.4.2.1 S rõ ràng vai trò 17 2.5 Mơ hình nghiên c u 18 U 21 3.1 Thi t k nghiên c u 21 3.1.1 Nghiên c nh tính 21 3.1.2 Nghiên c ng 21 3.1.2.1 M u nghiên c u 22 3.1.2.2 li u 23 3.2 3.2.1 25 u ch .25 3.2.2 t qu công vi c .26 3.2.3 khác bi t vai trò 28 3.2.4 mâu thu n vai trò 29 3.2.5 t i vai trò .30 3.2.6 rõ ràng vai trò 31 K T QU NGHIÊN C U .33 4.1 Thông tin m u nghiên c u 33 4.2 Ki 4.2.1 K t qu 4.2.1.1 Nhóm bi n trung gian: S 4.2.1.2 Nhóm bi n ph thu c: K t qu công vi c 35 4.2.1.3 Nhóm bi 4.2.2 Nh n xét k t qu 4.3 4.4 .33 33 u ch 33 c l p: Các y u t n vai trò 37 39 u ch nh mơ hình nghiên c u t k t qu Ki 41 nh gi thuy t c a mơ hình nghiên c u 43 4.4.1 ng c a s u ch n k t qu công vi c 43 4.4.1.1 Ki nh s phù h p c a mơ hình h i qui 43 4.4.1.2 Ki nh gi thuy t H7 c a mơ hình h i qui 44 4.4.2 ng c a bi cl ns u ch 45 4.4.2.1 Ki nh s phù h p c a mơ hình h i qui 45 4.4.2.2 Ki nh gi thuy t c a mơ hình h i qui 48 K T LU N VÀ KI N NGH 52 5.1 K t lu n 5.1.1 K t lu n 52 5.2 5.3 52 ý sách cho doanh nghi p 53 H n ch c a tài h ng nghiên c u ti p theo 54 TÀI LI U THAM KH O Ph l c 1: DÀN BÀI PH NG V Ph l c 2: PHI U CÂU H I KH NH TÍNH NH L NG Ph l c 3: K T QU KI TIN C Y C THÀNH PH N Ph l c 4: K T QU PHÂN TÍCH NHÂN T Ph l c 5: K T QU PHÂN TÍCH L KHÁM PHÁ TIN C Y C CU I CÙNG Ph l c 6: K T QU PHÂN TÍCH H I QUI D A: S u ch a EXP (Cross-cultural Adjustment) EFA: Phân tích nhân t khám phá (Exploratory Factor Analysis) c t i Vi t Nam (Expatriate) KHACBIET: S khác bi t vai trò (Role Novelty) KHACBIET_FT1: Thành ph n th nh t c a s khác bi t vai trò (Role Novelty) KHACBIET_FT2: Thành ph n th hai c a s khác bi t vai trò (Role Novelty) KMO: H s Kaiser Mayer Olkin MAUTHUAN: S mâu thu n vai trò (Role Conflict) MAUTHUAN_FT1: S mâu thu n ngu n l c 10 MAUTHUAN_FT2: S mâu thu 11 P: K t qu công vi c c a EXP (Performance) 12 QUATAI: S t i vai trò (Role Overload) 13 RORANG: S rõ ràng vai trò (Role un-Ambiguity) 14 Sig: M 15 SPSS: Ph n m m th ng kê cho khoa h c xã h i (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) DANH B u ch 27 B ng 3.2 t qu công vi c 28 B khác bi t vai trò 29 B mâu thu n vai trò 30 B t i vai trò 31 B rõ ràng vai trò .31 B ng 4.1: K t qu ki nh Cronbach alpha c a s u ch B ng 4.2: Ma tr n tr ng s nhân t phân tích EFA s oá .34 u ch .35 B ng 4.3: K t qu ki nh Cronbach alpha c a k t qu công vi c 35 B ng 4.4: Ma tr n tr ng s nhân t phân tích EFA k t qu công vi c .36 B ng 4.5: K t qu ki m tin c y Cronbach alpha c a nhóm bi B ng 4.6: K t qu bi tin c y Cronbach alpha c c l p 37 nhóm c l p .38 B ng 4.7: Tóm t t k t qu ki 41 B ng 4.8: H s 44 B ng 4.9: 44 B ng 4.10: Tr ng s h B ng 4.11: H s 44 nh mơ hình h i qui b i 46 B ng 4.12: ANOVA mơ hình h i qui b i 46 B ng 4.13: Tr ng s h i qui mơ hình h i qui b i 47 B ng 4.14: Tóm t t k t qu ki B ng 4.15: M nh gi thuy ng c a y u t n H6 47 ns u ch .51 DANH M C CÁC HÌNH V Hình 2.1: Các cách th u ch TH Hình 2.2: Mơ hình nghiên c u 19 Hình 3.1: Quy trình nghiên c u 23 Hình 4.1: Mơ hình nghiên c u hi u ch nh 42 What else could be used to evaluate your job performance? un-ambiguity ? Of all things listed below, which you think could be a signal of role clarity? Certain about your authority Clear on your objectives Fully understand your responsibilities Explanation is always clear for what has to be done Know what is expected from you Divide time properly for every task What you think could be a signal of the role conflict? Of all things listed below, which you think could be used to measure your role conflict during your assignment in Vietnam? Doing something that should have been done differently Working with two groups of people that operate differently Bucking a rule/policy to carry out an assignment Receiving incompatible requests from diffent persons Receiving an assignment without manpower to complete it Not having adequate resources/materials to execute your assignment Doing things that are to be accepted by one person and not accepted by others Working on unnecessary things Is there any different in your role between current assignment and the former one? What are they in particular? Is there any difference in performance standards? Is there any difference in degree of involvement in work unit? Is there any difference in ousite work responsibilities? Is there any difference in the type of people in your company? Is there any difference in legal regulations? Is there any difference in employe Is there any difference in bureaucratic procedures? Is there any difference in mandatory meetings? Is there any difference in work relations? Is there any difference in resource limitations? Is there any difference in technical limitations? What else? Have you ever felt overloaded? (If the answer is YES then move to the next question and 10, if NO then stop here.) Which of the following could be used to describe your role overload? Excessive work load Excessive time demands Insufficient time to complete work 10 In comparison with below scale, which one you think would be easier for you to measure the degree of your work overload? How often you have to more work than you can well? How often is there a great deal to be done? How often does your job require you to work very fast? How often does your job require you to work very hard? l 2: COVER LETTER Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics Vietnam Mar , 2013 Dear Sir/Madam, I am currently working for a company in Oil and Gas industry and am studying for a Master of Business Administration in Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics, Vietnam I would like to request your kind help to fill in the attached questionnaire, which is part of my thesis Your participation is voluntary and any information you provide will be kept completely confidential I would highly appreciate it if you could complete and return this questionaire to me via email prior to 15th April, 2013 I would like to thank you very much for your time and assistance in completing this questionnaire and supporting my research If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to contact me at huong.thai109@gmail.com or my supervisor, Prof Nguyen Dinh Tho at ndtho@ueh.edu.vn Best regards, Thai Thi Thu Huong SURVEY QUESTIONAIRE Please indicate on a scale from to (1 = not adjusted at all, = very well adjusted) the degree to which you are adjusted on the following questions? How adjusted are you to your job and responsibilies? How adjusted are you to the transportation in Vietnam? How adjusted are you to working with Vietnamese co-workers? How adjusted are you to Vietnamese food? How adjusted are you to working with Vietnamese outside your company? How adjusted are you to the weather in Vietnam? How adjusted are you to shopping in Vietnam? How adjusted are you to supervising Vietnamese subordinates? 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 Please rate your job performance based on following items, using a 7-point scale from = very poor to = outstanding Meeting job objectives Overall job performance Technical competence Establishing relationships with key host-country business contacts Interacting with co-workers 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 Please point out the degree of your agreement on the following statement, using a 7-point scale (1 = strongly disagree, = strongly agree) I feel certain about how much authority I have Clear, planned goals and objectives for my job I know what my responsibilities are I receive an assignment without the manpower to complete it I have to buck a rule or policy in order to carry out an assignment I work with two or more groups who operate quite differently I receive incompatible requests from two or more people I receive an assignment without adequate resources and materials to execute it 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 Please indicate how similar or different each of the below items when to be compared to your previous domestic assignment, using a 7-point scale (1 = very similar, = very different) Performance standards Outside work resposibilities Legal regulations Bureaucratic schedules Resource limitations Technical limitations 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 Please indicate how frequent you feel for each of following question, using 5-point scale, with (1) = never and (7) = several times per day How often is there a great deal to be done? How often does your job require you to work very fast? How often does your job require you to work very hard? 6 7 Personal Information: How many years have you been working out of your home country? How many years have you been working in Vietnam? classified 13 What is your title (current position) in the company you are working for in Vietnam? 3: Khái ni m k t qu công vi c Thành ph n k t qu k thu t Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted Alpha if Item Total Correlation Deleted P11 11.73 2.415 803 722 P12 11.72 2.634 756 770 P13 11.65 3.064 633 880 Khái ni m k t qu công vi c Thành ph n k t qu hoàn c nh Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted Alpha if Item Total Correlation Deleted P21 11.30 3.247 823 590 P22 11.35 2.690 748 679 P23 10.88 4.611 499 899 Khái ni u ch - Thành ph u ch nh công vi c Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted Total Correlation Alpha if Item Deleted A11 11.61 3.622 665 648 A12 11.54 2.768 618 746 A13 11.30 4.355 635 714 Khái ni u ch - Thành ph u ch nh t ng quát Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Scale Variance if Corrected Item- Item Deleted Item Deleted Total Correlation Alpha if Item Deleted A21 17.32 7.054 645 725 A22 17.51 7.748 487 819 A23 16.78 8.821 675 725 A24 16.57 8.549 711 707 S rõ ràng vai trò (RORANG) Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Cronbach's Item Scale Variance if Corrected Item- Deleted Item Deleted Total Correlation Alpha if Item Deleted RORANG1 12.23 2.451 790 934 RORANG2 11.79 3.086 836 881 RORANG3 11.99 2.813 898 825 S mâu thu n vai trò (MAUTHUAN) Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance Corrected Item- Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Total Correlation if Item Deleted MAUTHUAN1 13.66 19.853 441 684 MAUTHUAN2 14.03 19.956 592 643 MAUTHUAN3 13.64 17.514 627 610 MAUTHUAN4 12.22 18.346 372 724 MAUTHUAN5 12.89 18.260 435 690 S khác bi t vai trò (KHACBIET) Item-Total Statistics Corrected Cronbach's Scale Mean if Scale Variance Item-Total Alpha if Item Item Deleted Correlation Deleted if Item Deleted KHACBIET1 19.00 22.777 594 690 KHACBIET2 18.54 24.538 503 717 KHACBIET3 19.31 25.466 594 697 KHACBIET4 19.17 25.424 563 703 KHACBIET5 19.04 27.402 422 738 KHACBIET6 18.95 26.537 337 766 S t i vai trò (QUATAI) Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Scale Variance Corrected Item- Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted if Item Deleted Total Correlation Item Deleted QUATAI1 6.34 4.831 696 863 QUATAI2 6.11 4.534 778 793 QUATAI3 6.09 3.978 786 785 Nhóm bi cl p Total Variance Explained Rotation Sums of Squared Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings % of Component Total Cumulativ Variance e% % of Total Cumulativ Variance e% Loadings % of Total Cumulati Variance ve % 4.914 28.906 28.906 4.914 28.906 28.906 2.893 17.019 17.019 2.557 15.039 43.945 2.557 15.039 43.945 2.492 14.659 31.678 2.104 12.376 56.321 2.104 12.376 56.321 2.405 14.149 45.827 1.377 8.098 64.419 1.377 8.098 64.419 2.319 13.641 59.468 1.198 7.050 71.468 1.198 7.050 71.468 1.583 9.314 68.782 1.008 5.930 77.398 1.008 5.930 77.398 1.465 8.616 77.398 674 3.962 81.361 528 3.109 84.469 462 2.719 87.189 10 448 2.633 89.822 11 401 2.361 92.183 12 326 1.916 94.099 13 296 1.740 95.839 14 272 1.598 97.437 15 219 1.286 98.723 16 133 782 99.505 17 084 495 100.000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Rotated Component Matrix a Component RORANG1 841 -.180 006 -.180 -.125 082 RORANG2 872 -.106 006 -.167 -.237 -.094 RORANG3 890 -.073 -.011 -.230 -.211 063 MAUTHUAN1 -.119 028 024 896 -.065 102 MAUTHUAN2 -.170 243 074 795 171 -.014 MAUTHUAN3 -.281 200 -.002 742 181 077 MAUTHUAN4 -.212 096 045 095 774 -.042 MAUTHUAN5 -.383 -.014 147 127 741 108 KHACBIET1 -.145 800 -.002 292 030 025 KHACBIET2 173 747 073 025 261 067 KHACBIET3 -.275 682 039 207 -.166 248 KHACBIET4 -.188 762 115 031 -.004 123 KHACBIET5 -.161 171 095 223 -.203 808 KHACBIET6 238 196 015 -.062 291 803 QUATAI1 -.230 010 862 010 075 -.032 QUATAI2 108 045 882 107 148 182 QUATAI3 105 142 908 -.020 -.039 -.024 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization a Rotation converged in iterations Nhóm bi n trung gian (s u ch Total Variance Explained Initial Eigenvalues Compo nent Total % of Variance Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Cumulative % 4.379 54.739 54.739 963 12.039 788 9.854 603 7.539 84.170 447 5.588 89.758 387 4.836 94.594 265 3.314 97.908 167 2.092 54.739 Cumulative % 76.631 4.379 % of Variance 66.777 Total 54.739 100.000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Nhóm bi n ph thu c (k t qu công vi c c a EXP) Total Variance Explained Initial Eigenvalues Compo nent Total % of Variance Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Cumulative % 3.852 64.206 64.206 795 13.249 77.455 655 10.916 88.372 339 5.643 94.015 199 3.310 97.325 160 2.675 100.000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Total 3.852 % of Variance 64.206 Cumulative % 64.206 Nhóm bi cl p MAUTHUAN_FT1 Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 818 Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Scale Variance if Corrected Item- Item Deleted Item Deleted Total Correlation Alpha if Item Deleted MAUTHUAN1 5.55 5.487 698 720 MAUTHUAN2 5.92 6.720 677 757 MAUTHUAN3 5.53 5.431 658 769 KHACBIET_FT1 Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 785 Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted Total Correlation Alpha if Item Deleted KHACBIET1 11.39 10.742 692 677 KHACBIET2 10.92 12.778 507 779 KHACBIET3 11.69 13.567 603 731 KHACBIET4 11.56 13.342 592 734 Nhóm bi n trung gian (A) Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 861 Item-Total Statistics Cronbach's Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted Total Correlation Alpha if Item Deleted A11 39.49 34.856 660 839 A12 39.42 33.008 598 846 A13 39.19 36.267 690 841 A21 39.70 33.147 585 848 A22 39.89 31.895 648 840 A23 39.16 34.896 744 833 A24 38.95 34.825 729 834 A31 39.95 35.127 416 871 Nhóm bi n ph thu c (P) Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items 884 Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Item Deleted Scale Variance if Corrected Item- Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted Total Correlation Item Deleted P11 28.49 14.885 820 843 P12 28.49 15.489 767 853 P13 28.41 17.180 548 885 P21 28.85 14.531 811 843 P22 28.90 13.414 755 857 P23 28.43 17.326 506 891 6: 5.1 ng c a s u ch n k t qu công vi c (P) 5.2 ng c a bi c l p (RORANG, MAUTHUAN_FT1, MAUTHUAN_FT2, KHACBIET_FT1, KHACBIET_FT2, QUATAI u ch n s ... c a nghiên u nh y u t n k t qu công vi c c a EXP làm vi c t i Vi t Nam T ng c a y u t n k t qu công vi c 1.3 p ng nghiên c u: K t qu công vi c c a EXP t i Vi t Nam Ph m vi nghiên c u: Nhi u y... k t qu công vi c m i quan h u ch nh công vi c c chi u gi a thành ph u ch nh t ng quát k t qu công vi c (trong nghiên c u này, k t qu công vi c EXP t 13 - M i quan h chi u gi a thành ph công vi... u ch nh công vi n k t qu công vi c (trong nghiên c u này, k t qu công vi - u ch nh v i công ng) Trong Parker McEvoy (1993) tìm th y m i quan h ngh ch gi a s u ch nh t ng quát k t qu công vi c,