SLf NGHIEP VA TU" TU'ONG H6 CHI MINH Tl/TirONG HO CHf MINH VC MOI QURN H€ GlUn CflCH MflNG CHINH QUOC Vfl CflCH MRNG THUOC m • • • ThS PHAM QU6C THANH* 7f\ rong nhihig nim 20 eiia the ky XX, ^U/ trudc thyc tiln cua nhan din thudc dia. cua giai cap cdng nhan va nhan dan lao ddng tren the gidi, Hd Chi Minh da chi ro van menh cua giai cip vd san the gidi va dac biet la van menh cua giai cip vd sin d cac nude di xam luge thudc dia ein gan chat vdi van menh ciia giai cap bj ip biic d cae thude dia, vi vay, cupc cich mang giii phdng dan tpc d thude dia va cupc cich mang giai phdng giai cap vd san va nhan dan lao dpng d cae nude di ip birc cd moi quan he mat thilt vdi nhau trong sy nghiep chung tieu diet chu nghTa dl quoc (CNDQ). Theo Ngudi, sy nghiep cua ngudi ban xii gin mat thilt vdi sy nghiep cua vd sin toan the gidi. Ho Chi Minh cho ring "cich menh chia ra hai thir" dd la "dan tdc each menh" va "the gidi cich menh"; hai thii cich menh dd tuy cd khic nhau, vi din tdc cich menh thi chua phan giai cap, cdn the gidi cich menh thi vd sin giai cap dung diu di trudc; nhung 2 cupc cich menh iy vin cd quan he vdi nhau, "each menh An Nam vdi cich menh Phap phai lien lac vdi nhau"'' Va * Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi phai thyc hien sy lien minh chat che giira each mang vd sin d chinh qudc vdi cich mang giai phdng dan tdc d thudc dia, vi "chi cd sy hgp tic nay mdi bio dim cho giai cap cdng nhan qudc tl gianh dugc thing Igi cudi ciing"^ Theo Hd Chi Minh, Lenin la ngudi dau tien da kien quyet len an mgi thanh kien cua cac nha cich mang chau Au va chau My ve van de nay; la ngudi dau tien da hieu va dinh gii hit tim quan trgng Idn lao ciia viec ldi cuon nhan dan cac nude thudc dia vao phong trio cich mang, ddng thdi ciing la ngudi dau tien da chi rd ring neu khdng cd sy tham gia cua cic dan tdc thupc dia thi cich mang xa hdi khdng thi cd dugc. Tham nhuin quan diem cua Lenin, Ngudi keu gpi: "Theo Lenin, each mang d phuong Tay mudn thing Igi thi nd phai lien he chat che vdi phong trio giii phdng chdng chii nghTa de qudc d eie nude thudc dia va cac nude bi nd dich"^ va "vi chiing ta ty coi minh la hpc trd ciia Lenin, eho nen chiing ta cin phai tap trung tit ca siic lyc va nghi lue dl thyc hien tren thyc tl nhiing ldi di huin quy biu ciia Lenin ddi vdi chiing ta vl vin dl thudc dia cung nhu cic vin dl khic"" Trong Thu giri Ban Chdp TAP CHi LICH Sir DANG - S6 2/2012 35 su NGHIEP VA TU' TU'ONG H6 CHi MINH hdnh Qudc ti Cdng sdn (11-4-1924), Ngudi chi rd ring, nhiing thudc dia cua Phap ndi chung, thudc dia Ddng Duong ndi rieng it dugc biet den trong gidi vd sin va cdng sin; ngay ci Qudc te Cdng sin va Ding Cdng sin Phap ciing rit it dupe thdng tin ve nhiing gi xiy ra d nhiing thudc dia dd; do viy "Neu chiing ta mudn boat ddng mdt each cd ich ve van de thude dia thi nhat thiet phii bit lien lac vdi cic thudc dia do"' Ngudi da phe phin quan diem cho ring khdng can lien minh true tiep vdi phong frao giai phdng d cic nude thudc dja, giai cip vd sin chau Au ciing cd the thang Igi dugc vi khing dinh: "chimg nao ma Ding Phip vi Dang Anh chiing ta chua thi hanh mpt chinh sich that tich cyc trong van de thude dia, tham chi chua de cap den quan chiing cic nude thudc dia, thi toan bd chuang trinh rdng Idn cua hai ding do van khdng cd hieu qui gi"* Tir sy nhan thiie sau sic bin chat eua CNDQ thyc din. Ho Chi Minh chi rd chiing khdng chi la ke thii ciia cae dan tpc bi ip birc, ma cdn la ke thii chung cua giai cap cdng nhan va nhan dan lao ddng chinh qudc. Bing hinh anh con dia hai vdi, Ngudi da khac hpa chin dung ke thii chung iy mdt cich sinh ddng: "Chii nghTa tu ban li mpt con dia cd mdt cii vdi bim vao giai cap \6 sin d chinh qudc va mdt cii vdi khic bam vao giai cip vd sin d cac thudc dia. Neu ngudi ta mudn gilt eon vat iy, ngudi ta phai ddng thdi cit ci hai vdi. NIU ngudi ta chi eit mdt vdi thdi, thi cai vdi kia van tiep tuc hiit mau ciia giai cap vd san; con vat van tiep tuc sdng va cii vdi bi cat diit lai se mpc ra"^ Phan tich am muu tham dpc cua CNDQ thyc dan, Hd Chi Minh edn chi rd thu doan tinh vi, xao quyet cua chiing khdng chi dii vdi nhan dan eac dan tdc thudc dia va ca vdi giai cap vd sin d chinh qudc; ddng thdi vach tran muu md tham dpc cua CNDQ trong viec gay mau thuan va su bin thii giiia cae dan tdc va giiia giai cap vd sin cac nude vdi nhau. Chinh vi giai cap vd sin 6 ca hai ding diu khdng hieu biet lan nhau, "nen da xay ra nhiing thanh kien" Ho Chi Minh cdn vach rd thii doan tham dpe cua CNDQ thyc dan trong nhieu tie pham. Trong bai "Dpi quan chdng cich mang", ding tren bio Ddi sdng cdng nhdn, ngay 7-9-1923, Hd Chi Minh ehi rd, dieu ma giai cap cdng nhan Phip khdng the khdng biet den la ehu nghTa tu ban dya vio thupc dia de chdng lai tat ca mpi phong trao giai phdng. Ngudi keu gpi cdng nhan Phip co nhiem vu phii hanh ddng, phai kit tinh anh em vdi binh linh bin xu, phai Iam cho binh linh bin xu hieu rang ca cdng nhan d chinh qudc lan binh linh d thudc dia, diu ciing bi chung mdt bpn chii ap birc va bde lot. deu la anh em cimg mdt giai cip va khi tdi liic phii chien dau, thi ca hai ben diu phai cimg dinh bpn chii ehung cua minh. Tir thyc tiln phong trio each mang va phan cich mang tren thi gidi Hd Chi Minh nhan thay, tuy rang Qudc tl Cdng sin da lim cho van de thudc dia cd dugc tam quan 36 TAP CHi LICH SLf OANG - S6 2/2012 SU" NGHIEP VA TU" TU'ONG H6 CHi MINH trpng xirng dang vdi nd bing each coi nd la thudc ve nhung vin dl thdi sy khan truong nhat, nhung trong thyc tien, "eac ban thupc dia d cae cudng qudc thyc dan, cho den nay vin chua quan tim den vin de nay, tham chi cic ban nay ciing chua xem xet van de mdt each nghiem tiic Sy khdng hoat ddng nay cd le do cic dong chi chiing ta khdng hieu biet tinh hinh chinh xie cua nhiing xii bi ip birc"* Va mpt thyc te la cic Ding Cdng sin Anh, Hi Lan, Bi vi cic dang cdng sin d mdt sd nude khic ma giai cap tu sin d day chiem giii thudc dia, thi tir khi chap nhan ban Luan cuong ciia Lenin "hiu nhu chua" lam dugc gi de giio due cho giai cap cdng nhan nude minh tinh than qudc te chii nghTa chan chinh, tinh than gan giii vdi quan chung lao ddng cic nude thudc dia. Vdi Dang Cpng sin Phip, Hd Chi Minh liy lam tiee phai ndi ring Ding Cdng san Phip lim rat it cho cae nude thudc dia. Khdng chi khing djnh sy cin thiet phii gan ket cich mang thudc dia va cich mang chinh qudc, Hd Chi Minh cdn chu dpng neu ra nhiing bien phip cu thi de hanh dpng. Theo Ngudi, dl ra nhung luan cuong dai ding dac vi thdng qua nhiing nghj quylt rat keu de roi sau do dua vao vien bao tang nhu tir trudc van lam thi chua du ma phii hanh ddng thiet thyc. Trong bai Phdt biiu tai phiin hpp thic 22 Dai hpi Idn thir V ciia Qudc ti Cdng sdn (1-7-1924), Hd Chi Minh da dl nghi: md tren bio L Humaniti mpt mue de dang deu dan hing tuan it nhat hai cdt cic bai ve van de thudc dia; tang cudng tuyen truyen va tuyen lya dang vien cua Ding trong nhiing ngudi bin xir d nhiing nude thudc dia da cd phan bp cdng sin; giri nhirng ngudi ban xii vao Trudng Dai hpc Cdng sin cua nhirng ngudi lao ddng phuong Ddng d Mitxcova; thda thuan vdi Tdng lien doan lao ddng thdng nhit de td chiic nhiing ngudi lao ddng ciia eac nude thudc dia lam viec d Phap; dat nhiem vu cho cic dang vien cua Dang phai quan tam hon nira den van de thudc dia. Hd Chi Minh mong mudn vi tin tudng rang mat tran thdng nhat ciia nhan din chinh qudc. (Phip) vi thudc dia sdm trd thanh sy that. Ngudi keu gpi: "Viec td chirc cdng doin d cic nude thupc dia cd mdt tam quan trpng dac biet Khdng dugc quen nhung ngudi lao ddng thudc dia, phii giiip do cic to "chiic cua hp, dau tranh ben bi chdng nhiing chinh phu cua chinh qudc dang ip birc cic thudc dja, dd la mdt trong nhiing nhiem vu cap thiet nhat ciia tat ci cic cdng doan cich mang, nhat la d cic nude cd giai cap tu sin di nd dich va bde lot cac nude thudc dia vi nira thudc dia"' Nhu vay, ngay tir rat sdm, Hd Chi Minh da nhan ra mdi quan he mat thiet giiia cich mang chinh qudc va cich mang thudc dia. Theo Ngudi, CNDQ khdng chi la ke thii cua cac din tdc bi ip birc, mi cdn la ke thii cua nhan dan lao ddng d chinh qudc. Do dd, khdng chi doan kit nhan dan cic dan TAP CHi LICH SLfOANG - S6 2/2012 37 su NGHIEP VA TU TU'ONG H6 CHi MINH tdc thudc dia de chdng lai chiing, mi each mang giii phdng dan tdc nude ta cdn phai doin ket vdi giai cap vd sin tren the gidi. Vi trong sudt qui trinh hoat ddng cich mang cua minh, Ngudi da no lyc hit minh cho sy gin ket chat che giiia phong trao cich mang chinh qudc vdi phong trao cich mang d thude dia. Hd Chi Minh da ciing vdi nhirng ngudi yeu nude cua cic thudc dia khic sang lap Hdi Lien hiep thudc dia mi muc dich chinh eua Hdi li doan ket nhin dan cic nude thudc dja trong mpt mat tran chdng CNDQ. Trong Tuyen ngdn ciia Hdi Lien hiep thude dia do Hd Chi Minh soan thio, ciing keu gpi xay dyng quan he doan ket ehien dau giiia nhan dan cic nude thudc dia vdi giai cip cdng nhan va nhan dan lao ddng chinh qudc: ''Hai cdc ban bi dp buc d chinh qudc] Giai cap tu sin trong nude cac ban da lira ddi cic ban, diing cic ban lam cdng cu di xam lupc dat nude chiing tdi. Ngay nay, van dung cii chinh sich quy quyet ay. giai cdp tu sdn nude cdc bqn Iqi dinh diing chung tdi de ddn dp mpi ed gang tu gidi phdng eua cdc bqn. Dirng trudc chii nghTa tu ban vi chu nghTa dl qudc, quyen Igi cua chiing ta la thdng nhit, cic ban hay nhd ldi keu ggi eiia Cac Mie: "Vd san tat ca cac nude, doan kit lai!"'" Nhic den mdi lien he giiia cich mang chinh qudc va cich mang thudc dia, Hd Chi Minh da khing dinh: "khdng cdn xa lam giai cip vd sin chinh qudc se lam nhiem vu ciia minh: hp se tdng cd tit ei bpn an bim ra khdi cira; sau khi da giai phdng minh, hp se giai phdng nhiing ngudi anh em d Ddng Duong; dugc giai phdng khdi ich de qu6c chu nghTa, nhan dan Ddng Duong nhit djnh se ty hao va hanh phiic"" Vilt vl phong trao cich mang Ddng Duong va Viet Nam, trong tic pham Dudng Kdch minh, Hd Chi Minh lai khing dinh tinh chu ddng ciia each mang thupc dia va sy tic ddng trd lai eua nd ddi vdi each mang vd san d chinh qudc, ring "An Nam dan tdc each menh thinh cdng thi tu ban Phip yeu, tu ban Phap yeu thi cdng ndng Phap lam giai cap cich menh ciing de" Theo quan diem ciia Ngudi, cich mang giai phdng dan tdc d thupc dia khdng nhiing khdng phu thupc vao cich mang vd sin d chinh qudc, ma co khi nang gianh thang Ipi trudc cich mang chinh qudc, va han niia nd edn tao dilu kien thuan Igi cho each mang chinh qu6c mau din thanh cdng. Quan dilm cua Hd Chi Minh vl doan ket lyc lugng cich mang qudc tl va each mang thudc dia ludn phai neu cao tinh than ty lyc ty cudng va tinh chu ddng cich mang, khdng dugc trdng ehd y lai vao su giiip dd ciia ben ngoai. Thyc tien sinh dpng cua lich sii cich mang Viet Nam da chiing minh tinh diing dan ciia tu tudng Hd Chi Minh moi quan he giiia each mang d chinh qudc vdi cich mang thudc dia. 1, 2, 9, 10. Hd Chi Minh Todn tap, Nxb CTQG, H, 2009, T. 2, tr. 266,124,126-127,128 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11. Sdd T. 1, tr. 277, 282, 251, 277, 298, 27, 483. 38 TAP CHi LICH SLP OANG • S6 2/2012 . mang Viet Nam da chiing minh tinh diing dan ciia tu tudng Hd Chi Minh moi quan he giiia each mang d chinh qudc vdi cich mang thudc dia. 1, 2, 9, 10. Hd Chi Minh Todn tap, Nxb CTQG,. chii ehung cua minh. Tir thyc tiln phong trio each mang va phan cich mang tren thi gidi Hd Chi Minh nhan thay, tuy rang Qudc tl Cdng sin da lim cho van de thudc dia cd dugc tam quan 36 TAP. giai cap cdng nhan nude minh tinh than qudc te chii nghTa chan chinh, tinh than gan giii vdi quan chung lao ddng cic nude thudc dia. Vdi Dang Cpng sin Phip, Hd Chi Minh liy lam tiee phai