UNIT 14 WONDERS OF THE WORLD I-Grammar: 1. QUESTIONS WORDS BEFORE TO-INFINITIVES: Những từ để hỏi đứng trước động từ nguyên mẫu có to Wh-word + to-infinitivoo Tronglời nói gián tiếp, động từ nguyên mẫu có to (to-infinitive) có thể được dùng sau các từ để hỏi What, when, where, who…(nhưng thường không theo sau why) Những động từ thường đứng trong cấu trúc này là: tell, show, point out, learn … - He told me what to do. - He showed us how to open the box. - He pointed out where to get tickets. 2. VERB + TO-INFINITIVE: Những động từ theo sau là động từ nguyên mẫu có to) Sau nhiều động từ thường, ta có thể dùng hình thức nguyên mẫu của những động từ khác. - I want to buy a new shirt. - He decided to go home. - They started to run. Những động từ thường đứng trong cấu trúc này là: : start, begin, decide, want, try, manage, would like, agree, … 3.REPORTED SPEECH 3-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu hỏi đảo (Yes/ No- questions) *Cách chuyển: -Đổi said >asked (hoặc wanted to know/ wondered) sau đó thêm tân ngữ (nếu cần thiết). -Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép, dấu phẩy và dấu hỏi. -Đặt If/ whether lên trước chủ ngữ của câu gián tiếp +động từ lùi thì. -Đổi ngôi, đổi từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn(nếu cần thiết). *Công thức: Trực tiếp: Do/ Does/ Did + S + V-nd….? >Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + V-lùi thì… VD: “Do you go to school?” he said. >He asked me whether/ if I went to school. +Dạng động từ khuyết thiếu: Trực tiếp: Can/ shall/ will+ S + V-nd….? >Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + if/ whether + S + could/ should/ would + V-nd… VD: Mary said to Nam, “Can you speak English?” >Mary asked Nam if/ whether he could speak English. 4-Dạng câu trực tiếp là câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: (Wh-questions) *Cách chuyển: -Đổi said >asked (hoặc wanted to know/ wondered) sau đó thêm tân ngữ (nếu cần thiết). -Bỏ dấu ngoặc kép, dấu phẩy và dấu hỏi. -Đặt từ hỏi wh lên trước chủ ngữ của câu gián tiếp +động từ lùi thì. -Đổi ngôi, đổi từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn(nếu cần thiết). *Công thức: Trực tiếp: Từ hỏi + do/ does/ did + S + V-nd….? >Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + từ hỏi + S + V-lùi thì… VD: “Where do you live?” he said. >He asked me where I lived. +Dạng động từ khuyết thiếu: 1 Trực tiếp: Từ hỏi + can/ shall/ will+ S + V-nd….? >Gián tiếp: S + asked + O + Từ hỏi + S + could/ should/ would + V-nd… VD: Mary said to Nam, “How can you speak English?” >Mary asked Nam how he could speak English. *Với TOBE: VD1: “Are you a student?” She asked me. >She asked me if I was a student. VD2: “Is she doing her homework?” Mary asked him. >Mary asked him if she was doing her homework. VD3: “What are you doing?” Mai said to Hoa >Mai asked Hoa what she was doing. Note:Nếu câu hỏi với will/ shall…diễn tả yêu cầu, lời mời, đề nghị có thể chuyển sang câu gián tiếp dạng câu hỏi hoặc câu cầu khiến. VD: He said, “Will you open the door?” >He asked me to open the door. (He asked me If I would open the door) II-Practice: Exercise 1: The following are some more questions both Mrs. Smith and Nam asked. Report the questions for Nam, but this time you need to use if or whether: 1. “ Is there a phone?” =>I asked her………………………………… 2. “Do you have many friends?” =>She asked me………………………………. 3. “Is there a fridge in the kitchen?” =>I asked her………………………………… 4. “Do you smoke?” =>She asked me………………………………. 5. “Does the flat have central heating?” =>I asked her…………………………………. 6. “Do you sometimes have a party?” =>She asked me………………………………. 7. “Can I move the furniture around?” =>I asked her………………………………… 8. “Do you often get home after 10.30 PM? =>She asked me……………………………… 9. “Is there a TV in the bed room?” =>I asked her………………………………… 10. “Are you a student?” =>She asked me……………………………… 11. “Can you speak English?” =>I asked her………………………………… 12. “Are you working as well as studying?” =>She asked me……………………………… 13. “Are you interested in acting?” =>She asked me……………………………… 14. “Are you free tonight?” =>He asked me……………………………… 15. “Do you know the way to the bank, Nam?” => Lan asked ……………………………………… Exercise 2 : Rewrite the following Yes/No questions in reported speech, use IF or WHETHER: 1.“Do you enjoy reading books?” Phong asked Peter. => Phong asked Peter……………………. 2 2. “Does she like sports?”Hoa asked Lan. =>Hoa asked …………………………… 3. “Does Hoa play badminton?” Lan asked Thu. =>Lan asked Thu…………………………. 4. “Does your sister and brother go to the same school?”She asked Nam. =>She asked……………………………… 5. “Do the children perform on TV?” Her mother asked her teacher. =>Her mother asked……………………… 6. “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom. =>She asked……………………………… 7. “Will it rain tomorrow morning?” He asked his friend. =>He asked………………………………. 8. “Do you travel to school by bus?” Tam asked Peter. =>Tam asked ……………………………. 9. “Are Tam and Hoa late for class?” Tuan asked Lan. =>Tuan asked…………………………… 10. “Do you need an umbrella to go out?” She asked me. =>She asked……………………………… 11. “Does Lan’s father work for a bank?” Thu asked Long. =>Thu asked long………………………… 12. “Do the students know something about their new English teacher?” Phong asked Tuan. =>Phong asked ………………………… 13. “Does Phong’s mother work in a hospital?” Thu asked Ba. =>Thu asked Ba……………………………. 14. “Does our teacher ask us to clean up the room?” Phong asked Lan. =>Phong asked……………………………… 15. “Can you speak Chinese?” She asked me. =>She asked…………………………………. 16. “Will she be here for five days?” Tam asked Thu =>Tam asked…………………………………. 17. “Should we keep our room warm?” Lan asked her teacher. =>Lan asked……………………………………. 18. “Do they need some help?” She asked her husband. =>She asked ……………………………………. 19. “May I have a look at your pictures?” Lan asked Hoa. =>Lan asked……………………………………. 20. “Can these athletes swim across the river?” Phong asked Ba =>Phong asked ………………………………… Exercise3: Rewriting these Wh-questions in reported speech: 1. “Where does your father work?” The teacher asked me. ………………………………………………………………………………… 2. “How far is it from Ho Chi Minh city to Vung Tau?” A tourist asked. ………………………………………………………………………………… 3. “How many people are there in your family?” She asked Lan. ………………………………………………………………………………… 4. “How long will you stay in England?” Tam’s friend asked him. ………………………………………………………………………………… 5. “What’s your hobby?” The teacher asked Lien. ………………………………………………………………………………… 6. “Why do you collect waste paper?” she asked Ba. ………………………………………………………………………………… 7. “When will you visit Ha Noi?” Hoa asked her parents. ………………………………………………………………………………… 8. “What language do you speak?” Mrs Brown asked Thu. ………………………………………………………………………………… 3 9. “What time do the schools begin?” He asked Mrs Brown. ………………………………………………………………………………… 10. “How do you go to the airport?” His friend asked him. ………………………………………………………………………………… Exercise 4: 1 . The Pyramid is the………wonder you can still see today. A. last B. early . soon D. only 2 . Centuries ago. a list of seven wonders of the world was ……. A. put up B. written down C. compiled D. take 3 . There were other wonders which the ancient Greeks knew…….about. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. someone 4 . Angkor Wat is one of the largest……. In the world. A. temples B. churches C. pagodas D. tombs 5 . Angkor Wat was originally built for…………. A. Hindus B.Buddhists C. Kings D. Queens 6 . My class has……. returned from a trip to the Grand Canyon in America. A. only B. just C. yet D. before 7*. My mother wanted to know if I…… alright with my work. A. am B. am not c. was D. have been 8* . Angkor Wat should really…………….as a wonder . A. know B. known C. be know D. be known 9** . He asked me………… I liked coffee or not A. whether B. which C. where D. what 10** . She told me how …………English words well . A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 11. ……….Sydney Opera House completed in 1973 ? A. Did B. Was C. Does D. Is 12 . Nhi asked Nga if she………my son . A. know B. known C. knew D. is known 13 . Statue of Liberty was …… to the USA by the French A. constructed B. designed C. completed D. presented 14 . She decided……… her run because it was getting darker . A. to continue B. to continuing C. continue D. continuing 15 . I was born and ………in Hue, a beautiful city of Viet Nam . A, grow up B. grew up C. growed up D. grown up 16 . She showed me where……….souvenirs . A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 17*. …………, after ten minutes , dark clouds began to appear . A. Unfortunate B. Unfortunately C. Unfortunated D. Unfortunatedly 18*.While my mother ……… dinner, my father came home from work . A, cooked B. cooking C. was cooking D. is cooking 19**.People…….their bulls fight against each other in a bull-fighting festival. A. have B. ask C. tell D. show 20**. A country which exports a lot of rice is called a ……country . A. rice-export B. exporting-rice C. rice-exporting D. export-rice Exercise 5: Fill in the blanks with “what, where, how, when…” and one of the verbs in the box. Buy speak get rent do 1. She showed me …………………English fluently. 2. Could you tell me ……………………to the stadium? 3. He told me ……………… flat 4. She advised me ……………….the best book. 5. Jane pointed out to me ………………… with waste paper. Answer Key: 4 1. how to speak 2. how to get 3. where / how to rent 4. where / how to buy 5. what to do Exercise 6:Put the verbs in bracket into the sentences using “verb + to – infinitive” 1. Don’t forget …………….(lock) the door when you go out. 2. I will ………………(see) you soon. 3. I have arranged ………………… (meet) some friends tonight. 4. They offered ………………(pay) the bill. 5. She couldn’t …………………(reply) because she didn’t know what to say. 6. My friend let me ……………….(drive) her car. 7. The film made her …………… (cry). 8. We may ………………(go) out for a meal this evening. 9. They are expecting …………………… (go) on a picnic. 10. Jane intended ………………….(buy) a new car. Exercise 7: Complete the conversation, using the verbs in brackets with or without “to”. Mary: I want (1) …………(do) something interesting this weekend. Can we (2) …………(do) something together? John: Well. I’ve arranged (3) ……………(go) on a trip to the coast with some friends. Do you want (4)………………(come) with us? Mary: Yes, that sounds good. When are you planning (5) ………………(leave)? John: Well, we have decided (6) ……………… (start) early in the morning tomorrow and I have (7) …………….(take) the others in my car. So, you must (9) ………….(meet) me here at 6. 30 a.m. Mary: Ok, good. I won’t (10) ………………(be) late. Exercise 8: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the brackets. 1. I enjoy (walk)……………… in the rain. 2. Would you like (have) …………………something (eat)……………? 3. I want (see) ………………… a film on TV this evening. 4. When did you finish (paint) ………………the kitchen? 5. I hope (earn) …………….some money soon. 6. I began (learn) ………………….English when I was 7. 7. I’m hungry. I don’t know where (go) …………….eating. 8. It’s difficult (find) …………………….a good job. 9. I’ve decided (stop) ……………………smoking. 10. Let’s (go) ……………………shopping. 11. I need a recipe for a cake that’s easy (make) ………………………. 12. Dave used (ski) ……………… when he was younger but not any more. 13. I go (ski) ……………………every winter. 14. My instructor made me (ski) ………………down the steep mountain. 15. I went for a walk (get) ………………… some fresh air. 16. It’s important (keep) ……………………vocabulary records. 17. There used (be) ……………….a lot of traffic here but now there isn’t a lot any more. 1. “I’m going to Hanoi ”, he said àHe said……………………………………………………………………………… 2. “I am living in Ho Chi Minh city ” à Peter said…….……………………………………………………………………… 3. “We are waiting for the bus”, said the children. à The children said …….………………………………………………………… 4. “I’m looking for my skates , Ann said” à Ann said …….………………………………………………………………… 5. “I’m living with my parents now ”, she said à She said…………………………………………………………………………… 5 6. “I am washing my car now ”, Peter said to me. à Peter told…… …………………………………………………………… 7. “I’m coming up to London . ”, Mary said to me. à Mary told…………………………………………………………………………… 8. “We are waiting for you ”. àThey told me …………………………………………………………………………………… 9. “I’m bringing the book back to you tomorrow”, Mary said to Peter . àMary told……………………………………………………………………………………… 10. Peter said “ I’m having some fruits”. àPeter said…….………………………………………………………………………………… 11. My aunt said to me: “If you are short of money, I can lend you 50 pounds now” . àMy aunt told …….…………………………………………………………… 12. He said to her: “You are my friend” à.He told … …………………………………………………………………… 13. John said to his mother: “I don’t know how to do this exercise”. àJohn told ………………………………………………………………………… 14. “I have left my watch at home So I don’t know the time” said the man. àThe man ……………………………………………………………………… 15. He said to me: “I don’t know you returned so I don’t come to see you”. àHe told…………………………………………………………………… 16. Our teacher said to us: “the earth goes around the sun”. ”. àOur teacher told …………………………………………………… 17. He also told us: “New York is bigger than London” àHe also told us …………………………………………………………………… 18. Bill said: “I can do this exercise right now.” ” >Bill said. ………………………………………………………………………… 19. . she said: “My brother won’t let me take his car àShe said ………………………………………………………………………………… 20. “I don’t love you any more”, Eric said to his girlfriend. àEric told ……………………………………………………………… 21. She said, "I go to the cinema everyday." -> She said………………………………………………………………………… 22. He said, "I am writing a test tomorrow." ->He said ………………………………………………………………………………………. 23. You said, "I will do this for him." ->You said ……………………………………………………………………. 24. She said, "I am not hungry now." -> She said ………………………………………………………………………………………. 25. They said, "We have never been here before." ->They said ………………………………………………………………………………………. 26. “Iwent going to Hanoi yesterday ”, he said àHe said……………………………………………………………………… 27. “I lived in Ho Chi Minh city with my freinds ” àPeter said…….………………………………………………………………………………… 28. “We waited for the bus yesterday”, said the children. àThe children said …….………………………………………………………… 29. “I looked for my skates last week , Ann said” àAnn said …….……………………………………………………………………………… 30. “I lived with my parents last year ”, she said àShe said…………………………………………………………………………… 31. “I washed my car last Sunday ”, Peter said to me. à Peter told…… …………………………………………………………… 32. “I come up to London last month . ”, Mary said to me. 6 à Mary told……………………………………………………………………………………………… 33. “We are waiting for you if you are late ”. àThey told me …………………………………………………………………………………… 34. “I brought the book back to you yesterday”, Mary said to Peter . àMary told……………………………………………………………………………………… 35. Peter said “ I had some fruits with my friends”. àPeter said…….………………………………………………………………………………… 36. My aunt said to him: “If you are short of money, I can lend you 50 pounds now” . àMy aunt told …….…………………………………………………………… 37. She said to him: “You are my friend” à.She told … …………………………………………………………………… 38. Mary said to her father: “I don’t know how to do this exercise”. àMary told …………………………………………………………………………… 39. “I left my watch at home So I didn’t know the time” said the woman. àThe woman ……………………………………………………………………… 40. She said to him: “I didn’t know you returned so I didn’t come to see you”. àHe told…………………………………………………………………… 41. Bill said: “I did this exercise two days ago.” ” >Bill said. ………………………………………………………………………… 42. she said: “My brother let me take his car àShe said …………………………………………………………………………………… 43. she said: “My brother lets me take his car àShe said …………………………………………………………………………………… 44. “I won’t tell lies you any more”, Eric said to his girlfriend. àEric told ……………………………………………………………… 45. She said, "I will go to the cinema tomorrow." -> She said………………………………………………………………………………………… 46. He said, "I am having a test tomorrow." ->He said ……………………………………………………………………. 47. Tom said, "I will do this work for you next week ." ->Tom told me ……………………………………………………………………………. 48. She said, "I will come back next month." -> She said …………………………………………………………………………. 49. They said, "We have never eaten this kind of food before." ->They said ………………………………………………………………………………………. 50. Mai said to me “ I have never seen this beautiful sight before à……………………………………………………………………………………………… 51. He said that “I was having a toothache. à………………………………………………………………………………… 52. She said that “I am going to the museum with her classmates now. ->………………………………………………………………………………………………… 53. They said that “We are going to the supermarket with our daughters at this time” à……………………………………………………………………………… 54. “ I don’t have much time to enjoy myself “ >Rachel said …………………………………………………………………………. 55. “ I haven’t had lunch with my friends for ages “ ->Rachel said …………………………………………………………………………. 56. “ I went here last week with my secretary “ àRachel said …………………………………………………………………………. 7 Exercise 9: Write the complete sentences: 1) The ambulance / be here / a few minutes 2) I / pleased that / you want / know more 3) Ba / taking a shower / 8.00 / last night 4) It / difficult / learn English 5) Would you / lending me / dictionary? 6) They / playing tennis / 10.30 / yesterday morning 7) Bao / always forgetting / homework 8) Last week / she / an English test / Friday 9) The school festival / held / the yard / last week 10) In / rice cooking festival / fire / made / traditional way 11) It / not difficult / translate / this sentence / English 12) You / mind / lend / me / dictionary? 13) New bicycles / make / Japan / be / expensive 8 14) The Robinson family / making / preparation / Tet 15) You / mind / if / wait / me / moment? 16) Who / man / waiting outside? 17) There / some children / swim / the river 18) You / visited / Bach Ma Mountain? 19) We / can see / boy / ride / water buffalo 20) My Son / recognize / world heritage / 1999 21) They / be / vacation / Da Lat now 22) I / Mai whether / it was / highest building. 23) People / shoes / made / old car tires. 24) Thanks / the flowers / you / me / last week. 25) I asked / Thanh / whether / Petronas Twin Tower / the tallest building / the word. 9 . expensive 8 14) The Robinson family / making / preparation / Tet 15) You / mind / if / wait / me / moment? 16) Who / man / waiting outside? 17) There / some children / swim / the river 18) You /. after ten minutes , dark clouds began to appear . A. Unfortunate B. Unfortunately C. Unfortunated D. Unfortunatedly 18* .While my mother ……… dinner, my father came home from work . A, cooked B tombs 5 . Angkor Wat was originally built for…………. A. Hindus B.Buddhists C. Kings D. Queens 6 . My class has……. returned from a trip to the Grand Canyon in America. A. only B. just C. yet D. before 7*.