LESSON 1 : TENSES ( Các thì ) 1. SIMPLE PRESENT: (HTĐ) Affir : S+V 1 /V s, es Ex : Water boils at 100 o c. Neg: S+ do/ does + not+ V 1 Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry. Inter: Do/ does+ S + V 1 …? Ex : How often do you go to school? *(Be):am, is, are not ; (have):has/ have not +got = do / does + not + have Diễn tả :  Tình cảm, cảm giác, nhận thức ở hđộng.  Thói quen, phong tục, tập quán.  Chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên. Với : EVERY (day, year…), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER, EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month…), all the time, now and then . . Notes : Qui tắc thêm es đối với động từ có S số ít : - Các động từ tận cùng là : o, sh, ch, x, s, và z . - Các động từ tận cùng là y mà đứng trước y là một phụ âm ta đổi y  i + es ( She studies, Tom tries, He plays . . .). 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HTTD) S + am/ is/ are + V ing Ex: We are studying English now. S + am/ is/ are + not + V ing Ex: She isn’t writing when he comes. Am/ Is/ Are + S + V ing ? Ex: What are you doing while I am doing? Diễn tả :  Hđộng đang xảy ra ở Htại vào lúc nói viết. Với : AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW 3. PRESENT PERFECT: (HTHT) Diễn tả:  Hđộng Qk ko rõ tg.  Hđộng vừa mới xảy ra.  Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qk, vẫn còn tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể tiếp tục ở Tlai. Với: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL TIMES, SINCE + mốc TG, FOR + khoảng TG, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO FAR… 4. SIMPLE PAST (QKĐ) S + V 2 ed Ex: I saw him yesterday. S + did + not + V 1 Ex: She didn’t come last week. Did + S + V 1 ? Ex: Did Mr. Lee phone an hour ago? *(Be) : was / were → wasn’t, weren’t Diễn tả: - Hđộng đã xảy ra & chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong Qk ( xác định rõ TG) Với: - YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year…) 5. PAST CONTINUOUS (QKTD S + was/ were + Ving Ex: We were watching TV at 7 pm yesterday. S + was/ were + not + Ving Ex:I was writing while my father was reading. Was / were + S + Ving ? Ex: She was sleeping as the telephone rang. Diễn tả:  Hđộng xảy ra ở 1 giờ / khoảng giờ Qk xác định ( at 7pm, from 6 to 7, …)  2 hđộng diễn ra // ở Qk. (while: trong khi)  1 hđộng Qk đang kéo dài thì 1 hđ ngắn đngột xảy ra (S + V 2 ed ) Với: AT THAT TIME, AT THAT MOMENT… 6. SIMPLE FUTURE (TLĐ) S + will / shall + V 1 Ex: I’ll buy it tomorrow. S + will / shall + not + V 1 Will / Shall + S + V 1 ? *Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t. Diễn tả:  Hđ sẽ xảy ra trong tlai. S + has/ have + V 3 ed Ex: I’ve just opened the door. Ex: We have studied English for many years. S + has/ have + not + V 3 ed Ex: Jack hasn’t come recently. Has/ Have + S + V 3 ed ? Ex: How long have you studied English?  Lời yêu cầu (Will you + V 1 …? ); Đề nghị ( Shall I / we + V 1 …?) Với: TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…) LESSON 2: PREPOSITIONS ( Giới từ) A. COMMON PREPOSITION: I. Prep. Of Place: 1. IN: ở trong ( 1 nơi/ vùng/ khu vực/ quốc gia/ thành phố/ …) Ex: in the room/ Asia/ Britain/ London/ … in bed/ newspaper/ magazines/ the world/… 2. ON: ở trên Ex: on the table/ the board/ the floor/ … on TV/ the radio/ telephone/ the way/ the street/ horse back/ … 3. AT : ở tại (địa điểm nhỏ). Ex: at the desk/ the station/ the airport/ 72 Pham Ngu Lao street…. at home/ school/ work… 4. FROM : từ (nơi xuất phát). Ex: Mr. Mac Donald is from Scotland. 5. TO: đến (đích) . Ex: Elizabeth went to the store. 6. BETWEEN : ở giữa (2 người / vật). Ex: Mai is sitting between Nam and Nga. 7. AMONG: ở giữa , trong số Ex : The letter is somewhere among these papers. II. Prep. Of Time 1. IN: 1977( 1890, 2008…) the summer (winter…) April (May, August…) the morning (afternoon, evening…) time: kịp lúc an hour - Ex : I will arrive in an hour 2. ON : holiday 3. AT: 7 o’clock weekend night Monday midnight 15, October noon October 15 th 1977 (the) weekend Monday morning Christmas Christmas day the end of time : đúng lúc the moment fire : đang cháy 4. SINCE (+ mốc TG): kể từ … Ex: He has studied English since 1900. 5. FOR (+ 1 khoảng TG) : được… Ex: _________________ for 17 years 6. FROM: từ 7. TO : đến Ex: I lived in village from 1977 to 1992. III. Some Other Prep. : 1. By : bằng ,bởi. Ex: They can enrich the soil by using fertilizers. * by bus/ car/ train/ plane/ … 2. On foot: đi bộ 3. For : cho , vì, để (chỉ mục đích) . Ex: What would you like for breakfast? Ex: Some people read for pleasure. 4. With : với , bằng. Ex: He went with her. Ex: I can write better with my own pen. 5. About : về. Ex: What do you think about her? 6. Of : của. Ex: The window of the living room. B. PREPOSITIONS FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES: 1. Adj + TO : acceptable, accustomed, agreeable, contrary, harmful, important, kind, likely, lucky, open, pleasant, similar, familiar, helpful, (but: it’s very kind of you.) 2. Adj + IN : interested, rich, successful 3. Adj + OF : afraid, ahead, aware, capable,confident, full, tired, sure, proud 4. Adj + FOR : available, difficult, late, perfect, useful, famous, responsible, sorry (S.O) 5. Adj + FROM : absent, different, safe, far 6. Adj + AT : clever, present, quick, skilful, good, bad, (angry at something/ with someone) 7. Adj + WITH : acquainted, crowed, friendly, popular, busy, bored, pleased, fed up 8. Adj + ABOUT : confused, sad, serious, worried, sorry (S.T C. VERB + NOUN ( PHRASE) + PREPOSITION: 1. catch sight of : trông thấy 2. give place to : nhường chỗ cho 3. give way to : nhượng bộ ,tránh đường cho 4. keep pace with : theo kịp, sánh bước 5. lose sight of : mất hút, không thấy 6. lose touch with : mất liên lạc với 7. lose track of : mất dấu vết của 8. make allowance for: chiếu cố đặc biệt 9. make fun of : chế nhạo 10.make a fuss over/ about : cuống quýt về việc gì 11. make room for : dọn chỗ cho 12. make use of : sử dụng 13. pay attention to : chú ý đến 14. put a stop to : làm dừng lại 15. put an end to : chấm dứt 16. set fire to : châm lửa, đốt 17. take account of : chú ý đến 18. take advantage of : lợi dụng 19. take care of : chăm sóc 20. take note of : chú ý đến 21. take notice of : chú ý tới D. GO + PREPOSITION: 1. after: đuổi theo 7. down: giảm giá ≠ up: tăng giá 2. ahead: được tiến hành 8. on: tiếp tục 3. along: tiến triển 9. off: nổ 4. away: ra đi, rời khỏi nơi nào 10. out: tắt 5. back: trở về 11. over: xem xét kỹ 6. by: trôi qua( thời gian) E. CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÁC 1. belong to : thuộc về 2. on the contrary : ngược lại 3. on the whole : nói chung 4. be up to = depend on : tuỳ thuộc vào 5. listen to : lắng nghe 6. suffer from : bị, chịu 7. free from : giải phóng khỏi 8. write …to : viết … cho… 9. wait for : chờ 10. ask …for : hỏi xin 11. look at : nhìn 12. look after : chăm sóc 13. look up : tra từ điển 14. look out : nhìn ra ngoài 15. look for : tìm kiếm 16. laugh at : cười nhạo LESSON 3: WORD FORM ( Từ Loại ) A. PARTS OF SPEECH: I. Noun (n) 1) n + V : làm S cho V 2) V + n : làm O cho V 3) prep. + n : làm O cho prep. 4) be (là) + n : làm C ( C : complement: bổ ngữ) 5) adj + n Ex: People can see new film at the cinema. S O O He is a scientist. C * Notes: - a, an ,the - this, that, these, those - some, any, many, … + n - my, your, Tom’s, … II. Adjective (adj.): 1) adj + n 2) adv + adj 3) be (thì, là ), look có vẻ), feel, become, taste (có mùi), smell ( có vị), get, grow,remain, stay, turn, seem, appear, sound, … + adj Ex: That young girl is very beautiful . III. Adverb (adv): 1) S + V i + adv Ex: They arrived safely. 2) S + V t + O + adv Ex: She did the housework disappointedly. 3) S + V aux + adv + V main Ex: He can surely do it 4) adv + adj Ex: He is reasonably right. 5) adv + adv Ex: Jack runs very quickly. 6) S + V + adv Ex: We have bought it at that store recently. ( or: adv + S + V + …. ) (or: Recently we have bought it at that store.) IV. Verb (v) : V đứng sau S. Các hình thức ≠ của V còn được dùng ở nhiều vị trí khác. Participle: Present participle ( V ing ) Past participle ( V 3 ed ) 1) Used in Continuous tenses ( V ing ) 2) Used in Perfect tenses & Passive voice (V 3 ed ) 3) Used as Adj: V ing  Active meaning V 3 ed  Passive meaning Ex: a/ The match excites the fans. The match is exciting. The fans are excited. b/ The children have seen an interesting film. The children are interested in the film. B. FORMATION OF N, ADJ, V: I. V + suffix  n : V + -tion, ation : conservation, preservation, prevention -ment : development -er : fertilizer -ing : poisoning, dirtying - age : drainage -0 : safeguard II. n + suffix  adj : - ful : harmful, useful, delightful, successful,hopeful, helpful, peaceful - less : childless, odourless, speechless, restless, careless, harmless, treeless - ly : manly, brotherly, worldly, hourly, yearly, daily. n + - like : childlike, godlike, lifelike, statesmanlike = adj - y : dusty, snowy, rainy, sandy, dirty, healthy. - ish : foolish, selfish, childish - al : magical, agricultural, industrial, natural. LESSON 4: ACTIVE or PASSIVE VOICE ( Chủ Động và Thụ Động Cách) A: S + V + O P: S + BE + V 3 ed + by O (chia thì theo động từ của câu Active) (A : Active P : Passive) Ex: 1/ A: Tom eats apples every day. P: Apples are eaten by Tom every day. 2/ A: They saw him in the shop. P: He was seen in the shop ( by them ) ACTIVE PASSIVE V 1 / V s/es V 2 ed Am/ is /are Was / were + V 3 ed + V 3 ed Am/ is /are + V ing Was / were Am/ is /are + being Was / were Has / have + V 3 ed Had Has / have + been Had LESSON 5: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES ( Câu Điều Kiện) Types and Use (Loại và Cách dùng ) If Clause ( Mđề IF) Main Clause ( Mđề chính) 1. Future Possible → ĐK có thể xảy ra ở HT&TL V 1 /s /es IF + S + do /does +not + V 1 *BE: am, is ,are will S + shall + V 1 can may 2. Present Unreal: → ĐK không thể xảy ra ở HT&TL V 2 ed IF + S + did not + V 1 *BE: were would S+ should + V 1 could might Ex: 1. If it is fine, we will go. 2. I’d fly everywhere if I were a bird. 3. If you had met the president yesterday, what would you have done?  Sentence Transformation: A/ UNLESS = IF … NOT If + Neg. form = Unless + Affir. form am /is/ are not do /does not + V 1 If + S + did not+V 1 were not had not+ V 3 ed am /is/ are V 1/s /es = UNLESS + S + V 2 ed were had + V 3 ed Ex: If you didn’t study hard, you’d get bad marks. = Unless you studied hard, you’d get bad marks. Note: Nếu câu với Mđề IF Kđịnh, Mđề chính ở thể Pûđịnh , ta có thể chuyển sang UNLESS = cách đổi Mđề chính thành thể Kđịnh. Ex: If you are lazy, you can’t be successful = Unless you are lazy, you can be successful. LESSON 6: GERUND AND INFINITIVE ( Danh Động Từ & Động Từ Nguyên Mẫu) A. GERUND (V ing ) : đóng vai trò V & N cùng một lúc. Vai trò: 1. S ( Ex: Learning English is easily.) 2. O - Sau prep. (Ex: We are interested in studying English.) - Sau một số V (Ex: I enjoy swimming.) 3. C (Ex: Conservation is the safeguarding and the preservation of natural resources.) Notes: The + V ing + of + n ( Ex: The reclaiming of land.) B. GERUND OR INFINITIVE : I. Các động từ được theo sau bằng động từ nguyên mẫu ( To+V 1 ) Theo qui luật thông thường, động từ nào đúng sau một động từ khác thì phải ở dạng nguyên mẫu (TO +V 1 ) Ex: a) I would like to speak to Mr. Duran. b) Mary asked John to help her. c) My brother wants to become a pharmacist. d) Every body is expecting her to come. II. Các động từ & cụm từ được theo sau bằng V ing : 1. acknowledge 2. admit 3. appreciate 4. avoid 5. celebrate 6. consider 7. delay =postpone 8. deny 9. detest 10. discontinue 11. discuss 12. dislike 13. endure 14. enjoy 15. escape 16. explain 17. fancy = imagine 18. feel like 19. finish 20. forgive 21. include 22. involve 23. justify 24. keep(continue) 25. mention 26. mind 27. miss 28. practise 29. prevent 30. prohibit 31. propose 32. quit 33. recall 34. report 35. resent 36. resist 37. risk 38. suggest 39. support 40. tolerate 41. understand 42. be accustomed to = be used to 43. be busy 44. be worth 45. can’t help 46. can’t stand 47. get used to = become accustomed to 48. look forward to 49. it’s no good 50. it’s no use III. Các động từ được theo sau bằng V ing / To V 1 nhưng khơng dổi nghĩa: 1. continue 5. begin 2. dread 6. hate 3. like 7. love 4. prefer 8. start Ex: She started to learn English when she was 5 years old. ↔ She started learning English when she was 5 years old. IV. Các động từ được theo sau bằng V ing / To V 1 nhưng dổi nghĩa: 1. FORGET, REGET, To V 1 : sẽ xảy ra ( Tlai) + REMEMBER V ing : đãõ xảy ra ( Qkhứ) Ex: a) Remember to send John a present. Today is his birthday. b) I remember meeting you somewhere before but I’m sorry I forget your name. 2. TRY + To V 1 : cố gắng làm. V ing : thử làm. Ex: a) She tries to pass the entrance exam to the college. b) Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door. 3. STOP + To V 1 : dừng lại để làm việc gì khác. V ing : dừng lại khơng làm việc gì (đang làm) nữa. Ex: a) Feeling sleepy, the driver stopped to drink a coffee b) That old man tried to stop smoking because of his bad cough. 4. NEED + To V 1 : cần phải làm ( ý chủ động). V ing : cần phải được làm ( ý bị động). Ex: a) Tom needs to work harder. b) The grass in front of the house needs cutting. V. Một số trường hợp khác: 1. ADVISE O + To V 1 Ex: The police allow us to go there ALLOW + PERMIT RECOMMEND V ing Ex: The police allow going there. 2. FEEL HEAR + V o / V ing ( đang) Ex: We saw David jog in the park. SEE jogging in the park. WATCH HELP 3. MAKE + O + V o Ex: Please let me go. LET NOTICE 4. WOULD RATHER + V o Ex: I’d rather drink tea than coffee. HAD BETTER ( not ) You’d better not go out. LESSON 7 : CLAUSES & PHRASES OF CAUSES & EFFECTS (Mệnh Đề Và Cụm Từ Chỉ Nguyên Nhân Và Kết Quả) 1. Ex: The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it. He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test. 2. Ex: It is such hot tea that I can’t drink. He was such a bad driver that he couldn’t pass the driving test. 3. S + be / V ord + TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO + V 1 (+ O)* ( quá nên không thể…) * Bỏ ‘for O’ khi O này = S hoặc chỉ chung chung. * Bỏ O của ‘to V’ khi O này = S Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink. He drove too badly to pass the driving test. 4/ be +adj S + ________ + enough + (for +O) + To V 1 ( + O ) V ord + adv (đủ… để…) Ex: The tea is not warm enough for me to drink. He didn’t drive well enough to pass the driving test.  Sentence Transformation: a/ S(n) + be + SO + adj + THAT… It /This /That ↔ + be + SUCH + (a/ an) +adj + n + THAT… He/ She/ They Ex: The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it. ↔ It is such hot tea that I can’t drink it. b/ S + V ord + SO + adv + THAT … ↔ S + be + SUCH + (a/an) + adj + n + THAT… Ex: He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test. ↔ He was such a bad driver that __________________________. c/ S + V + SO + adj / adv + THAT + S + V + (O )* S + V + TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO + V 1 (+ O)* * Bỏ ‘for O’ khi O này = S hoặc chỉ chung chung. * Bỏ O của ‘To V’ khi O này = S Ex: a) The tea is so hot that I can’t drink. ↔ The tea is too hot for me to drink. S + be / V ord + SO + adj / adv + THAT + S + V ( quá… đến nổi…) S + V + SUCH + (a/ an) + adj + n + THAT + S + V… ( quá… đến nổi…) b) He drove so badly that he couldn’t pass the driving test. ↔ He drove too badly to pass the driving test. d/ …TOO + adj / adv … ≠ ↔ … NOT + adj /adv + ENOUGH… Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink. ↔ The tea is not warm enough for me to drink. LESSON 8 : RELATIVE CLAUSES ( Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ) Relative Pronouns & Adverbs: Functions Antecedents Subject Object Poss. Adv Things Which Which Whose + n (of which) People Who Whom Whose + n Place Where Time When Reason Why Notes: *Where = prep + n place *When = prep + n time *Why = for + the reason *‘THAT’ thay thế cho “WHO, WHOM, WHICH” trong mệnh đề có giới hạn (không đứng sau dấu phẩy, prep). *Dùng 1 hoặc 2 dấu phẩy tách mệnh đề quan hệ ra khỏi mệnh đề chính khi tiền danh từ là: - Danh từ riêng - Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE - Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = sở hữu (MY, YOUR, …,TOM’S HOUSE,…) - Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = 1 nhóm từ ( EX: The man from Hanoi,…) Ex: They wanted to see my manager, who was away. Relative Clauses: Rel. Cl. Ant. Relative clause Relative pronoun / adverb The other parts Things + which / that + V ( + O) + S + V People + who / that + whom /that + V( + O) + S + V People/ things + whose V ( + O) + n + S + V Place Time Reason + where + when + why + S + V (+ O) Ex: a/ Could you iron the trousers? They’re hanging up behind the door. ↔ Could you iron the trousers which/that are hanging up behind the door? b/ She showed me the radio. She had bought it ↔ She showed me the radio which/ that She had bought. c/ I don’t like the people. People lose their temper easily. ↔ I don’t like the people who /that lose their temper easily. d/ The man works here. I saw him yesterday. [...]... verbs Been Beaten Become Begun Bound Bitten L,thỡ,,b,c ỏnh Tr nờn Bt u Trúi,buc,bỏm Cn 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 blow break bring build buy catch choose come cost cut do draw drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find fly forbid forget freeze get give go grow... money + V-ing: tn tin hoc tg lm gỡ 23 To spend + amount of time/ money + V-ing: dnh bao nhiờu thi gian lm gỡ 24 To spend + amount of time/ money + on + something: dnh thi gian vo vic gỡ , e.g.1: I spend 2 hours reading books a day E.g.2: She spent all of her money on clothes 25 to give up + V-ing/ N: t b lm gỡ/ cỏi gỡ 26 would like/ want/wish + to do something: thớch lm gỡ 27 have + (something) to +... + something/ someone + that/ who: chớnh m 29 Had better + V(infinitive): nờn lm gỡ 30 hate/ like/ dislike/ enjoy/ avoid/ finish/ mind/ postpone/ practise/ consider/ delay/ deny/ suggest/ risk/ keep/ imagine/ fancy + V-ing, e.g.1: I always practise speaking English everyday 31 Its + adj + to + V-infinitive: quỏ gỡ lm gỡ 32 Take place = happen = occur: xy ra 33 to be excited about: thớch thỳ 34 to... = occur: xy ra 33 to be excited about: thớch thỳ 34 to be bored with/ fed up with: chỏn cỏi gỡ/lm gỡ 35 There is + N-s ớt, there are + N-s nhiu: cú cỏi gỡ 36 feel like + V-ing: cm thy thớch lm gỡ 37 expect someone to do something: mong i ai lm gỡ 38 advise someone to do something: khuyờn ai lm gỡ 39 go + V-ing: ch cỏc tr tiờu khin (go camping ) 40 leave someone alone: ai yờn 41 By + V-ing: bng... Ex: She no longer gets up early No longer does she get up early 13/ Who + do /does + S + belong to? Who own(s) .? Whose + V + S ? Whose + n + V + S ? Ex: Who does this bicycle belong to? Who owns this bicycle? Whose is this bicycle? Whose bicycle is this? 14/ Causative Form: O (Ngi) +V1 ( Ch ng) S + have / get + O (vt) + V3 (b ng) nh ai ú lm vic gỡ Ex : a) Tom is going to repair my T.V tomorrow... cm t thụng dng trong Ting Anh ph thụng -1 S + V+ too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something (quỏ cho ai lm gỡ ), e.g.1 This structure is too easy for you to remember E.g.2: He ran too fast for me to follow 2 S + V + so + adj/ adv + that +S + V (quỏ n ni m ), e.g.1: This box is so heavy that I cannot take it E.g2: He speaks so soft that we cant hear anything 3 It + V + such + (a/an) +... time for me to ask all of you for this question 7 It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to do something (lm gỡ mt bao nhiờu thi gian ), e.g.1: It takes me 5 minutes to get to school E.g.2: It took him 10 minutes to do this exercise yesterday 8 To prevent/stop + someone/something + From + V-ing (ngn cn ai/cỏi gỡ khụng lm gỡ ), e.g.1: 9 S + find+ it+ adj to do something (thy lm gỡ ), e.g.1: I... He is a more careful driver than I am I dont drive so carefully as he does (=as him) S + has/have + never/not + V3 + such + a(an) + adj + 3/ adj + est This is the + _ + n most + adj Ex: n (before) + (that) + S + has/have + (ever) V3 He has never watched such an exciting match before This is the most exciting match hes ever watched 4/ No one / Nobody adj + er + place + be + _ + than + A more... S + has / have not + V3 + Ex: since + S + V2 I last went to the football match when I was a student I havent gone to the football match since I was a student S + has / have not + 3/ V2 V3 + for + 01 khong TG It + is + 1 khong TG + since + S + V2 Ex: She hasnt had a swim for five years It is five years since she had a swim S + 4/ has /have + never/not + V 3 (+before) This / it is the first... Notes: 1/ Short Adj / Adv (ngn): THAN EST / adv(di) - 1 vn Ex: tall, soon Small - 2 vn tn cựng = -y,-er, -le,-ow, -et, Ex: happy, clever, simple, early 2/ Long Adj /Adv (di): - 2 vn tr lờn, tr cỏc trng hp trờn Ex: modern, carefully, comfortable - 2 vn tn cựng = -ly Ex: quickly, loudly 3/ So Sỏnh Nht : Dựng cho 3 i tng tr lờn 4/ Khi thờm -er ; -est large larger largest big bigger biggest dry drier driest . involve 23. justify 24. keep(continue) 25. mention 26. mind 27. miss 28. practise 29. prevent 30 . prohibit 31 . propose 32 . quit 33 . recall 34 . report 35 . resent 36 . resist 37 . risk 38 . suggest 39 Quên 30 . freeze Froze Frozen Đông lạnh 31 . get Got Got/gotten Bị,được,trở nên 32 . give Gave Given Cho 33 . go Went Gone Đi 34 . grow Grew Grown Trồng,mọc,phát triển 35 . hang Hung Hung Treo,mắc 36 mệnh đề có giới hạn (không đứng sau dấu phẩy, prep). *Dùng 1 hoặc 2 dấu phẩy tách mệnh đề quan hệ ra khỏi mệnh đề chính khi tiền danh từ là: - Danh từ riêng - Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = THIS,