Scan and OCR by maillo LIVING LANGUAGE FLUENT English Written by Barbara Raifsnider Edited by Christopher A. Warnasch Scan and OCR by maillo Contents Introduction LESSON 1 HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN HERE? 1 1 A Say It Clearly!: Pronunciation of-ed Ending 1 1 B English At Work: Dialogue – Making SmallTalk 1 1 C Build Your Vocabulary 2 1 D English Under the Hood: 1.The Present Perfect Tense vs. The Simple Past Tense 3 2.Verbs with Irregular Forms in the Past and Present Perfect Tenses 4 3.Using/or and since with the Present Perfect and Simple Past Tenses 5 1 E Phrasal Verbs with pick 6 1 F Real English: See You Later! 6 1 G Bring it All Together 7 1 H Listen Up! 9 1 I Why Do They Do That? Greetings and SmallTalk 9 LESSON 2 DON'T GO AWAYI 11 2 A Say It Clearly!:-s Endings 11 2 B English At Work: Recorded Message— The Hotel Royale 11 2 C Build Your Vocabulary 11 2 D English Under the Hood: 1. -s Endings in the Third Person Singular 14 2. The Negative Simple Present Tense 14 3. Questions in the Present Tense 15 2 E Phrasal Verbs with turn 16 2 F Real English: Hold On! 17 2 G Bring it All Together 17 2 H Listen Up! 19 2 I Why Do They Do That? Americans on the Move 19 LESSON 3 WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO DO? 21 3 A Say It Clearly!: Reductions 21 3 B English At Work: Dialogue -Would You Mind if I Looked at Your Resume? 21 3 C Build Your Vocabulary 22 3 D English Under the Hood: 1. Questions and Negatives in the Simple Past Tense 24 2. The Past Habitual: Used to, Didn't Use to, and Would Always 24 3. Making Polite Requests 26 3 E Phrasal Verbs with work 27 3 F Real English: Put Your Nose to the Grindstone 28 3 G Bring it All Together 28 3 H Listen Up! 30 3 I Why Do They Do That? Shaking Hands 30 LESSON 4 LAUGHING ALL THE WAY TO THE BANK 32 4 A Say It Clearly!: Y-Vowel Link 32 4 B English At Work: Reading - Banks in the U.S. 32 4 C Build Your Vocabulary 33 4 D English Under the Hood: 1. Simple Future vs. Immediate Future 34 2. The Present Continuous and Simple Present to Express the Future 35 3. The Simple Present Tense with Prepositions of Time 35 4 E Phrasal Verbs with pay 36 4 F Real English: In the Black 36 4 G Bring it All Together 37 4 H Listen Up! 39 4 I Why Do They Do That? Debt 39 LESSON 5 THE CUSTOMER'S ALWAYS RIGHT! 41 5 A Say It Clearly!: W-Vowel Link 41 5 B English At Work: Dialogue - Did You Need Some Help? 4 5 C Build Your Vocabulary 42 5 D English Under the Hood: 1. Prepositions of Time, Motion, and Location 43 2. Adjectives Followed by Prepositions 44 3. Verbs Followed by Prepositions 45 5 E Phrasal Verbs for Shopping 46 5 F Real English: Shop Till You Drop! 47 5 G Bring it All Together 47 5 H Listen Up! 49 5 I Why Do They Do That? Service with a Smile 50 LESSON 6 I HAVE GOT TO HAVE A NEW CAR! 51 6 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant-Vowel Link 51 6 B English At Work: Dialogue - Let's Go Look at My New Car. 51 6 C Build Your Vocabulary 52 6 D English Under the Hood: 1. Modals of Necessity 53 2. Modals of Advisability 54 3. Negative Modals 54 6 E Phrasal Verbs with come 55 6 F Real English: I Need Some New iWheels! 57 6 G Bring it All Together 57 6 H Listen Up! 59 6 I Why Do They Do That? Americans and Their Cars 59 LESSON 7 PUSHING THE ENVELOPE 61 7 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant-Consonant Linking 61 7 B English At Work: Reading - A Brief History of Mail Delivery in the U.S.A. 61 7 C Build Your Vocabulary 62 7 D English Under the Hood: 1. Degrees of Certainty in the Present Tense 63 2. Degrees of Certainty in the Past Tense 64 3. Degrees of Certainty in the Future Tense 65 Phrasal Verbs for Giving and Getting 66 Real English: Keeping in Touch with Friendly Advice 67 Bring it All 7 G Together 68 Listen Up! 70 7 H Why Do They Do That? Benjamin Franklin and the American Work Ethic 70 LESSON 8 YOUR RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES 72 8 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant-Consonant Linking 2 72 8 B English At Work: Dialogue - Do You Know Why I Pulled You Over? 72 8 C Build Your Vocabulary 73 8 D English Under the Hood: 1. The Passive Voice in the Simple Present and Present Continuous Tenses 75 2.The Passive Voice in the Present Perfect and Simple Past Tenses 75 3.The Passive Voice in the Simple Future and Immediate Future Tenses 76 Phrasal Verbs for Criminal Acts 76 8 F Real English: You're Busted! 77 8 G Bring it All Together 78 8 H Listen Up! 80 8 I Why Do They Do That? Some Important Driver's Responsibilities 80 LESSON 9 THIS IS PARADISE, ISN'T IT? 8 9 A Say It Clearly!: Intonation in Tag Questions 82 9 B English At Work: Reading - Aloha from Hawaii! 82 9 C Build Your Vocabulary 83 9 D English Under the Hood: 1. Tag Questions 84 2. Negative Questions 86 3. Beginning Sentences with Negative Adverbs 86 9 E Phrasal Verbs with look 87 9 F Real English: Your Island Getaway 88 9 G Bring it All Together 88 9 H Listen Up! 90 9 I Why Do They Do That? Travel in America 91 LESSON 10 TAKE ME OUT TO THE BALL GAME! 92 10 A Say It Clearly!: Intonation in Questions in Statement Form 92 10 B English At Work: Dialogue-It's a Great Day for Baseball! 92 10 C Build Your Vocabulary 93 10 D English Under the Hood: 1. Reported Speech: Past, Present, and Future 94 2. Using Modals in Reported Speech 95 3. Questions in Statement Form 96 10 E Phrasal Verbs with keep 97 10 F Real English: A Day at the Races 97 10 G Bring it All Together 98 10 H Listen Up! 100 10 I Why Do They Do That? The Super Bowl 100 LESSON 11 SNAIL MAIL JUST WON'T CUT IT! 103 11 A Say It Clearly!: The Vowels in seat and sit 103 11 B English At Work: Reading — A Brief History of the Internet 103 11 C Build Your Vocabulary 104 11 D English Under the Hood: 1. The Present Perfect Tense vs. The Present Perfect Progressive Tense 105 2. The Present Perfect Progressive Tense vs. The Past Perfect Progressive Tense 107 3. The Future Progressive Tense 107 11 E Phrasal Verbs for the Computer 108 11 F Real English: Life Online 109 11 G Bring it All Together no 11 H Listen Up! 112 11 I Why Do They Do That? The Internet Generation 112 LESSON 12 SHE'LL WIN BY A LANDSLIDE! 114 12 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant Clusters 114 12 B English At Work: Reading-America Divided, But Always United 114 12 C Build Your Vocabulary 115 12 D English Under the Hood: 1. The Progressive Form of Modals 116 2. The Use of would rather 117 3. Past Ability 118 12 E Phrasal Verbs for Winning and Losing 118 12 F Real English: Does She Have What it Takes? 119 12 G Bring it All Together 119 12 H Listen Up! 122 12 I Why Do They Do That? Religion in the U.S. 122 LESSON 13 PRIDE OF OWNERSHIP 124 13 A Say It Clearly!: Reductions with should, could, and would 124 13 B English At Work: Dialogue — Who Needs Buyer's Remorse? 124 13 C Build Your Vocabulary 125 13 D English Under the Hood: 1.Past Forms of should and shouldn't 126 2.Be supposed to and be to 127 3.Making Suggestions with could 127 13 E Phrasal Verbs for Buying and Selling a House 128 13 F Real English: Real Estate 129 13 G Bring it All Together 129 13 H Listen Up! 131 13 I Why Do They Do That? The American Dream of Home Ownership 132 LESSON 14 HIT THE BOOKS! 134 14 A Say It Clearly!: The Preposition to 134 14 B English At Work: Dialogue - He's Always Been a Good Student! 134 14 C Build Your Vocabulary 135 14 D English Under the Hood: 1. Verbs Followed by Infinitives 137 2. Adjectives Followed by Infinitives and It Plus Infinitive 138 3. Verbs Followed by Nouns or Pronouns Plus Infinitives 139 14 E Phrasal Verbs for School 140 14 F Real English: Life on Campus 140 14 G Bring it All Together 141 14 H Listen Up! 143 14 I Why Do They Do That? American Teachers 143 LESSON 15 LET'S GET TOGETHER SOMETIME! 145 15 A I Say It Clearly!:The Vowels in pull and pool 145 15 B English At Work: Dialogue — Who's That Over There? 145 15 C Build Your Vocabulary 147 15 D English Under the Hood: 1. Verbs Followed by Gerunds 149 2. Verbs Followed by Prepositions and Gerunds 149 3. Go plus Gerunds 150 15 E Phrasal Verbs about Relationships 151 15 F Real English: She's a Real Knockout! 152 15 G Bring it All Together 152 15 H Listen Up! 154 15 I Why Do They Do That? Drop by Anytime! 154 LESSON 16 WATERCOOLER CONVERSATIONS 156 16 A Say It Clearly!: The Vowel Sound in man 156 16 B i English At Work: Dialogue - What Do You Think About the New Boss? 156 16 C Build Your Vocabulary 157 16 D English Under the Hood: 1. Passive and Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds 158 2. Passive Infinitives and Gerunds after need 160 3. Using Possessives to Modify Gerunds 160 16 E Phrasal Verbs with take 161 16 F Real English: I Really Work My Tail Off! 162 16 G Bring it All Together 162 16 H Listen Up! 164 16 I Why Do They Do That? Watercooler Conversations 165 LESSON 17 THIS DIET MAY WORK FOR YOU! 166 17 A Say It Clearly!: Consonant Clusters with / and r 166 17 B English At Work: Dialogue — What are You Going to Get? 166 17 C Build Your Vocabulary 167 17 D English Under the Hood: 1. The Real Conditional in the Present and Future 168 2. The Unreal Conditional in the Present and Future 169 3. The Past Unreal Conditional 170 17 E Phrasal Verbs about Food 170 17 F Real English: This is Your Cup of Tea 171 17 G Bring it All Together 172 17 H Listen Up! 174 17I Why Do They Do That? Food Manners 174 LESSON 18 GET INTO SHAPE! 177 18 A Say It Clearly!: Linking Reductions with d, t, s, or z 177 18 B English At Work: Dialogue-Let Us Design a Fitness Program for You! 177 18 C Build Your Vocabulary 178 18 D English Under the Hood: 1. Implied Conditionals 199 2. Using wish in Conditionals 180 3. Using would to Make Wishes 181 18 E Phrasal Verbs for Health and Fitness 182 18 F Real English: You're the Picture of Health! 183 18 G Bring it All Together 183 18 H Listen Up! 185 18 I Why Do They Do That? The Fitness Craze 186 LESSON 19 911, EMERGENCY! 188 19 A Say It Clearly!: Dropping Syllables 188 19 B English At Work: Dialogue - Isn't This an Emergency? 188 19 C Build Your Vocabulary 189 19 D English Under the Hood: 1. Indirect Objects as Passive Subjects 191 2. The Stative Passive 191 3. Common Uses of Get 192 19 E Phrasal Verbs Related to Emergencies 193 19 F Real English: Keep Your Cool! 194 19 G Bring it All Together 194 19 H Listen Up! 196 19 I Why Do They Do That? HMO's vs. the Family Doctor 197 LESSON 20 JUST SHOOTING THE BREEZE 199 20 A Say It Clearly!: English Intonation 199 20 B English At Work: Dialogue - A Block Party 199 20 C Build Your Vocabulary 200 20 D English Under the Hood: 1. Participial Adjectives 201 2.Verbs of Perception 202 3.Reflexive Pronouns 203 20 E Phrasal Verbs with get 204 20 F Real English: Shooting the Breeze 205 20 G Bring it All Together 205 20 H Listen Up! 208 20 I Why Do They Do That? Body Language, Personal Space, and More 208 APPENDIX A IRREGULAR VERBS 211 APPENDIX B ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY PREPOSITIONS 213 APPENDIX C VERBS FOLLOWED BY PREPOSITIONS 214 APPENDIX D REAL ENGLISH IDIOMS 215 INDEX 221 INTRODUCTION Fluent English is a high intermediate-/advanced-level course in English as a second or foreign language. It is designed to meet the needs of the intermediate-level student in vocabulary, grammar, listening comprehension, idiomatic usage, and pronunciation. It offers a great deal of practice in each of these areas, through both written exercises and recorded materials. The language used in this course is realistic and practical, and the situations in each of its twenty lessons offer a cultural context that will be recognizable and relevant to most intermediate-level students of English. The course is divided into twenty lessons covering a range of topics from small talk and social situations, to telephones and business meetings, to computers, politics, and the Internet. Each lesson offers essential vocabulary related to its topic, as well as important phrasal verbs and idiomatic expressions that are typically challenging to the intermediate- level student. The lessons are divided into ten sections, each of which focuses on a different English language skill: • Say It Clearly! The first section of each lesson is a recorded pronunciation and intonation warm-up. These sections focus on aspects of pronunciation and intonation that are typically challenging for intermediate students of English — consonant clusters, linking, reduced English, challenging sounds, etc. • English at Work. The second section of each lesson features English in realistic contexts, ranging from dialogues to recorded messages to readings. The English at Work section is the cornerstone of each lesson, where the important grammatical structures and vocabulary are demonstrated. These sections are all recorded, giving the student an opportunity to hear and model native speakers. • Build Your Vocabulary. The vocabulary section of each lesson includes certain vocabulary from the English at Work section as well as other general vocabulary related to the topic of the lesson. Each word or expression is defined in simple English, and an example is given to show realistic usage. • English Under the Hood. Each lesson focuses on three important grammatical structures. Explanations are complete and straightforward, and plenty of examples are given to demonstrate each construction in context. Each grammatical point is also followed by a practice drill, giving the student a chance to practice and check comprehension. • Phrasal Verbs. Each lesson includes a list of important and common phrasal verbs centered either on a common base verb, such as take or get, or a particular theme. Each phrasal verb is clearly defined, and examples of usage follow each definition. • Real English. Important idiomatic expressions related to the topic or theme of each lesson are included in the Real English section. This section is in the form of a short paragraph, where idiomatic expressions are used in context. The student should be able to understand the meaning of each expression from context, but each idiom is also defined in an appendix at the back of the book. • Bring it All Together. Each lesson also includes five comprehensive review exercises. The first exercise focuses on the vocabulary from the lesson, the next three focus on the grammar and structure, and the last one focuses on the phrasal verbs introduced in that lesson. • Listen Up! Each lesson includes a recorded listening comprehension exercise. The student is directed to listen to a short article or dialogue on a topic related to the lesson, and then to answer questions written in the book. The Listen Up sections are designed to use both vocabulary and idiomatic expressions related to the theme of the lesson. • Why Do They Do That? Each lesson includes a culture note that explains an aspect of American culture related to the lesson's topic. These aspects of culture range from table manners to home ownership to driving habits to proper behavior while being pulled over for speeding. The culture notes are designed to be both interesting and relevant to the student's experiences. • Answer Key. Each lesson also includes a key to all exercises. KEY TO SYMBOLS When you see PLAY CD and listen to the examples or exercises on the audio portion of the course. When you see PAUSE CD and return to the book until you seethe next L e A R Le s w e wh wh in h in c • Th e • Us Si m • Ph • Idi o Fi n ac q 1A S A Tu E n 1B E N Di a Se m o str i Pe Pe Se Pe Se Pe Se e s R E YOU READ Y s son 1, How Lo n e ll: the INS offic e ich is somethin g ich Americans l h andy at the IN S c ludes: e Present Perfe c ing/or and sin c m ple Past Ten s rasal Verbs wit h o matic Expres s n ally, at the end q uaintances. B u A Y IT CLEA R rn on your CD t n glish. N GLISH AT W a logue: Makin g rgei, a Russian o ving very slow i kes up a conv e ter I guess Sergei ter I said I g j ust th a aren't g rgei Y eah. I ter I think I green- c That w a rgei Me? I' m ter Oh, wh e rgei I lived i n the mili s o Y FOR THE LE S n g Have You B e e . You'll listen i n g people unfort u l ike to make "s m S or anywhere y c t Tense vs. Th e c e with the Pres e s es h pick s ions for Sayin g of the lesson y u t let's start wit h R LY! t o review the pr o W ORK g Small Talk immigrant, is w ly. Peter, an A m e rsation. Sergei we didn't hav e What? g uess they thi n a t we've been i n g oing anywher e know. I've bee got here just a c ard applicatio n a y I could hav e m from Russia. e reabouts? n Moscow for m tary. o n How Lon g S SON? e en Here?, will t a n on a convers a u nately do very m all talk."Then, y ou have to fill o e Simple Past T e e nt Perfect an d g Goodbye ou'll read a cult h a pronunciatio o nunciation of- e w aiting in line a t m erican standi n is surprised by e anything els e n k that we did n n this line for a e very fast. n here since a a few minutes n for my wife. I e just stayed h o m ost of my lif e 1 g Have Yo u a ke you some w a tion between t w often, and whi c you'll learn so m o ut forms. But t h e nse d ure note about c n warm-up. Re a e d, a very impo r t the INS. The l n g in front of S e his friendlines s e to do today, d n 't have anyth i a very long tim bout 9:30. Wh a before you di d I should've go t o me. Say, whe e , but I moved u Been He r w here you may k w o people waiti n c h is also a situ a m e vocabulary t h h at's not all. Le s c asual greeting a dy? r tant ending in ine is very long e rgei, turns ar o s . d id we? i ng else to do t e. lt seems lik e a t about you? d . I decided to p t ten it off the I n re are you fro m a round a little . r e? now very n g in line, a tion in h at will come s son 1 also s and , and it's o und and t oday. It's e we p ick up a n ternet. m ? . I was in [...]... law To induce To influence some o eone to do something Robbie's older brother i s induced him to steal mo oney from their parents Lesson 1: How Long Have You Been Here? 3 To conspire To plan together in secret to do harm Kathy and Jane conspired to make Mary look foolish To solicit To ask for something of value, usually money Raymond got a job soliciting money for his political party To sabotage To. .. It's too loud b) To enter a road, especially a secondary road thought of as leading to a lower place You need to turn down this road and continue to the bottom of the hill c) To refuse It was a great job offer, but I had to turn it down because it was too much work Turn in a) To leave a street or highway and enter a driveway, parking lot, etc / think you can turn in here, where the sign says PARK b) To. .. just come to you b) To be employed by a person or company What company do you work for? Work in a) To fit into a schedule, especially a busy schedule Yes, Mr Schmitz, it looks like we can work you in at 1:30 today for an appointment b) To blend into or add gradually, especially using your hands After you make the dough you have to work in the other ingredients until everything is blended c) To add or... ardon given to a large group of individuals Th government f he granted amnes to all illegal i sty immigrants who had come to work in the fields o w s Procure To obtain, to buy, to take possessio of something of value Profe o on g essor Hodges wante to procure some ancient artif ed facts before retu urning from his s sabbatical in Africa To engage in To become inv volved in something, to do something... c) To be appealing or exciting (Also used to mean "sexually stimulating.") Dancing really turns me on and puts me in a great mood Turn out To come to a party, event, etc Wow! So many people turned out for your party! Turn over To reverse the position of something from right-side up to upside down Can you turn over my pancake before it burns? Turn up a) To appear somewhere, to be found Don't worry, your. .. adjustments to someone's schedule or needs Karen, don't worry about your kids We can work around your schedule so that you'll be home when they leave school Work at To put a lot of effort into something To pay attention The only reason I speak French so well is that I work at it It doesn't just come naturally Work for a) To put effort into achieving something In the present day economy you really have to work... during its games Lesson 2: Don't Go Away! 13 Grotto A cave or cavern, an artificial structure made to look like a cave The zoo had to fashion a variety of grottos for the animals to hide in when they wanted privacy Legendary Similar to a story handed down from the past; something that is spoken of by many people over many years The children love to read stories about legendary heroes, such as Robin Hood... basic form of the verb:/ speak, you speak, we speak, they speak, but he speaks, she speaks, it speaks The -s ending becomes -ies if the verb ends in a -y- Ifly,you,fly, we fly, they fly, but he flies, she flies, it flies The -s ending becomes -es if the verb ends in one of these letters or letter combinations:-s (you dress, she dresses),-sh (I wish, he wishes),-ch (they touch, it touches), or -x (you fix,... afternoon 3 If you climb to the top of a mountain, you can have a _ view of the valley below 4 Many people around the world consider Chinese to be their favorite _ 18 FLUENT ENGLISH 5 When Karen got engaged she chose the most diamond ring 6 I just have to go to Hawaii; the islands _me! 7 We drove most of the night to find the cheapest _ 8 A lot of people _ to lose weight in... America tend to mov around a gre deal during their e ced ans ve eat lives T This begins you ung, often right a after high schoo with the first separation from a ol, s m person family It's a tradition for you people to m n's ung move away from their 20 FLUENT ENGLISH hometowns to go to college, often going to a college or university on the other side of the country But even if they decide not to continue . Used to, Didn't Use to, and Would Always 24 3. Making Polite Requests 26 3 E Phrasal Verbs with work 27 3 F Real English: Put Your Nose to the Grindstone 28 3 G Bring it All Together. English, challenging sounds, etc. • English at Work. The second section of each lesson features English in realistic contexts, ranging from dialogues to recorded messages to readings. The English. native speakers. • Build Your Vocabulary. The vocabulary section of each lesson includes certain vocabulary from the English at Work section as well as other general vocabulary related to the topic