INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS A. PHẦN LÍ THUYẾT I. Infinitives  To infinitive (Nguyên mẫu có To) b. Form (Cấu trúc) Khẳng định: to + V1 Phủ định: not to + V1 Bị động: to be + V3/-ed c. Functions (Chức năng) Subject (Chủ ngữ) To learn English is very necessary. To speak English fluently is very difficult. Complement (bổ ngữ) His hobby is to collect stamps. What I like is to swim in the sea. Object of an adjective (Tân ngữ của tính từ) It is necessary to learn English. I am happy to live here. Adverb of purposes (Trạng từ chỉ mục đích) He saved money to buy a bike. He bought this book to read. Object of a verb (Tân ngữ của động từ) a. Động từ đi sau các động từ dưới đây thường ở dạng to V 1 Agree Offer Decide Appear Forget* Refuse Attempt Plan Seem Learn Promise Manage Arrange Pretend Dare Threaten Fail Hope Afford tend b. Có hai cấu trúc sau những động từ này: Want Ask Expect Mean Would like Would prefer help V + to + V 1 V + object + to + V 1 I want to go there I want you to go there He would like to come. He would like me to come c Những động từ dưới đây thường được sử dụng với cấu trúc: V + object + to + V1 Tell Remind Force Enable Persuade Order Warn Invite Teach get d. Những động từ sau được sử dụng với hai cấu trúc: V + V-ing V + object + to V 1 He doesn’t allow smoking in his house. He doesn’t allow anyone to smoke in his house. 1 Advise recommend encourage Allow permit  Bare infinitive (Nguyên mẫu không To) Sau các động từ sau các động từ khác thường ở dạng V 1: make, let, help, notice, watch, hear, see, used t, had better, would rather, … II. Gerunds (Danh động từ) a. Form (Cấu trúc) Khẳng định: V+ ING Phủ định: NOT + V-ING Bị động: BEING + V3/-ed b. Functions (Chức năng) Subject (Chủ từ) Smoking is bad for our health. Learning English is very useful. Object of a preposition ( Tân ngữ của giới từ) Sau giới từ động từ phải luôn luôn được sử dụng dưới dạng Gerund. He is very interested in learning English. My father gave up smoking many years ago. He is looking forward to seeing you. Sau đây là một số tính từ + giới từ: Accustomed to :(quen với) - Afraid of - successful in ( thành công về ) - hopeful of ( hy vọng về ) - bored with ( chán ) -capable of ( có khả năng ) - (be) used to ( quen với) - proud of ( hãnh diện về ) - responsible for ( có trách nhiệm về ) - excited about (kích động về ) - interested in - famous for - fond of - ashamed of ( xấu hổ về ) -surprised at ( ngạc nhiên về ) - tired of ( chán ), tired from ( mệt ) opposed to ( phản đối ) essential to ( cần thiết ) - worried about ( lo lắng về ) Complement (Bổ ngữ) His hobby is collecting stamps. Object of a verb (Tân ngữ của động từ) Danh động từ thường đi sau một số động từ dưới đây: Stop Enjoy Fancy Admit Consider Miss Finish Mind Imagine Deny Involve Postpone Delay Suggest Avoid Practice risk regret keep prefer appreciate mention like hate I don’t mind helping you. He denied stealing the car. I hate doing my homework. Danh động từ còn được dùng sau một số cụm từ sau: It’s no use, look forward to, can’t help, can’t bear, have difficulty, there is no point in, it is worth, spend / waste (time) ,it is no good … B. PHẦN THỰC HÀNH 1. He wanted (see) _____________________the house where the president was born. 2 2. He is expected (arrive) _____________________in a few days. 3. I would like him (go) _____________________ to a university but I can’t (make) him go. 4. I am looking forward (see) _____________________ you. 5. I arranged (meet) _____________________them there. 6. He urged us (work) _____________________faster. 7. I wish (see) _____________________the manager. 8. It is no use (wait) _____________________him. 9. He warned her (not touch) _____________________the wire. 10. Don’t forget (clock) _____________________the door before (go) _________________to bed. 11. My mother told me (not speak) _____________________too anyone about it. 12. He tried (explain) _____________________but she refused (listen) _____________________. 13. At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) _____________________between the courses. 14. He decided (disguise) __________________ himself by (dress) _______________as a women. 15. I am prepared (wait) _____________________here all night if necessary. 16. Would you mind (show) _______________me how (work) _____________________the lift. 17. After (walk) _________three hours we stopped (rest) ___________and let the others (catch) ______________up with us. 18. I am beginning (understand) _____________________what you mean. 19. The boy likes (play) _____________________games but hates (do) ________________exercises. 20. I regret (inform) _____________________you that your application has been refused. 21. I don’t allow (smoke) _____________________in my drawing-room. 22. I don’t allow my family (smoke) _____________________at all. 23. He surprised us all by (go) ____________away without (say) ________________‘Good-bye’. 24. Please go on (write) _____________________; I don’t mind _____________________ (wait). 25. He wore glasses (avoid) (be) _____________________recognized. 26. Before (give) _______________evidence you must swear (speak) ___________________the truth. 27. I tried (persuade) ______________him (agree) _____________________with your proposal. 28. Your windows need (clean) ______________.Would you like me (do) ___________them for you. 29. Would you mind (shut) _______________the window? I hate (sit) _______________in a draught. 30. I can’t help (sneeze) ____________; I caught a cold yesterday form (sit) _________in a draught. 31. Stop (talk) _____________________; I am trying (finish) _____________________a letter. 32. His doctor advised him (give) _____________________up (jog) _____________________. 33. My watch keeps (stop) _____________________. 3 34. People used (make) ___________________fire by (rub) ____________two sticks together. 35. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring). 36. If you go on (let) _____________________your dog (chase) _____________________cars he will end by (be) _____________________run over. 37. I prefer (drive) _____________________to (be) _____________________driven. 38. I advise you (start) _____________________ (look) _____________________for a flat at once. 39. Would you mind (lend) _____________me some money? I forgot (cash) __________ a cheque. 40. (Lie) _____________on the beach is much more pleasant than (sit) _____________in the office. 41. She like her children (go) _____________to the dentist every six months. 42. An instructor is coming (show) _____________us how (use) _____________the machine. 43. I have no intention of (go) _____________to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) _____________my favorite actress in such dreadful part. 44. I suggest (telephone) _____________the hospitals before (ask) _____________the police (look) _____________for him. 45. After (hear) _____________the conditions I decided (not enter) __________for the competition. 46. Some people seem (have) __________the passion for (write) _____________to the newspapers. 47. He expects me (answer) _____________by return but I have no intention of (reply) _____________at all. 48. He postponed (make) _____________a decision until it was too late (do) _____________anything. 49. Try (forget) _____________it; It isn’t worth (worry) _____________about it. 50. There is no point in (remain) _____________in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help) _____________the people who have (stay) _____________ there. THE INFINITIVE OR THE GERUND I/ Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets : 1. Tom regrets ( spend ) …………………… too much time ( play ) ………………computer games . 2. Students stopped ( make ) …………………… noise when the teacher came in . 3. He’ll try ( not make) ……………………the same mistake again. 4. Would you mind ( turn ) …………… off the radio ? 5. When you see Tom, remember ( give ) …………………… him my regards. 6. They postponed ( build ) ……………….an elementary school for lack of finance. 7. It’s no use ( advise ) ………………him. He never allows anybody (give) ……………….advice. 8. Is there anything here worth ( buy )……………… ? 9. We missed ( watch ) …………………… a football match last night . 10. The principal tells him ( come )………………… in . 11. My parents decided ( take ) …………………a taxi because it was late. 12. Do you agree ( lend ) …………………me some money ? 13. Tom refused (give) ………………… me his address . 14. You’ll be able ( do ) ………………it yourself when you are older . 15. I didn’t know how ( get ) ……………… to your house , so I stopped ( ask )………………. the way . 16. We found it very difficult ( reach ) ……………… a decision . 17. I will remember ( give ) …………………Mr. Brown your message . 4 18. She remembers ( be ) …………………taken to the zoo by her mother . 19. Do you feel like ( go ) ……………… to the concert or would you like ( stay )……………… at home ? 20. My family is considering (take) ………………… a trip to the USA next year. 21. The police didn’t permit ( camp ) ………………… in this wood for security reasons . 22. We don’t allow people ( smoke ) ……………… in the lecture room. 23. The teacher advised ( review) ………………… the grammatical structures carefully . 24. He’ s used to ( go ) …………….on foot to work . 25. We get used to ( work ) …………….on Sundays . 26. She is looking forward to ( see ) …………………her friends . 27. Sometimes students avoid ( look ) …………… at the teacher if they don’t want (answer )………… a question. 28. You should try ( wear ) ………………any shirts you want to buy. 29. The teacher recommends us ( prepare) ……………….the lessons well before ( come ) ………….to class. 30. There are people can’t help ( laugh )…………….when they see someone ( slip ) ………….on a banana skin 31. He went to bed without ( lock ) ……………….the doors . 32. They don’t have enough patience ( wait ) ……………….for him . 33. Gravity makes water ( run ) …………………downhill . 34. This man let me ( use ) ………………….his phone yesterday. 35. Are we allowed ( go )………………… out with Tom ? 36. The teller was made ( raise )…………………. his hands . 37. Mary was advised ( stay ) ……………………out of the crowd . 38. She prefers ( eat ) to ( prepare ) …………………… meals . 39. When the rainy season comes , you need ( repair ) ………………… the roof of the house . 40. The flowers need ( water ) but you needn’t ( water ) ……………… them now. II/ Rewrite the following sentences with the meaning unchanged: 1. Shall we go for a walk ? è What about ………………………………….? 2. Why don’t we visit our teacher ? è I suggest ………………………… 3. I am very pleased that we shall meet again soon. è I’m looking …………………… 4. It is really quite easy to learn English . è Learning ………………………. 5. I don’t want to go to the movie tonight. è I don’t feel like ……………………………… 6. Complaining about the matter is useless now. è It is …………………… 7. It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour. è It’s better to avoid ……………………. 8. I expect that he will get there by lunchtime. è I expect him …………………………… 9. I remember someone telling me the news. è I remember being……………………… 10. Could you turn the radio down, please? è.Would you mind ……………………………………? 5 . INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS A. PHẦN LÍ THUYẾT I. Infinitives  To infinitive (Nguyên mẫu có To) b. Form (Cấu trúc) Khẳng định:. (walk) _________three hours we stopped (rest) __________ _and let the others (catch) ______________up with us. 18. I am beginning (understand) _____________________what you mean. 19. The boy likes. dạng V 1: make, let, help, notice, watch, hear, see, used t, had better, would rather, … II. Gerunds (Danh động từ) a. Form (Cấu trúc) Khẳng định: V+ ING Phủ định: NOT + V-ING Bị động: BEING