14 SO 06-2010 CHAU MY NGAY NAY ^? TRIEN VQNG QUAN HE KINH TE VIET NAM ' HOA KY SAU 15 NAM BINH THU'CINC HOA QUAN HE K e ttf khi binh thifdng hda quan he ngeai giao giiia Viet Nam va Hoa Ky, hdp tac kinh te giiia hai nifdc ngay cang gia tang va kheng ngtfng md rpng. Dac biet, sau khi Hiep dinh Thifdng mai Song phifdng Viet - My (BTA) difdc ky ket vao nam 2001, quan he kinh te gida Viet Nam va Hoa Ky da c6 bifdc chuyen bie'n tfch ciic va danh dau mpt giai doan mdi trong qua trinh phat trien quan he thifdng mai va diu tif giiia hai nif6c. I. Nen tang cho quan he kinh te Viet • My Trong nhiing nam vtfa qua, Viet Nam da co nhiing bifdc di quan trpng lam cd sd dinh hifdng chinh sach trong quan he v6i Hoa Ky Nhiing cd sd do difdc ghi nhan ro net trong cac Tuyen bd chung Viet Nam - Hoa Ky, nhan dip cac ehuyen vieng tham lin nhau cua nguyen thii qudc gia mdi nifdc. Cac ben da ra nhieu tuyen bd khing dinh mong mudn xay diing quan he ddi tac xay diing, hiiu nghi, hdp tac nhieu mat, dn dinh lau dai giiia hai nif6c. Ths. Nguyen Ngoc Manh Vien Nghien cifu Chdu My Phia My cam ke't ton trpng chii quyen, an ninh eiia Viet Nam, md ra nhiing cd hpi hdp tac mdi giiia hai nifdc tren nhieu linh viic. Day ehfnh la nhiing nguyen tic cd ban nha't de hai nif6c tie'p tuc tang cifdng va phat trien cac md'i quan he vdi nhau. Trong chuye'n tham Hoa Ky cua Chu tich nifdc Nguyen Minh Triet (thang 6/ 2007), hai ben tho'ng nhat ring, mo'i quan he song phifdng Viet Nam - Hoa Ky dang tie'p tuc md rpng va quan he hai nifdc dang difdc thiic day phat trien len met tim cao mdi. Hai ben ciing da ban nhiing bien phap de thue day hdp tac trong khu viic, va cac bien phap tang cifdng thiic day quan he Sdng phifdng, ca ve kinh te thifdng mai, khoa hpc ky thuat, giao due dao tao, van de nhan dao va van de chat dpc dioxin. Hai ben Viet Nam va Hoa Ky da trao ddi thing thin, edi md nhiing van de ma hai nifdc cen e6 quan diem khac biet; nhat tri cho ring cin tang cifdng trad doi, doi thoai de cd sii cam thong, chia se vdi nhau. Tdng tho'ng Bush khing dinh: "Chiing toi mud'n co quan he td't vdi CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 06-2010 15 Viet Nam". Dap lai, Chu tich nifdc Nguyen Minh Triet noi: "Hai dan tpc Viet - My deu mud'n boa binh, doan ke't, va hiiu nghi phai ciing nim tay nhau di tdi tUdng lai". Tuyen bd" chung giiia Hdp chiing qud'c Hoa Ky va Cpng hoa xa hpi chu nghia Viet Nam (25/6/2008) giiia Thu tifdng Nguyin Tan Diing va Tdng tho'ng G. Bush trong dip tham chinh thdc Hoa Ky cua Thu tifdng Nguyen Tan Diing co npi dung nhif sau: "Thii tifdng Nguyen Tan Diing va Tdng thddng Bush cam ket cd nd liic cu the nhim tang cifdng hdn niia md'i quan he song phifdng dang ngay cang nang dpng". "Hai nha Lanh dao nha't trf ring quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky difdc xay diing tren cd sd md'i quan he hiiu nghi tfch Clic va dang phat trien, tdn trpng lan nhau, va cting cam ke't hdp tac nhieu mat mang tinh xay diing tren nhieu van de de gdp phin lam sau rpng quan he vi ldi ich lau dai cua hai nUdc". "Hai nha lanh dao ciing chia se tim nhin va muc tieu hifdng tdi mpt khu viic chau A - Thai Binh Difdng dn dinh, an ninh, dan chu, hoa binh va trao ddi ve viec ddng gdp cua Viet Nam va Hoa Ky cho muc tieu nay trong tUdng lai". Hai nha Lanh dao hoan nghenh viec tie'p tuc tang cifdng quan he hdp tac kinh te va thifdng mai gida hai nude, Hai ben nhat tri ring, quan he kinh te va thifdng mai la quan trpng dd'i vdi quan he song phifdng. Hai nha Lanh dao tuyen b,d Hoa Ky va Viet Nam se khdi dpng dam phan Hiep dinh Diu tif Sdng phifdng (BIT), the hien sii cam ke't cua hai ben ve dd'i xii cdng bing, khdng phan biet, minh bach do'i vdi dau tii nifdc ngoai. Tdng tho'ng Bush khang dinh Hoa Ky dang xem xet tich Clic de nghi cua Viet Nam difdc tham gia chifdng trinh Uu dai Thue quan phd cap (GSP) va Tdng thd'ng ghi nhan de nghi cua Viet Nam ve viec cdng nhan Quy che Kinh te thi trifdng. Hai nha Lanh dao ghi nhan tim quan trpng cua nhiing nd liic trong khudn khd Dien dan Hdp tac kinh te chau A - Thai Binh Dudng (APEC) nhim thuc day quan he thifdng mai, diu tif tii do va cdi md, ke ca trien vpng ciia mpt Khu viic Mau dich tii do chau A - Thai Binh Difdng. Hai nha Lanh dad trao ddi viec md rpng va tang cifdng dd'i thoai gitta cac quan chifc cao cap cua hai nifdc. Hai nha lanh dao ung hp viec lap cd che dd'i thoai mdi ve chinh tri - qud'c phdng va chinh sach nhim tang cifdng sii trao ddi thifdng xuyen va sau hdn ve cac van de chie'n lifdc va an ninh. Hai nha lanh dao ghi nhan ldi ich cua dd'i thoai thang thin, cdi md ve cac van de lien quan tdi nhan quyen va cac quyen tii do cd ban. "Tdng thd'ng Bush tai khang dinh sii ung hd cua Chinh phii Hoa Ky dd'i vdi chu quyen qud'c gia, an ninh, toan ven lanh thd ctia Viet Nam". Nhif vay, nhiing cd sd dinh hifdng chfnh sach eiia Viet Nam treng quan he vdi Hda Ky da diide xac dinh rd rang: quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky difdc xay 16 SO 06-2010 CHAU MY NGAY NAY diing tren cd sd hiiu nghi tich ciic va dang phat trien, tdn treng lan nhau, va cung cam ke't hdp tac nhieu mat mang tinh xay diing tren nhieu van de de gdp phin lam sau rdng quan he vi ldi ich lau dai cua hai nifdc, cam ke't cd nd liic cu the nhim tang cifdng hdn niia md'i quan he seng phifdng dang ngay cang nang ddng. Hoa Ky ung hd dd'i vdi chii quyen qud'c gia, an ninh, toan ven lanh thd cua Viet Nam. Va nhiing cd sd phap ly chd quan he kinh te Viet Nam - Hea Ky cung da difdc hai ben xac dinh rd rang: BTA, PNTR, TIFA, tie'n tdi BIT, GSP, FTA, Day la nhdng dinh hifdng quan trpng, diing din ve nhan thdc dd'i vdi md'i quan he Viet Nam -Hoa Ky. Cd the coi day la sii hoan tat cac cd sd quan he kinh te seng phifdng giiia Viet Nam va Hea Ky, bad dam cho md'i quan he hifdng nay tdi ddi tac kinh te chie'n lifdc. II. Nhiifng thanh qua dat dxidc Cd the ndi, quan he kinh te Viet Nam - Hoa Ky, nhat la ttf khi thiic hien Hiep dinh Thifdng mai song phUdng Viet Nam - Hea Ky, da cd tac dpng kha toan dien de'n sii phat trien kinh te va cd cau kinh te Viet Nam va dd ciing la mdt trong nhiing dieu kien bao dam nhip dp tang trifdng cao cua nen kinh te Viet Nam trong nhiing nam qua. Viec ky ket va thiic hien Hiep dinh Thifdng mai song phifdng vdi Hda Ky giiip cho hang hda xuat khau cua Viet Nam khdng bi phan biet dd'i xd tai thi trifdng Hoa Ky, mang lai cd hdi md rdng giao lifu thifdng mai cho ca hai ben, nhanh chdng difa Hoa Ky trd thanh thi trifdng hang diu cho hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam. Ne'u nhif nam 2001, kim ngach xua't nhap khau giiia hai nifdc mdi chi dat 1,4 ty USD thi de'n nam 2009, con sd' dd da dat hdn 15 ty USD, difa Hoa Ky trd thanh thi trifdng xuat khau ldn nhat cua Viet Nam. Hoa Ky ciing da trd thanh nha diu tif nifdc ngoai hang diu tai Viet Nam vdi tdng vd'n diu tif nam 2009 dat 9,8 ty USD\ Ke't qua nay khdng chi tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho sii hdp tac, phat trien kinh te thifdng mai ben viing giiia hai nifdc, ma cdn khang dinh vi the, mdi trifdng kinh doanh ngay cang phu hdp vdi chuan miie qud'c tecua Viet Nam. Sii tang trifdng vifdt bae nhif vay eua trad ddi thifdng mai va diu tu giiia hai nifdc da phan anh kha rd net td'e dp tang trifdng kinh te manh me cua Viet Nam, ciing nhif viec cac cdng ty cua Hoa Ky cd md'i quan he kha hieu qua trong hdp tac kinh te vdi Viet Nam, nhat la trong cac van de lien quan de'n viec cung cap may mdc thiet bi, nguyen vat lieu, cdng nghe, ky nang quan ly, dao tao va cau nd'i xua't nhap khau va giao lifu cho cae nganh kinh te qud'c dan dang phat trien rat nhanh chdng cua Viet Nam. Ve thifdng mat Theo sd' lieu Thd'ng ke Hai quan cho thay, ne'u nhU trong nam 2005 va 2006, tdng kim ngach hang hda xua't khau cua Viet Nam sang thi trifdng CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 06-2010 17 Hoa Ky chi dat tifdng tfng 5,91 ty USD va 7,83 ty USD thi de'n nam 2007, tdng tri gia hang hda Viet Nam xuat khau sang Hea Ky da vifdt cdn sd 10 ty USD. Nam 2008, tuy chiu anh hifdng nang ne cua cuoc suy thoai kinh te bat diu tai Hoa Ky vao thang 12/2007 va tie'p de'n la eudc khung hoang kinh te toan clu ttf giiia nam 2008, nhifng quan he thifdng mai giiia hai nifdc vin cd nhiing dau hieu kha quan. Tong kim ngach budn ban hang hda hai chieu trong nam 2008 dat 14,5 ty USD, tang 23% so vdi nam 2007. Sang de'n nam 2009, mac du tie'p tuc gap nhieu khd khan do suy thoai kinh te nhifng tdng kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang thi trifdng tieu thu hang hda ldn nhat the gidi nay van dat dupe 11,36 ty USD, giam 4,3% sd vdi ke't qua thiic hien cua mdt nam trifdc dd. Hoa Ky tie'p tuc la thi triidng nhap khau hang hoa ldn nhat cua cac nha xuat khau Viet Nam. Bieu do: Quan he thifofng mai Viet Nam - Hoa Ky giai doan nam 2005 - 2009 va quy 1/2010 Trieu USD 14000 Nam 2005 Nam 2006 Nam 2007 Nam 2008 Nam 2009 Quy 1/2010 DNhap khau 0Xuat khau DCan can thifdng mai Nguon: Tong cue Hdi Quan. Trong quy 1/2010, boat ddng xuat nhap khau ciia Viet Nam vdi Hoa Ky cd nhieu da'u hieu lac quan. So vdi cung ky cac nam trifdc, tdng kim ngach xuat nhap khau cua Viet Nam quy 1/2010 sang thi trifdng Hoa Ky dat mdc cao nhat ttf trifdc den nay. So' lieu thd'ng ke mdi nha't eua Tdng cue Hai quan chp tha'y trong quy 1/2010, Hoa Ky tie'p tuc la thi trifdng xuat khau hang hda ldn nhat cua Viet Nam vdi tdng tri gia dat gan 2,84 ty USD, tang manh 23,2% so vdi cung thdi gian nam trifdc va chie'm tdi 19,6% 18 SO 06-2010 CHAU MY NGAY NAY tdng kim ngach xuat khau cua tat ca cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam. 0 chieu ngifdc lai, trong quy 1/2010, tdng tri gia hang hoa nhap khau ttf thi trifdng Hoa Ky dat 809 trieu USD, tang manh va dat 77,8% so vdi cung ky cua nam trifdc. Nguyen nhan chinh khie'n kim ngach nhap khau ttf thi trifdng nay tang manh la dd gia tri hang nhap khau thdc an gia sue va nguyen lieu tang ddt bie'n vdi 139 trieu USD, tang 120 trieu USD se vdi quy 1/2009. Ne'u duy tri da tang trifdng kim ngach xuat nhap khau binh quan quy 1/2010, tdng kim ngach trao ddi hang hoa gitta Viet Nam va Hoa Ky trong nam 2010 ifdc cd the dat len de'n con so' 19 ty USD, tham chi con so' nay ed the len de'n 20 ty USD; trong do kim ngach xuat khau hang hda cd the dat hdn 14 ty USD va kim ngach nhap khau hang hda ifdc dat hdn 5 ty USD. Trong ndm 2009, Hoa Ky viidt qua Nhdt Bdn de trd thdnh ddi tdc thiidng mgi ldn thU hai cua Viet Nam. So' lieu Thd'ng ke Hai quan ghi nhan tii nam 2003 de'n nay, Hoa Ky ludn ludn la thi trifdng gianh vi tri quan quan ve tieu thu hang hda cd xuat xif ttf Viet Nam vdi ty treng trung binh giai doan 2005 - 2009 chie'm khoang 20% tdng kim ngach xua't khau cua ca nifdc. Ddng thdi, Hoa Ky ciing la mdt trong nhiing thi trifdng chfnh (difng d vi trf thii 7) cung cap hang hda cho eac nha nhap khau Viet Nam. Ty trpng binh quan nhap khau ttf Hoa Ky ca giai doan 2005-2009 chie'm khoang 3% tdng kim ngach nhap khau cua ca nifdc ttf tat ca cac thi trifdng. Nhif vay, tinh chung cho ca xuat nhap khau thi ttf nam 2005-2008 Hoa Ky la dd'i tac thifdng mai ldn thtf ba cua cac cdng ty Viet Nam. Nhifng sang nam 2009, Hea Ky da vUdt qua Nhat Ban vifdn len vi tri thtf hai, chi sau Trung Qud'c. Bang 1: Kim ngach, ty trong va thiJf hang kim ngach hang hoa xuat khau, nhap khau giiJfa Viet Nam va Hoa Ky trong nam 2009 Chi tieu Xuat nhap khau Xuat khau Nhap khau Tinh todn tren nguon sdlieu cua Tong cue Hdi quan Viet Nam Tong kim ngach (ty USD) Thii hang ciia Hoa Ky trong tong so' tat ca cac khu vUc thi trUdng xuat nhap kh&u ciia Viet Nam Ty trong so vdi tong kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam (%) 14,36 2 11,4 11,36 1 20,2 3,00 7 4,3 Tinh todn tren nguon sdlieu cua Ca quan Thdng ke Hoa Ky Thii hang cua Viet Nam trong tong so tat ca cac khu vUc thi trUdng xuat nhap khau cua Hoa Ky Ty trong so v6i tong kim ngach xuat nhap khau cua Hoa Ky (%) 30 0,6 45 0,3 26 0,8 Nguon: Tong cue Hdi quan Viet Nam vd Co quan Thdng ke Hoa Ky. CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 06-2010 19 Bang so lieu tren cho thay, Hoa Ky niidc luon duy tri mUc thdng dii ldn. la thi trudng tieu thu hang hoa ldn Trong nhieu nam qua, can can thifdng nhat va la thi trifdng cung cap hang mai hang hda cua Viet Nam ludn d hda ldn thd 7 cho Viet Nam. Nhifng d trang thai nhap sieu va mdc nhap chieu ngifdc lai, tri gia budn ban hai sieu ngay cang tang nhifng ngifde lai chieu giiia Viet Nam vdi thi trifdng trong quan he thifdng mai vdi Hoa Ky nay chie'm ty trpng rat nhd trong tdng - cdn cdn thiidng mgi hdng hda cita kim ngach xuat nhap khau cua Hoa Viet Nam luon duy tri miic thdng dii. Ky. Cu the, ve thd hang kim ngach xuat nhap khau cua Viet Nam so vdi cac khu vifc thi triidng xuat nhap khau khac cua Hda Ky thi Viet Nam chi ddng d vi tri thtf 30 vdi thi phin 0,6%. Trdng dd, Viet Nam la nha xua't khau ddng thd 45 sang Hoa Ky vdi ty trpng 0,3% va la thi trifdng ddng thd 26 nhap khau hang hda ttf Hoa Ky vdi ty trpng la 0,8%. Cdn cdn thiidng mgi hdng hda cua Viet Nam trong buon bdn giifa hai Cu the trong nam" 2005, Viet Nam xuat sieu sang Hoa Ky 5,04 ty USD; sang nam 2008 con sd' nay la 9,23 ty USD; trong nam 2009, do chiu anh hifdng eua cude khung hoang kinh te tai Hoa Ky va tren pham vi toan clu, xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang thi triidng Hoa Ky giam sd vdi mdt nam trifdc dd trong khi nhap khau ttf thi trifdng nay lai tang nen xuat sieu cua Viet Nam dat 8,35 ty USD, tifdng difdng mdc nhap sieu eua nam 2007. Bang 2: Kim ngach, toe do tang/giam kim ngach xuat nhap khau va can can thvfofng mai hang hoa Viet Nam - Hoa Ky giai doan 2005 - 2009 Chi tieu Nam 2005 Nam 2006 Nam 2007 Nam 2008 Nam 2009 Xuat khau Tong kim ngach xuat khau hang hoa ciia Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky (trieu USD) Toe do tang/giam kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky (%) Toe do tang/giam xuat khau ciia ca nude (%) 5.905 - - 7.829 32,6 22,8 10.089 28,9 21,9 11.869 17,6 29,1 11.356 -4,3 -8,9 Nhap khau Tong kim ngach nhap khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam tu: Hoa Ky (trieu USD) Toe do tang/giam nhap khau ciia Viet Nam tii Hoa Kv (%) To'c do tang/giam nhap khau cua ca nU6c (%) Can can thiidng mai hang hoa ciia Viet Nam v6i Hoa Ky (XK-NK) (trieu USD) Can can thifdng mai hang hoa vdi ta't ca cac nifdc tren the gidi (XK-NK) (trieu USD) 863 - . 5.042 -4.540 982 13,8 21,4 6.847 -5.065 ^ 1.700 73,1 39,6 8.389 -14.121 2.635 55,0 28,8 9.233 -18.029 3.006 14,1 -13,3 8.350 12.853 Ngudn: Tong cue Hdi quan. Cdc mat hdng xudt khdu chu yeu cua Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky trong hang det may, go vd sdn phdm gd, gidy dep cdc loai, ddu tho, hdng phdm dien tit vd linh kien, nhitng ndm qua bao gom hdi sdn, mdy vi tinh sdn 20 SO 06-2010 CHAU MY NGAY NAY Hoa Ky cung la mdt trong nhdng (chie'm 55% tdng kim ngach xua't thi trifdng ldn nhat ve nhap khau mdt khau mat hang nay cua ca nifdc); giay sd mat hang chinh cua nifdc ta giai dep (chie'm 23%), gd va san pham gd doan 2005-2009 nhif sau: det may (chie'm 33%), • <••••;=::': .' Bang 3: Kim ngach, ty trong mot so' nhom hang chinh Viet Nam xuat khau sang Hoa Ky nam 2009 va quy 1/2010 Chi tieu ^~~~ „.^^ Nam Ten hang^^"" ,^^ Hang det may Go & san pham go Hang giay dep Dau tho Hang thuy san May vi tinh, san pham dien tii & linh kien Hat dieu Tiii xach, vi, vali, mii va 6 dd Ca phe Hang hoa khac Tong kim ngach Nguon: Tong cue F Ghi chu: Ty trgng Kim ngach (trieu USD) 2009 4.995 1.100 1.039 470 711 433 255 224 197 1.932 11.356 Idi quan 1: ty tror Quy 1/2010 1.288 279 263 78 143 124 42 62 60 499 20838 lg xudt khe Ty trong 1 (%) 2009 44,0 9,7 9,1 4,1 6,3 3,8 2,2 2,0 1,7 17,0 100 iu nhon Quy 1/2010 45,4 9,8 9,3 2,7 5,0 4,4 1,5 2,2 2,1 17,6 100 I hdng do Ty trong 2 (%) 2009 55,1 42,4 25,5 8,2 16,8 15,7 30,1 30,7 11,4 7,6 19,9 trong t Quy 1/2010 57,9 37,4 26,2 6,2 16,0 17,7 26,6 33,4 12,5 7,3 19,6 ong kim n Tang/giam so vdi nam trifdc (%) 2009 •2,2 3,4 -3,4 -52,9 -3,8 42,0 -4,8 -4,7 -6,5 5,7 -4,3 gach xu Quy 1/2010/ Quy 1/2009 23,0 37,2 6,3 -17,5 26,5 42,9 -4,2 46,6 -9,5 38,7 23,1 dt khdu cda Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky. Ty trong 2: ty trong xudt khdu sang Hoa Ky trong tdng kim ngach xudt khdu nhom hdng do cua Viet Nam. Hang det may: la mdt trong xuat khau cua ca nifdc. Day cung la nhdng mat hang the manh cua Viet nhdm hang chiem ty trpng ldn nha't Nam, cd ddng gdp ldn vao kim ngach trong tdng gia tri xuat khau cua Viet CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 06-2010 21 Nam sang Hoa Ky (khoang 43% trong giai doan 2005-2009). San pham det may cua Viet Nam dang ngay cang thu hut dUdc sii chu y cua cac nha nhap khau va dUdc Uy ban Thifdng mai qud'c te Hoa Ky (USITC) nhan dinh: Viet Nam la mdt trong nhdng nifdc hang diu d chau A cd kha nang canh tranh dUdc vdi Trung Qud'c trong linh viic det may. Hiep hpi Nhap khau Det may Hoa Ky ciing cho bie't, Viet Nam la sii liia chpn thd hai cua cac nha nhap khau Hoa Ky sau Trung Qud'c khi tim kie'm ngudn cung cap hang td chau A. Dac biet khi Viet Nam chinh thdc trd thanh thanh vien cua WTO nen khdng cdn chiu sdc ep ve han ngach khi xuat khau hang det may vao thi trifdng nay. Sd' lieu thd'ng ke cho thay, mpt diem dang lifu y la trong nhdm hang nay ty trpng hang gia cdng rat cao, chie'm hdn 1/2 tdng tri gia nhdm hang nay Viet Nam xua't khau sang Hoa Ky. Go & sdn phdm go: Vdi ngudn cung ddi dae, ngudn nhan liic san cd, nganh cdng nghiep nhe che bien gd dang tren da phat trien hdn vdi ty trpng dao dpng quanh mdc khoang 10%. Vi tri ddng gdp vao tdng tri gia xua't khau cua Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky eua nhdm hang nay ciing difdc cai thien dang ke. Cu^ the, nhdm hang nay ddng vi tri thd 8-9 slp theo thd tii giam din cua eac nam 2003, 2004 thi lin lifdt de'n cac nam 2005, 2006, san pham nay vifdn len vi tri thd tif trong bang xep hang va vifdn len vi tri thd hai treng nam 2009. Gidy dep: Cung nim trong nhdm hang cdng nghiep nhe nhii det may, san pham giay dep cd mdc xuat khau tang trifdng kha qua cac nam giai ddan 2005-2009. Tuy nhien, so vdi tri gia xuat khau hang giay dep cua Viet Nam sang thi trifdng Lien minh chau Au (EU27) thi vin chifa tifdng xdng vdi tiem nang cua ca hai nUdc. Tdng tri gia xua't khau hang giay dep sang Hoa Ky chi bang 1/3 kim ngach xuat khau nhdm hang nay cua Viet Nam sang thi trifdng EU. Do do, trong thdi gian tdi cac ddanh nghiep giay dep cin day manh xua't khau sang thi trifdng tiem nang rat ldn nay. Cac mat hang nhap khau chinh ctia Viet Nam ttf Hoa Ky treng nhdng nam qua bad gdm may mdc thie't bi & dung cu phu tung, bdng cac loai, chat dee nguyen lieu, thdc an gia sue & nguyen lieu, nguyen phu lieu det may da giay, Trong giai doan 2005 - 2009, cd cau mat hang Viet Nam nhap khau td Hoa Ky ludn ddng diu la nhdm hang may mdc, thie't hi, dung cu & phu tung va chie'm ty trpng khoang 1/5 tdng tri gia hang boa Viet Nam nhap khau td Hoa Ky. 22 SO 06-2010 CHAU MY NGAY NAY Bang 4: Kim ngach, ty trong mot so nhom hang chinh Viet Nam nhap khau ta Hoa Ky nam 2009 va quy 1/2010 '' Chi tieu Nam Mat hang May moe, thiet bi, dung cu, phu tung khac 0 to cac loai Bong cac loai Chat deo nguyen lieu Thiic an gia siie va nguyen lieu Nguyen phu lieu det, may, da, giay May vi tinh, san pham dien tii va linh kien Go va san pham go Siia va san pham siia San pham hoa chat Hang hoa khac Tong kim ngach Kim ngach (trieu USD) 2009 716 268 192 147 176 77 89 104 46 93 1.098 3.006 Quy 1/2010 154 22 46 32 139 30 27 34 23 27 275 809 Ty trong 1 (%) 2009 23,8 8,9 6,4 4,9 5,9 2,6 3,0 3,5 1,5 3,1 36,5 100 Quy 1/2010 19,0 2,7 5,7 4,0 17,2 3,7 3,3 4,2 2,8 3,3 34,0 100 Ty trong 2 (%) 2009 5,7 21,3 48,9 5,2 10,0 4,0 2,3 11,5 8,9 5,9 2,6 4,3 Quy L/2010 5,3 13,9 30,8 4,2 22,6 5,8 2,7 15,4 13,4 6,4 2,5 4,5 Tang/giam so vdi nam trifdc (%) 2009 68,9 4,9 -1,5 -6,4 25,5 -42,1 -31,3 -15,7 -27,6 66,6 14,6 14,1 Quy 1/2010/ Quy 1^2009 15,8 14,6 69,0 79,3 631,7 138,4 73,9 103,0 120,5 64,2 65,2 77,8 Nguon: Tong cue Hdi quan. Ghi chu: Ty trong 1: ty trong nhdp khdu nhom hdng do trong tdng kim ngach nhdp khdu cua Viet Nam tit Hoa Ky. Ty trong 2: ty trgng nhdp khdu tif Hoa Ky trong tdng kim ngach nhdp khdu nhom hdng do cua Viet Nam. Nhif vay, cd the ndi, mac du tri gia budn ban hang hda cua Viet Nam vdi Hoa Ky trong nhdng nam vtfa qua cd nhieu dau hieu lac quan, nhifng trong thdi gian tdi de cd the tang thi phin xuat khau vao thi trifdng tieu thu hang hda ldn nhat the gidi nay, cac deanh nghiep Viet Nam cin thuc day manh heat ddng xua't khau sang Hda Ky, ddng thdi tang cifdng hdn nda cac boat ddng xuc tie'n thifdng mai gida hai nude trdng cac khudn khd: doanh nghiep- doanh nghiep, dien dan-dien dan, hiep hdi-hiep hdi, cd quan chinh phu-cd quan chinh phu va cao hdn nda la gida Chinh phu cua hai nifde. Mdt diem dang chu y la, xudt khdu cua khdi doanh nghiep cd vdn ddu tii trUc tiep niidc ngodi (FDI) cda Viet Nam sang thi triidng ndy chiem hdn 60% trong tdng kim nggch xudt khdu cua Viet Nam, nhiing nhdp khdu cua cdc doanh CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 06-2010 23 nghiep FDI tii thi triidng ndy chiem ty trgng chiia den 1/3. Mat khac, td trifdc de'n nay cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam chu ye'u chi lam b^ng gia cdng cho nhdng dd'i tac - thUdng mai cua Viet Nam sau dd xuat khau Hoa Ky. Sd' lieu Thd'ng ke Hai quan mdi nha't cho thay, tri gid hdng gia cong chiem hdn 1/4 tong kim nggch xudt khdu hdng hod cua Viet Nam sang thi triidng ndy. Do dd, cac nha xua't khau Viet Nam cin nang cao gia tri gia tang trong san pham, ddng thdi phai quan tam hdn nda de'n viec xay diing thiidng hieu, nham tang uy tin cua doanh nghiep tren thi trifdng va tao niem tin td't hdn dd'i vdi ngifdi tieu dung d thi trifdng cd tiem nang rat ldn nay. Ve quan he ddu tif Td khi Viet Nam tien hanh Doi mdi va cd Luat diu tif nifdc ngoai, My la mdt trong nhdng nifdc diu tif vao Viet Nam cham nhat do lenh cam van cua chinh quyen My dd'i vdi Viet Nam. Trong 5 nam, td nam 1988 de'n nam 1993, do cdn bi cam van, sd' dii an cua cac cdng ty My vao Viet Nam chi la 10 vdi so' vd'n la 23 trieu USD, trong khi dd, tdng dau tif niidc ngoai vao Viet Nam giai doan nay la 836 dii an vdi tdng sd'vd'n la 7,5 ty USD. Tuy nhien, td nam 1991, khi ehinh phu My ndi long cam van, cac cdng ty My da difdc phep td chdc cac phai doan sang lam viee tai Viet Nam. Nhd do, rat nhieu doan kinh doanh da sang Viet Nam tim kie'm cd hdi kinh doanh. Cud'i nam 1993, Cd quan kiem soat tai san nifdc ngoai cua My da thdng qua cd che kiem seat, cap phep chd tdng trifdng hdp va da cap phep cho 160 cdng ty difdc phep boat ddng tai Viet Nam. De'n cud'i nam 1994, da cd 60 van phdng dai dien cua cae cdng ty My boat ddng tai Viet Nam. Den gida nam 1995 sd' van phdng da tang len gap ddi va de'n nam 1996 da tang len gap 5 lin. Sau khi Tdng thd'ng B. Clinton tuyen bd' bd cam van dd'i vdi Viet Nam, mac du khdng cd sii diu tif d at vao Viet Nam, nhifng cac hoat dpng diu tif cua cac edng ty My da cd bifdc phat trien nhanh chdng. Chi rieng nam 1994, nam diu tien My bd cam van Viet Nam, da cd 12 dii an diu tif vdi tdng sd' vd'n la 120 trieu USD so vdi 10 dii an cua 5 nam trifdc. Trong danh sach cac nha diu tif ldn nhat' vao Viet Nam thdi diem dd. My xep thd 14. Sang nam 1995, Tdng thd'ng My tuyen bd' binh thifdng hda quan he vdi Viet Nam, viec diu tif cua My vao Viet Nam da cd bifdc chuyen bie'n ldn vdi 19 dii an va tdng sd'vd'n len tdi 397 trieu USD. De'n nam 2000 danh dau mpt cdt md'c mdi trong quan he Viet - My dd la Hiep dinh Thifdng mai Viet Nam - Hoa Ky difdc ky ke't. Tuy nhien, trong thdi gian nay, cung vdi xu the chung ve sii giam sut thu hut vd'n diu tif niidc ngoai cua Viet Nam, vd'n diu tif cua My giam xud'ng 81 trieu USD. Sang nam 2001, khi Hiep dinh bit diu cd hieu liic, tdng vd'n diu tif cua My da tang len rat nhanh. Dieu nay difdc the [...]... phifdng dat dai kem mau md Cd the cho ring, so vdi xu hifdng quan he thifdng mai xuat nhap khau ludn di len, quan he d i u tif mdi bat diu cd khdi sic trong nhdng nam gan day va cin phai difdc cung cd' hdn trong nhdng nam tdi III Trien vong quan he kinh te Viet Nam - Hoa Ky Quan he kinh te Viet Nam - Hoa Ky ludn chiu nhdng tac ddng td cac md'i quan he kinh te' qud'c te va khu viic Cd the ke de'n nhdng nhan... hp?p=1 8157 5 My: Chinh sach Dong A can phai thay doi http://vitinfo.com.vn/Muctin/Kinhte/Chinhs ach/LA67343/default 6 Thiie day quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky phat trien hdn niJa http://www.mofa.gov.vn/vi/ nr040807104143/ns070618162411/view 7 Quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky se chuyen bien tich ciic http://www.tinkinhte.com/ nd5/detail/viet-nam/tu-lieu -quan- he-quocte/ 8 Tie'p tuc thiie day quan he Viet Nam - Hoa. .. vay, quan he tdt hdn vdi Viet Nam se cd ldi chd My trong viec duy tri anh hifdng cua minh d khu vile Ve kinh te, mdt dieu ro rang la quan he kinh te vdi My, vdi tif each la dd'i tie thifdng mai ldn nha't va nha diu tif hang d i u vao Viet Nam, tbiic sil md'i quan he nay cd vai trd quan trpng dd'i vdi sil nghiep cdng nghiep hda va phat 28 SO 06-2010 trien dat nifdc Tuy nhien, Viet Nam vdi mdt nen kinh. .. thl^y, mdt trong nhdng nhan td' quan trpng nha't tac dpng de'n trien vpng quan he kinh te Viet - My chinh la nhdng thanh tilu cua Viet Nam trong qua tririh thilc hien Ddi mdi va nhdng tac dpng cua nd de'n viec md rdng quan he kinh te qud'c te Nhdng thanh tilu Doi mdi tuy khdng difdc trinh bay d day, nhifng nhd nhdng thanh tilu nay ma Viet Nam da md rpng difdc cac quan he kinh te qud'c te cua minh, Viet... phap ly sau rpng hdn trong toan he thd'ng cua Viet Nam va niem tin r i n g nen kinh te Viet Nam se cdn tang trifdng nhanh chdng Diu tif FDI cua Hoa Ky vao Viet Nam thdi gian qua gdp p h i n quan trpng trong viec bd sung ngudn vd'n, dap dng nhu clu d i u tif phat trien xa hpi va tang trudng kinh te Ben canh dd, ngudn vdn FDI td Hoa Ky vao Viet Nam cung gdp p h i n khdng nhd trong chuyen dich cd cau kinh. .. pha, cdng cin diidc My coi la mdt dd'i tie quan trpng ve kinh te Ngoai ra, viee My phat trien hdn nda quan he kinh te vdi Viet Nam cung se thuc day qua trinh phat trien nen kinh te thi triidng d day Dieu nay phd hdp vdi chinh saeh thuc day phat trien kinh te thi trifdng va md rpng cac gia tri til do, dan chd cua My tren toan clu Nhif vay, chung ta cd the thay, quan he Viet - My dang ddng trifdc nhdng... My, cung nhif sii phat trien cua Viet Nam, deu cd tac ddng manh den quan he gida hai nifdc Cac md'i quan he kinh te qud'c te va khu viic difdc chi phd'i bdi qua trinh phat trien, dan xen lan nhau gida nhdng ldi ich kinh te ehinh tri, vi vay neu khdng cd sii nhan thdc dung din va cd nhdng bifdc di phu hdp, thi khd cd the cd sil phat trien ben vdng trong quan he kinh te gida hai nifdc Viet Nam va Hea... anh hifdng rat nhieu den quan he Viet - My Hien nay, nen kinh te My dang trong giai doan phat trien khd khan, giam sut va dang phuc hdi sau khung hoang tai chinh tien te vda qua; My cdng dang tie'n hanh chd'ng lai nan khung bd', sau tai thie't Iraq va thilc hien eudc chie'n d Afghanistan Thilc te gin 10 nam qua cho thay, cude khung bd' ngay 11/9/2001 vao nifdc My da lam cho kinh te - xa hdi My gap nhdng... Viet - My trong tifdng lai Co the ndi, sil phat trien manh me va toan dien cua quan he Viet - My trong 15 nam qua la mdt thanh cdng dang ke cua ca hai nudc Gid day khi nhdng di san cua qua khd da lui xa 27 viec phat trien va md rdng quan he hdp tac kinh te Viet - My tdi mdc dp nao la hoan toan phu thudc vao "liia chpn" chu quan cua ca hai nifdc Difdng nhien, liia chpn hdp tac gida hai niidc phai phu... de'n ldi ich chinh tri cua ca hai niidc khi phat trien hdn nda quan he song phifdng Ne'u nhif dd'i vdi Viet Nam quan he vdi My cd y nghia quan treng trdng viec nang cao vi the cua minh cung nhif tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho sil nghiep phat trien kinh te thi dd'i vdi My, viec phat trien quan he chinh tri vdi Viet Nam cung cd y nghia ngay cang quan trpng Vdi mdt vi the khdng ngdng ldn manh tren trifdng qud'c . TRIEN VQNG QUAN HE KINH TE VIET NAM ' HOA KY SAU 15 NAM BINH THU'CINC HOA QUAN HE K e ttf khi binh thifdng hda quan he ngeai giao giiia Viet Nam va Hoa Ky, hdp tac kinh te giiia. trong nhdng nam tdi. III. Trien vong quan he kinh te Viet Nam - Hoa Ky Quan he kinh te Viet Nam - Hoa Ky ludn chiu nhdng tac ddng td cac md'i quan he kinh te' qud'c te va khu . trifdng kinh te manh me cua Viet Nam, ciing nhif viec cac cdng ty cua Hoa Ky cd md'i quan he kha hieu qua trong hdp tac kinh te vdi Viet Nam, nhat la trong cac van de lien quan de'n